Improve Your English Fluency FAST | Reading and Listening Method

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2024-08-12 ใƒป JForrest English


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Improve Your English Fluency FAST | Reading and Listening Method

639,129 views ใƒป 2024-08-12

JForrest English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Today we're going to read a news.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’่ชญใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
00:02
Article together and this is  an advanced C1 article but.
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ไธ€็ท’ใซ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ้ซ˜ๅบฆใช C1 ่จ˜ไบ‹ใงใ™ใŒใ€
00:06
Don't worry because this lesson is perfect  for you if you're a beginner, intermediate,  
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ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅˆๅฟƒ่€…ใ€ไธญ็ดš่€…
00:12
or advanced student, because I'm going to.
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ใ€ไธŠ็ดš่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏๅฎŒ็’งใงใ™ใ€‚็งใŒใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
00:14
Explain everything in detail.
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ใ™ในใฆใ‚’่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:17
You're going to improve.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
00:18
All areas of your.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ™ในใฆใฎ้ ˜ๅŸŸใ€‚
00:19
English your vocabulary grammar.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:22
Pronunciation, reading, writing, and.
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็™บ้Ÿณใ€่ชญใฟๆ›ธใใ€ใใ—ใฆใ€‚
00:25
More.
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00:25
Welcome back to JForrest English.
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ€‚
JForrest English ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:27
Of course.
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00:27
I'm Jennifer.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚
็งใฏใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
00:28
Now let's get started.
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ใ•ใ‚ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:29
1st I'll read.
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1็•ช็›ฎใฏ่ชญใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
00:30
The headline How did ancient  Egyptians stack those heavy stones?
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่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ— ๅคไปฃ ใ‚จใ‚ธใƒ—ใƒˆไบบใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆ้‡ใ„็Ÿณใ‚’็ฉใฟไธŠใ’ใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
00:35
Scientists float new theory.
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็ง‘ๅญฆ่€…ใŸใกใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็†่ซ–ใ‚’ๆๅ”ฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:38
We're talking about the pyramids, of course.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใƒ”ใƒฉใƒŸใƒƒใƒ‰ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:41
Ancient.
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ๅคไปฃใ€‚
00:42
Notice this pronunciation.
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ใ“ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:44
Ancient chint.
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ๅคไปฃใฎใƒใƒณใƒใƒณใ€‚
00:46
This last part here is pronounced chint Ancient.
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ใ“ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏใƒใƒณใƒˆใ‚จใƒณใ‚ทใ‚งใƒณใƒˆใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
00:51
Ancient Egyptians repeat after me.
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ๅคไปฃใ‚จใ‚ธใƒ—ใƒˆไบบใฏ็งใฎๅพŒใซๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:55
Ancient Egyptians.
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ๅคไปฃใ‚จใ‚ธใƒ—ใƒˆไบบใ€‚
00:57
Now let's look at stack.
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ๆฌกใซใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:59
This is a verb.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
01:01
How?
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01:01
Did they?
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ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ๏ผŸ
ใใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
01:02
Ancient Egyptians stack so that that's the verb.
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ๅคไปฃใ‚จใ‚ธใƒ—ใƒˆไบบใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใซใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ฉใฟ้‡ใญใพใ™ใ€‚
01:06
Now to stack is when you place one object on  top of another, which is exactly what they.
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ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒƒใ‚ฏใจใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ ๅˆฅใฎใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฎไธŠใซ็ฝฎใใ“ใจใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใพใ•ใซใใฎ้€šใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
01:12
Did with.
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ใจใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€‚
01:13
The stone to build the pyramids we commonly use.
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็งใŸใกใŒใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ†ใƒ”ใƒฉใƒŸใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’็ฏ‰ใใŸใ‚ใฎ็Ÿณใ€‚
01:17
This with papers, folders, books or other flat.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ด™ใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒซใƒ€ใƒผใ€ๆœฌใ€ใใฎไป–ใฎใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
01:23
Objects you can find in your home or office.
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ๅฎถใ‚„ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใง่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ€‚
01:26
Can you stack those papers?
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ใใฎ็ด™ใ‚’็ฉใฟ้‡ใญใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:28
Place them one on top of the other?
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้‡ใญใฆ็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ‹?
01:31
Now you can say into.
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ไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏinใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:32
A pile.
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ๅฑฑ็ฉใฟใ€‚ ใ€Œ
01:34
You could also say into a stack a stack.
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in a stackใ€ใ€Œใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
01:39
Of papers is the group of papers.
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ofpapers ใฏ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:43
With one place on top.
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ไธŠ้ƒจใซ1ใ‹ๆ‰€ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†
01:45
Of the other.
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ไธ€ๆ–นใฎใ€‚ ใ‚‚
01:46
Same with.
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ๅŒๆง˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:47
A pile A pile A.
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A ๅฑฑ A ๅฑฑ A. ๅฑฑใŒ็ฉใพ
01:49
Stack so notice.
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ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:51
This is.
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01:51
A noun, a stack, and then this is the.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€‚
ๅ่ฉžใ€ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚
01:55
Verb.
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01:55
To stack.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚
็ฉใฟ้‡ใญใ‚‹ใ€‚
01:57
So you might say I have a.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆๅ‡บใ™ใ‚‹
01:59
Stack of papers to file, so you have  to take all of those papers that are.
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ๆ›ธ้กžใŒๅฑฑ็ฉใฟใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ›ธ้กžใ‚’ๆๅ‡บใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:05
In a stack and file them.
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็ฉใฟ้‡ใญใฆใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:08
Alphabetically or by.
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ใ‚ขใƒซใƒ•ใ‚กใƒ™ใƒƒใƒˆ้ †ใพใŸใฏ้ †ใซใ€‚
02:10
Year for example.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐๅนดใ€‚
02:12
So in this case stack place  them one on top of the.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ 1 ใคใšใคไธŠใซ้‡ใญใฆ้…็ฝฎใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:15
Other those.
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ใใฎไป–ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚
02:16
Heavy stones, great question, isn't it?
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้‡ใ„็Ÿณใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
02:18
Is that something that you've?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:19
Ever thought about?
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่€ƒใˆใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:21
I know I certainly have.
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็ขบใ‹ใซใใ†ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:23
Scientists float new theory What  does it mean to float a new theory  
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็ง‘ๅญฆ่€…ใŒๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็†่ซ–ใ‚’็™บ่กจ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็†่ซ–ใ‚’็™บ่กจใ™ใ‚‹ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹? ใ•ใฆใ€
02:30
now, grammatically, you need an article.
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซใฏๅ† ่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
02:32
Here.
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ใ“ใ“ใ€‚
02:33
But articles and auxiliary verbs  are commonly omitted from headlines.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๅ† ่ฉžใ‚„ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‹ใ‚‰็œ็•ฅใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:39
But grammatically you need.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซใฏๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
02:40
A new theory.
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็†่ซ–ใ€‚
02:41
Because theory.
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็†่ซ–ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚ ใฏ
02:42
Is a singular countable noun,  so scientists float a new.
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ๅ˜ๆ•ฐใฎๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ ็ง‘ๅญฆ่€…ใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆตฎใ‹ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:47
Theory.
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็†่ซ–ใ€‚
02:48
This verb means to introduce a new theory.
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ใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็†่ซ–ใ‚’ๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:51
Suggest or propose?
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ๆๆกˆใพใŸใฏๆๆกˆ?
02:53
Honestly, I would say that.
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ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:55
All three of these.
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ใ“ใฎ3ใคใ™ในใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
02:56
Options are more common than the.
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ใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:59
Word float so.
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ๅ˜่ชžใŒๆตฎใใฎใงใ€‚
03:01
Sometimes with the English language you need to  
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ็‰นๅฎšใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅญฆใถๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
03:04
learn certain vocabulary in order  to understand what something means.
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ใ€‚
03:10
Because if you don't know  what float means in this case,  
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€float ใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€
03:13
you might not understand the meaning of the  idea, but other words may be more common or.
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ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏ็†่งฃใงใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ไป–ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎๆ–นใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:20
The better choices to.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„้ธๆŠž่‚ขใ‚’ใ€‚
03:22
Use.
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03:22
So I suggest using any one of these.
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ไฝฟ็”จใ€‚
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:26
3.
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03:26
But now you know that float an idea  simply means to introduce an idea.
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3.
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๆตฎใ‹ใณไธŠใŒใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ๅ˜ใซใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:33
Don't worry about taking notes  because I summarize everything in a.
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ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ 1 ใคใซใพใจใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใƒกใƒขใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟƒ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:37
Free lesson PDF.
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็„กๆ–™ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณPDFใ€‚
03:38
You can find the link in the description.
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่ชฌๆ˜Žใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:41
Let's continue with our lesson.
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ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:43
Four years.
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4ๅนดใ€‚
03:44
Egyptologist.
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ใ‚จใ‚ธใƒ—ใƒˆๅญฆ่€…ใ€‚
03:47
Personally, I've never seen this word.
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ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใซใฏใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏ่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:49
Before.
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ๅ‰ใซใ€‚
03:50
But I understand because we.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€็งใŸใกใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:52
Use.
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ไฝฟ็”จใ€‚
03:53
Ologist, we add that.
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ใ‚ชใƒญใ‚ฎใ‚นใƒˆใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ๅŠ ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
03:55
To a word.
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03:55
To mean the.
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ใฒใจ่จ€ใพใงใ€‚
ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
03:56
Study of.
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ใฎ็ ”็ฉถใ€‚
03:57
So I understand just by the form of this.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฝขใ ใ‘ใงใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:00
Word that an Egyptologist.
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ใ‚จใ‚ธใƒ—ใƒˆๅญฆ่€…ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ€‚
04:03
Is someone who.
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่ชฐใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:04
Studies Egypt.
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ใ‚จใ‚ธใƒ—ใƒˆใ‚’็ ”็ฉถใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:06
Egyptologist.
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ใ‚จใ‚ธใƒ—ใƒˆๅญฆ่€…ใ€‚
04:08
Now important to note.
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ใ“ใ“ใงๆณจๆ„ใ™ในใ้‡่ฆใช็‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:09
That this syllable stress is Egyptologist.
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ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎๅผท่ชฟใŒใ‚จใ‚ธใƒ—ใƒˆๅญฆ่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ€‚
04:15
So our syllable stress is here, Ologist.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€็งใŸใกใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฏใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใ‚ชใƒญใ‚ธใ‚นใƒˆใ€‚
04:18
And this is important because  that pattern applies where the.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚‚ๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
04:23
Syllable stress.
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้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ€‚
04:24
Is on the 1st.
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1ๆ—ฅใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:25
O before ologist, Ologist, ologist.
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ๅญฆ่€…ใ€ๅญฆ่€…ใ€ๅญฆ่€…ใฎๅ‰ใซใ€‚
04:31
Because it applies to all.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆใซๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:32
The words dermatologist,  psychologist, archaeologist.
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็šฎ่†š็ง‘ๅŒปใ€ ๅฟƒ็†ๅญฆ่€…ใ€่€ƒๅคๅญฆ่€…ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ€‚
04:39
So just remember that syllable.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:41
Stress although you.
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ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€‚
04:42
Probably won't use Egyptologist  too much in your vocabulary.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใ‚จใ‚ธใƒ—ใƒˆๅญฆ่€…ใ‚’ ่ชžๅฝ™ใซใ‚ใพใ‚Šไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:47
Egyptologists have hotly debated.
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ใ‚จใ‚ธใƒ—ใƒˆๅญฆ่€…ใŸใกใฏ็†ฑๅฟƒใซ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
04:51
So here, hotly.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€็†ฑใใ€‚
04:53
Is an.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:54
Adjective to describe.
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่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ€‚
04:55
How they've.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใฉใ†ใชใฃใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:56
Debate debated it.
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่จŽ่ซ–ใงใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:58
And you can think of hotly.
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ใจ็†ฑใๆƒณใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:00
Debated.
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่ญฐ่ซ–ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
05:01
As very enthusiastic.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚็†ฑๅฟƒใงใ™ใ€‚
05:04
Or.
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05:04
Passionate, so to put it as.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€‚
ๆƒ…็†ฑ็š„ใ€ใใ†่จ€ใˆใฐใ€‚
05:06
Adverbs.
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ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ€‚
05:07
You could.
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05:07
Say enthusiastically, passionately.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ‡บๆฅใ‚‹ใ€‚
็†ฑใใ€็†ฑใ่ชžใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:11
Because these.
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€‚
05:12
Are adjectives, so you can just put  it into the adverb form, but in a hot.
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใฎๅฝขใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆš‘ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:18
Debate.
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่ญฐ่ซ–ใ€‚
05:19
So that would be the ad adjective  hot debate, hotly debated.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ€Œ ็†ฑใ„่ญฐ่ซ–ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็†ฑใ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:25
Sometimes it can.
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ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€‚
05:26
Get very.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅพ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:27
Passionate of the form of being.
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ๅญ˜ๅœจใฎๅฝขใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๆƒ…็†ฑใ€‚
05:29
Very aggressive or?
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ”ปๆ’ƒ็š„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:31
Angry even when you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ‚‚ใ€‚ ใ‚’
05:32
Share your.
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ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:33
Opinion, so just keep that in mind.
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ๆ„่ฆ‹ใงใ™ใฎใงใ€ใใฎ็‚นใ ใ‘ใฏ้ ญใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:35
Sometimes it can be used more in a negative.
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ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:38
Way to show.
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่ฆ‹ใ›ๆ–นใ€‚
05:39
Some anger involved in it.
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ใใ“ใซใฏๅคšๅฐ‘ใฎๆ€’ใ‚ŠใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
05:41
Have hotly debated.
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็†ฑใ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:44
How the massive pyramids of ancient Egypt.
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ใชใ‚“ใจๅคไปฃใ‚จใ‚ธใƒ—ใƒˆใฎๅทจๅคงใƒ”ใƒฉใƒŸใƒƒใƒ‰ใ€‚
05:48
Were built.
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ๅปบใฆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:49
And I'm sure you know that.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:50
Massive is.
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ใƒžใƒƒใ‚ทใƒ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:52
An alternative?
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ไปฃๆ›ฟๆกˆ?
05:53
To the word very big or very large.
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้žๅธธใซๅคงใใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏ้žๅธธใซๅคงใใ„ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซใ€‚
05:56
But it sounds more impactful to use one  word massive instead of saying very.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ€Œ้žๅธธใซใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œๅคง้‡ใ€ใจใ„ใ† 1 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸๆ–นใŒใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚คใƒณใƒ‘ใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
06:02
Big or very large?
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ๅคงใใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚้žๅธธใซๅคงใใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?
06:05
Other alternatives are gigantic or even huge.
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ไป–ใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใฏๅทจๅคงใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅทจๅคงใงใ™ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:10
Although huge.
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ๅทจๅคงใงใ™ใŒใ€‚
06:11
Is a simple.
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ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
06:12
Word it still.
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ใพใ ่จ€่‘‰ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:14
Has more of an impact than saying.
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่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ‚คใƒณใƒ‘ใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:17
Very large.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅคงใใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:18
Wow.
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ใŠใŠใ€‚
06:19
Huge.
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ๅทจๅคงใชใ€‚
06:20
That sounds more dramatic than saying very.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒžใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
06:22
Large or very?
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ๅคงใใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใจใฆใ‚‚ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:23
Big.
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ๅคงใใ„ใ€‚
06:24
So now you have 3 alternatives that you can  use and you can use this in different contexts.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ไปฃๆ›ฟๆ‰‹ๆฎตใŒ 3 ใคใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็Šถๆณใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:30
We have a huge problem we.
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็งใŸใกใซใฏๅคงใใชๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:32
Have a huge.
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ๅทจๅคงใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:33
Project We have a massive.
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ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฏๅคง่ฆๆจกใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:37
Stack of papers to file.
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ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒซใ™ใ‚‹ๆ›ธ้กžใฎๅฑฑใ€‚
06:40
Now a team of engineers and.
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็พๅœจใฏใ‚จใƒณใ‚ธใƒ‹ใ‚ขใฎใƒใƒผใƒ ใจใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:42
Geologists.
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ๅœฐ่ณชๅญฆ่€…ใ€‚
06:43
Ah, where's?
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใฉใ“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:44
That syllable stress, well, you know.
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ใ‚ใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎๅผท่ชฟใฏใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
06:47
Right, Geologist, Geologist.
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ใใ†ใ ใ‚ˆใ€ๅœฐ่ณชๅญฆ่€…ใ€ๅœฐ่ณชๅญฆ่€…ใ€‚
06:51
So that's where our syllable stress is.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ“ใซ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
06:54
Engineers and Geologists brings a new.
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ใ‚จใƒณใ‚ธใƒ‹ใ‚ขใจๅœฐ่ณชๅญฆ่€…ใŒๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ‚‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†
06:58
Theory to the.
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06:58
Table.
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็†่ซ–ใธใ€‚
ใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใ€‚
06:59
First of all, let's look at this.
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ใพใšใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:00
Verb.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚
07:01
The verb.
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07:01
To bring but notice there is  an S on here and you might be  
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚
ใ“ใ“ใซ S ใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๅฝ“็คพใซใฏใ‚จใƒณใ‚ธใƒ‹ใ‚ขใจๅœฐ่ณชๅญฆ่€…ใŒ
07:06
a little confused because we have  engineers and we have geologists.
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ใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆททไนฑใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
07:10
Which is they?
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ใฉใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:11
The subject they.
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ไธป้กŒใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:13
But the subject in this sentence?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:15
Is actually.
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ๅฎŸใฏใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:16
A team.
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ใƒใƒผใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:17
A team is.
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ใƒใƒผใƒ ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€‚
07:18
The subject.
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ไธป้กŒใ€‚
07:19
A team brings a new theory and  a team in America in English.
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ใƒใƒผใƒ ใŒๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็†่ซ–ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใ€ ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใƒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:25
Is a collective.
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้›†ๅˆไฝ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:26
Noun is conjugated as the subject it so this.
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ๅ่ฉžใฏไธป่ชžใจใ—ใฆๆดป็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:31
Of tells you who.
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่ชฐใŒ่ชฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
07:33
Represents the team, but it's  not the subject the subject.
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ใƒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ไปฃ่กจใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ ไธป่ชžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใฏ
07:37
Is.
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ใ€‚
07:38
A team and to bring a new.
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ใƒใƒผใƒ ใจๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ‚‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:40
Theory to the table.
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็†่ซ–ใ‚’ใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใซใ€‚
07:42
In this case, to the table simply means to the  discussion, whatever discussion you're having,  
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใธใ€ใจใฏๅ˜ใซใ€Œ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ญฐ่ซ–ใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€
07:48
because commonly discussions  take place at boardroom tables.
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ่ญฐ่ซ–ใฏ ๅฝนๅ“กๅฎคใฎใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใง่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:53
But you you can use this expression  in any case, you don't have to be.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใฏ ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฟ…ใšไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:57
Sitted at a.
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ใซๅบงใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:59
Table in order.
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ใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใ‚’้ †็•ชใซไธฆในใพใ™ใ€‚
08:01
To use this.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใซใฏใ€‚
08:03
So and bring simply means to  introduce, suggest, propose.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ and Bring ใฏๅ˜ใซใ€Œ ็ดนไป‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ๆๆกˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ๆๆกˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
08:08
Or.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€‚
08:09
As we learned.
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08:09
Previously float although.
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็งใŸใกใŒๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚
ไปฅๅ‰ใฏๆตฎใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€‚
08:11
As I said previously, it isn't  the most common and I would.
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ๅ‰ใซ่ฟฐในใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€็งใ‚‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:16
Stick with.
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ๅ›บๅŸทใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:17
Any of.
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08:17
The first three.
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ใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ€‚
ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ 3 ใคใ€‚
08:19
So what is?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:20
This new theory that they brought to the table,  
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใซๆŒใก่พผใ‚“ใ ใ“ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็†่ซ–ใ€
08:24
that they introduced to the  discussion, well, the new theory.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่ญฐ่ซ–ใซๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ—ใŸ ใ€ใพใ‚ใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็†่ซ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:29
Is a hydraulic.
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ๆฒนๅœงๅผใงใ™ใ€‚
08:30
Lift device that would have.
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ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ‚ใ‚ใ†ใƒชใƒ•ใƒˆ่ฃ…็ฝฎใ€‚ ใ‚’
08:33
Floated the.
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ๆตฎใ‹ใ›ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:34
Heavy stones up using stored water.
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้‡ใ„็Ÿณใฏ่ฒฏใ‚ใŸๆฐดใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๅผ•ใไธŠใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:39
So now I understand why they.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ไปŠใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใใฎ็†็”ฑใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:42
Use the word float.
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ใƒ•ใƒญใƒผใƒˆใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:44
In the headline because float has  another meaning in English, which means.
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่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€float ใซใฏ ่‹ฑ่ชžใงๅˆฅใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:52
Well, it's the opposite.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้€†ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:53
Of sync.
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ๅŒๆœŸใฎใ€‚
08:54
So if I take this pen and I put it into this.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŒใ“ใฎใƒšใƒณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€‚
09:00
Full cup of.
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ไธ€ๆฏไธ€ๆฏใ€‚
09:01
Tea with water, will it sink?
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ๆฐดๅ‰ฒใ‚ŠใฎใŠ่Œถใ€ๆฒˆใฟใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:04
Or will it float?
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๆตฎใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:07
A classic experiment.
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ๅคๅ…ธ็š„ใชๅฎŸ้จ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:08
That little kids.
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ใ‚ใฎๅฐใ•ใชๅญไพ›ใŸใกใ‚ˆใ€‚
09:09
Have fun doing.
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ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ‚„ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:10
Or at least I did.
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ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚็งใฏใใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:12
I had fun doing that experiment.
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็งใฏใใฎๅฎŸ้จ“ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๆฅฝใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
09:14
So float means to remain on.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒ•ใƒญใƒผใƒˆใจใฏใ€Œใ‚ชใƒณใฎใพใพใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
09:17
The surface of water.
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ๆฐด้ขใ€‚
09:20
So they're being.
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09:20
Clever by.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ†ใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
่ณขใ„ใ‚ˆใ€‚
09:21
Using the word float a new theory because.
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ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจๆ–ฐใŸใช่ชฌใŒๆตฎไธŠใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:25
The theory is that the rocks float though.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๅฒฉใฏๆตฎใใจใ„ใ†็†่ซ–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:30
These heavy stones float on  water because remember I said.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้‡ใ„็Ÿณใฏๆฐดใซๆตฎใ‹ใณใพใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:34
To.
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09:34
Float An idea exists in English, but it isn't the  most common, so they're using it simply to make.
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ใซใ€‚
Float ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใงๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใฏใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ˜ใซไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจ
09:42
A joke which is called a.
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ๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใ€‚
09:44
Pun, a play on words when you  use one word in different ways,  
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ใƒ€ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒฌใจใฏใ€ 1 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฎ่จ€่‘‰้Šใณใงใ€
09:50
in this case hydraulic, it relates to.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏๆฐดๅŠ›ๅญฆใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:53
Water.
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09:53
So hydro, hydraulic hydro.
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ๆฐดใ€‚
ใคใพใ‚Šใƒใ‚คใƒ‰ใƒญใ€ๆฐดๅŠ›ใƒใ‚คใƒ‰ใƒญใ€‚
09:57
Represents water, so.
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ๆฐดใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™ใฎใงใ€‚
09:59
Hydraulic lift.
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ๆฒนๅœงใƒชใƒ•ใƒˆใ€‚
10:01
It uses liquid water or oil usually.
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้€šๅธธใฏๆถฒไฝ“ใฎๆฐดใ‚„ๆฒนใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:05
To generate power, and this is  only important to understand.
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็™บ้›ปใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
10:10
This article.
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ใ“ใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ€‚
10:11
Because this article.
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ใ ใฃใฆใ“ใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ€‚
10:12
Talks about using.
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ไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ่ฉฑใ€‚
10:13
Water A hydraulic lift device to float.
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ๆฐด ๆตฎไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๆฒนๅœงใƒชใƒ•ใƒˆ่ฃ…็ฝฎใ€‚
10:18
These heavy stones up.
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ใ“ใฎ้‡ใ„็ŸณใŒไธŠใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:20
Are you enjoying this lesson?
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:22
If you are, then I want.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใใ†ใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:23
To tell you about the.
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ใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:25
Finely fluent Academy.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆตๆšขใชใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒผใ€‚
10:27
This is my.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
10:28
Premium training program where we  study native English speakers from TV.
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ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ—ใƒฌใƒŸใ‚ขใƒ  ใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ€‚
10:33
The movies.
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใ€‚
10:34
YouTube.
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ใƒฆใƒผใƒใƒฅใƒผใƒ–ใ€‚
10:35
And the news so you can improve  your listening skills of fast.
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ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใ“ใจใงใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’็ด ๆ—ฉใๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
10:39
English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ€‚
10:40
Expand your vocabulary with natural  expressions and learn advanced grammar easily.
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่‡ช็„ถใช่กจ็พใง่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅข—ใ‚„ใ— ใ€้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’็ฐกๅ˜ใซๅญฆใณใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:45
Plus, you'll have me as your personal coach.
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€็งใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฐ‚ๅฑžใ‚ณใƒผใƒใจใ—ใฆ่ฟŽใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:49
You can look in the description for  the link to learn more or you can go.
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่ฉณ็ดฐใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚’ๅ‚็…งใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€็›ดๆŽฅใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:53
To my.
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10:53
Website and click on Finally Fluent Academy now.
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็งใธใ€‚
ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใ‚’้–‹ใใ€ไปŠใ™ใใ€ŒFinally Fluent Academyใ€ใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:57
Let's continue.
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็ถšใ‘ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:58
With our lesson while the theory.
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็†่ซ–ใ‚’่ธใพใˆใชใŒใ‚‰ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:00
Is an ingenious solution.
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็‹ฌๅ‰ต็š„ใช่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:03
Ingenious.
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็‹ฌๅ‰ต็š„ใ€‚
11:04
Repeat after me.
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็ถšใ„ใฆ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:05
Ingenious.
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็‹ฌๅ‰ต็š„ใ€‚
11:07
Ingenious.
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็‹ฌๅ‰ต็š„ใ€‚
11:10
This is an adjective, and it's.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚
11:12
Used with both people.
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ไธกๆ–นใฎไบบใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
11:14
And things I'm sure you can understand the meaning  
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œ็‹ฌๅ‰ต็š„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰
11:17
because you see the word genius in the  word ingenious, so very intelligent and.
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ใฎไธญใซใ€Œๅคฉๆ‰ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:23
Skillful.
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ไธŠๆ‰‹ใ„ใ€‚
11:24
But you can use it to describe a thing in this.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:28
Case the hydraulic lift to lift the heavy.
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ๆฒนๅœงใƒชใƒ•ใƒˆใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ้‡้‡็‰ฉใ‚’ๆŒใกไธŠใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:32
Stones to float the heavy  stones, that's ingenious.
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้‡ใ„็Ÿณใ‚’ๆตฎใ‹ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ็Ÿณ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็‹ฌๅ‰ต็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:37
So it's skillfully made or planned or simply.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅทงๅฆ™ใซไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ‹ใ€่จˆ็”ป็š„ใซไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ‹ใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใซไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚’
11:40
Uses a.
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ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:41
Really.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€‚
11:42
Intelligent method.
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ใ‚คใƒณใƒ†ใƒชใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใƒˆใชๆ–นๆณ•ใ€‚
11:43
Or idea.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ€‚
11:45
So you could say this lesson is ingenious.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ็‹ฌๅ‰ต็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
11:49
This method of studying  using the news and analyzing,  
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ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ—ใฆๅˆ†ๆžใ—ใ€็พๅฎŸไธ–็•Œใฎ็Šถๆณ
11:53
learning the language how it's used in  a real world situation is ingenious.
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ใง่จ€่ชžใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€ ็‹ฌๅ‰ต็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:59
I certainly hope you think so.
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็ขบใ‹ใซใใ†ๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:01
So if you do just.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€‚
12:03
Put the word.
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่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:04
Ingenious, Ingenious.
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็‹ฌๅ‰ต็š„ใ€็‹ฌๅ‰ต็š„ใ€‚
12:06
It will help you remember it.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
12:08
Put Ingenious in the comments.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใ€Œ็‹ฌๅ‰ต็š„ใ€ใจๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:12
While the theory.
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็†่ซ–ใงใ™ใŒใ€‚
12:13
Is an ingenious solution some.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็‹ฌๅ‰ต็š„ใช่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:16
Egyptologists.
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ใ‚จใ‚ธใƒ—ใƒˆๅญฆ่€…ใ€‚
12:17
Remember that syllable.
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ใใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:18
Stress Ologist.
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ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นๅญฆ่€…ใ€‚
12:20
Egyptologists.
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ใ‚จใ‚ธใƒ—ใƒˆๅญฆ่€…ใ€‚
12:21
Aren't convinced as a more.
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ใใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใจใ—ใฆใฏ็ดๅพ—ใŒใ„ใ‹ใชใ„ใ€‚
12:25
Widely believed theory is that the.
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ๅบƒใไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹็†่ซ–ใฏใ€ ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:27
Ancient Egyptians remember this pronunciation.
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ๅคไปฃใ‚จใ‚ธใƒ—ใƒˆไบบใฏใ“ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:31
Ancient, ancient, ancient Egyptians used ramps.
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ๅคไปฃใ€ๅคไปฃใ€ๅคไปฃใ‚จใ‚ธใƒ—ใƒˆไบบใฏใ‚นใƒญใƒผใƒ—ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:36
To put the heavy.
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้‡ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็ฝฎใใŸใ‚ใ€‚
12:37
Blocks in place.
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ๆ‰€ๅฎšใฎไฝ็ฝฎใซใƒ–ใƒญใƒƒใ‚ฏใŒ้…็ฝฎใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:39
Notice here for the sentence structure that.
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ใ“ใ“ใงๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใงใ™
12:42
It's to.
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ใ€‚
12:43
Be convinced.
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็ดๅพ—ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:45
So convinced functions as  the adjective and then your.
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So็ดๅพ—ใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ— ใ€ใใฎๅพŒใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจใ—ใฆๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:49
Verb is to be which.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใฉใ‚Œใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:50
You need to conjugate.
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ๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:51
With your.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ€‚
12:52
Subject in this.
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ใ“ใฎไธญใฎไธป้กŒใ€‚
12:53
Case they, they.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€‚
12:55
Are convinced, but it's the negative.
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็ดๅพ—ใฏใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
12:58
They aren't convinced, they aren't convinced.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็ดๅพ—ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€็ดๅพ—ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
13:02
So in this case, convinced.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ็ดๅพ—ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ้žๅธธใซๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ„ T ใŒ
13:05
Notice that pronunciation  a very soft T at the end.
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็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
13:08
Convinced, convinced.
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็ดๅพ—ใ€็ดๅพ—ใ€‚
13:12
This is the adjective form.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
13:14
But you can also use the verb  convince as an active verb form.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž convince ใ‚’่ƒฝๅ‹•ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅฝขใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:19
So in this case something or  someone convinces someone so you.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใพใŸใฏ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ใใ†่ชฌๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
13:27
Could say this.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
13:28
Lesson.
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ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ€‚
13:29
The one you're watching right now.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไปŠ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚
13:31
This lesson convinced me.
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ใ“ใฎๆ•™่จ“ใฏ็งใซ็ขบไฟกใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:34
Now this is in the past simple verb.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใฎๅ˜็ด”ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
13:37
It's not an adjective form.
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžๅฝขใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:39
It's conjugated in the past simple.
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้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ‚’ๅ˜็ด”ใซๆดป็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:42
This lesson convinced me that learning  English with the news is ingenious.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ€ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใง่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใฎใฏ็‹ฌๅ‰ต็š„ใ ใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
13:49
A very effective method.
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้žๅธธใซๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:52
Hopefully.
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ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‘ใฐใ€‚
13:53
You think that again?
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ใพใŸใใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
13:54
Put ingenious in in the comments.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ็‹ฌๅ‰ต็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆ›ธใ่พผใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œ
13:56
If you do.
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ใฐใ€‚
13:58
Now widely believed.
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ไปŠใงใฏๅบƒใไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:59
I really like this to.
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็งใฏใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
14:01
Describe a theory.
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็†่ซ–ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:02
Or an idea?
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:04
Or a.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€
14:05
General truth You could also.
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็œŸๅฎŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
14:08
Say generally.
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:09
Accepted a more as a more generally.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใจใ—ใฆๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
14:13
Accepted theory.
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ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹็†่ซ–ใ€‚
14:14
Generally accepted methodology widely believed.
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ไธ€่ˆฌใซๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•่ซ–ใฏๅบƒใไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:19
Theory now a ramp.
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็†่ซ–ใฏไปŠใ€ใƒฉใƒณใƒ—ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:23
Is if these are.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:25
Steps.
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—ใ€‚
14:26
Some people find it.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:28
Difficult to walk up steps, so there's usually.
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้šŽๆฎตใ‚’ไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ€้€šๅธธใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:31
On the side is a ramp, so a ramp.
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ๆจชใซใ‚นใƒญใƒผใƒ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ‚นใƒญใƒผใƒ—ใ€‚
14:34
Is a elevated structure that gradually.
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ๅพใ€…ใซ้ซ˜ใใชใฃใฆใ„ใๆง‹้€ ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:37
Inclines so.
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ใใ†ๅ‚พใ„ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚
14:38
It's easier to.
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็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:39
Walk for some people up a ramp.
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ไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฎไบบใ€…ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ‚นใƒญใƒผใƒ—ใ‚’ไธŠใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:41
Compared to.
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ใซๆฏ”ในใ€‚
14:43
Steps.
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—ใ€‚
14:45
So in this case, they're saying some people.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฎไบบใ€…ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
14:48
Who study Egypt?
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่ชฐใŒใ‚จใ‚ธใƒ—ใƒˆใ‚’็ ”็ฉถใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:50
Egyptologists.
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ใ‚จใ‚ธใƒ—ใƒˆๅญฆ่€…ใ€‚
14:52
Aren't convinced?
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็ดๅพ—ใŒใ„ใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:53
Don't believe?
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ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„๏ผŸ
14:54
That the hydraulic lift is.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆฒนๅœงใƒชใƒ•ใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
14:56
How the heavy stones were stacked.
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้‡ใ„็ŸณใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ฉใฟไธŠใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใฎใ‹ใ€‚
15:01
They believe because.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
15:02
It's more.
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15:02
Widely believed generally.
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ไปฅไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚
ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซๅบƒใไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:04
Accepted that a ramp was used.
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ใ‚นใƒญใƒผใƒ—ใŒไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
15:08
What about you?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
15:09
Do you have an opinion on this this?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‹ๆ„่ฆ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
15:12
Theorized water.
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็†่ซ–ๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆฐดใ€‚
15:13
Treatment system.
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ๆฒป็™‚ใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใ€‚
15:15
So by saying it's theorized, it  means it's not proven as fact.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็†่ซ–ๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ ไบ‹ๅฎŸใจใ—ใฆ่จผๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:20
It's just.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใ ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:21
A theory.
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็†่ซ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:22
And the water treatment system represents the.
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ใใ—ใฆใใฎไปฃ่กจใจใชใ‚‹ใฎใŒๆฐดๅ‡ฆ็†ใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:25
Hydraulic lift.
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ๆฒนๅœงใƒชใƒ•ใƒˆใ€‚
15:27
That we talked about.
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็งใŸใกใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ€‚ ใใฎ
15:28
Before so just.
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ๅ‰ใซใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉใ€‚ ใ‚’
15:29
Think of an.
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15:29
Elevator.
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่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
ใ‚จใƒฌใƒ™ใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ€‚
15:31
But what's pushing?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไฝ•ใŒๆŽจ้€ฒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
15:32
The elevator up is, water pressure is.
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ใ‚จใƒฌใƒ™ใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใงไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ๆฐดๅœงใงใ™ใ€‚
15:36
Pushing the elevator up and in that elevator.
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ใ‚จใƒฌใƒ™ใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆไธŠใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใฎใ‚จใƒฌใƒ™ใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใซไน—ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฏ
15:39
Are.
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15:39
The Stones.
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ใ€‚
ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒณใ‚บใ€‚
15:40
That would be the water.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆฐดใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
15:42
Treatment system, but again, it's not a fact.
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ๆฒป็™‚ใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใงใ™ใŒใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:45
It's a theory.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็†่ซ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:47
So that's why they're saying theorized.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็†่ซ–็š„ใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
15:50
Let's practice this pronunciation theorize.
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ใ“ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณ็†่ซ–ใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ทตใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
15:53
So notice an unvoiced.
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ใใ“ใงใ€็„กๅฃฐ้Ÿณใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:55
TH you put.
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THใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ฝฎใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
15:56
Your tongue between your teeth theorized  theorized The theorized water treatment  
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ๆญฏใฎ้–“ใฎ่ˆŒ ็†่ซ–ๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ ็†่ซ–ๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ ๆฐดๅ‡ฆ็†
16:04
system would not only allow for  water control during flood events.
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ใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใฏใ€ๆดชๆฐดๆ™‚ใฎๆฐด็ฎก็†ใ‚’ๅฏ่ƒฝใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
16:10
But also.
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ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€‚
16:11
Would have ensured.
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็ขบไฟใ—ใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
16:12
Adequate water.
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ๅๅˆ†ใชๆฐดใ€‚
16:14
Quality and quantity.
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่ณชใจ้‡ใ€‚ ใฎ
16:16
For.
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16:16
Both consumption, consumption and irrigation  purposes and for transportation or construction.
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ใŸใ‚ใซใ€‚
ๆถˆ่ฒปใ€ๆถˆ่ฒปใŠใ‚ˆใณ็Œๆผ‘ใฎ ็›ฎ็š„ใจ่ผธ้€ใพใŸใฏๅปบ่จญใฎไธกๆ–นใ€‚
16:25
So they're seeing this.
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ใใ‚Œใงๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
16:26
Hydraulic lift.
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ๆฒนๅœงใƒชใƒ•ใƒˆใ€‚
16:27
The water treatment system  had many different purposes.
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ๆฐดๅ‡ฆ็†ใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใซใฏ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็›ฎ็š„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
16:31
You could consume it, drink it.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆถˆ่ฒปใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€้ฃฒใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
16:34
That's consumption to consume.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆถˆ่ฒปใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๆถˆ่ฒปใงใ™ใ€‚
16:38
That's where the.
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ใใ“ใŒใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:39
Word comes from for both consumption.
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่จ€่‘‰ใฏไธกๆ–นใฎๆถˆ่ฒปใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚’
16:42
Irrigation is when you use the.
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ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ็Œๆผ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:45
Water for agricultural purposes, so to.
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่พฒๆฅญ็”จๆฐดใชใฉใ€‚
16:48
Grow plants or to feed animals and  for transportation or construction.
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ๆค็‰ฉใ‚’่‚ฒใฆใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅ‹•็‰ฉใซ้คŒใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸใ‚Šใ€ ่ผธ้€ใ‚„ๅปบ่จญใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:54
So here they're talking about  transporting the heavy stones.
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ใ“ใ“ใงๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้‡ใ„็Ÿณใ‚’้‹ใถใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‹ใ‚‰
17:01
Let's review an advanced grammatical  structure from this section.
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้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
17:05
Not only.
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ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:07
But also.
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ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€‚
17:09
And in this case you need not only something,  
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ใใ—ใฆใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใฎใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:13
which we can say is not only  ** represents something.
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** ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่กจใ™ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
17:17
But also.
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ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
17:18
Something else but.
424
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ไปฅๅค–ใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใ€‚
17:20
Also.
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17:20
And we can verbalize on as but.
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ใพใŸใ€‚
ใใ—ใฆใ€on ใ‚’ but ใจใ—ใฆ่จ€่ชžๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
17:22
Also, why so?
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ใพใŸใ€ใชใœใใ†ใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
17:24
Listen to this example.
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ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
17:26
This lesson not only improves my vocabulary.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ็งใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:30
Think of everything you learned.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ™ในใฆใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
17:32
Already, but also.
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ใ™ใงใซใงใ™ใŒใ€ใพใŸใ€‚
17:34
Improves my pronunciation.
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็™บ้ŸณใŒๆ”นๅ–„ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
17:36
Think of.
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่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
17:37
The words that we've.
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็งใŸใกใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใ€‚
17:38
Reviewed for pronunciation so this  is a more advanced way of saying  
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็™บ้Ÿณใซใคใ„ใฆใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใช่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚
17:43
this lesson improves my pronunciation and  vocabulary or vocabulary and pronunciation.
436
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ็งใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใจ ่ชžๅฝ™ใ€ใพใŸใฏ่ชžๅฝ™ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:51
It emphasizes both more, so it's a  more advanced way of saying that,  
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธกๆ–นใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใช่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™
17:56
and it's when you want to add more emphasis  to the points so you don't always want.
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ใŒใ€่ฆ็‚นใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๅธธใซใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
18:02
To add that.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ๅŠ ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€‚
18:03
Emphasis.
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ๅผท่ชฟใ€‚
18:04
So use this when you want to add that emphasis  and it's a more advanced sentence structure.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅผท่ชฟใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจ ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
18:10
And if you agree with this point that this  lesson not only improves your vocabulary  
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ใ“ใฎ ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏ่ชžๅฝ™ๅŠ›ใŒๅ‘ไธŠใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใง
18:16
but also improves your pronunciation,  put yes, yes, yes, put yes, yes, yes.
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ใชใใ€็™บ้Ÿณใ‚‚ๅ‘ไธŠใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใฎ็‚นใซๅŒๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œ ใฏใ„ใ€ใฏใ„ใ€ใฏใ„ใ€ใฏใ„ใ€ใฏใ„ใ€ใฏใ„ใ€ใจๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
18:21
So I know you like this lesson and  I'll keep making them so put yes,  
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๅพŒใ‚‚ ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
18:25
yes, yes in the comments, the authors pointed.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใฏใ„ใ€ใฏใ„ใ€ใจ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่‘—่€…ใฏๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
18:29
To several prior studies.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ…ˆ่กŒ็ ”็ฉถใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ€‚
18:32
That found the Sahara desert saw  more regular rainfall, thousands of.
447
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ใใฎ็ตๆžœใ€ใ‚ตใƒใƒฉ็ ‚ๆผ ใงใฏ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซๆ•ฐๅƒๅ›žใฎ้›จใŒ้™ใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆ•ฐ
18:37
Years ago.
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ๅนดๅ‰ใ€‚
18:38
Than it does.
449
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ใใ‚Œใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ€‚
18:39
Today.
450
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€‚
18:40
So they're saying thousands of years.
451
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไฝ•ๅƒๅนดใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‰ใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š
18:43
Ago there was.
452
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ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
18:44
More water in the desert.
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็ ‚ๆผ ใซๆฐดใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจๅข—ใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚
18:46
So this was possible to have this hydraulic lift?
454
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๆฒนๅœงใƒชใƒ•ใƒˆใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใ ใฃใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
18:51
System this water treatment system let's  review this expression to point to and  
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ใ“ใฎๆฐดๅ‡ฆ็†ใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใ‚’ๅ‚็…งใ—ใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใ€
18:57
notice that someone points to something and it's.
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใจใ‚ˆใ
19:04
Used to say to.
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่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:05
Direct your attention towards something,  but that something is evidence.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๅ‘ใ‘ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่จผๆ‹ ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:09
Or support.
459
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ใพใŸใฏใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ€‚
19:11
So this evidence or.
460
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ใใ‚Œใงใ“ใฎ่จผๆ‹ ใ‹ใ€‚
19:12
Support is these.
461
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ใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใฏใ“ใกใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:13
Prior.
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ๅ‰ใ€‚
19:14
Studies.
463
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็ ”็ฉถใ€‚
19:15
With information how they're there  was more rain in the past and this.
464
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใใ“ใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ้ŽๅŽปใซใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจ้›จใŒ้™ใฃใŸใ—ใ€ไปŠๅ›žใ‚‚้›จใŒ้™ใฃใŸใ€‚
19:19
Supports the theory of the hydraulic lift.
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ๆฒนๅœงใƒชใƒ•ใƒˆใฎ็†่ซ–ใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:24
The landscape would instead  have resembled a Savannah,  
466
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ใ‚€ใ—ใ‚ใ€ใใฎ้ขจๆ™ฏใฏ ใ‚ตใƒใƒณใƒŠใซไผผใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
19:29
which could support more plant life than.
467
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎๆค็‰ฉใŒ็”Ÿๆฏใงใใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
19:32
Arid desert.
468
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ไนพ็‡ฅใ—ใŸ็ ‚ๆผ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
19:33
Conditions now since.
469
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ไปฅๆฅใฎไปŠใฎ็Šถๆ…‹ใ€‚
19:35
We.
470
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€‚
19:36
Focused on pronunciation.
471
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็™บ้Ÿณ้‡่ฆ–ใ€‚
19:38
Already, let's keep.
472
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ใ‚‚ใ†ใ€ใใฎใพใพใซใ—ใฆใŠใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
19:39
Doing that notice here.
473
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ใใฎ้€š็Ÿฅใ‚’ใ“ใ“ใง่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:41
Desert as.
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็ ‚ๆผ ใจใ—ใฆใ€‚
19:44
So you want that sound, that buzzing like a bee?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€่œ‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็พฝ้Ÿณใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹ใ‚ใฎ้ŸณใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
19:49
Desert, desert.
476
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็ ‚ๆผ ใ€็ ‚ๆผ ใ€‚
19:52
And let's compare this against.
477
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
19:54
Chocolate or sweets?
478
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ใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใจใ‹ใŠ่“ๅญใจใ‹๏ผŸ
19:56
At the end of a meal which is of.
479
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้ฃŸไบ‹ใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€‚
19:58
Course say.
480
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“่จ€ใ†ใ€‚
19:59
It out loud.
481
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ๅคงๅฃฐใง่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:01
Dessert.
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1320
ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใ€‚
20:02
Dessert.
483
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1240
ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใ€‚
20:03
Dessert.
484
1203880
1240
ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใ€‚
20:05
Desert sand.
485
1205120
2800
็ ‚ๆผ ใฎ็ ‚ใ€‚
20:07
Dessert, sweets, desert.
486
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ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใ€ใ‚นใ‚คใƒผใƒ„ใ€ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€
20:10
Sand desserts sweet, so remember that  pronunciation difference, however.
487
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ใ‚ตใƒณใƒ‰ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใฏ็”˜ใ„ใฎใงใ€็™บ้Ÿณใฎ้•ใ„ใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
20:17
There is debate.
488
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่ญฐ่ซ–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:18
On when exactly the climate  conditions were wetter.
489
1218560
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ๆญฃ็ขบใซๆฐ—ๅ€™ ๆกไปถใŒๆนฟใฃใฆใ„ใŸใจใใ€‚
20:23
Notice here the sentence structure is.
490
1223600
1960
ใ“ใ“ใงๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
20:25
There is debate.
491
1225560
1800
่ญฐ่ซ–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:27
And debate on so we need  that preposition on one of.
492
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใŒใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใซๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
20:32
The ways.
493
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840
ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€‚
20:33
That you know if you're fluent or  your fluency is high is if you can  
494
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒๆตๆšขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ ๆตๆšขๅบฆใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ€
20:39
take a sentence and change it and  use a different sentence structure.
495
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ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใฆใ€ ๅˆฅใฎๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:45
For example.
496
1245040
880
20:45
The structure, something to be debated,  is commonly used, so you can say.
497
1245920
5960
ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€‚
ใใฎๆง‹้€ ใฏใ€่ญฐ่ซ–ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ในใใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
20:51
However, when?
498
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ„ใค๏ผŸ
20:53
Exactly.
499
1253320
560
20:53
The climate conditions were wetter.
500
1253880
2440
ใใฎ้€šใ‚Šใ€‚
ๆฐ—ๅ€™ๆกไปถใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆนฟใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚
20:56
Is hotly debated, so all of.
501
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็†ฑใ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ™ในใฆใ€‚
20:58
This represents the something that is debated and  
502
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่กจใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
21:04
all of this as a subject is it so  that's why we have the verb to.
503
1264520
4640
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใŒไธป่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž to ใŒไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
21:09
Be as is because it is debated.
504
1269160
3520
่ญฐ่ซ–ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใใฎใพใพใงใ„ใ„ใ€‚
21:12
And if you wanted, you could add an  adverb, the one we learned before.
505
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ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€ ๅ‰ใซๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใŸๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
21:17
Hotly.
506
1277600
1080
็†ฑใใ€‚
21:18
Passionately, enthusiastically,  but sometimes even angrily.
507
1278680
5600
ๆƒ…็†ฑ็š„ใซใ€็†ฑๅฟƒใซใ€ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ๆ™‚ใซใฏๆ€’ใฃใฆใ•ใˆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:24
Is hotly debated.
508
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ๆฟ€ใ—ใ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:27
Let's continue.
509
1287560
960
็ถšใ‘ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
21:29
On the other hand, this is an excellent phrase to  
510
1289240
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ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰่ญฐ่ซ–ใ™ใ‚‹
21:33
have in your vocabulary when you're  having a debate when you're sharing.
511
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ใจใใซ่ชžๅฝ™ใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใฆใŠใใจใ‚ˆใ„ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใงใ™ ใ€‚
21:38
Your.
512
1298840
1000
ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ€‚
21:39
Opinion on something, or even when you're  doing something simple like talking about a.
513
1299840
5680
ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใชใฉใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ‚‚ใ€‚
21:45
Project Report.
514
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ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ€‚
21:48
Or even talking about your  vacation or your weekend.
515
1308080
4560
ใพใŸใฏใ€ ไผ‘ๆš‡ใ‚„้€ฑๆœซใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
21:52
So let's see how you can use this in a more  everyday situation, like talking about a vacation.
516
1312640
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไผ‘ๆš‡ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใชใฉใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ—ฅๅธธ็š„ใช็Šถๆณใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
21:58
You could say visiting Disney was amazing.
517
1318320
3680
ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚บใƒ‹ใƒผใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
22:02
And then you can provide one to three reasons.
518
1322000
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ใใ—ใฆใ€1 ใคใ‹ใ‚‰ 3 ใคใฎ็†็”ฑใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
22:05
Why it was?
519
1325600
1240
ใชใœใใ†ใชใฃใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
22:06
Amazing So.
520
1326840
760
ใ™ใ”ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
22:07
These are three positive.
521
1327600
1840
ใ“ใฎ3ใคใŒใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
22:09
Reasons because amazing is positive,  
522
1329440
3680
็†็”ฑใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€้ฉšใในใใ“ใจใฏใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€
22:13
but then you can say on the other hand  and you have to list something negative.
523
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6440
ใใฎไธ€ๆ–นใงใ€ ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ“ใจใ‚‚ๆŒ™ใ’ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
22:19
On the other hand, the wait lines were.
524
1339560
3280
ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ๅพ…ๆฉŸๅˆ—ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
22:22
So.
525
1342840
840
ใใ‚Œใงใ€‚
22:23
Long.
526
1343680
960
้•ทใ•ใ€‚
22:24
That could be.
527
1344640
800
ใใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
22:25
A negative.
528
1345440
1000
ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ
22:26
So this is how you can use the structure for even  
529
1346440
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใ€ไผ‘ๆš‡ใ‚„้€ฑๆœซใชใฉใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชใ“ใจใงใ‚‚ใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
22:29
something simple like your  vacation or your weekend.
530
1349280
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ใ€‚
22:33
On the other hand, and don't  forget the and make sure.
531
1353760
3680
ไธ€ๆ–นใงใ€ ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใšใซ็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
22:37
It's the right.
532
1357440
800
ใใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
22:38
Preposition.
533
1358240
760
ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€‚ ้€†ใซใ€S ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชใ„
22:39
You're not adding an S when you  don't need it, on the other hand.
534
1359000
5120
ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€S ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
22:44
Remember those words?
535
1364120
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ใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
22:45
Exactly.
536
1365760
1280
ใใฎ้€šใ‚Šใ€‚
22:47
On the other hand and notice you have  a comma before you state your point.
537
1367040
4800
ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ ่ฆ็‚นใ‚’่ฟฐในใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ‚ซใƒณใƒžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
22:51
Experts.
538
1371840
880
ๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใ€‚
22:52
Debate, so here.
539
1372720
1400
่ญฐ่ซ–ใฏใ“ใ“ใพใงใ€‚
22:54
Debate.
540
1374120
800
22:54
Is being used.
541
1374920
960
่ญฐ่ซ–ใ€‚
ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:55
As a verb, experts debate whether there would.
542
1375880
3520
ๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:59
Have been enough constant rainfall to fill up.
543
1379400
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ๆบ€ๆฐดใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใซๅๅˆ†ใช็ถ™็ถš็š„ใช้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:03
The structures.
544
1383080
1160
ๆง‹้€ ็‰ฉใ€‚
23:04
That would have.
545
1384240
840
ใใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
23:05
Supported the hydraulic.
546
1385080
2040
ๆฒนๅœงใ‚’ใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
23:07
Lift.
547
1387120
720
23:07
Remember that's.
548
1387840
960
ใƒชใƒ•ใƒˆใ€‚
ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
23:08
The elevator that.
549
1388800
1800
ใใฎใ‚จใƒฌใƒ™ใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ€‚ ็ฉบๅ €
23:10
Is powered by water, such as the  dry Moat, so this is an example of.
550
1390600
7320
ใชใฉใฎๆฐดใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅ‹•ใ‹ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธ€ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:17
One of the structures.
551
1397920
1480
ๆง‹้€ ็‰ฉใฎใฒใจใคใ€‚
23:19
That needed to be filled up a giant channel.
552
1399400
5200
ใใ‚Œใซใฏๅทจๅคงใชๆฐด่ทฏใ‚’ๅŸ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
23:24
Notice the pronunciation here.
553
1404600
1560
ใ“ใ“ใง็™บ้Ÿณใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
23:27
Channel, not channel, channel.
554
1407560
7360
ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ€ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใงใฏใชใใ€ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ€‚
23:34
And before we learned three  other adjectives that mean.
555
1414920
6520
ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ไป–ใฎ 3 ใคใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’ๅญฆใถๅ‰ใซใ€‚
23:41
Very big, very large.
556
1421440
2680
ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅคงใใ„ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅคงใใ„ใ€‚
23:44
Do you?
557
1424120
480
23:44
Remember.
558
1424600
480
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ๏ผŸ
่ฆšใˆใฆใ€‚
23:45
What those three are?
559
1425080
1960
ใใฎ3ใคใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
23:47
It was only a few minutes ago one of the.
560
1427040
2560
ใปใ‚“ใฎๆ•ฐๅˆ†ๅ‰ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
23:49
Best ways to?
561
1429600
760
ๆœ€่‰ฏใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏ?
23:50
Permanently remember is to  repeat information we had.
562
1430360
5120
ๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใซ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใ“ใจใฏใ€ ๅพ—ใŸๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
23:55
Do I remember?
563
1435480
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่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
23:56
We had massive, gigantic and Do you remember?
564
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็งใŸใกใฏๅทจๅคงใงๅทจๅคงใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
24:04
This.
565
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640
24:04
Small.
566
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440
ใ“ใ‚Œใ€‚
ๅฐใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใŒ
24:05
Word that has a.
567
1445120
1040
ใคใ่จ€่‘‰ใ€‚
24:06
Big meaning huge massive gigantic huge giant.
568
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6600
ใƒ“ใƒƒใ‚ฐใจใฏใ€ๅทจๅคงใชๅทจๅคงใชๅทจๅคงใชๅทจๅคงใชใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
24:12
So now you have 4.
569
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ใ“ใ‚Œใง 4 ใŒๅฎŒๆˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
24:14
You can add to your vocabulary a giant  channel channel that surrounds the  
570
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24:21
pyramids and nearby structures that the authors.
571
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่‘—่€…ใŒไฝœๆˆใ—ใŸใƒ”ใƒฉใƒŸใƒƒใƒ‰ใจใใฎ่ฟ‘ใใฎๆง‹้€ ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ›ฒใ‚€ๅทจๅคงใชใƒใƒฃใƒใƒซ ใƒใƒฃใƒใƒซใ‚’่ชžๅฝ™ใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
24:25
Believe.
572
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480
24:25
Collected water that helped.
573
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ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆบœใพใฃใŸๆฐดใŒๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใกใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
24:28
Power the elevator.
574
1468440
1560
ใ‚จใƒฌใƒ™ใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใซ้›ปๅŠ›ใ‚’ไพ›็ตฆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:30
When in use, the study authors agreed that  it's very unlikely that the system was.
575
1470000
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็ ”็ฉถ่‘—่€…ใ‚‰ใฏใ€ไฝฟ็”จๆ™‚ใซใฏใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใŒไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏ้žๅธธใซไฝŽใ„ใ“ใจใซๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
24:36
Filled with water.
576
1476840
1200
ๆฐดใงๆบ€ใŸใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:38
Permanently and argue it's more  probable that flash floods of  
577
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ๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฝ“ๆ™‚ ใฎ้‰„็ ฒๆฐดใŒ
24:43
the time could have supplied enough water.
578
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ๅๅˆ†ใชๆฐดใ‚’ไพ›็ตฆใงใใŸๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใจไธปๅผตใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:46
To support the hydraulic lift.
579
1486360
2120
ๆฒนๅœงใƒชใƒ•ใƒˆใ‚’ใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:48
During construction of the pyramid.
580
1488480
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ใƒ”ใƒฉใƒŸใƒƒใƒ‰ๅปบ่จญไธญใ€‚
24:52
Let's look at this and.
581
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
24:55
Argue in this.
582
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ใ“ใ‚Œใง่ญฐ่ซ–ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
24:57
Case.
583
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800
ๅ ดๅˆใ€‚
24:59
Argue means to state.
584
1499000
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Argue ใฏใ€Œไธปๅผตใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
25:01
Their theory or their?
585
1501680
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ็†่ซ–ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ็†่ซ–ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
25:03
Position.
586
1503760
920
ไฝ็ฝฎใ€‚
25:04
But argue is.
587
1504680
1400
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ญฐ่ซ–ใฏใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
25:06
Often used with.
588
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ใจไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
25:09
Couples or.
589
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ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใจใ‹ใ€‚
25:10
Even friends or.
590
1510160
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ๅ‹้”ใงใ‚‚ใ€‚
25:11
Colleagues to talk about to.
591
1511800
2720
ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๅŒๅƒšใ€‚
25:14
Have a discussion in a negative.
592
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ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช็ซ‹ๅ ดใง่ญฐ่ซ–ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
25:17
Way to talk to each other.
593
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3640
ใŠไบ’ใ„ใซ่ฉฑใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€‚
25:21
With anger or.
594
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ๆ€’ใ‚Šใจใ‹ใ€‚
25:22
Frustration.
595
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ๆฌฒๆฑ‚ไธๆบ€ใ€‚
25:24
But in this?
596
1524320
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใงใฏ๏ผŸ
25:25
Case they argue.
597
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒไธปๅผตใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€‚
25:27
It means they state.
598
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:28
They're.
599
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520
ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
25:29
Stating their theory.
600
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ็†่ซ–ใ‚’่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:32
So the word argue is being used in very  different ways because if I say my parents.
601
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ใพใฃใŸใ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒไธก่ฆชใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใใ†ใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
25:38
Always argue.
602
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ๅธธใซ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
25:39
Instantly there's negativity in that because.
603
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3160
ใ™ใใซใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใŒ็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
25:42
To.
604
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400
ใซใ€‚
25:43
Argue When parents argue, it sounds  like there's yelling, there's fighting,  
605
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4800
ๅฃ่ซ– ไธก่ฆชใŒๅฃ่ซ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ ๆ€’้ณดใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅ–งๅ˜ฉใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ€
25:48
they're screaming, it's negative,  but in this case, the scientists.
606
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ๆ‚ฒ้ณดใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ็ง‘ๅญฆ่€…ใงใ™ใ€‚
25:52
Argue this.
607
1552440
2080
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไธปๅผตใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
25:54
Means to present reasons or evidence to.
608
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2960
็†็”ฑใ‚„่จผๆ‹ ใ‚’ๆ็คบใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:57
Support whatever belief.
609
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ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชไฟกๅฟตใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:59
They have and it's more  probable probable talks about.
610
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
26:05
Probability.
611
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็ขบ็Ž‡ใ€‚
26:07
How likely?
612
1567400
1240
ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
26:08
Something is, so they're saying it's more.
613
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
26:11
Likely.
614
1571880
1000
ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€‚
26:12
It's more probable.
615
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1640
ใใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฎใปใ†ใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
26:14
That flash floods.
616
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ใใฎใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ‰ใ€‚
26:16
So a flash.
617
1576040
800
26:16
Flood is a.
618
1576840
880
ใใ‚Œใงใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ€‚
ๆดชๆฐดใฏใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
26:17
Flood that happens instantly.
619
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็žฌๆ™‚ใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ๆดชๆฐดใ€‚
26:21
However, this is also a  great word to have in your.
620
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใฆใŠใใจใ‚ˆใ„่จ€่‘‰ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
26:25
Vocabulary because without.
621
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่ชžๅฝ™ใŒใชใ„ใฎใงใ€‚
26:27
Even reading anymore just.
622
1587000
2440
ใ‚‚ใ†่ชญใ‚€ใ ใ‘ใงใ‚‚ใ€‚
26:29
Because they use however.
623
1589440
1720
ใชใœใชใ‚‰ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
26:31
I know they're going to introduce a  point that contradicts or contrasts.
624
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ็Ÿ›็›พใพใŸใฏๅฏพ็…ง็š„ใช็‚นใ‚’ๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
26:38
What they just said, however, there is.
625
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒไปŠ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใฏไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใ™ใ€‚ ้™้›จใจๆดชๆฐดใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใ‹ใ‚’
26:41
Still more research needed to know exactly  how much rainfall and flooding likely.
626
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ๆญฃ็ขบใซ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅคšใใฎ็ ”็ฉถใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ ใ€‚
26:48
Occurred.
627
1608320
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็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใŸใ€‚
26:49
During this time.
628
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ใ“ใฎ้–“ใ€‚
26:50
The authors noted.
629
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่‘—่€…ใ‚‰ใฏๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใŸใ€‚
26:51
In the study, so in this case they're saying.
630
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็ ”็ฉถใฎไธญใงใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
26:55
That flash floods, this is what is  likely or probable that's what they're.
631
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้‰„็ ฒๆฐดใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใŠใใ‚‰ใใใ†ใชใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
27:01
Arguing, that's what.
632
1621400
1400
่จ€ใ„ไบ‰ใ†ใ€ใใ†ใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ ใ€‚
27:02
They're.
633
1622800
1440
ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
27:04
Saying and using evidence or reasons to.
634
1624240
3080
่จผๆ‹ ใ‚„็†็”ฑใ‚’่ฟฐในใŸใ‚Šใ€ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚
27:07
Support it.
635
1627320
1000
ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
27:08
But they're saying that more research is needed,  
636
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ•ใ‚‰ใชใ‚‹็ ”็ฉถใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
27:11
which is a contrast to their last  point because they're saying flash.
637
1631960
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ็‚นใจใฏๅฏพ็…ง็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
27:16
Floods are very.
638
1636120
1280
ๆดชๆฐดใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
27:17
Likely more research is  needed to determine if flash.
639
1637400
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ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๅˆคๆ–ญใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่ชฟๆŸปใŒๅฟ…่ฆใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
27:22
Floods were the cause, however, so this is a very.
640
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆดชๆฐดใŒๅŽŸๅ› ใ ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚
27:25
Important word to have in your vocabulary  
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่ชžๅฝ™ใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใฆใŠใในใ้‡่ฆใชๅ˜่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
27:29
and here, the authors noted in the study this is  a more advanced or academic way of saying the.
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็ ”็ฉถใฎ่‘—่€…ใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใชใ€ใพใŸใฏๅญฆ่ก“็š„ใช่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
27:36
Authors said.
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่‘—่€…ใ‚‰ใฏ่ชžใฃใŸใ€‚
27:37
In the study, the.
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็ ”็ฉถใงใฏใ€.
27:38
Authors noted.
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่‘—่€…ใ‚‰ใฏๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใŸใ€‚
27:40
In the study.
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ๆ›ธๆ–Žใงใ€‚
27:41
And that's the end of our article.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใง่จ˜ไบ‹ใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
27:43
So what I'll do now is I'll read  the article from start to finish  
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใง่ชญใ‚€ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
27:47
and this time you can focus on my pronunciation.
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ไปŠๅ›žใฏ็งใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
27:50
How did ancient Egyptians  stack those heavy stones?
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ๅคไปฃใ‚จใ‚ธใƒ—ใƒˆไบบใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้‡ใ„็Ÿณใ‚’็ฉใฟไธŠใ’ใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
27:54
Scientists float.
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็ง‘ๅญฆ่€…ใŸใกใŒๆตฎใ‹ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
27:55
New theory for years.
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ไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็†่ซ–ใ€‚
27:58
Egyptologists have hotly.
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ใ‚จใ‚ธใƒ—ใƒˆๅญฆ่€…ใŸใกใฏ็†ฑๅฟƒใซใใ†ไธปๅผตใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
28:00
Debated.
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28:00
How the massive pyramids of ancient.
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่ญฐ่ซ–ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
ใชใ‚“ใจๅคไปฃใฎๅทจๅคงใชใƒ”ใƒฉใƒŸใƒƒใƒ‰ใ€‚
28:03
Egypt were built.
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ใ‚จใ‚ธใƒ—ใƒˆใŒๅปบ่จญใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
28:04
Now a team of engineers and  geologists brings a new.
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็พๅœจใ€ใ‚จใƒณใ‚ธใƒ‹ใ‚ขใจ ๅœฐ่ณชๅญฆ่€…ใฎใƒใƒผใƒ ใŒๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ‚‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:08
Theory to the table a hydraulic lift  device that would have floated the heavy.
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็†่ซ–็š„ใซใฏใ€ ้‡้‡็‰ฉใ‚’ๆตฎใ‹ใ›ใŸใงใ‚ใ‚ใ†ๆฒนๅœงใƒชใƒ•ใƒˆ่ฃ…็ฝฎใŒ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
28:13
Stones up using.
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็Ÿณใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:14
Stored water.
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่ฒฏใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๆฐดใ€‚
28:16
While the theory is an ingenious solution,  some Egyptologists aren't convinced as a more.
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ใ“ใฎ็†่ซ–ใฏ็‹ฌๅ‰ต็š„ใช่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใ‚จใ‚ธใƒ—ใƒˆๅญฆ่€…ใฎไธญใซใฏใใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใฎ่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฏ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใชใ„ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:22
Widely believed theory is that the.
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ๅบƒใไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹็†่ซ–ใฏใ€ ใงใ™ใ€‚
28:24
Ancient Egyptians use ramps to.
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ๅคไปฃใ‚จใ‚ธใƒ—ใƒˆไบบใฏใ‚นใƒญใƒผใƒ—ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
28:26
Put the heavy.
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้‡ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚
28:27
Blocks in place.
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ๆ‰€ๅฎšใฎไฝ็ฝฎใซใƒ–ใƒญใƒƒใ‚ฏใŒ้…็ฝฎใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:29
The theorized.
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็†่ซ–ๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚
28:30
Water treatment system would not only allow  for water control during flood events but  
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ๆฐดๅ‡ฆ็†ใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใฏใ€ ๆดชๆฐดๆ™‚ใฎๆฐด็ฎก็†ใ‚’ๅฏ่ƒฝใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ๆถˆ่ฒปใจ็Œๆผ‘ใฎไธกๆ–นใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใ€่ผธ้€ใ‚„ๅปบ่จญใซ
28:36
also would have ensured adequate water quality  and quantity for both consumption and irrigation  
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้ฉๅˆ‡ใชๆฐด่ณชใจๆฐด้‡ใ‚’็ขบไฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจ
28:42
purposes and for transportation or  construction, the authors pointed.
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่‘—่€…ใ‚‰ใฏๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใŸใ€‚
28:47
To several prior.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ๅ‰ใซใ€‚
28:48
Studies that found the Sahara Desert  saw more regular rainfall thousands.
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็ ”็ฉถใงใฏใ€ใ‚ตใƒใƒฉ็ ‚ๆผ ใงใฏ ใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซๆ•ฐๅƒๅ›žใฎ้™้›จใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใŒๅˆคๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
28:53
Of years ago than it does today.
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ไปŠใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚ๅ‰ใฎใ“ใจใ€‚
28:56
The landscape would instead  have resembled a Savannah,  
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ใ‚€ใ—ใ‚ใ€ใใฎ้ขจๆ™ฏใฏ ใ‚ตใƒใƒณใƒŠใซไผผใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ไนพ็‡ฅใ—ใŸ็ ‚ๆผ ใฎ็Šถๆ…‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚
29:00
which could support more plant  life than arid desert conditions.
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ๅคšใใฎๆค็‰ฉใŒ็”Ÿๆฏใงใใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
29:04
However, there is debate on when.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ„ใค่กŒใ†ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ่ญฐ่ซ–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
29:06
Exactly the climate.
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ใพใ•ใซๆฐ—ๅ€™ใใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚
29:07
Conditions were wetter, on the other hand.
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ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒƒใƒˆใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
29:11
Experts debate whether.
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ๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใฏใ€ใฉใ†ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
29:12
There would have been enough.
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ๅๅˆ†ใ‚ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
29:14
Constant rainfall to fill up the structures that  would have supported the hydraulic lift, such as.
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ไธ€ๅฎšใฎ้™้›จใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ๆฐดๅŠ›ๆšๅŠ›ใ‚’ๆ”ฏใˆใŸใงใ‚ใ‚ใ†ๆง‹้€ ็‰ฉใŒๆบ€ใŸใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
29:20
The dry Moat, a giant channel  that surrounds the pyramids and.
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็ฉบๅ €ใ€ใƒ”ใƒฉใƒŸใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ›ฒใ‚€ๅทจๅคงใชๆฐด่ทฏ ใ€‚
29:25
Nearby structures that the authors believe  collected water that helped power the elevator.
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่‘—่€…ใ‚‰ใŒ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹่ฟ‘ใใฎๅปบ้€ ็‰ฉใซใฏใ€ ใ‚จใƒฌใƒ™ใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใซ้›ปๅŠ›ใ‚’ไพ›็ตฆใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคๆฐดใŒๆบœใพใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚
29:31
When in use.
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ไฝฟ็”จๆ™‚ใ€‚
29:32
The study authors agreed that it's.
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็ ”็ฉถ่‘—่€…ใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใใฎ็‚นใงๅŒๆ„ใ—ใŸใ€‚
29:35
Very unlikely that the system was filled.
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ใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใŒๆบ€ๆฏใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏ้žๅธธใซไฝŽใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
29:37
With water.
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ๆฐดใงใ€‚
29:38
Permanently and.
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ๆฐธไน…ใซใ€‚
29:39
Argue it's more probable that flash floods.
688
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้‰„็ ฒๆฐดใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใจไธปๅผตใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
29:42
Of the time could have supplied enough.
689
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ๆ™‚้–“็š„ใซใฏๅๅˆ†ใซไพ›็ตฆใงใใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
29:44
Water to support the hydraulic.
690
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ๆฒนๅœงใ‚’ใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๆฐดใ€‚
29:46
Lift during construction of the pyramid.
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ใƒ”ใƒฉใƒŸใƒƒใƒ‰ๅปบ่จญไธญใฎใƒชใƒ•ใƒˆใ€‚
29:49
However, there is.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ้™้›จ้‡ใจๆดชๆฐดใฎ้‡ใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซ
29:50
Still more research needed to know  exactly how much rainfall and flooding.
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็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅคšใใฎ็ ”็ฉถใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ ใ€‚
29:55
Likely occurred.
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็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใŸๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
29:56
During this time.
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ใ“ใฎ้–“ใ€‚
29:57
The authors noted.
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่‘—่€…ใ‚‰ใฏๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใŸใ€‚
29:58
In the study.
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ๆ›ธๆ–Žใงใ€‚
29:59
Did you like this lesson?
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹? ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’
30:01
Do you want me to make more  lessons just like this?
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจไฝœใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸ ใใ†
30:03
If you do, then put yes, yes, yes,  put yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œyesใ€yesใ€yesใ€ใจๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใ€ใ€Œyesใ€yesใ€ yesใ€yesใ€yesใ€yesใ€ใจๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
30:08
In the comments.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ€‚
30:09
Below and of course, make  sure you like this lesson,  
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใ€
30:11
share it with your friends and  subscribe to your notified every  
703
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ใŠๅ‹้”ใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใ€็งใŒ
30:15
time I post a new lesson and you can  keep improving your English vocabulary.
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆŠ•็จฟใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใณใซ้€š็Ÿฅใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ—็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
30:19
This lesson right now.
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ไปŠใฎใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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