English Grammar - 5 Ways to Use Infinitives

654,663 views ใƒป 2014-11-11

English with Alex


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
Hey, everyone. I'm Alex. Thanks for clicking, and welcome to this lesson on five ways to
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใฟใชใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธๅฎš่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ 5 ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใ
00:07
use infinitives. To refresh our memory, an infinitive in English is "to" plus the base
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ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฎ่จ˜ๆ†ถใ‚’ใƒชใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎไธๅฎš่ฉžใฏใ€Œtoใ€ใจๅŸบๆœฌ
00:14
verb. So for example, "to run", "to play", " "to hide", "to eat", "to go" -- these are
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ่ตฐใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้Šใถใ€ใ€ ใ€Œ้š ใ™ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่กŒใใ€ใชใฉใฏ
00:22
all examples of infinitives. Now, despite the fact that infinitives refer to actions,
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ใ™ในใฆไธๅฎš่ฉžใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:29
they often perform the same function as nouns. So let's look at the five ways that we can
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ใ—ใฐใ—ใฐๅ่ฉžใจๅŒใ˜ๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ‚’ๆžœใŸใ— ใพใ™. ใใ‚Œใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใงไธๅฎš่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ†5ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
00:37
use infinitives in English.
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.
00:39
So here, we have -- infinitives can be subjects. They can be the subject of a sentence. This
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏไธๅฎš่ฉžใ‚’ไธป่ชžใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™. ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™. ใ“ใ‚Œ
00:46
is a very formal structure, but it is possible. For example, "To do the right thing is not
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ใฏ้žๅธธใซๅฝขๅผ็š„ใชๆง‹้€ ใงใ™. , ใงใ‚‚ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™. ใŸใจใˆใฐ, ใ€Œๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ
00:53
easy." "To learn a new language is helpful." So here, we have "to do", "to learn", okay?
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็ฐกๅ˜ใงใฏใชใ„.ใ€ ใ€Œๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่จ€่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใฏ ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใกใพใ™..
01:04
And again, these are infinitives. And this is a very formal structure. So in speaking,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไธๅฎš่ฉžใงใ™. ใใ—ใฆ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๅฝขๅผ็š„ใชๆง‹้€ ใงใ™. ่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏ
01:10
we don't often use infinitives as subjects, but I want you to know that it is possible.
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ไธๅฎš่ฉžใ‚’ไธป่ชžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ, ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒ.
01:16
However, in speech, when we use infinitives in this kind of context, we usually put them
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01:22
in the middle of an "it" phrase. So for example, instead of saying, "To do the right thing
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ไพ‹ใˆใฐ ใ€ใ€Œๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใ€Œๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎ
01:28
is not easy", we say, "It's not easy to do the right thing." Or instead of,
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ใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใจ ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€
01:34
"To learn a new language is helpful", in common speech, we say,
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ใ€ŒๅญฆใถใŸใ‚ใซ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่จ€่ชžใฏ ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€ใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชไผš่ฉฑใงใฏใ€
01:39
"It's helpful to learn a new language."
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ใ€Œๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่จ€่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใฏๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€ใจ
01:42
Okay? So again, this is formal; this is much more common. Okay?
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่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฝขๅผ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:48
Second of all, infinitives can be objects. So for example, "I want to help you." Here,
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ๆฌกใซใ€ไธๅฎš่ฉžใฏใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใ“
01:56
we have "I", "the subject, "want", the verb, "to help" -- and "to help", here, would be
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ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใ€ใ€ใ€Œไธป่ชžใ€ใ€Œใ—ใŸใ„ใ€ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ ใ€ŒๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ€ŒๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€
02:03
an object. Okay? So, "I want to help." "They love to travel." And in both of these sentences,
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ใฏ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๅŠฉใ‘ใŸใ„ใ€ใ€ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใงใ‚‚
02:14
the infinitive is actually the object of the sentence.
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ใ€ไธๅฎš่ฉžใฏๅฎŸ้š› ใซใฏๆ–‡ใฎ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
02:18
Here, No. 3, infinitives can be subject complements. Now, a "complement" is basically something
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€3 ็•ชใ€ไธๅฎš่ฉžใฏไธป่ชžใฎ่ฃœ่ชžใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ€Œ่ฃœ่ชžใ€ใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ
02:25
that gives you more information about the thing you're talking about. In this situation,
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ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ. ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใง
02:31
we want more information about the subjects of these sentences. So for example, "Her job
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ใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใฃใจๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒๅฟ…่ฆ ใงใ™. ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฏ
02:37
-- okay." "Tell me more about her job." "Her job is to assist you." So if this is a receptionist,
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™.ใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฎไป•ไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.ใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฎไป•ไบ‹ ใฏๆ”ฏๆดใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™. ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅ—ไป˜ไฟ‚ใฎ
02:44
for example, her job is to assist you. You're giving more information about her job. "My
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ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™.ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๅฝผๅฅณใฎไป•ไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.ใ€Œ็งใฎ
02:53
dream -- my dream is -- what is your dream? Give me more information about your dream."
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ๅคข-็งใฎๅคขใฏ-ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅคขใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅคขใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉณใ—ใๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
02:58
"My dream is to open a business." Okay? So here, we have infinitives used as subject
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ใ€Œ็งใฎๅคขใฏใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใ‚’้–‹ใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ? ใงใฏ ใ€ไธป่ชžใฎ่ฃœ่ชžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•
03:07
complements.
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03:08
Now, these last two -- infinitives can be adjectives and adverbs -- you might be surprised
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ใ‚Œใ‚‹ไธๅฎš่ฉžใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:14
because when you think of adjectives, you probably think of colors or words like "happy"
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใใ€ ใŠใใ‚‰ใ่‰ฒใ‚„ใ€Œๅนธใ›ใ€
03:21
or "sad" or "cold" or "hot". However, if you're not comfortable with thinking of them as adjectives,
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ใ€ใ€Œๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฏ’ใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆš‘ใ„ใ€ใชใฉใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๆตฎใ‹ในใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™. ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใฎใŒ่‹ฆๆ‰‹ใชๅ ดๅˆ
03:28
maybe think of them as object complements. And that's another way to look at it if mentally
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ใฏใ€ ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใฎ่ฃœๆ•ฐใจใ—ใฆ. ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ไธๅฎš่ฉžใŒๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ใซๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ใชใ•ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•
03:33
it doesn't make sense for an infinitive to be an adjective. However, let's look at an
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ใงใ™. ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
03:37
example. "I told you" -- so here, we have subject, verb, object. "I told you to wait."
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. ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€ - ใ“ใ“ใซไธป่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™. , ๅ‹•่ฉž, ็›ฎ็š„่ชž. "็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๅพ…ใคใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใฃใŸ." ใใ‚Œใง็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ
03:46
So what did I tell you? I told you to wait. So you're describing what you told this person.
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ไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹? ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๅพ…ใคใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ. ใคใพใ‚Š ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใฎไบบใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
03:52
"He wants me to leave." What does he want me to do? He wants me to leave. So I'm describing
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ๅฝผใฏ็งใŒๅŽปใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™. ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ
04:00
what he wants. Again, adjectives are description words, right? Describing what he wants. I'm
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ๅฝผใŒๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™. ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒ, ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฏ ่ชฌๆ˜Ž่ชž
04:06
describing what I told you. Okay?
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ใงใ™.
04:09
And finally, adverbs -- so again, adverbs give more information about a verb. In thinks
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉž ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:15
situation, "We must study" -- we have the verb "study". "Why must we study?" "To learn."
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†็Šถๆณใงใฏใ€ใ€Œๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ€Œใชใœ็งใŸใกใฏๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ "ๅญฆใถใŸใ‚ใซใ€‚"
04:23
So here, you have verb plus infinitive. And here, "I want to learn to sing." So here,
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใจไธๅฎš่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ŒๆญŒใ‚’็ฟ’ใ„ใŸใ„ใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€
04:30
"I want to learn" -- "to learn" is an object. And we want to give more information about
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ใ€ŒๅญฆใณใŸใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅญฆใถใ“ใจใ€ใŒ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใจใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†็†็”ฑใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆ
04:36
the object and why we do it. So here, we have "to sing".
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ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ€ŒๆญŒใ†ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:40
Now, again, grammatically, if you don't understand "adjective", "adverb", "subject complement",
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซใฏใ€ ใ€Œๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ€ใ€ใ€Œไธป่ชž่ฃœ่ชžใ€ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€
04:48
it's not -- I don't want to say it's not important, but in everyday speech, it's not that important
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้‡่ฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚้‡่ฆใงใฏใชใ„ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๆ—ฅๅธธไผš่ฉฑใงใฏใ€
04:54
to be able to say, "This is an adjective"; "this is an adverb"; "this is a complement."
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ "ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใงใ™"; ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ฃœ่ถณใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:59
The most important thing is do you understand these sentences when you see them? Do you
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใจใใซ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:04
understand the meaning of, "We must study to learn"? "I want to learn to sing"? As long
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ใ€ŒๅญฆใถใŸใ‚ใซๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€ŒๆญŒใ‚’็ฟ’ใ„ใŸใ„ใ€๏ผŸ
05:10
as you understand what the sentences mean, the grammatical language is not as important,
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ๆ–‡ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใ€ ๆ–‡ใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใช้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใฎไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•่จ€่ชžใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉ้‡่ฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
05:18
as long as you know how to use it in different parts of the sentence. Okay?
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:23
So if you want to test your understanding of this information, as always, you can check
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใฎ็†่งฃๅบฆใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
05:28
out the quiz on www.engvid.com. And don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel.
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www.engvid.com ใงใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ใ€็งใฎ YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:33
Also, don't forget to click on the other videos related to this infinitive series.
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ใพใŸใ€ใ“ใฎไธๅฎš่ฉžใ‚ทใƒชใƒผใ‚บใซ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ไป–ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚‚ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใšใซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
05:38
I'll see you next time, guys. Take care.
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ๆฌกๅ›žใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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