English Grammar - 5 Ways to Use Infinitives

673,916 views ・ 2014-11-11

English with Alex


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:01
Hey, everyone. I'm Alex. Thanks for clicking, and welcome to this lesson on five ways to
0
1742
5597
μ•ˆλ…• λͺ¨λ‘λ“€. μ €λŠ” μ•Œλ ‰μŠ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 클릭해 μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 뢀정사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” λ‹€μ„― 가지 방법에 λŒ€ν•œ κ°•μ˜μ— μ˜€μ‹  것을 ν™˜μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:07
use infinitives. To refresh our memory, an infinitive in English is "to" plus the base
1
7339
7486
. 기얡을 λ˜μ‚΄λ¦¬κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ˜μ–΄ λΆ€μ •μ‚¬λŠ” "to"에 κΈ°λ³Έ 동사λ₯Ό λ”ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:14
verb. So for example, "to run", "to play", " "to hide", "to eat", "to go" -- these are
2
14851
7233
. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, "to run", "to play", " "to hide", "to eat", "to go" -- 이것듀은
00:22
all examples of infinitives. Now, despite the fact that infinitives refer to actions,
3
22110
7378
λͺ¨λ‘ λΆ€μ •μ‚¬μ˜ μ˜ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
they often perform the same function as nouns. So let's look at the five ways that we can
4
29635
7399
μ’…μ’… λͺ…사와 λ™μΌν•œ κΈ°λŠ₯을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œ 뢀정사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ‹€μ„― 가지 방법을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
use infinitives in English.
5
37060
2730
00:39
So here, we have -- infinitives can be subjects. They can be the subject of a sentence. This
6
39790
6840
μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” -- 뢀정사가 μ£Όμ–΄κ°€ 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그듀은 λ¬Έμž₯의 μ£Όμ–΄κ°€ 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이것은
00:46
is a very formal structure, but it is possible. For example, "To do the right thing is not
7
46630
7294
맀우 ν˜•μ‹μ μΈ κ΅¬μ‘°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. , ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ "μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ 일을 ν•˜λŠ” 것은
00:53
easy." "To learn a new language is helpful." So here, we have "to do", "to learn", okay?
8
53950
10878
쉽지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€." "μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό λ°°μš°λŠ” 것은 도움이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€." κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ” "ν•  일", "배우기"κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:04
And again, these are infinitives. And this is a very formal structure. So in speaking,
9
64899
5611
. 이것듀은 λΆ€μ •μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 이것은 맀우 ν˜•μ‹μ μΈ κ΅¬μ‘°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 말할 λ•Œ,
01:10
we don't often use infinitives as subjects, but I want you to know that it is possible.
10
70510
5890
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ’…μ’… 뢀정사λ₯Ό μ£Όμ–΄λ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ§€λ§Œ, 그것이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œμ•„μ£Όμ…¨μœΌλ©΄ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
However, in speech, when we use infinitives in this kind of context, we usually put them
11
76400
6060
λ¬Έλ§₯상 보톡
01:22
in the middle of an "it" phrase. So for example, instead of saying, "To do the right thing
12
82460
5570
"it"ꡬ의 쀑간에 λ„£μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ "to do the right thing
01:28
is not easy", we say, "It's not easy to do the right thing." Or instead of,
13
88030
6614
is not easy."κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ "It's not easy to do the right thing." λ˜λŠ” "to do the right thing is not easy." λŒ€μ‹ 
01:34
"To learn a new language is helpful", in common speech, we say,
14
94670
4666
"배우기 μœ„ν•΄ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ–Έμ–΄λŠ” 도움이 λœλ‹€", μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 일상적인 말둜
01:39
"It's helpful to learn a new language."
15
99362
3312
"μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό λ°°μš°λŠ” 것이 도움이 λœλ‹€ "κ³  λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:42
Okay? So again, this is formal; this is much more common. Okay?
16
102700
5750
μ•Œμ•˜μ£ ? λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것은 ν˜•μ‹μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이것은 훨씬 더 μΌλ°˜μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”?
01:48
Second of all, infinitives can be objects. So for example, "I want to help you." Here,
17
108450
8234
λ‘˜μ§Έ, λΆ€μ •μ‚¬λŠ” λͺ©μ μ–΄κ°€ 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ "당신을 돕고 μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€." μ—¬κΈ°
01:56
we have "I", "the subject, "want", the verb, "to help" -- and "to help", here, would be
18
116710
6490
"I", "μ£Όμ–΄", "want", 동사 "to help" -- 그리고 "to help"λŠ”
02:03
an object. Okay? So, "I want to help." "They love to travel." And in both of these sentences,
19
123200
10777
λͺ©μ μ–΄κ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ•Œμ•˜μ£ ? κ·Έλž˜μ„œ "I want to help." They love to travel." 그리고 이 두 λ¬Έμž₯ λͺ¨λ‘μ—μ„œ
02:14
the infinitive is actually the object of the sentence.
20
134003
4141
λΆ€μ •μ‚¬λŠ” μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ¬Έμž₯의 λͺ©μ μ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
Here, No. 3, infinitives can be subject complements. Now, a "complement" is basically something
21
138170
7674
μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λΆ€μ •μ‚¬λŠ” μ£Όμ–΄ 보완어가 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이제 "보어"λŠ” 기본적으둜
02:25
that gives you more information about the thing you're talking about. In this situation,
22
145870
5869
λ‹€μŒμ— λŒ€ν•œ 더 λ§Žμ€ 정보λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 μƒν™©μ—μ„œ
02:31
we want more information about the subjects of these sentences. So for example, "Her job
23
151739
5920
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 λ¬Έμž₯의 μ£Όμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 더 λ§Žμ€ 정보λ₯Ό μ›ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ . 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, "κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 직업은
02:37
-- okay." "Tell me more about her job." "Her job is to assist you." So if this is a receptionist,
24
157659
7000
-- μ’‹μ•„μš”." "κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 직업에 λŒ€ν•΄ 더 λ§ν•΄μ£Όμ„Έμš”." "κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 직업은 λ•λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 이것이 μ•ˆλ‚΄μ›μ΄λΌλ©΄
02:44
for example, her job is to assist you. You're giving more information about her job. "My
25
164685
8528
κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 직업은 당신을 λ•λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 당신은 κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 직업에 λŒ€ν•΄ 더 λ§Žμ€ 정보λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:53
dream -- my dream is -- what is your dream? Give me more information about your dream."
26
173239
5711
. λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ κΏˆμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 더 λ§Žμ€ 정보λ₯Ό μ£Όμ„Έμš”."
02:58
"My dream is to open a business." Okay? So here, we have infinitives used as subject
27
178950
8523
"λ‚΄ κΏˆμ€ 사업을 μ—¬λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€." μ’‹μ•„μš”? κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ—¬κΈ° μ£Όμ–΄ λ³΄μ™„μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” 뢀정사가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:07
complements.
28
187499
750
.
03:08
Now, these last two -- infinitives can be adjectives and adverbs -- you might be surprised
29
188249
6050
이제 이 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 두 가지 λΆ€μ •μ‚¬λŠ” ν˜•μš©μ‚¬μ™€ 뢀사가 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
because when you think of adjectives, you probably think of colors or words like "happy"
30
194299
6950
ν˜•μš©μ‚¬λ₯Ό 생각할 λ•Œ "ν–‰λ³΅ν•œ", "
03:21
or "sad" or "cold" or "hot". However, if you're not comfortable with thinking of them as adjectives,
31
201249
6830
μŠ¬ν”ˆ", "μ°¨κ°€μš΄", "뜨거운"κ³Ό 같은 λ‹¨μ–΄λ‚˜ 색상을 생각할 수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λ†€λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ ν˜•μš©μ‚¬λ‘œ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 것이 λΆˆνŽΈν•˜λ‹€λ©΄
03:28
maybe think of them as object complements. And that's another way to look at it if mentally
32
208079
5590
뢀정사가 ν˜•μš©μ‚¬κ°€ λ˜λŠ” 것이 μ •μ‹ μ μœΌλ‘œ μ΄ν•΄λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 경우 이λ₯Ό λ³΄λŠ” 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
it doesn't make sense for an infinitive to be an adjective. However, let's look at an
33
213669
4100
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
example. "I told you" -- so here, we have subject, verb, object. "I told you to wait."
34
217769
8224
, 동사, λͺ©μ μ–΄. "λ‚΄κ°€ 기닀리라고 ν–ˆμž–μ•„."
03:46
So what did I tell you? I told you to wait. So you're describing what you told this person.
35
226019
6188
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‚΄κ°€ 뭐라고 λ§ν–ˆμ–΄? 기닀리라고 ν–ˆμ–΄. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 당신이 이 μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ λ§ν•œ 것을 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”κ±°μ•Ό.
03:52
"He wants me to leave." What does he want me to do? He wants me to leave. So I'm describing
36
232233
8540
"κ·ΈλŠ” λ‚΄κ°€ λ– λ‚˜κΈΈ 원해." κ·ΈλŠ” λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ 무엇을 μ›ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ κ·Έκ°€ λ‚΄κ°€ λ– λ‚˜κΈΈ 원해 κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‚˜λŠ”
04:00
what he wants. Again, adjectives are description words, right? Describing what he wants. I'm
37
240799
5274
κ·Έκ°€ μ›ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν˜•μš©μ‚¬λŠ” μ„€λͺ… λ‹¨μ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έκ°€ μ›ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‚΄κ°€
04:06
describing what I told you. Okay?
38
246099
2941
λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²Œ λ§ν•œ 것을 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
And finally, adverbs -- so again, adverbs give more information about a verb. In thinks
39
249040
6439
λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ λΆ€μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λΆ€μ‚¬λŠ” 동사에 λŒ€ν•œ 더 λ§Žμ€ 정보λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ”
04:15
situation, "We must study" -- we have the verb "study". "Why must we study?" "To learn."
40
255479
7000
μƒν™©μ—μ„œ "μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 곡뢀해야 ν•œλ‹€" -- "κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜λ‹€"λΌλŠ” 동사가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ™œ 곡뢀λ₯Ό ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?" "λ°°μš°λ‹€."
04:23
So here, you have verb plus infinitive. And here, "I want to learn to sing." So here,
41
263248
7102
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 여기에 동사와 뢀정사가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ "λ…Έλž˜λ₯Ό 배우고 μ‹Άμ–΄μš”." κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ
04:30
"I want to learn" -- "to learn" is an object. And we want to give more information about
42
270350
5660
"λ‚˜λŠ” 배우고 μ‹Άλ‹€" -- "λ°°μš°λ‹€"λŠ” λͺ©μ μ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 객체에 λŒ€ν•œ 더 λ§Žμ€ 정보
04:36
the object and why we do it. So here, we have "to sing".
43
276010
4700
와 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 그것을 ν•˜λŠ” 이유λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό μ›ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” "λ…Έλž˜ν•˜λ‹€"κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:40
Now, again, grammatically, if you don't understand "adjective", "adverb", "subject complement",
44
280710
7550
자, λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, λ¬Έλ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ "ν˜•μš©μ‚¬", "뢀사", "μ£Όμ–΄ 보완어"λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œλ‹€λ©΄,
04:48
it's not -- I don't want to say it's not important, but in everyday speech, it's not that important
45
288666
5434
그건 μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ§€λ§Œ 일상 λŒ€ν™”μ—μ„œλŠ” κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:54
to be able to say, "This is an adjective"; "this is an adverb"; "this is a complement."
46
294100
4926
"이것은 ν˜•μš©μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€"라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "이것은 λΆ€μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€"; "이것은 λ³΄μ™„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€."
04:59
The most important thing is do you understand these sentences when you see them? Do you
47
299052
5698
κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은 이 λ¬Έμž₯듀을 λ³΄μ•˜μ„ λ•Œ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠλƒ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:04
understand the meaning of, "We must study to learn"? "I want to learn to sing"? As long
48
304750
5863
"μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 배우기 μœ„ν•΄ 곡뢀해야 ν•œλ‹€"λŠ” 말의 의미λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ ? "λ…Έλž˜ 배우고 μ‹Άμ–΄μš”"?
05:10
as you understand what the sentences mean, the grammatical language is not as important,
49
310639
8095
λ¬Έμž₯의 의미λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” ν•œ, 문법적 μ–Έμ–΄λŠ”
05:18
as long as you know how to use it in different parts of the sentence. Okay?
50
318760
4612
λ¬Έμž₯의 λ‹€λ₯Έ λΆ€λΆ„μ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 μ•„λŠ” ν•œ 그닀지 μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”?
05:23
So if you want to test your understanding of this information, as always, you can check
51
323398
5232
λ”°λΌμ„œ 이 정보에 λŒ€ν•œ 이해도λ₯Ό ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄ μ–Έμ œλ‚˜μ²˜λŸΌ
05:28
out the quiz on www.engvid.com. And don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel.
52
328630
4690
www.engvid.comμ—μ„œ ν€΄μ¦ˆλ₯Ό 확인할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 λ‚΄ YouTube 채널을 κ΅¬λ…ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μžŠμ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.
05:33
Also, don't forget to click on the other videos related to this infinitive series.
53
333320
5067
λ˜ν•œ, 이 μΈν”Όλ‹ˆν‹°λΈŒ μ‹œλ¦¬μ¦ˆμ™€ κ΄€λ ¨λœ λ‹€λ₯Έ λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μžŠμ§€ λ§ˆμ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
05:38
I'll see you next time, guys. Take care.
54
338413
2598
λ‹€μŒμ— λ§Œλ‚˜μš” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„. 잘 μ§€λ‚΄μ„Έμš”.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7