COMMON NOUNS at the C1 Level to Sound Advanced!

15,301 views ใƒป 2023-11-22

JForrest English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Today you're going to expand yourย  vocabulary with common C1 nouns,ย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ C1 ๋ช…์‚ฌ, ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ดํœ˜๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:05
advanced nouns to help you sound veryย  fluent and professional in English.
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.
00:10
Welcome back to JForrest English, of course.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  JForrest English์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
I'm Jennifer.
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:13
Now let's get started.
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์ด์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
1st, I'm going to quiz you to seeย  how well you know these C1 nouns.
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๋จผ์ €, ๊ท€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ด C1 ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
Don't worry if you don't know any,ย  because the purpose of this quizย ย 
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์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ด ํ€ด์ฆˆ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€
00:24
is just to understand where youย  are now, to assess your level.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
And then after, I'll explainย  every C1 noun in detail.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ชจ๋“  C1 ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
And then you'll complete the quiz again.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
And I promise you, your score fromย  the beginning to the end is goingย ย 
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์•ฝ์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š”
00:41
to be very different and you're going toย  feel very proud of your accomplishment.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ท€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์„ฑ์ทจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
So let's start the test question one.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฌธ์ œ 1๋ฒˆ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
She's a good detective.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ํƒ์ •์ด์—์š”.
00:52
We can trust her.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
Now.
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00:56
I'm only going to give you 3 seconds to answer,ย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ.
๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 3์ดˆ๋งŒ ๋“œ๋ฆด
00:58
so hit pause if you need more timeย  and then hit play when you're ready.
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ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์ผ์‹œ ์ •์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์‹œ๊ณ  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
01:04
Her inferences.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ถ”๋ก .
01:06
Question 2 Have you always hadย  towards languages An inclination?
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 2 ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์–ธ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:16
Question 3 Choosing between studying abroad orย  staying home close to family is a a dilemma.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 3 ์œ ํ•™์„ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€, ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์ง‘์— ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
Question 4 Learning a new languageย  is a worthwhile endeavour.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 4 ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
Question 5 The word freedom hasย  positive for most people connotations.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 5 ์ž์œ ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
Question 6 Lockdowns during COVIDย  created a lot of controversy.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 6 ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ํ์‡„๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ผ๋ž€์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
Question seven, There was a bigย  in the election results disparity.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 7. ์„ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ปธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
Question 8.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 8.
02:10
J for his English lessons act as aย  in my language learning a catalyst.
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J์˜ ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ๋‚ด ์–ธ์–ด ํ•™์Šต์˜ ์ด‰๋งค์ œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
Question nine She guessedย  her friendly from her mother.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 9 ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์นœ๊ทผ๊ฐ์„ ์ถ”์ธกํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
Disposition Question 10 Your isย  your best Quality Resilience.
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์ฒ˜๋ถ„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ 10 ๊ท€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
So was that quiz difficult for you?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋‚˜์š”?
02:42
It probably was, but don't worryย  because you haven't learned these yet.
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์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
02:47
So now I'm going to teachย  you each C1 noun in detail.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ ๊ฐ C1 ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
And then you'll do that quiz again.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
And I promise your score will improve.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
Disparity.
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์ƒ์ด.
02:58
Disparity.
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์ƒ์ด.
02:59
This is a noticeable differenceย  or inequality between things,ย ย 
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์ด๋Š”
03:05
often in terms of quantity, quality, or status.
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์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰, ํ’ˆ์งˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
For example, there is a significant disparityย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
03:14
in income levels between theย  rich and poor in this city.
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์ด ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ž์™€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์†Œ๋“ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„
03:20
Remember grammatically thatย  we're talking about nouns.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
03:24
So pay attention to if theย  noun requires an article,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๊ด€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€,
03:29
or if not, because it's eitherย  an exception or it's uncountable.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€์ง€ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด๋Š” ์˜ˆ์™ธ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
In this case, we have a disparity.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
We need an article.
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๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
There is a modifier, a significant disparity.
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์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
The article is conjugated with the modifier.
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๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
So if you need a or an, it depends onย  what directly comes after the article.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ a ๋˜๋Š” an์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋’ค์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
A significant disparity.
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์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
Resilience.
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ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ.
04:01
Resilience.
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ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ.
04:02
This is a concept and it's when you can recoverย  quickly from challenges or difficulties.
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์ด๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋ฉฐ, ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์—์„œ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
For example, the community'sย  resilience was evident in howย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์€ ํŒŒ๊ดด์ ์ธ ์ง€์ง„ ์ดํ›„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์žฌ๊ฑด๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:16
quickly they rebuilt afterย  the devastating earthquake.
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.
04:22
So there was this devastatingย  earthquake that destroyed the homes.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง‘๋“ค์ด ํŒŒ๊ดด๋œ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ง€์ง„์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
But the city's resilience, their ability toย  recover quickly from challenges or difficulties,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ, ๋„์ „์ด๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์—์„œ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋•๋ถ„์—
04:34
allowed them to rebuild the home and noticeย  that the resilience, it belongs to the city.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง‘์„ ์žฌ๊ฑดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋„์‹œ์— ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
The city's resilience.
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๋„์‹œ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ.
04:46
Dilemma.
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์–‘๋„ ๋…ผ๋ฒ•.
04:47
Dilemma.
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์–‘๋„ ๋…ผ๋ฒ•.
04:48
That's fun to say.
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๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์ฐธ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
04:50
Dilemma.
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์–‘๋„ ๋…ผ๋ฒ•.
04:51
This is a difficult situation orย  problem where a choice must beย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ต์…˜ ์ค‘์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
04:57
made between two options, butย  they're equally undesirable.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
So both of the options aren't veryย  good, but you have to make a decision.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‘ ์˜ต์…˜ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์ข‹์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
That's a dilemma.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
And notice that article a dilemma.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์— ๋น ์กŒ์Œ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
05:15
For example, she faced A dilemmaย  between taking a high paying jobย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด
05:21
she didn't enjoy or pursuing her passionย  for art, but with an uncertain income.
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์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ด์ •์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜์ž…์ด ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ณ ์ž„๊ธˆ ์ง์—…์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
So she can take the high payingย  job, but she doesn't like it.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ง์—…์„ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
Or she can pursue art, but there's no money.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ˆ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
So that's a dilemma, because both ofย  those options have undesirable qualities.
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๋‘ ์˜ต์…˜ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋Š” ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
Endeavor.
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๋…ธ๋ ฅ.
05:45
Endeavor.
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๋…ธ๋ ฅ.
05:46
This is a serious or determinedย  effort to achieve something,ย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€,
05:51
especially something challenging or worthwhile.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋„์ „์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹จํ˜ธํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
For example, the team made every endeavorย  to complete the project ahead of schedule.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํŒ€์€ ์ผ์ •๋ณด๋‹ค ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
Notice here, because it's aย  noun, we sometimes requireย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
06:06
other grammatical structures to make it complete.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
And here you make an endeavor.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
Otherwise, we could actuallyย  use endeavor as a verb.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
The team endeavored to complete the project.
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ํŒ€์€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
But this lesson is teaching you nouns.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
And in this case, endeavor is also a noun.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
But you make an endeavor.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
In this example, it's made every endeavor.
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์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
So we have our verb make in the past Simple.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜• ๋™์‚ฌ make๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
And because every implies there was moreย  than one, we don't have an article made.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•”์‹œํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
Every endeavor but endeavor is aย  noun that doesn't take a plural form.
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๋…ธ๋ ฅ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์„ ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
So the noun is plural, butย  we don't add an S to it.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด์ง€๋งŒ S๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
Inclination.
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๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ.
07:05
Inclination.
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๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ.
07:06
This is a natural tendency orย  preference towards something.
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์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์„ ํ˜ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
His inclination towards music led him toย  pursue a career as a professional musician.
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์Œ์•…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ „๋ฌธ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
So he has a natural tendency towards music.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์Œ์•…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
Or simply he has a preference and because of thatย  preference, he's pursuing a career as a musician.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์„ ํ˜ธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
His inclination and notice theย  inclination belongs to him.
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๊ทธ์˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
His inclination towards music.
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์Œ์•…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ.
07:42
Catalyst, catalyst.
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์ด‰๋งค, ์ด‰๋งค.
07:45
A catalyst is something that speeds upย ย 
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์ด‰๋งค์ œ๋Š”
07:48
a significant change or thatย  causes a significant change.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
For example, the new technology servedย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€
07:57
as a catalyst for the company's rapidย  expansion into international markets.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ์ œ ์‹œ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ด‰๋งค์ œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
So in this case, the catalyst is theย  new technology and the new technologyย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด‰๋งค์ œ๋Š” ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
08:13
allowed the company to speed up aย  significant change, which in thisย ย 
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด
08:19
case is expanding into international marketsย  or it simply caused that significant change.
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๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ ์‹œ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
So either they were in the process of doingย  this, or they started it as a new project.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ์ผ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
But the new technology was the catalyst.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ด‰๋งค์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†๋„๊ฐ€
08:41
It speed it up or it caused it.
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๋นจ๋ผ์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
Disposition.
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์ฒ˜๋ถ„.
08:47
Disposition.
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์ฒ˜๋ถ„.
08:49
This is a person's inherentย  qualities of mind and character.
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์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
Or you can think of it asย  one's temperament or nature.
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ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
For example, her cheerful disposition made herย  a joy to be around even in difficult situations.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์พŒํ™œํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
So here her disposition, disposition is the noun,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ, ์„ฑํ–ฅ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ ,
09:12
and it simply represents herย  character, her personality.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ, ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
And then we have an adjective,ย  her cheerful disposition,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์พŒํ™œํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
09:23
And in that case it soundsย  like a positive disposition.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
But somebody could have a negative disposition.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
His angry disposition made himย  a negative person to be around.
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๊ทธ์˜ ํ™”๋‚œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
To completely change the exampleย  to the opposite connotation.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋ฉด
09:44
Connotation.
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๋‚ดํฌ.
09:45
This is the emotional or cultural associationsย  that a word has beyond is literal meaning.
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์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์ •์„œ์  ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:55
So let's take the word home literally.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ง‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด์ž.
09:59
A home is where you live.
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์ง‘์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
That's the literal meaning.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
Well, what other connotationsย  are there with the word home?
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์Œ, ์ง‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
10:09
We could say the word home has positiveย  connotations of warmth and security.
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์ง‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์—๋Š” ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•จ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ „์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:16
So that's the emotional characteristicsย  that the word has beyond is literal meaning.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
That's the connotation controversy, controversy.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•จ์ถ•๋…ผ๋ž€, ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด๋‹ค.
10:29
I'm sure you know this one.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
This is a prolonged public dispute or debate,ย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด๋‚˜ ํ† ๋ก ์œผ๋กœ,
10:35
often involving opposingย  views or conflicting opinions.
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์ข…์ข… ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ์ถฉ๋˜๋Š” ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
For example, the new government policyย  sparked A controversy among citizensย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •๋ถ€ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๊ณ 
10:47
and politicians alike sparked a controversy.
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์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋„ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
Here the word spark simply means created.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ŠคํŒŒํฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
The controversy only existsย  because of this new policy.
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๋…ผ๋ž€์€ ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •์ฑ… ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—๋งŒ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
And remember, the controversy is that thereย  are opposing views, conflicting ideas.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋…ผ๋ž€์€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฌํ•ด, ์ƒ์ถฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
So there's going to be some sort of debate,ย  and is going to be a prolonged debate,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ํ‰์†Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธด ํ† ๋ก ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
a longer than usual debate,ย  because it's a controversy.
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๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
Inference, inference.
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์ถ”๋ก , ์ถ”๋ก .
11:24
This is a conclusion reached based on evidenceย  and reasoning rather than direct observation.
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์ด๋Š” ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์™€ ์ถ”๋ก ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:33
So I could look at somethingย  and reach a conclusion.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
That's direct observation, but maybe I don'tย  have the advantage of looking at something,ย ย 
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์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์ ์ด ์—†์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
11:45
So I have to use evidence andย  reasoning to reach that conclusion.
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์ฆ๊ฑฐ์™€ ์ถ”๋ก ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:52
That's inference.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ถ”๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
This is something that detectives do, becauseย  detectives don't always get to simply lookย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ํ˜•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ
12:00
at something, to directly observe it,ย  for example, from the clues provided.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ง์ ‘ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค( ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ œ๊ณต๋œ ๋‹จ์„œ์—์„œ).
12:07
So the clues, that's theย  reasoning and the evidence.
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๋‹จ์„œ๋Š” ์ถ”๋ก ์ด์ž ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:12
From the clues provided, the detective made aย  crucial inference about the suspect's location.
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์ œ๊ณต๋œ ๋‹จ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜•์‚ฌ๋Š” ์šฉ์˜์ž์˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ถ”๋ก ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
So the detective reached a conclusionย  about the suspect's location,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ˜•์‚ฌ๋Š”
12:25
not based on observation, because if youย  could observe where a suspect is, well,ย ย 
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๊ด€์ฐฐ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์šฉ์˜์ž์˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฉ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:31
then you would know exactly where that person is.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
But the detective didn't know.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜•์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
He had to use inference,ย  the clues to determine that.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถ”๋ก , ์ฆ‰ ๋‹จ์„œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
Now that you're more comfortable withย  this vocabulary, let's do the quiz again.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์–ดํœ˜์— ์ข€ ๋” ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์กŒ์œผ๋‹ˆ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ’€์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
Here are the questions.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
Hit, pause.
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์น˜๊ณ , ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ๋ผ.
12:50
Take as much time as you need.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
12:52
And when you're ready toย  see the answers, hit play.
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๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๋ณผ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
12:57
Here are the answers.
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๋‹ต๋ณ€์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
Hit, pause.
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12:59
Take as much time as youย  need to review the answers.
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์น˜๊ณ , ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ๋ผ.
๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
13:03
And when you're ready to continue, hit play.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
13:07
So did your score improve?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„์กŒ๋‚˜์š”?
13:09
I'm sure it did.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
13:11
Now I want you to post your quizย  results from the first quiz andย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ€ด์ฆˆ์™€
13:15
the second quiz in the comments belowย  so you can motivate and inspire otherย ย 
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ€ด์ฆˆ์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
13:20
students because they see how much progressย  they can make in this short period of time.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ด ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ง„์ „์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
So post your scores in the comments below.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
13:29
And of course, make sure you like this video,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์…จ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ,
13:31
share it with your friends and subscribe soย  you're notified every time I post a new lesson.
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
And you can get this free speaking guideย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
13:39
where I share tips on how to speakย  English fluently and confidently.
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์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
You can click here to download it orย  look for the link in the description.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
13:46
And you can keep improving yourย  vocabulary with this lesson right now.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ดํœ˜๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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