Watch this! 10 Ways to Use Imperatives

7,326 views ใƒป 2024-06-27

English with Alex


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Are you ready? Okay, turn up the volume,
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ ้Ÿณ้‡ใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใฆใ€
00:03
focus, listen, and let's learn some English.
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้›†ไธญใ—ใฆ่žใ„ใฆใ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:08
Hey, everyone. I'm Alex. Thanks for clicking.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใฟใชใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏ ใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:11
And welcome to today's lesson on the imperative mood in English.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ‘ฝไปคๅฝขใฎใƒ ใƒผใƒ‰ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:17
So today, we will learn 10 ways to use imperatives.
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ใใ“ใงไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€ ๅ‘ฝไปคๅฝขใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ 10 ๅ€‹ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚
00:21
Before that, what is an imperative?
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ใใฎๅ‰ใซใ€ ๅ‘ฝไปคใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:25
Well, when you use an imperative, you are trying to direct someone to do something.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ๅ‘ฝไปคๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆŒ‡็คบใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:32
So, you are telling someone what to do, or you are suggesting that they do something.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ในใใ‹ใ‚’ไผใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆๆกˆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:39
And today, we will look at 10 scenarios, 10 different situations, 10 different uses for
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ใใ—ใฆไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ ใƒผใƒ‰ใฎ 10 ใฎใ‚ทใƒŠใƒชใ‚ชใ€10 ใฎ ็•ฐใชใ‚‹็Šถๆณใ€10 ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
00:46
this mood.
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ใ€‚
00:48
An imperative, by the way, is always used with a base verb.
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ใกใชใฟใซใ€ๅ‘ฝไปค่ชžใฏ ๅธธใซๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใจไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
00:55
So, some people call this an infinitive verb,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไธๅฎš่ฉžๅ‹•่ฉžใ€
00:58
a bare infinitive verb, a base verb, the core
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่ฃธใฎไธๅฎš่ฉžๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ ๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใ‚ณใ‚ข
01:01
verb.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใจๅ‘ผใถไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:02
So, for example, with the verb "play," you know,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œplayใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
01:06
you have "play," "plays," "played," "playing."
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ใ€Œplayใ€ใ€ใ€Œplaysใ€ใ€ใ€Œ playedใ€ใ€ใ€Œplayingใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:09
No, no, we just want the word "play."
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ใ„ใ‚„ใ„ใ‚„ใ€ใŸใ  ใ€Œ้Šใณใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใ ใ‘ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:12
So, at the beginning of the video, I said, "Turn up the volume.
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†’้ ญใง ใ€Œ้Ÿณ้‡ใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใฆ
01:17
Listen."
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่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:18
So, these are base verbs.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
01:20
I'm going to call them base verbs for this video if I refer to them again.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆๅ‚็…งใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใจๅ‘ผใถใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:25
So, the first way that we can use an imperative is to give instructions.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‘ฝไปคๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€ ๆŒ‡็คบใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:31
You have probably read cooking instructions, for example.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่ชฟ็†ๆ‰‹้ †ใชใฉใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
01:35
So, "Turn on your oven to 425 degrees.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ€Œ ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ–ใƒณใ‚’425ๅบฆใซๆธฉใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:41
Put in the pan.
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ใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‘ใƒณใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ€
01:43
Fry the oil."
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ๆฒนใ‚’็‚’ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
01:44
So, when you have instructions such as, "Open your books to page 24."
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ€Œๆœฌใ‚’ 24 ใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใพใง้–‹ใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใชใฉใฎๆŒ‡็คบใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธๅฏงใซใ—ใŸใ„
01:52
You can add a "please" if you want to be more polite.
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€ŒใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
01:56
So, you will read this when you buy furniture at Ikea, for example.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€IKEA ใงๅฎถๅ…ทใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
02:02
Actually, Ikea normally just has pictures,
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€IKEA ใซใฏ้€šๅธธ ๅ†™็œŸใ—ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
02:04
but there are instructions for what you need
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ใŒใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žๆ›ธใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
02:07
to do.
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ใ€‚
02:08
So, you can give instructions as a manager, right?
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ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ€ ็ฎก็†่€…ใจใ—ใฆๆŒ‡็คบใงใใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
02:13
So, "Everyone, please turn to page 24 of the booklet."
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ€Œ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ ๅ†Šๅญใฎ24ใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
02:18
"Okay.
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ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€‚
02:19
Everyone, please split into groups of two."
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ ๏ผ’ไบบใšใคใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
02:22
So, you can give instructions with imperatives.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ๅ‘ฝไปคๅฝขใงๆŒ‡็คบใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‘ฝไปคใ‚„ๅ‘ฝไปคใ‚’
02:25
You can also give commands or orders.
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ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
02:28
These are, you know, words that are a bit more direct, a little stronger.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—็›ดๆŽฅ็š„ใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅผทใ„่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:34
Usually, or often, they use the exclamation point.
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้€šๅธธใ€ใพใŸใฏ้ ป็นใซใ€ ๆ„Ÿๅ˜†็ฌฆใŒไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
02:40
So, here we have an exclamation mark on all three of them.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ 3 ใคใ™ในใฆใซๆ„Ÿๅ˜†็ฌฆใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:43
"Go to your room."
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"ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซ่กŒใใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚"
02:44
This is a command.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‘ฝไปคใงใ™ใ€‚
02:46
"Don't move."
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"ๅ‹•ใ‹ใชใ„ใงไธ‹ใ•ใ„ใ€‚"
02:47
Another command.
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ๅˆฅใฎใ‚ณใƒžใƒณใƒ‰ใ€‚
02:49
"Jump."
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"ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใƒ—ใ€‚"
02:50
Another command or order.
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ๅˆฅใฎๅ‘ฝไปคใพใŸใฏๅ‘ฝไปคใ€‚
02:52
So, yeah, when you just want to tell someone to, "Hey, do this."
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใซใ€Œใญใˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚
02:57
Okay?
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02:57
Like, in the moment.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
ใพใ•ใซใ€ใใฎ็žฌ้–“ใซใ€‚
02:59
Often, there is an element of emotion in these types of imperatives.
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎๅ‘ฝไปคใซใฏๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใฎ่ฆ็ด ใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹
03:03
Maybe there is some kind of danger in front
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ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ็›ฎใฎๅ‰ใซไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๅฑ้™บใŒ่ฟซใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:06
of you, or maybe you are really upset, or...
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅ‹•ๆบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ...
03:10
It can be a positive emotion as well.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:12
Okay?
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03:12
"Go to your room."
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
"ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซ่กŒใใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚"
03:13
"Don't move."
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"ๅ‹•ใ‹ใชใ„ใงไธ‹ใ•ใ„ใ€‚"
03:15
"Jump."
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"ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใƒ—ใ€‚"
03:16
"Celebrate."
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"็ฅใ†ใ€‚"
03:17
I guess that could be a command.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ‘ฝไปคใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:19
"Celebrate.
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03:19
Have a good time."
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ใ€ŒใŠ็ฅใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
03:20
We'll get to "have a good time" in a moment, actually.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ใ™ใใซใ€Œๆฅฝใ—ใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’้Žใ”ใ™ใ€ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:24
Next, encouragement.
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ๆฌกใซๆฟ€ๅŠฑใงใ™ใ€‚
03:26
So, you can encourage someone with imperatives.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‘ฝไปคๅฝขใง่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๅŠฑใพใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:28
You've heard these sentences before, right?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†?
03:31
So, "Hey, do your best."
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€ŒใŠใ„ใ€้ ‘ๅผตใ‚Œใ‚ˆใ€
03:35
Or, "Don't give up."
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€Œ่ซฆใ‚ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
03:38
"Keep trying."
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"ๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€‚"
03:39
"Keep going."
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"็ถšใ‘ใฆใ€‚"
03:41
"Hang in there."
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"้ ‘ๅผตใ‚Œใ€‚"
03:42
Okay?
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03:42
So, do your best.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:43
Don't give up.
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ใ‚ใใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใ„ใงใ€‚
03:44
Keep trying.
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ๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€‚
03:45
Hang in there.
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้ ‘ๅผตใ‚Œใ€‚
03:46
You can encourage people.
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ไบบใ‚’ๅŠฑใพใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:48
You're telling them, "Hey, do this."
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใ€Œใญใˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
03:49
Or, "Don't do this."
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚„ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
03:52
Because it's positive for you.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:53
You want to encourage them.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅŠฑใพใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
03:55
So, you want to give them some positive encouragement.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซๅ‰ๅ‘ใใชๅŠฑใพใ—ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:57
And speaking of positive things, we have positive wishes.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ“ใจใจ่จ€ใˆใฐ ใ€ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช้ก˜ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:02
So, you can wish someone certain things, like, "Have a good trip."
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ€Œ่‰ฏใ„ๆ—…ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใชใฉใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:07
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
04:08
Or, "Drive safe."
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฎ‰ๅ…จ้‹่ปขใ€ใ€‚
04:11
So, if someone is going on a journey, "Have a good trip."
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒๆ—…่กŒใซ่กŒใใชใ‚‰ ใ€ใ€Œ่‰ฏใ„ๆ—…ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ€‚
04:15
"Drive safe."
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"ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆ้‹่ปขใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚"
04:16
I might say, "Have a good day."
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ใ€Œ่‰ฏใ„ไธ€ๆ—ฅใ‚’ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:18
Right?
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04:18
Or, "Have a nice day."
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ่‰ฏใ„ไธ€ๆ—ฅใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
04:20
"Have a good night."
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"ใŠใ‚„ใ™ใฟใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚"
04:21
A lot of these have "have" or "drive", actually, as well.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅคšใใซใฏใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€Œhaveใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œdriveใ€ใ‚‚ๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–
04:26
The opposite of positive is negative.
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ใฎๅๅฏพใฏ ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:29
Now, you can be a bit of a jerk, and you can give some negative wishes to someone.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๅซŒใชๅฅดใซใชใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ—ใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใซๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช้ก˜ใ„ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆน–ใซ้ฃ›ใณ่พผใฟใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใฎ
04:37
You can say, like, "Go jump in a lake."
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:39
So, "Go jump in a lake."
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ€Œๆน–ใซ้ฃ›ใณ่พผใฟใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใ€‚
04:41
You really don't like the person, and you want them to jump in a lake where there's
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฎไบบใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅซŒใ„ใงใ€ๆฐดใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆน–ใซ้ฃ›ใณ่พผใ‚“ใงๆบบใ‚Œใฆใปใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
04:46
lots of water and drown.
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ใ€‚
04:48
That's a terrible wish.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใฒใฉใ„้ก˜ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:50
Please don't wish that on anyone.
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่ชฐใซใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆœ›ใพใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:53
This is a little rude, as well.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅคฑ็คผใงใ™ใ€‚
04:54
Like, tell someone who cares.
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ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใซไผใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:57
Okay?
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04:57
Like, if someone gives you news or tries to
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸ ใซใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ใใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€
05:01
tell you something, and you don't care about
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“
05:04
what they're saying...
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...ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
05:06
Maybe you have had a fight with this person
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ ใใฎไบบใจๅ–งๅ˜ฉใ‚’ใ—ใฆ
05:08
recently, and you just want them out of your
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ใ€ใŸใ  ใใฎไบบใซ้ก”ใซๅ‡บใ—ใฆใปใ—ใใชใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:11
face, and you wish they would go away, so you can say...
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ„ใชใ ใชใฃใฆใปใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™...
05:15
Okay, just...
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ๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใŸใ ...
05:16
Yeah.
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ใˆใˆใ€‚
05:17
Tell someone who cares.
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ๆฐ—ใซใชใ‚‹ไบบใซไผใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:18
Okay?
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05:18
This is your negative wish for the person.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใใฎไบบใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช ้ก˜ๆœ›ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:21
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
05:23
Next, directions.
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ๆฌกใซ้“้ †ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:24
Similar to instructions, but directions, you're telling people how to get somewhere,
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ๆŒ‡็คบใจไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€้“้ †ใฏใ€ ไบบใ€…ใซใฉใ“ใ‹ใธใฎ่กŒใๆ–น
05:31
or where a location is.
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ใ‚„ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
05:33
So, for example, "Oh, turn left at the next intersection."
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ ๆฌกใฎไบคๅทฎ็‚นใ‚’ๅทฆใซๆ›ฒใŒใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
05:39
"Stop here."
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"ใ“ใ“ใงๆญขโ€‹โ€‹ใพใฃใฆใ€‚"
05:41
"Turn right."
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"ๅณๆŠ˜ใ€‚"
05:42
"Go straight."
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"็œŸใฃ็›ดใ้€ฒใ‚“ใงไธ‹ใ•ใ„ใ€‚"
05:44
"Go back."
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"ๆˆปใ‚‹ใ€‚"
05:46
So, you can give directions with imperatives, as well.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ๅ‘ฝไปคๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆๆŒ‡็คบใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:50
Next, advice.
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ๆฌกใซใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
05:52
Or suggestions.
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ใพใŸใฏๆๆกˆใ€‚
05:54
So, what advice do we have here?
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใŒใงใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
05:57
"Don't listen to her."
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่žใ‹ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
05:58
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
05:59
This is...
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ...
06:00
This is my advice to you.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใธใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
06:01
If I say, "Don't listen to her.
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็งใŒใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใฏ่žใ‹ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:03
She is a bad influence on you."
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๆ‚ชใ„ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€
06:05
I think you can have better friends than her, so don't listen to her.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏๅฝผๅฅณใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ๅ‹้”ใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ†ใฎใง ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใฏ่žใ‹ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:10
Next, we have...
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ๆฌกใซโ€ฆ
06:13
"Quit while you still can."
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ใ€Œ่พžใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ†ใกใซ่พžใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:16
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:17
So, quit while you still can.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใงใใ‚‹ใ†ใกใซ่พžใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:19
Like, stop now, or things could get worse in the future.
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ไปŠใ™ใใ‚„ใ‚ใชใ„ใจใ€ ๅฐ†ๆฅไบ‹ๆ…‹ใŒๆ‚ชๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:24
So, just, "Hey, I think this is what you should do.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ€Œใญใˆใ€็งใฏ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ™ในใใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:27
I think this is the best course of action for you in your current situation."
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็พๅœจใฎ็ŠถๆณใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅ–„ใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจใ ใ‘่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:33
So, you can give advice with imperatives.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‘ฝไปคๅฝขใงใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
06:36
You can make requests.
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ใƒชใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:38
A request with an imperative?
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ๅ‘ฝไปคๅฝขใฎใƒชใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:40
What?
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06:40
Yes, of course.
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ไฝ•๏ผŸ
ใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:42
So, pass the salt, please.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅกฉใ‚’ๆธกใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:45
Now, you might think that's a command.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‘ฝไปคใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
06:47
No, it's not really a command, because the person doesn't have to pass the salt.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅ‘ฝไปคใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅกฉใ‚’ๆธกใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:52
They don't have to listen to you.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่žใๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:54
You are asking for the salt.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅกฉใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:56
So, this is a request.
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ฆๆœ›ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:58
"Pass the salt, please."
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ใ€Œๅกฉใ‚’ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
06:59
"Give us a minute."
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ใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅพ…ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
07:01
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
07:02
So, you are asking someone who entered the room,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใใŸไบบใซใ€
07:05
"Oh, we need one more minute.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใจ 1 ๅˆ†ๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
07:07
Give us a minute, please."
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ใŠๅพ…ใกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ในใใ‹ใ‚’ไผใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€
07:08
You are asking the person to give you a minute,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็›ธๆ‰‹ใซๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใใ ใ•ใ„ใจ้ ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™
07:11
even though you are telling them what to do.
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ใ€‚
07:15
Your tone and the words, like, "Oh, give us a minute, please."
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅพ…ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใฃใŸๅฃ่ชฟใ‚„่จ€่‘‰ใ€‚
07:19
To make it more polite, make it a request.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธๅฏงใซ่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏ ใ€ใƒชใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:22
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:24
Requests.
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ใƒชใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆใ€‚
07:25
Offers.
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07:25
Yes, you can make offers and invitations with imperatives as well.
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ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ€‚
ใฏใ„ใ€ ๅ‘ฝไปคๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ‚„ๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:30
So, here.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ€‚
07:32
"Please, take one."
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ใ€Œไธ€ใคๅ–ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
07:34
So, I'm offering you something.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:36
Maybe an information booklet, or a pamphlet, or a piece of paper.
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ๆƒ…ๅ ฑๅ†Šๅญใ€ ใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใพใŸใฏ็ด™ๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:43
Another request?
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ๅˆฅใฎใƒชใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:44
Offer?
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ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผ๏ผŸ
07:45
Sorry.
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ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:46
Or invitation.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๆ‹›ๅพ…็Šถใ€‚
07:47
"Oh, please come in.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅ…ฅใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:49
Come in."
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ๅ…ฅใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
07:50
Right?
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07:50
So, I am inviting you into my house.
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’็งใฎๅฎถใซๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:54
I am telling you to come in.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใ€
07:56
I am making you the offer of, "Hey, my house is your house.
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ใ€ŒใŠใ„ใ€็งใฎๅฎถใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฎถใ ใ€‚
08:04
My home is your home."
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็งใฎๅฎถใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฎถใ ใ€ใจๅ‹งใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
08:05
I tried combining the words "house" and "home",
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ใ€Œๅฎถใ€ใจใ€Œๅฎถใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆ
08:08
and I was going to say "hose".
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ใ€Œใƒ›ใƒผใ‚นใ€ใจ่จ€ใŠใ†ใจใ—ใŸใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:10
It's a very strange word.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ไธๆ€่ญฐใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
08:12
It's not a word, but maybe it is now.
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่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ไปŠใฏใใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:15
Okay.
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08:15
Finally, we have "warnings".
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œ่ญฆๅ‘Šใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:18
So, "warnings" could be similar to "advice",
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ่ญฆๅ‘Šใ€ใฏ ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€ใซไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
08:21
but usually it's a little bit different, like,
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ใŒใ€้€šๅธธใฏ
08:25
"Be careful."
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ใ€Œๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฐ‘ใ—็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:27
Okay?
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08:27
"Hey, be careful."
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
ใ€ŒใŠใ„ใ€ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใ‚ใ‚ˆใ€
08:28
Or, "Watch where you are walking."
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใฉใ“ใ‚’ๆญฉใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ใ€
08:30
For example, "It's dangerous here."
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ ใ“ใ“ใฏๅฑ้™บใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
08:32
Or, "The road is uneven."
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€Œ้“ใฏใงใ“ใผใ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚
08:34
So, "Be careful."
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ใฎใงๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚"
08:36
"Pay attention."
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"ๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚"
08:38
Right?
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08:38
"Pay attention."
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
"ๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚"
08:39
"This could be dangerous."
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฑ้™บใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚ใ€
08:41
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:42
"Watch out."
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"ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€‚"
08:43
Now, again, this could be a command.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ณใƒžใƒณใƒ‰ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:46
So, commands can be warnings in some cases, but they don't always have to be a warning.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ณใƒžใƒณใƒ‰ใฏๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏ่ญฆๅ‘Šใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚่ญฆๅ‘Šใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:52
For example, like, "Go to your room" is not a warning.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซ่กŒใใชใ•ใ„ ใ€ใชใฉใฏ่ญฆๅ‘Šใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:55
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
08:56
It's just a command.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใ ใฎๅ‘ฝไปคใงใ™ใ€‚
08:57
You're ordering your child to go to their room.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๅญไพ›ใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซ่กŒใใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅ‘ฝไปคใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:00
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
09:01
I bet you didn't know you could use imperatives in so many different ways,
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ๅ‘ฝไปคๅฝขใ‚’ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฏใšใงใ™
09:06
but now you do, and that's a good thing.
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ใŒใ€ไปŠใงใฏไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
09:08
So, what I want you to do is go to engvid.com.
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ใใ“ใงใ€ engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
09:14
That's E-N-G-V-I-D dot com.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒE-N-G-V-I-Dใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ณใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:18
Or, just click the link that is attached to
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ช ใซๆทปไป˜ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ€
09:21
this video, and that link will transport you
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ใใฎ ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‹ใ‚‰ engvid.com ใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ—ใพใ™
09:24
to engvid.com.
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ใ€‚
09:26
So, I'm giving you instructions.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๆŒ‡็คบใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:28
Go to engvid.com.
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engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:30
Directions as well.
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้“้ †ใ‚‚ใ€‚
09:32
A command, perhaps.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ๅ‘ฝไปคใงใ™ใ€‚
09:33
"Go to engvid.com."
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ใ€Œengvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
09:35
And check out the quiz that is attached to this video.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใซๆทปไป˜ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:40
There, you can test your understanding, have
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ใใ“ใงใฏใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็†่งฃใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€
09:43
a little fun, and I'm sure you'll feel much
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅ‘ฝไปคๆ–‡ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใซ ใ‚‚ใฃใจ่‡ชไฟกใŒๆŒใฆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
09:46
more confident with your use of imperatives.
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ใ€‚
09:49
I hope you enjoyed this video.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:51
Until next time, thanks for clicking, and I'll see you soon.
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ๆฌกๅ›žใพใงใ€ ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:55
Go to engvid.com.
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engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
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