Sound more natural in English: Learn and practice 5 BACK VOWELS

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2017-03-09 ใƒป English with Emma


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Sound more natural in English: Learn and practice 5 BACK VOWELS

829,023 views ใƒป 2017-03-09

English with Emma


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:02
Hello.
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00:02
My name is Emma, and in today's video we are going to learn about pronunciation, specifically
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚จใƒžใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใง ใฏใ€็™บ้Ÿณใ€็‰นใซ
00:09
how to pronounce back vowels.
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้€†ๆฏ้Ÿณใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซใคใ„ใฆๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚
00:12
Okay?
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00:12
So, whether you are learning British English, Canadian English, American English, whatever
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใ€ ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใชใฉใ€
00:19
English you're learning, these sounds exist in all of them.
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ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ ้Ÿณใฏใ™ในใฆใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใซๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:23
Okay? So it doesn't matter what type of...
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใฎใงใ€
00:26
What dialect you're learning.
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ใฉใ‚“ใชๆ–น่จ€ใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:28
You will find these sounds in many different dialects.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้Ÿณ ใฏใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–น่จ€ใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
00:32
Okay, so to get started let's talk about: What are vowels?
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใงใฏ่ฉฑใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† : ๆฏ้Ÿณใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
00:38
So I have here "a", "e", "i", "o", "u", and sometimes "y".
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใฏใ€Œaใ€ใ€ใ€Œeใ€ใ€ใ€Œiใ€ใ€ ใ€Œoใ€ใ€ใ€Œuใ€ใ€ใใ—ใฆๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€Œyใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:46
These are what we call vowels in English.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆฏ้Ÿณใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎ ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:49
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:51
So, these make a certain type of sound where usually you...
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ๅ–‰ใฎๅฅฅใ‹ใ‚‰
00:56
You have a lot of air coming into your mouth from the back of your throat.
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ๅคง้‡ใฎ็ฉบๆฐ—ใŒๅฃใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใใพใ™ ใ€‚
01:00
So it's not so important how...
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š้‡่ฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
01:02
Like, what a vowel is.
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ใ€‚
01:04
The main thing is to remember that "a", "e", "i", "o", "u", and sometimes "y" are vowels.
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ไธปใชใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ€Œaใ€ใ€ใ€Œeใ€ใ€ ใ€Œiใ€ใ€ใ€Œoใ€ใ€ใ€Œuใ€ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€Œyใ€ใŒๆฏ้Ÿณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:10
Whatever is a letter that isn't one of these is called a consonant, so for example:
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ไปฅๅค–ใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฏ ๅญ้Ÿณใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐ
01:15
"s", "t", "d", "f".
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ใ€Œsใ€ใ€ใ€Œtใ€ใ€ใ€Œdใ€ใ€ใ€Œfใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:17
These are all consonants.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆๅญ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
01:20
Okay, so let's get started by looking at this and thinking: What is a consonant and what
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ ใ†: ๅญ้Ÿณใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹
01:25
is a vowel?
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?
01:26
So we have here the word: "drew".
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ใ“ใ“ใซ ใ€Œๆใ„ใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:30
Can you tell me: What is the vowel in this word: "drew"?
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ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„: ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹: "drew"?
01:35
If you said this, you're correct.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:37
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:38
The "d", "r", and the "w", they're consonants, and the "e" is a vowel.
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ใ€Œdใ€ใ€Œrใ€ใ€Œwใ€ใฏ ๅญ้Ÿณใ€ใ€Œeใ€ใฏๆฏ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
01:43
We have the word here: "foot".
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ€Œ่ถณใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:46
So what's the vowel?
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ใงใฏๆฏ้Ÿณใฏ๏ผŸ
01:49
In this case it's the o's and "f" and "t" are consonants.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ o ใงใ€ "f" ใจ "t" ใฏๅญ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
01:54
"Hello",
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€
01:57
the "e" is a vowel and so is the "o".
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ใ€ใ€Œeใ€ใฏๆฏ้Ÿณ ใงใ€ใ€Œoใ€ใ‚‚ๆฏ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
02:01
"All", in this case the "a" is the vowel.
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ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€Œaใ€ใŒๆฏ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
02:06
"Jaw", and "clock".
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ”ใ€ใจใ€Œๆ™‚่จˆใ€ใ€‚
02:14
Okay, so these are the different vowels in English.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆฏ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
02:17
Today we are going to be looking at four of the vowel sounds that happen in the back of
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€ๅฃ ใฎๅฅฅใง็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ 4 ใคใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ
02:24
your mouth.
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02:24
So I'll explain that in a second, but first I want you to look at these four words:
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๅพŒใปใฉ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใพใšใ€
02:30
"foot", "food", "foe", "flock".
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ใ€Œ่ถณใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้ฃŸ็‰ฉใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆ•ตใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็พคใ‚Œใ€ใจใ„ใ† 4 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:36
What is the same in these words?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใงๅŒใ˜ใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
02:39
If you look at the spelling,
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็ถดใ‚Šใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€
02:45
all these words have an "o" in the spelling.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใซใฏใ™ในใฆ ็ถดใ‚Šใซใ€Œoใ€ใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:49
Now, do we pronounce the "oo" the same way?
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ใงใฏ ใ€ใ€Œooใ€ใฏๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
02:53
Listen carefully.
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ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชž
02:54
Is the "o" pronounced the same in each of these words?
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ใฎใ€Œoใ€ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใฏ ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ‹?
02:57
"Foot", "food", "foe", "flock".
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ใ€Œ่ถณใ€ใ€Œ้ฃŸใ€ใ€Œๆ•ตใ€ใ€Œ็พคใ‚Œใ€ใ€‚
03:05
The "o" is actually pronounced differently in these words, which is why you can't always
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€Œoใ€ใฎ็™บ้ŸณใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚Š
03:14
depend on spelling in English to help you with your pronunciation.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅธธใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚นใƒšใƒซใซ้ ผใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
03:18
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:19
So I'm going to teach you how to...
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎ ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ใŠๆ•™ใˆใ—ใพใ™...
03:22
You know, some tips on how to do these different pronunciations and how to know when to pronounce
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’่กŒใ†ๆ–นๆณ•ใจใ€ใฉใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ใ„ใค็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆ
03:28
which sounds.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:31
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
03:32
So, before we get to these different vowel sounds we're going to practice today, I just
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆฏ้Ÿณใฎ้Ÿณใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹
03:37
wanted to tell you some general things about pronouncing vowels.
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:42
A lot of students, they don't know what they're doing with their mouth when they're pronouncing.
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ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใฏใ€ ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅฃใงไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ
03:47
It's very important to pay attention to what your mouth is doing and what your tongue is
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ใฏใ€ๅฃใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€่ˆŒใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ใ“ใจใŒ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆ
03:53
doing when you actually pronounce something.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:56
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:57
This will really help you improve your pronunciation.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซ้žๅธธใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:01
It's also a good idea maybe to use a mirror in order to look and become aware of what
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ใพใŸใ€้กใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ้ ˜ๅŸŸใŒ้Ÿณใ‚’ ๅ‡บใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„่€ƒใˆ
04:07
this area is doing to make the sound.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:11
So, when you're thinking about your lips it's important to think: Are your lips spread,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅ”‡ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใใฏ ใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ๅ”‡ใฏ
04:17
like: "cheese",
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ใ€Œใƒใƒผใ‚บใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅบƒใŒใฃ
04:20
or are your lips...?
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅ”‡ใฏ...?
04:21
So this would be spread.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅบƒใพใ‚‹ใ€‚
04:24
Or are your lips like closer together, like: "food", "oo"?
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ ใ€ใ€Œ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ€ใ€ใ€ŒใŠใŠใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅ”‡ใŒใใฃใคใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
04:30
"ee", "oo", notice the difference?
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ใ€Œใˆใƒผใ€ใ€ŒใŠใƒผใ€ ้•ใ„ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:34
So that's one thing to look at: Are your lips spread like "ee" or are they close together
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ”‡ ใฏใ€Œใ‚คใƒผใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅบƒใŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
04:40
like "oo"?
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ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒผใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใใฃใคใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
04:42
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:43
How open is your mouth?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฃใฏใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„้–‹ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:45
Is something you want to look at.
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่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใŸใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
04:46
Is it not very open, like: "oo"?
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ใ€Œooใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ‚ชใƒผใƒ—ใƒณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:52
Or is it very open, like: "ah"?
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้žๅธธใซใ‚ชใƒผใƒ—ใƒณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:55
Okay? How open is your mouth?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฃใฏใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„้–‹ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:59
The other thing you want to pay attention to is your tongue.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใŸใ„ใฎ ใฏ่ˆŒใงใ™ใ€‚
05:02
So, these are your lips.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ”‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:04
I'm not a great artist, I know.
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็งใฏๅ‰ๅคงใช่Šธ่ก“ๅฎถใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€็งใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:06
These are your teeth, this is your chin, your neck, and this red...
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆญฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ้กŽใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ฆ–ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ“ใฎ่ตคใ„
05:12
Red thing is your tongue.
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ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™...่ตคใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ˆŒใงใ™.
05:14
Is your tongue touching your teeth, is your tongue touching the top of your mouth, or
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่ˆŒใŒๆญฏใซ่งฆใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ‹ใ€่ˆŒใŒๅฃใฎไธŠ้ƒจใซ่งฆใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚
05:20
is your tongue hanging out kind of close to the back of your mouth?
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่ˆŒใŒ ๅฃใฎๅฅฅใฎ่ฟ‘ใใซๅž‚ใ‚Œไธ‹ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
05:25
For back vowels your tongue is going to be more towards the back, like this.
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ๅพŒๆ–นๆฏ้Ÿณใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€่ˆŒใฏ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅพŒๆ–นใซๅ‘ใใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:30
Okay? So your tongue is not where your teeth are.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่ˆŒใฏ ๆญฏใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:33
Your tongue...
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ˆŒโ€ฆ
05:34
If these are your teeth, your tongue is not touching your teeth.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆญฏใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ่ˆŒใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆญฏใซ่งฆใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:37
Your tongue is a little bit back.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ˆŒใฏ ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅพŒ้€€ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:40
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:41
Okay, so now we know what we need to pay attention to.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ไฝ•ใซๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Š ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:45
Now let's learn some of these back vowels and how to make them.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ ้€†ๆฏ้Ÿณใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใจใใฎไฝœใ‚Šๆ–นใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:50
Okay, so the first back vowel sound we're going to learn is the "oo" sound, "oo".
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ใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆ ใซๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹้€†ๆฏ้Ÿณใฏใ€Œooใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใ€ใ€Œooใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:59
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:00
So, again, your tongue should be not touching your teeth.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€่ˆŒใŒ ๆญฏใซ่งฆใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:03
Your tongue... If this is your teeth, your tongue is a little bit back.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ˆŒโ€ฆ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆญฏใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ˆŒใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๅพŒ้€€ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:08
Okay, so here is the spelling of this sound.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใŒใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใฎ็ถดใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
06:12
You might see it as two o's, "oo", it might be a "u"...
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2ใคใฎใ‚ชใƒผใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒผใ€ใจ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฆใ€ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“...
06:16
Oh, I put "u" again.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใพใŸใ€Œใ‚ฆใ€ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:18
"ue" sometimes, like "blue", "oo",
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ใ€Œueใ€ใฏ ใ€ใ€Œblueใ€ใ€ใ€Œooใ€ใ€
06:22
"o" and "e", "o" and "u", and "e" and "w".
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ใ€Œoใ€ใจใ€Œeใ€ใ€ใ€Œoใ€ใจ ใ€Œuใ€ใ€ใ€Œeใ€ใจใ€Œwใ€ใชใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:26
So there's many, many different spellings of this sound.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใซใฏ้žๅธธใซๅคšใใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹็ถดใ‚ŠใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:31
That's one reason why you can't use the spelling always to know how a sound is pronounced.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€้Ÿณใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใคใฅใ‚Šใ‚’ๅธธใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใชใ„็†็”ฑใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ ใ€‚
06:37
One thing you can use is something called the International Phonetic Alphabet or IPA
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ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฎ 1 ใคใฏ ใ€International Phonetic Alphabet ใพใŸใฏ
06:43
for short.
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็•ฅใ—ใฆ IPA ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
06:44
This is where you have a lot of different symbols, and each symbol actually is a sound.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใฏๅคšใใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ ่จ˜ๅทใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎ่จ˜ๅทใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
06:52
So, in the dictionary when you're looking at a word, sometimes they will actually have
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ่พžๆ›ธใงๅฎŸ้š›
06:59
the way to pronounce it and they will show you the International Phonetic Alphabet pronunciation.
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ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ›ฝ้š›้Ÿณๅฃฐ่จ˜ๅทใฎ็™บ้ŸณใŒ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
07:05
So this is a tool that can help you with your pronunciation.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใƒ„ใƒผใƒซใงใ™.
07:08
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:10
So, this is the symbol for the "oo" sound.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€ŒใŠใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใฎ่จ˜ๅทใงใ™ใ€‚
07:14
So if you ever look at the International Phonetic Alphabet and you see a word and it has this
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ๅ›ฝ้š›้Ÿณๅฃฐ ่จ˜ๅทใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ๅ˜่ชžใซใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅซใพ
07:19
in it, it's the "oo" sound.
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ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œooใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
07:23
So let's look at some examples of this sound.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
07:26
We have: "boot", "oo", "boot", "new", "due", "Luke"...
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ใ€Œbootใ€ใ€ใ€Œooใ€ใ€ใ€Œbootใ€ใ€ ใ€Œnewใ€ใ€ใ€Œdueใ€ใ€ใ€ŒLukeใ€...
07:35
If you think of Luke Skywalker and you think of Star Wars, "Luke", "too".
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ใƒซใƒผใ‚ฏใƒปใ‚นใ‚ซใ‚คใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใจ ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒปใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๆตฎใ‹ในใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ€ŒLukeใ€ใ€ใ€Œtooใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:41
Okay? These all have the same sound in them.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ ๅŒใ˜้Ÿณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:44
So I want you to think now about what your lips are doing, what your mouth is doing,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ”‡ใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ๅฃใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ
07:49
how big or how small your mouth is to help you with the pronunciation of this sound.
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ใ‹ใ€ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅฃใŒใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ๅคงใใ„ใ‹ๅฐใ•ใ„ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆ ใปใ—ใ„.
07:55
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
07:56
So, I want you to look at my mouth.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ็งใฎๅฃใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
07:59
"Oo", "oo".
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ใ€ŒใŠใ€ใ€ŒใŠใ€ใ€‚
08:02
What does my mouth look more like?
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็งใฎๅฃ ใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:04
Is it really big, and wide, and spread, or is it small?
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅคงใใใ€ๅบƒใ ใ€ๅบƒใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅฐใ•ใ„ใฎใ‹ใ€‚
08:09
Is it like this?
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ใ“ใ‚“ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:10
"Oo", "oo".
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ใ€ŒใŠใ€ใ€ŒใŠใ€ใ€‚
08:12
No. It's not like this.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:13
It's more like this.
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ“ใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:15
Okay? So you don't have a big mouth for this.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ“ใ‚Œใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๅคงใใชๅฃใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:19
These are my lips.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็งใฎๅ”‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:21
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:22
If you look at the side: "oo", they're curving upward or they're...
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ๅด้ขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€ŒใŠใŠใ€ใจ ไธŠใซๆ›ฒใŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ€
08:28
They're coming out.
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ๅ‡บใฆใใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:29
So if you want an example of this, think about a wolf: "oo", you know, when wolves howl,
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ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ชใ‚ชใ‚ซใƒŸใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟ ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒผใ€ใ€ใ‚ชใ‚ชใ‚ซใƒŸใŒ้ ๅ ใˆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒผใ€ใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
08:36
they go: "oo", okay?
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ใ‹?
08:38
That can help you with your lips.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ”‡ใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™.
08:41
So your lips should be curved and rounded.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ”‡ใฏ ๆนพๆ›ฒใ—ใฆไธธใฟใ‚’ๅธฏใณใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:46
Okay, now look at the actual size of the hole.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ็ฉดใฎๅฎŸ้š›ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:49
Is it like this or is it really big?
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅคงใใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:52
"Oo", "oo".
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ใ€ŒใŠใ€ใ€ŒใŠใ€ใ€‚
08:55
It's not big.
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ๅคงใใใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:57
My mouth...
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็งใฎๅฃ
08:58
There's a little, tiny hole so it's more like this.
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โ€ฆ ๅฐใ•ใ„็ฉดใŒ้–‹ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚“ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:01
Okay? So it's...
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใง
09:04
We have to check it off.
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... ็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:07
Now, listen to the sound: "oo".
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€ŒใŠใŠใ€ใจใ„ใ†้Ÿณใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:10
Is it a long sound or a short sound?
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้•ทใ„ ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ‹ใ€็Ÿญใ„้Ÿณใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
09:13
"Due", "blue", "Luke".
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ใ€Œใƒ‡ใƒฅใƒผใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒซใƒผใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒซใƒผใ‚ฏใ€ใ€‚
09:18
It's actually a bit of a long sound.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใฏ ๅฐ‘ใ—้•ทใ„้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
09:19
Now, if that's confusing to you, you'll see what I mean when you compare it to other sounds
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใซใใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ไป–ใฎ้Ÿณใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€็งใฎ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:24
because some other sounds are very short.
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ไป–ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ ้Ÿณใฏ้žๅธธใซ็Ÿญใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:26
This sound is a little bit longer.
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ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใฏ ๅฐ‘ใ—้•ทใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:28
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:29
So it's long.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰้•ทใ„ใ€‚
09:31
Okay, so let's do some practice of this sound, and again, use a mirror as a...
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€้ก
09:36
To help you so you can actually look at your lips and see what they're doing to make sure
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ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ... ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ ๅ”‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ๅ”‡ใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—
09:42
you're doing it correctly.
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ใฆใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:44
Okay, so I want you to repeat after me:
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09:47
"boot", "oo", "boot",
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ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œbootใ€ใ€ใ€Œooใ€ใ€ใ€Œbootใ€ใ€
09:53
"new", "new", "new".
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ใ€Œnewใ€ใ€ใ€Œnewใ€ใ€ใ€Œnewใ€ใจ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:57
So, again, think about the lips, they're not really big.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅ”‡ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟ ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๅ”‡ใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉๅคงใใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:02
"Due", "due", "due",
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"Due", "due", "due",
10:08
"Luke", "Luke", "Luke", finally:
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"Luke", "Luke", "Luke", ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ:
10:14
"too", "too",
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"too", "too"
10:16
and I'm going to give you one more: "blue", like the colour "blue".
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใ‚ใ’ใพใ™: "blue" ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ่‰ฒใฏใ€Œ้’ใ€ใ€‚
10:21
Okay?
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10:21
So, again, your lips are small, but they're protruding outward, they're rounded like a wolf.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ”‡ใฏๅฐใ•ใ„ใงใ™ ใŒใ€ๅค–ๅดใซ็ชใๅ‡บใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ชใ‚ชใ‚ซใƒŸใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไธธใใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:28
"Oo".
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ใ€ŒใŠใŠใ€ใ€‚
10:29
Okay, so now let's compare this to another back vowel sound.
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใ‚’ๅˆฅใฎๅฅฅๆฏ้Ÿณใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:34
Okay, this one: "u".
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œuใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:37
So we just did this is "oo", "u".
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œooใ€ใ€ใ€Œuใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:41
So hopefully you can hear a bit of a difference with that and you can see a difference in
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ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‘ใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใจๅฐ‘ใ—้•ใ„ใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€็งใฎ็™บ้Ÿณ ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
10:45
the way I pronounce this.
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.
10:47
Okay, so this sound can be spelt with two o's, along with a "u", just like this sound,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€Œuใ€ใจไธ€็ท’ใซ 2 ใคใฎ o ใงใคใฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹
10:54
so they actually have the same spelling, but they are different sounds.
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ใฎใงใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅŒใ˜ใคใฅใ‚Šใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚‹้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
10:58
Okay? So if you're ever unsure, look in the dictionary for the International Phonetic Alphabet spelling,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ๅ›ฝ้š›้Ÿณๅฃฐ่จ˜ๅทใฎใ‚นใƒšใƒซใ‚’่พžๆ›ธใง่ชฟในใฆ
11:04
and you will know which sound to use.
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใฉใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:07
So let's look at some examples of this sound: "book", "u", "book",
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† : "book"ใ€"u"ใ€"book"ใ€
11:13
"cu", "could", "u".
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"cu"ใ€"could"ใ€"u"ใ€‚
11:17
So this is a "u".
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใ†ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:20
"Oo", "u".
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ใ€ŒใŠใ€ใ€Œใ†ใ€ใ€‚
11:22
"Look", "cook", "stood".
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ใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ใ€Œๆ–™็†ใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œ็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ€ใ€‚
11:29
Okay? So it's a "u" sound.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œใ†ใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
11:33
Okay, so let's look at...
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ใงใฏใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†...
11:35
Actually to really compare before we get started on what your mouth is doing, I want you to
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฃใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ
11:39
say: "boot", now compare this to "book".
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ใ€ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒผใƒˆใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œๆœฌใ€ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
11:44
"Boot", "book".
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ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒผใƒˆใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใ€‚
11:47
So you might notice with your mouth: "boot", "book",
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฃใงๆฐ—ไป˜ใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ : ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒผใƒ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆœฌใ€ใ€
11:52
your mouth is kind of small for both of them. Right?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฃ ใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๅฐใ•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
11:56
"Book".
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"ๆœฌ"ใ€‚ ๅฃใŒๅบƒใŒใ‚‹
11:57
I'm not saying "blu-, book" where my mouth comes spread.
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ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒซใƒผใ€ใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
12:01
No, no, no. My mouth is small.
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ใƒ€ใƒกใƒ€ใƒกใƒ€ใƒกใ€‚ ็งใฎๅฃใฏๅฐใ•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:04
So it's not big like this, it's actually closer to this.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใปใฉๅคงใใใฏใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใซ่ฟ‘ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:10
Okay, so with this sound: "oo", you have a very small mouth...
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ€ใ€ŒใŠใŠใ€ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฐใ•ใชๅฃใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
12:14
A very small mouth and very small hole.
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... ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฐใ•ใชๅฃ ใจใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฐใ•ใช็ฉดใงใ™ใ€‚
12:17
For "book" the size is a little bit bigger, so it's bigger than this hole, but it's not
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ใ€Œๆœฌใ€ใฎๆ–นใŒใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ๅคงใใ„ ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใฎ็ฉดใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅคงใใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใปใฉๅคงใใใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
12:25
very big.
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ใ€‚
12:26
Okay? It's just a little bit bigger.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘ๅคงใใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:29
So, it's not super small, it's not large like "aw", it's somewhere in the middle.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ถ…ๅฐใ•ใใ‚‚ใชใ ใ€ใ€Œawใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅคงใใใ‚‚ใชใใ€ใใฎไธญ้–“ใใ‚‰ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:36
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:38
And the sound, I want you to compare these two sounds:
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ใใ—ใฆ้Ÿณใงใ™ใŒใ€
12:43
"boot", "book".
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ใ€Œbootใ€ใ€Œbookใ€ใฎ2ใคใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆฏ”ในใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:46
Which one is a longer sound?
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้ŸณใŒ้•ทใ„ใฎใฏใฉใฃใก๏ผŸ
12:48
"Boot", "book".
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ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒผใƒˆใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใ€‚
12:51
This one is longer.
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ใ“ใฃใกใฎๆ–นใŒ้•ทใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:54
"Boot" is a very short sound.
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ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒผใƒ„ใ€ใฏใจใฆใ‚‚็Ÿญใ„้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
12:57
Okay? Or, sorry.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใพใŸใฏใ€็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:58
"Boot" is a long sound.
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ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒผใƒ„ใ€ใฏ้•ทใ„้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
13:00
"Book.
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ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€‚
13:01
"Book" is a short sound.
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ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใฏ็Ÿญใ„้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚็Ÿญใ„้Ÿณใงใ™ใŒ
13:04
So it's shorter, whereas this one is longer.
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ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้•ทใ„้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
13:08
Okay, so let's practice the pronunciation now.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใงใฏ็™บ้Ÿณใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
13:12
"Book", "book", "book".
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ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใ€‚
13:18
Okay? And again, it's very short.
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.
13:20
"Could", "could",
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"could", "could",
13:24
"look", "look",
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"look", "look",
13:28
"cook", "cook",
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"cook", "cook
13:31
and notice I'm not smiling.
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" ๆฐ—ใŒใคใ‘ใฐ ็ฌ‘ใฃใฆใชใ„ใ‚ˆ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ
13:33
Okay? And my lips...
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๏ผŸ
13:35
For this one my lips are really like coming out, like "oo".
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใ€ใ€Œooใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
13:40
With this one my lips aren't.
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. ใ“ใ‚Œใง็งใฎๅ”‡ใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
13:41
"U", "u".
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ใ€ŒUใ€ใ€ใ€ŒUใ€.
13:43
They're flat.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅนณใ‚‰ใงใ™.
13:46
"Stood", "stood".
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ใ€ŒStoodใ€ใ€ใ€Œstoodใ€.
13:50
Okay.
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ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผ.
13:51
Great.
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13:52
So it's very...
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13:53
A great idea...
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13:54
It's a wonderful idea to actually compare some of these sounds to one another.
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... ๅฎŸ้š› ใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้Ÿณใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’ไบ’ใ„ใซๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ข
13:59
Okay? So, especially "boot" and "book", you can really start to notice some of the differences
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ใงใ™. ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹? ็‰นใซ "boot" ใจ "book" ใงใฏ
14:06
in what your mouth is doing.
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ใ€ๅฃใŒ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ้•ใ„ใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆฐ—ใฅใๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
14:08
Now let's look at some more back vowel sounds.
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจๅฅฅใฎ
14:11
Okay, so the next back vowel we're going to learn is "o", "o".
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ๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ๆฌกใฎๅฅฅใฎๆฏ้Ÿณ ใฏ "o", "o" ใงใ™.
14:17
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Š
14:18
So we've done two other ones already.
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ใพใ—ใŸ. ใ™ใงใซไป–ใซ 2 ใคๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
14:22
Here is the spelling.
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. ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็ถดใ‚Šใงใ™.
14:24
It might be in the shape of an "o", it might be "o" and "e", it might be "o" and "a", "ow",
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ใ€Œoใ€ใฎๅฝขใงใ€ใ€Œoใ€ ใจใ€Œeใ€ใ€ใ€Œoใ€ใจใ€Œaใ€ใ€ใ€Œowใ€ใ€
14:29
"o" and "e", so there's many different spellings for this.
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ใ€Œoใ€ใ€ใ€Œeใ€ใชใฉใ€ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ‚นใƒšใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:32
And the IPA symbol is an "o".
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ใใ—ใฆIPA ่จ˜ๅทใฏใ€ŒใŠใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:35
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
14:37
So what are some examples of this sound, "o"?
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ใงใฏ ใ€ใ“ใฎใ€Œoใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใฎไพ‹ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
14:41
Well, we have the letter "o", if you're thinking about the alphabet, we have
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใซใฏใ€Œoใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใƒซใƒ•ใ‚กใƒ™ใƒƒใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€
14:46
"go", "home",
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ใ€Œgoใ€ใ€ใ€Œhomeใ€ใ€
14:49
"road", "toe",
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ใ€Œroadใ€ใ€ใ€Œtoeใ€ใ€ใ€Œdontใ€
14:52
"don't", we also have the word "no".
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€ใ€Œnoใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ "ใ€‚
14:56
Okay? So this is a very common sound.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
14:58
It might even exist in your language.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่จ€่ชžใซใ‚‚ๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
15:00
"O".
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ใ€ŒใŠใ€ใ€‚
15:02
Okay, so I want you to think about what my mouth is doing.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ็งใฎๅฃใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹่€ƒใˆใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
15:05
First off, is it very spread like: "o", or is it kind of closed like: "o"?
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ใพใšใ€ใ€Œoใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้žๅธธใซๅบƒใŒใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใ€Œoใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้–‰ใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
15:13
"O".
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ใ€ŒใŠใ€ใ€‚
15:15
Yeah, "o", it's not spread, it's actually very small.
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ใˆใˆใ€ใ€ŒใŠใ€ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅบƒใŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ้žๅธธใซๅฐใ•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:20
Your mouth actually almost looks like an "o" shaped.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฃใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉ ใ€Œoใ€ใฎๅฝขใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
15:24
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
15:25
So, it looks more like this.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
15:27
Now, in terms of the size of it, "o", "o", is it a small hole or is it a very big hole?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใฎๅคงใใ•ใง่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ใ€ŒใŠใ€ใ€ŒใŠใ€ ใ€ๅฐใ•ใช็ฉดใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚้žๅธธใซๅคงใใช็ฉดใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
15:38
"O", "o".
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ใ€ŒใŠใ€ใ€ŒใŠใ€ใ€‚
15:40
It's actually kind of in the middle.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š› ใซใฏ็œŸใ‚“ไธญใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
15:42
It's not "oo", it's not very, very tiny, but it's also not "aw", very big.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œooใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€้žๅธธใซๅฐใ•ใ„ใจใ„ใ† ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ€Œawใ€ใงใ‚‚ใชใใ€้žๅธธใซๅคงใใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:48
So this is kind of...
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏโ€ฆ
15:49
Your mouth is kind of...
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ๅฃใฏโ€ฆ
15:51
Maybe if I draw this a little bit bigger, okay.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅคงใใๆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใ‹ใชใ€‚
15:56
So there's a little bit of hole there.
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ใชใฎใง ใ€็ฉดใŒๅฐ‘ใ—็ฉบใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:00
"O".
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ใ€ŒใŠใ€ใ€‚
16:03
Okay, another thing is: What are my lips doing?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅˆฅใฎใ“ใจใงใ™๏ผš ็งใฎๅ”‡ใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:06
Are they rounded or are they flat?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไธธใฟใ‚’ๅธฏใณ ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅนณใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:09
"O", "o".
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ใ€ŒใŠใ€ใ€ŒใŠใ€ใ€‚
16:11
Notice my lips are rounded.
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็งใฎๅ”‡ใŒไธธใใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:14
Okay? They come outward.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅค–ใซๅ‡บใพใ™ใ€‚
16:16
"O".
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ใ€ŒใŠใ€ใ€‚
16:17
They're not flat.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅนณใ‚‰ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:20
And the sound, is it long or is it short?
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ใใ—ใฆ้Ÿณใฏ ้•ทใ„ใงใ™ใ‹็Ÿญใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:23
"O".
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ใ€ŒใŠใ€ใ€‚
16:25
"Home", "home", "road".
273
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ใ€Œใƒ›ใƒผใƒ ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ›ใƒผใƒ ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ใ€‚
16:30
It's actually a long sound.
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ๅฎŸใซ้•ทใ„้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
16:33
Okay, so let's do some practice of this sound.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚
16:37
I want you to repeat after me.
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
16:39
"O", "o",
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ใ€ŒใŠใ€ใ€ใ€ŒใŠใ€ใ€
16:43
"go", "go",
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ใ€Œ่กŒใใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่กŒใใ€ใ€
16:47
"home", "home",
279
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ใ€Œๅฎถใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฎถใ€ใ€
16:50
"road", "road",
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ใ€Œ้“ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้“ใ€ใ€
16:54
"toe", "toe",
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ใ€Œใคใพๅ…ˆใ€ใ€ใ€Œใคใพๅ…ˆใ€ใ€
16:58
"don't", "don't".
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ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ "ใ€‚
17:01
Okay? Great.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅ‰ๅคงใชใ€‚
17:03
So now we're going to look at the last sound we're doing today.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
17:06
There's actually more back vowels.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ ใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ฃๆฏ้ŸณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:09
If you look at the differences between Canadian English, American English, British English,
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ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใ€
17:15
Australian English, some dialects have more vowels than others.
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ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒชใ‚ข่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ๆฏ้Ÿณใฎๆ•ฐใŒๅคšใ„ๆ–น่จ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:21
We're just doing actually more of the basics which all dialects have.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ–น่จ€ใŒๆŒใคๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ ใ€‚
17:26
Okay? So we're going to skip some back vowels that exist in British English, but don't exist
289
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ“ใง ใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใซใฏๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ใŒ
17:32
in Canadian English or American English.
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ใ€ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€่‹ฑ่ชž ใ‚„ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใซใฏๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใชใ„ๅพŒๆ–นๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒƒใƒ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:35
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
17:37
Okay, so we now have our last sound we're going to look at today.
292
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใงไปŠๆ—ฅ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใŒ ใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
17:41
This is actually a fun sound to make.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š› ใซไฝœใ‚‹ใฎใŒๆฅฝใ—ใ„้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
17:43
It's almost like you're going to the doctors.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅŒป่€…ใซ่กŒใใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
17:46
When a doctor says to you: "Open your mouth and say: 'Aw'",
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ๅŒปๅธซใŒใ€Œ ๅฃใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใฆใ€Žใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€
17:50
this is the sound you're making.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็™บใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
17:52
"Aw".
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ€‚
17:54
Okay, so it's a big sound.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅคงใใช้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
17:56
So this is the letter we use in terms of the International Phonetic Alphabet.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€ๅ›ฝ้š›้Ÿณๅฃฐ่จ˜ๅทใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:02
So if you're looking for the symbol that represents the sound,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€้Ÿณใ‚’่กจใ™่จ˜ๅทใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
18:06
this represents "aw" when you see that.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œawใ€ใ‚’่กจใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:10
Now, in terms of spelling, we can spell this with an "o" or sometimes we actually spell
302
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใคใฅใ‚Šใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใ‚’ใ€Œoใ€ใง็ถดใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›
18:15
it with an "a".
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ใซใฏใ€Œaใ€ใง็ถดใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
18:17
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
18:19
So I have here some different words that have this sound in it.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ“ใ“ใซ ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
18:24
We have: "clock", "aw", "clock", "doll"...
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ใ€Œclockใ€ใ€ใ€Œawใ€ใ€ ใ€Œclockใ€ใ€ใ€Œdollใ€...
18:29
And notice how big my mouth gets.
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ใใ—ใฆ ใ€็งใฎๅฃใŒๅคงใใใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
18:31
"Doll", "stop", "stop",
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ใ€Œใƒ‰ใƒผใƒซใ€ใ€Œใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใ€Œใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ€
18:36
"hot", "hot",
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ใ€Œใƒ›ใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใ€Œใƒ›ใƒƒใƒˆ
18:39
and "father", "father".
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ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒคใ‚ธใ€ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒคใ‚ธใ€ใ€‚
18:42
Okay? So, in all of these you'll notice my mouth is a lot bigger than, for example: "oo".
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใงใ€็งใฎ ๅฃใŒใŸใจใˆใฐใ€Œooใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅคงใใ„ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
18:49
"Aw", "oo".
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ€ใ€Œใ†ใ€ใ€‚
18:51
You see the difference?
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้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
18:53
So let's look at what the shape of my mouth is doing.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€็งใฎๅฃใฎๅฝขใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
18:57
Okay, so this is an "ah" sound.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใ‚ใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
19:00
Is it very spread, like "ahh"?
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้žๅธธใซๅบƒใŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
19:04
"Ah", no, it's not spread.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ€ๆ‹กๆ•ฃใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ€‚
19:07
It's actually more like, I draw it.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจ ไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆใใพใ™ใ€‚
19:17
So it's not spread like an "e" sound or an "ahh" sound.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ€Œใˆใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œใ‚ใƒผใ€ใจใ„ใ†้Ÿณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅบƒใŒใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
19:23
It's... My cheeks aren't going this way.
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ใใ‚Œใฏโ€ฆ็งใฎ้ ฌ ใฏใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
19:25
It's actually more inward.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจๅ†…ๅ‘ใใงใ™ใ€‚
19:28
"Ahh".
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ€‚
19:30
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
19:31
So it's more like this.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ“ใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:34
Now, in terms of the opening, is there a little opening or a big opening?
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ใ•ใฆใ€้–‹ใใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใง ใ€ๅฐใ•ใ„้–‹ใใจๅคงใใ„้–‹ใใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
19:39
"Aw".
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ€‚
19:40
Okay, it's a very big opening.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๅคงใใช้–‹ๅฃ้ƒจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใŸใ‚ใซ
19:43
Your mouth should be very big for this.
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ใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฃใฏ้žๅธธใซๅคงใใใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚
19:46
So it looks like this.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ“ใ‚“ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ€‚
19:48
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
19:49
So it's big and it's not spread, it's closer together.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅคงใใใฆๅบƒใŒใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ฟ‘ใใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
19:54
"Aw".
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ€‚
19:55
Now, I want you to compare this with a front vowel sound: "ahh", "ahh", "aw".
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ ๅ‰ๆฏ้Ÿณใฎใ€Œใ‚ใƒผใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใƒผใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใƒผใ€ใจๆฏ”ในใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
20:02
You see the difference?
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้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
20:04
And this is why it's very important to pay attention to what your lips are doing and
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ใ€ๅ”‡ใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€็™บ้ŸณใซใŠใ„ใฆๅฃใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใซๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ใ“ใจใŒ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹็†็”ฑ
20:08
what your mouth is doing in the pronunciation.
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ใงใ™.
20:11
Okay, now, is this a short sound or a long sound?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็Ÿญใ„ ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚้•ทใ„้Ÿณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
20:14
"Aw", "father",
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ใ€Œใ‚ใƒผใ€ใ€ŒใŠ็ˆถใ•ใ‚“ใ€
20:18
"stop", "aw".
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ใ€Œใ‚„ใ‚ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใƒผใ€ใ€‚
20:20
It's actually a long sound.
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ๅฎŸใซ้•ทใ„้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
20:24
Okay.
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20:24
So now let's do some practice with some of these words-okay?-to get the sound correct.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
20:30
I want you to repeat after me.
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
20:32
"Clock", "clock".
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ใ€Œๆ™‚่จˆใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆ™‚่จˆใ€ใ€‚
20:36
And again, if you're having trouble just remember going to the doctor's, you can start off with:
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ๅŒป่€…ใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
20:40
"aw", "clock",
346
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ใ€Œawใ€ใ€ใ€Œclockใ€ใ€
20:43
"doll", "doll",
347
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ใ€Œdollใ€ใ€ใ€Œdollใ€ใ€
20:47
"stop", "stop",
348
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ใ€Œstopใ€ใ€ใ€Œstopใ€ใ€
20:51
"hot", "hot",
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ใ€Œhotใ€ใ€ ใ€Œๆš‘ใ„ใ€ใ€
20:55
"father", "father".
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ใ€ŒใŠ็ˆถใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ€ใ€ŒใŠ็ˆถใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ€‚
20:58
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
20:59
And so in different dialects, these might be pronounced slightly differently.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–น่จ€ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ ็™บ้ŸณใŒใ‚ใšใ‹ใซ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
21:03
Sometimes they might have this sound, sometimes they might have another sound.
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ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€ๅˆฅใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:07
So that's something to keep in mind, but the key here is these sounds that you learned
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ๅฟƒใซ็•™ใ‚ใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใ“ใ“ใง้‡่ฆใชใฎใฏใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้Ÿณใฏ
21:11
today, they exist in these different dialects so you will come across different words
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–น่จ€ใซๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ˜่ชžใซๅ‡บใใ‚ใ™ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
21:17
with these sounds.
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ใ€‚
21:19
Okay, so now let's do some practice to make sure that you've understood everything and
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ใงใฏใ€ ใ™ในใฆใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
21:25
that you're good with these pronunciations.
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ใ€‚
21:29
Okay, so you've learned four different back vowel sounds.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€4 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใงใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
21:33
You've learned "oo", "u", "o", and "aw".
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ใ€Œooใ€ใ€ ใ€Œuใ€ใ€ใ€Œoใ€ใ€ใ€Œawใ€ใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:39
Okay? So you've learned four different back vowel sounds.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€4 ใคใฎ ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅพŒๆ–นๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:42
Now I want you to think about: What sounds are in these words?
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ใ“ใ“ใง่€ƒใˆใฆใปใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ™ ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใซใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช้ŸณใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
21:45
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
21:46
So pay attention to what my mouth is doing and listen to the sound, and think about:
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฎๅฃใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใซๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ„ ใ€้Ÿณใ‚’่žใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„:
21:50
Which sound is it?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใฎ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ‹?
21:52
So the first one is: "dawn",
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€Œdawnใ€ใ€
21:55
"aw", "dawn".
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ใ€Œawใ€ใ€ใ€Œdawnใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:58
Okay, so if you said this is an "aw" sound, you're correct. Okay?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ใ€Œใ‚ใƒผใ€ใจใ„ใ†้Ÿณใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
22:06
So it looks like an "a", "aw", "dawn".
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ€Œaใ€ใ€ใ€Œawใ€ใ€ใ€Œdawnใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
22:10
The next song...
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ๆฌกใฎๆ›ฒโ€ฆ
22:11
Sound: "hood",
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้Ÿณ๏ผšใ€Œใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ใ€
22:13
"u", "hood", "hood".
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ใ€Œใ‚ฆใ€ใ€Œใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ใ€Œใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ใ€‚
22:18
So it's a short sound, "hood".
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ใ€Œใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ใจใ„ใ†็Ÿญใ„้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
22:20
My mouth isn't really open that much.
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ๅฃใฏ ใ‚ใพใ‚Š้–‹ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
22:23
"Hood".
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"ใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰"ใ€‚
22:24
So this is actually this sound.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
22:32
"U", "hood", "u", "hood".
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ใ€Œใ†ใ€ใ€Œใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ใ€Œใ†ใ€ใ€Œใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ใ€‚
22:36
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
22:38
Now, what about this one?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
22:40
"Poke",
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ใ€Œใƒใ‚ฑใ€
22:41
"o", "poke".
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ใ€Œใ‚ชใ€ใ€Œใƒใ‚ฑใ€ใ€‚
22:44
Do you hear the "o" sound in there?
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ใ€ŒใŠใ€ใฎ ้ŸณใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
22:46
"Poke".
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"ใƒใƒผใ‚ฏ"ใ€‚
22:48
So this sound that we learned today is an "o", "poke".
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅ็ฟ’ใฃใŸใ“ใฎ้Ÿณ ใฏใ€ŒใŠใ€ใ€Œใƒใ‚ฑใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
22:57
And finally the last one if you look at what my mouth is doing: "blue", "blue", "blue".
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€็งใฎๅฃใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจ ใ€ใ€Œ้’ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้’ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้’ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:05
What sound is that?
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
23:07
It's an "oo" sound.
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ใ€ŒใŠใƒผใ€ใจใ„ใ†้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
23:09
"Blue".
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"้’ใ„"ใ€‚
23:11
So these are our IPA or International Phonetic Alphabet symbols which represent the sound.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€้Ÿณใ‚’่กจใ™IPAใพใŸใฏๅ›ฝ้š›้Ÿณๅฃฐ ่จ˜ๅทใงใ™ใ€‚
23:18
And so in "oo", "blue", I mean, you have an "oo" sound.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œooใ€ใ€ใ€Œblueใ€ ใฏใ€Œooใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
23:22
So, this takes time.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
23:24
Okay? I don't expect you to know all your vowels just after watching this video, but the main
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ ใ‘ใง่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใจใฏๆ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€
23:31
thing that I hope you learned today is that when you're making sounds, really, really
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ไปŠๆ—ฅๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆ
23:37
pay attention to what your lips are doing, what your mouth is doing, how open your mouth
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ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฃใŒใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„้–‹ใ„ใฆ
23:42
is or how closed it is, and whether the sound is very long or short.
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ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„้–‰ใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ ใ€้ŸณใŒ้žๅธธใซ้•ทใ„ใ‹็Ÿญใ„ใ‹ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
23:49
Look in a mirror, compare these sounds, and try to notice some of the differences between them.
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้กใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ— ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้•ใ„ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
23:54
Get used to what your mouth is doing for an "oo" sound versus an "aw" sound.
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ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒผใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใจใ€Œใ‚ชใƒผใ€ใฎ้ŸณใงๅฃใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
24:01
Comparing them is one way to really start improving your pronunciation.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ 1 ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ• ใงใ™ใ€‚
24:05
I also want to invite you to check out our website at www.engvid.com.
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ใพใŸ ใ€ๅฝ“็คพใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใ‚‚ใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
24:11
There you can actually find more videos on different sounds, including other vowel sounds,
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ใใ“ใงใฏ ใ€ๅ‰ๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚„ไธญๆฏ้Ÿณใชใฉใ€ไป–ใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช้Ÿณใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
24:17
like front vowels and central vowels.
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ใ€‚
24:20
And you can also learn some tips on how to improve your pronunciation.
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ใพใŸ ใ€็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚‚ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
24:25
We also have a quiz there, so if you want to practice what you learned today, you can
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ ไปŠๆ—ฅๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ทตใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
24:30
check out our website and take our quiz.
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ใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ— ใฆใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
24:32
I highly recommend it.
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ๅผทใใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:34
Until next time, thanks for watching and take care.
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ๆฌกๅ›žใพใงใ€ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ† ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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