ALL the Grammar you need for ADVANCED (C1 Level) English in 13 minutes

1,310,484 views ใƒป 2023-05-04

English with Lucy


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
- Have you ever heard someone boast
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-
00:02
about having this level of English, the C1 level?
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎ C1 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่‡ชๆ…ขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
00:08
This is also known as the advanced level of English.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎไธŠ็ดšใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:13
For most English learners,
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใซใจใฃใฆใ€
00:14
the C1 advanced level is the ultimate goal.
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C1 ไธŠ็ดšใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใŒ ๆœ€็ต‚็›ฎๆจ™ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:18
But when students approach me and say,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅญฆ็”ŸใŒ็งใซ่ฟ‘ใฅใใ€
00:20
I want to reach C1, if I ask them,
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C1ใซๅˆฐ้”ใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€็งใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใซๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใจใ€
00:24
well, do you know what C1 is?
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ใพใ‚ใ€C1ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
00:25
Do you know what the advanced level is?
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ไธŠ็ดšใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฃใฆ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ‚‹๏ผŸ
00:28
They often can't tell me.
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ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:29
In this video, I'm going to go through all of the grammar
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏใ€
00:32
that you need to master
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00:34
to be able to say that you have a C1 level of English.
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C1 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:38
There is also so much to cover in vocabulary.
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่ชžๅฝ™ใงใ‚ซใƒใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒฆใƒผใƒขใ‚ขใ€่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใ€่จ€่‘‰ใฎๅฝขๆˆใชใฉใ€
00:41
I have so much to share with you,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
00:43
things like humour, paraphrasing, word formation.
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ใ€‚
00:48
Today, we're going to focus on the grammar,
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€ ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใพใ™ใŒใ€
00:50
but if you're really serious
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00:51
about achieving a C1 level of English,
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C1 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’้”ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็œŸๅ‰ฃใซ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€
00:54
then I have something
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00:55
that I think you will really, really like.
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ใใฃใจๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็„กๆ–™ใงใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใงใใ‚‹
00:57
I have created an ebook that you can download for free,
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้›ปๅญใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
01:01
which details everything we're going to cover in this video,
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏใ€
01:05
all of the grammar that you need to be at a C1 level.
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C1 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅฟ…่ฆใชใ™ในใฆใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:08
We go into a lot of detail about the vocabulary
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่ชžๅฝ™
01:11
and the other skills as well.
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ใ‚„ใใฎไป–ใฎใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:13
It's a fantastic resource.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใƒชใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
01:15
It will really help you to pinpoint where you are,
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01:18
because we cover parts of other levels as well
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01:20
in this ebook, and what you have to do to move up a level,
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ใ“ใฎ้›ปๅญใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใฏใ€ไป–ใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใฉใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€ ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ€
01:24
what you have to do to achieve that next level.
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ๆฌกใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซๅˆฐ้”ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:27
In this free ebook,
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01:27
I have also included the curriculum for my new C1 programme.
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ใ“ใฎ็„กๆ–™ใฎ้›ปๅญใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใฏใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ C1 ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใฎใ‚ซใƒชใ‚ญใƒฅใƒฉใƒ ใ‚‚
ๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
01:33
It's not released yet.
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ใพใ ใƒชใƒชใƒผใ‚นใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:34
It comes out on the 15th of May,
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5 ๆœˆ 15 ๆ—ฅใซๅ…ฌ้–‹ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
01:36
but you can be one of the first students to see inside
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ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฎ ๅ†…้ƒจใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€
01:39
and to understand how we are going to take
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01:42
you from B2 to C1,
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B2 ใ‹ใ‚‰ C1 ใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็งป่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€
01:44
and what you will be learning every single step of the way.
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ใใ—ใฆ ใใฎ้Ž็จ‹ใงไฝ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใฎ 1 ไบบใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:48
You could also use it as an example
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ใพใŸใ€
01:50
of what needs to be studied to achieve C1.
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C1 ใ‚’้”ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‚’็ ”็ฉถใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:52
If you're truly interested
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01:53
in achieving the C1 level of English,
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ C1 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใ‚’้”ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
01:56
you can download this free ebook,
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ใ“ใฎ็„กๆ–™ใฎ้›ปๅญใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:58
and this will also sign you up to the waiting list
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€
02:01
for my beautiful British English C1 programme.
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็งใฎ็พŽใ—ใ„ ่‹ฑๅ›ฝ่‹ฑ่ชž C1 ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใฎๅพ…ๆฉŸใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใซใ‚ตใ‚คใƒณใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:05
All you need to do is click on the link
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02:07
in the description box,
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่ชฌๆ˜Žใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใ€
02:08
you type in your name and your email address,
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ๅๅ‰ ใจ้›ปๅญใƒกใƒผใƒซ ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใ€
02:10
you sign up to the waiting list,
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้ †็•ชๅพ…ใกใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใซ็™ป้Œฒใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ€
02:12
and then the C1 ebook will arrive directly in your inbox.
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C1 ้›ปๅญใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใŒ ๅ—ไฟก็ฎฑใซ็›ดๆŽฅๅฑŠใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:16
Then you're on my waiting list.
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใฎ้ †็•ชๅพ…ใกใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใซ่ผ‰ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใค
02:17
You will be the first to know when it's released.
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ใƒชใƒชใƒผใ‚นใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆใซ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:20
Okay, I'm going to tell you about the grammar
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ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œ
02:22
that you need to master to be able to say,
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02:24
I am at C1 level in English.
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I am at C1 level in Englishใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:27
But first, let's look a little deeper
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ C1 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่ฉณใ—ใ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
02:29
into what a C1 level of English actually is.
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ใ€‚
02:33
If you reach B2, you are said to be fluent in English,
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B2ใซใชใ‚‹ใจ ่‹ฑ่ชžใŒๅ ช่ƒฝใ ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™
02:38
but C1 takes this further.
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ใŒใ€C1ใฏใ•ใ‚‰ใซ้€ฒใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:41
This is why C1 is the ultimate goal in my opinion.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€ ็งใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใงใฏC1ใŒๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใช็›ฎๆจ™ใงใ‚ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
02:44
C1 is fluency with a deep understanding
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C1 ใฏๆตๆšขใงใ€
02:49
of the nuances of the English language.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใ‚นใ‚’ๆทฑใ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:51
When you achieve C1,
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C1 ใซๅˆฐ้”ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒ่‡ช็„ถใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใง
02:53
and I truly believe you will be able to,
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02:55
you will express yourself
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’่กจ็พใ—ใ€
02:58
with phrases that native speakers naturally use,
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03:02
and you'll be able to do it without thinking,
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03:04
which means saying things like,
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ไฝ•ใ‚‚่€ƒใˆ
03:06
I can't wait to put my own stamp on this place,
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ใšใซ่กจ็พใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ”น่ฃ…ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅพ…ใกใใ‚Œใชใ„ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒณใƒ—ใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
03:09
instead of I can't wait to redecorate.
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ใ€‚
03:12
You use English as if it's part of your instinct.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆœฌ่ƒฝใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ่จ€่‘‰ใซๆ‰‹ใ‚’ไผธใฐใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆŽขใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใชใใ€่‡ช็„ถใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’
03:15
You'll be able to express yourself spontaneously
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่กจ็พใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
03:19
without reaching for or searching for words.
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ใ€‚
03:23
Don't worry, all of us get stuck sometimes.
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ๅฟƒ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
03:26
Even in our native language, we can all relate,
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็งใŸใกใฎๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใงใ•ใˆ ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ็š†ๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
03:29
but I have got a really good trick for that.
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ใŒใ€็งใฏ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใฎๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‰ฏใ„ใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
03:31
One of my favourite parts of the C1 level
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C1 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎ็งใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€
03:35
is that you'll be able to understand
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03:37
subtle jokes in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅพฎๅฆ™ใชใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:39
This means complete participation
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆ—ฅๅธธ็”Ÿๆดปใฎไผš่ฉฑใซๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
03:42
in conversations in everyday life.
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ใ€‚
03:44
I've learnt multiple second languages
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็งใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎ็ฌฌไบŒ่จ€่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใฎใงใ€
03:46
and I know what it's like to be in a group situation
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03:50
where someone says something that's seemingly meaningless
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒไธ€่ฆ‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆ
03:54
and everyone laughs apart from you.
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ใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’้›ขใ‚Œใฆ็ฌ‘ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎ็Šถๆณใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
03:56
It feels bloody lonely.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ่ก€ใพใฟใ‚Œใฎๅญค็‹ฌใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:58
So this might sound like complete
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใงๅฎŒๅ…จใชใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆตๆšขใ•ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
04:00
and utter native-like fluency.
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ใ€‚
04:02
You might be wondering, what is after C1?
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C1 ใฎๆฌกใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
04:05
What could C2 possibly be?
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C2 ใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏ?
04:08
Well, C2 is the highest level of English.
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ใพใ‚ใ€C2ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆœ€้ซ˜ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
04:11
Here, you have a near native understanding.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซ่ฟ‘ใ„็†่งฃใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๅฃ่ชž
04:13
You can comprehend and summarise
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04:16
almost everything you read and listen to,
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04:18
including colloquialisms or regional language,
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่กจ็พ ใ‚„ๅœฐๅŸŸใฎ่จ€่ชžใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใ€่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ‚Š่žใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ™ในใฆใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆ่ฆ็ด„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ใฉใ‚“ใช็Šถๆณใงใ‚‚่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅพฎๅฆ™ใชใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใ‚นใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆ
04:22
and you can express yourself with an understanding
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
04:24
of the finest nuances of English
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04:27
in just about any situation.
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ใ€‚
04:30
Oh, and you need to know around 16,000 words.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ็ด„16,000่ชžใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
04:34
Obviously, this is just a rough guide.
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ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ๅคงใพใ‹ใชใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:36
As a teacher, I encourage all of my students
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ๆ•™ๅธซใจใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏ ใ™ในใฆใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใซ
04:40
to aim for a B2 level of English.
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B2 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’็›ฎๆŒ‡ใ™ใ‚ˆใ†ๅ‹งใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:43
I encourage my students who are truly passionate
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็งใฏใ€
04:46
about English, British culture,
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ€่‹ฑๅ›ฝๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใซ็œŸใซๆƒ…็†ฑใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็”Ÿๅพ’ใ€
04:49
the students who want to excel,
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ๅ„ช็ง€ใซใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„็”Ÿๅพ’ใซใฏใ€C1 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’
04:51
I recommend that they go for the C1 level of English.
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ๅ—่ฌ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:54
With B2, you would be able to work in English,
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B2 ใชใ‚‰ ่‹ฑ่ชžใงไป•ไบ‹ใŒใงใใพใ™
04:58
but C1 is about reaching that level
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ใŒใ€C1 ใฏใ€่จ€่‘‰ใซๆ‰‹ใ‚’ไผธใฐใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใฎใชใ„ๅฟซ้ฉใ•ใจใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซๅˆฐ้”ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™
05:00
of comfort and relaxation,
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05:03
where you don't have to reach for words.
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ใ€‚
05:05
You know them as part of your instinct.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌ่ƒฝใฎไธ€้ƒจใจใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:07
So let's talk about grammar.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:10
When you do A1, B1, and B2,
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A1ใ€B1ใ€B2 ใ‚’่กŒใ†ใจใ€
05:13
you have a lot of grammar to learn.
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ๅญฆใถในใๆ–‡ๆณ•ใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:16
In my B1 programme, there is loads of grammar,
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็งใฎ B1 ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใงใฏใ€
05:20
a big focus on tenses.
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ๆ™‚ๅˆถใซ้‡็‚นใ‚’็ฝฎใ„ใŸๆ–‡ๆณ•ใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:23
In B2, there's still a lot of grammar.
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B2 ใซใฏใพใ ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:27
C1 is less about learning
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C1 ใงใฏใ€
05:29
entirely new grammatical structures,
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ใพใฃใŸใๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆ–‡ๆณ•ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚B2 ไปฅไธ‹ใงใใฎ
05:32
because you should have already learnt most
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ‚’ใ™ใงใซๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใšใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
05:34
of that at B2 and below.
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ใ€‚
05:37
Instead, C1 is about learning grammatical nuances.
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€C1 ใฏ ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใ‚นใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
05:42
So it's adding to your repertoire of phrases
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฎใƒฌใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆใƒชใƒผใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—
05:45
and building your instincts for English grammar.
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๆœฌ่ƒฝใ‚’ๆง‹็ฏ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:48
B1 and B2 are about introducing big new topics.
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B1 ใจ B2 ใฏใ€ ๅคงใใชๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
05:52
C1 is about fine-tuning and tweaking.
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C1 ใฏใ€ๅพฎ่ชฟๆ•ดใจๅพฎ่ชฟๆ•ดใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
05:56
Let's take a look at the grammar
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05:57
that you need to know for the C1 level.
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C1ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใง็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:00
We'll start with the tenses.
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ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ C1 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใง่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’
06:02
If you feel ready to study at C1 level in English,
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ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€
06:06
you should already have a strong foundation
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ใ™ใงใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎๅŸบ็คŽใ‚’ใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใจ่บซใซใคใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™
06:08
in the English tenses.
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ใ€‚
06:09
However, a C1 programme or course
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€C1 ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใพใŸใฏใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใงใฏใ€้ซ˜ๅบฆใชไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใ€
06:12
will provide you with revision
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06:14
of the past, present, and future tenses
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้ŽๅŽปใ€็พๅœจใ€ๆœชๆฅใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใพใ™
06:17
with a focus on their advanced uses,
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ใ€‚
06:19
and this is exactly what we will do
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใพใ•ใซใ€
06:20
in my beautiful British English C1 programme.
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็งใฎ็พŽใ—ใ„ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น ่‹ฑ่ชž C1 ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใง่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:24
For example, you should know
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็พๅœจใซใคใ„ใฆๆŽจๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆœชๆฅๅฎŒไบ†ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
06:26
how to use the future perfect tense
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06:28
to make assumptions about the present.
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ใ€‚
06:31
For example, I'm sure my husband will have noticed
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ๅคซใฏ็งใŒ
06:35
that I used all the milk this morning.
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ไปŠๆœ็‰›ไนณใ‚’ๅ…จ้ƒจไฝฟใ„ๅˆ‡ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
06:37
If you're studying at C1,
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C1 ใงๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
06:38
you should also learn how to talk about the future
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06:41
using some advanced structures
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06:42
like to be set to and to be on the verge of,
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set to ใ‚„ be on the verge ใชใฉใฎ้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆๆœชๆฅใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚‚ๅญฆใถๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:47
and you need to know when it is appropriate
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ใพใŸใ€
06:49
to use these structures.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ใ„ใคไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้ฉๅˆ‡ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:50
Let's move on to modals.
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ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:52
At C1 level, you should be comfortable
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C1 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใงใฏใ€
06:55
with using modal verbs,
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ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไฝฟ็”จใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆŽจ่ซ–ใจๆผ”็นนใฎใŸใ‚ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆง‹้€ ใ‚’
06:57
and you should know some advanced structures
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็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:00
for speculation and deduction,
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07:02
and you'll also be comfortable with using modal verbs
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ใพใŸใ€ ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใจ
07:06
with adverbs that collocate with them,
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใจๅ…ฑ้…็ฝฎใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’
07:08
like they could conceivably have driven all that way
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ไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚‚ๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:12
in one night, but it's unlikely.
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ไธ€ๆ™ฉใงใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏไฝŽใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ชใƒƒใ‚บใชใฉใฎ
07:14
You'd also know how to use structures
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ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚‚็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
07:16
such as the odds are or I dare say.
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ใ€‚
07:19
For example, I dare say I'll have to brush up
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
07:22
on my grammar before I do a new course.
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ๅ—่ฌ›ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ใƒ–ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ‚ใˆใฆ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™.
07:25
Conditionals.
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ๆกไปถใ€‚
07:26
At C1 level, you should already be familiar
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C1 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใงใฏใ€
07:28
with the basic conditionals and the mixed conditionals,
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชๆกไปถๆ–‡ ใจๆททๅˆๆกไปถๆ–‡ใซใ™ใงใซ็ฒพ้€šใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™
07:32
but when you're at C1,
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ใŒใ€C1 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ€if ใ‚’็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹
07:33
you're going to learn about a range of words
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ˜่ชž
07:35
and phrases to replace if,
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ใ‚„ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใซใคใ„ใฆๅญฆใณใ€
07:38
and to take your conditionals to a more advanced level.
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ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใชใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใ€‚
07:41
For example, this is quite advanced,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใชใ“ใจใงใ™
07:43
but for a wonderful trip to Spain when I was younger,
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ใŒใ€ ่‹ฅใ„้ ƒใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณๆ—…่กŒใซ่กŒใฃใŸใจใใฏใ€ใใฎ่จ€่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฑบๅฟƒใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฏ
07:46
I would never have decided to learn the language,
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ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ—ใ€
07:49
or given that I'd like to achieve the C1 level of English,
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ C1 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใ‚’้”ๆˆใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใ‚‚ใฃใจ
07:54
I'm going to have to study harder.
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ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
07:56
Can you see how it's kind of like B2 on steroids, C1?
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒญใ‚คใƒ‰ใฎ B2ใ€C1 ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
08:01
What about the passive voice?
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:03
Again, if you've reached C1,
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€C1 ใซๅˆฐ้”ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใซ
08:05
you should be well-versed in how the passive voice is used.
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็ฒพ้€šใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
08:11
But at C1, there will be more of a focus
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€C1 ใงใฏใ€
08:14
on using the passive infinitive and passive ING forms.
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ๅ—ๅ‹•็š„ใชไธๅฎš่ฉž ใจๅ—ๅ‹•็š„ใช ING ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใฎไฝฟ็”จใซ้‡็‚นใŒ็ฝฎใ‹ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
08:18
For example, Lucy recalled having been taught
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใฏ
08:22
about the passive voice at some point in the past.
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้ŽๅŽปใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚็‚นใงๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใซใคใ„ใฆๆ•™ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:25
You'll also need to learn about the subtle differences
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ใพใŸใ€
08:28
between phrases like there's nothing to do
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there's nothing to do
08:31
and there's nothing to be done.
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ใจ there's nothing to be do ใชใฉใ€ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บ้–“ใฎๅพฎๅฆ™ใช้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๅญฆใถๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธก่€…ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎ
08:34
Just a subtle difference in meaning between the two,
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ๅพฎๅฆ™ใช้•ใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€
08:36
but important.
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้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
08:37
You'll also need to have a strong understanding
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ใพใŸใ€
08:39
of how to use negative inversion
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่ฒ ใฎๅ่ปขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใจใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใซ
08:42
to add emphasis and variation
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ๅผท่ชฟใจใƒใƒชใ‚จใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
08:45
to your writing and your speaking.
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ใ€‚
08:47
Inversion is used widely in literary contexts,
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ๅ่ปขใฏๆ–‡ๅญฆ็š„ใชๆ–‡่„ˆใงๅบƒใไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹
08:51
so understanding this structure
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
08:53
will help you to comprehend and analyse
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08:56
a wide range of texts more effectively,
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใ€
08:59
particularly those with complex or literary styles.
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็‰นใซ ่ค‡้›‘ใชใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใ‚„ๆ–‡ๅญฆ็š„ใชใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใฎใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใซ็†่งฃใ—ใฆๅˆ†ๆžใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
09:03
For example, never have I seen such a beautiful sunset,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ“ใ‚“ใชใซใใ‚Œใ„ใชๅค•็„ผใ‘ใฏๅˆใ‚ใฆใ ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€
09:08
or such was the commotion
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09:11
that I could barely hear myself think.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่€ƒใˆใŒใปใจใ‚“ใฉ่žใ“ใˆใชใ„ใปใฉใฎ้จ’ใŽใ ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€‚
09:13
I love inversion in English.
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็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ่ปขใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
09:16
I think it sounds bloody beautiful.
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็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ่ก€ใพใฟใ‚Œใฎ็พŽใ—ใ„้Ÿณใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚“ใชใซ็พŽใ—ใ„ๆ–‡ๆณ•ๆง‹้€ ใซ
09:18
Never have I come across
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ๅ‡บไผšใฃใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
09:20
such a beautiful grammatical structure.
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ใ€‚
09:24
Oh, we have to mention hedging and boosting.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ ใƒ˜ใƒƒใ‚ธใƒณใ‚ฐใจใƒ–ใƒผใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ๅŠใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:28
Those who have a C1 level should be familiar
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C1 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใฏใ€
09:30
with hedging and boosting when writing and speaking.
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ๆ›ธใใจใใ‚‚่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ‚‚ใ€ใƒ˜ใƒƒใ‚ธใƒณใ‚ฐใจใƒ–ใƒผใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใซ็ฒพ้€šใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:34
So hedging is a linguistic strategy
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒ˜ใƒƒใ‚ธใจใฏใ€
09:36
that allows speakers to soften or downplay
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่ฉฑ่€…ใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็™บ่จ€ใฎๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅ’Œใ‚‰ใ’ใŸใ‚Šใ€่ปฝ่ฆ–ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฏ่ƒฝใซใ™ใ‚‹่จ€่ชžๆˆฆ็•ฅใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
09:40
the force of their statements,
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09:42
often by using hedging verbs like to seem
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใƒ˜ใƒƒใ‚ธๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ€ใ‚ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Šใ€
09:45
or the passive voice and adverbs like presumably.
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ๅ—ๅ‹•็š„ใชๅฃฐใ‚„ ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:50
This is something we do a lot in British English.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒ ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚ˆใ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
09:53
Hedging is part of our culture.
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ใƒ˜ใƒƒใ‚ธใฏ็งใŸใกใฎๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ™ใ€‚
09:55
For example, it seems like this might be a good solution,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ€ใˆใพใ™
10:00
but boosting, on the other hand,
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ใŒใ€ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ใƒ–ใƒผใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใซใฏใ€
10:02
involves using language to increase the force
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่จ€่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ
10:05
or impact of a statement,
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใฎๅŠ›ใพใŸใฏๅฝฑ้ŸฟๅŠ›ใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
10:07
often by using adverbs like undeniably
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€undeniably ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ‰ฏ่ฉž
10:10
or strong verbs like to prove.
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ใ‚„่จผๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใชๅผทใ„ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:13
For example, this has been proven
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ
10:16
to be the best solution to our problem.
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็งใŸใกใฎๅ•้กŒใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€่‰ฏใฎ่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ่จผๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎC1ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใ‚’้”ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ
10:18
Another really important aspect
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ใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใฎ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใชๅด้ขใฏใ€
10:20
of achieving a C1 level of English
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10:22
is understanding the various meanings
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10:24
of a number of phrasal verbs.
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ๅคšใใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™.
10:27
Depending on the context,
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ๆ–‡่„ˆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€
10:28
phrasal verbs can take on different meanings,
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ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใกใพใ™ใŒใ€
10:31
but to effectively communicate
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10:33
and understand advanced conversations,
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้ซ˜ๅบฆใชไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใซไผใˆใฆ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไฝฟ็”จใซ
10:35
you will need proficiency in using phrasal verbs.
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็ฟ’็†Ÿใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
10:38
There's no escaping them at this point.
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ใ“ใฎๆ™‚็‚นใงๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’้€ƒใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ่จญๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹
10:40
I'll show you a quick example
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็ฐกๅ˜ใชไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™
10:41
using the phrasal verb to set up.
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ใ€‚ ไผš่ญฐใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’่จญๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€
10:44
We have to set up, meaning to organise or arrange,
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่จญๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ็ต„็น”ๅŒ–ใพใŸใฏๆ‰‹้…ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
10:48
to set up a time for a meeting.
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ใ€‚
10:49
We can also set people up on a date.
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ไบบใ‚’ใƒ‡ใƒผใƒˆใซ่ช˜ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒญใƒžใƒณใ‚นใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹็›ฎ็š„ใงใ€
10:53
We can put two people together
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2 ไบบใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
10:55
with the intention of informing a romance.
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ใ€‚
10:58
My friend set me up with her cousin.
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็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎใ„ใจใ“ใจ็งใ‚’ใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:00
We could also have to set someone up,
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ใพใŸใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ใ ใพใ—ใฆใ€ๅฑˆ่พฑใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ ใพใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹็Šถๆณใซ็ฝฎใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
11:02
meaning to trick someone to put them in a situation
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11:06
where they're going to be humiliated or tricked.
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ใ€‚ ไปฎ่ฃ…ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใ ใจ
11:08
You set me up when you told me it was a fancy dress party.
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่จ€ใฃใŸใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใ‚’ใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
11:12
Everyone else was in black tie.
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ไป–ใฎใฟใ‚“ใชใฏ้ป’ใ„ใƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใ‚คใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:13
We also have to set up as in to put things into place.
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ใพใŸใ€ ็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’้ฉๅˆ‡ใชๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ้…็ฝฎใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:17
I need to set up my filming studio
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11:19
so I can make some lessons.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่กŒใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๆ’ฎๅฝฑใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚ธใ‚ชใ‚’ใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ C1 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒ็ฟ’ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
11:21
Some of the most important grammatical tools
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ใƒ„ใƒผใƒซใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฏใ€
11:23
that C1 level students need to master
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11:26
are the use of coordinating, correlative
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ๅ”่ชฟๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใ€็›ธ้–ขๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉž
11:29
and subordinating conjunctions and connectors
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ใ€ๅพ“ๅฑžๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใ€ ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใฎไฝฟ็”จใงใ™ใ€‚
11:32
because they enable you to form more complex
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ค‡้›‘ใง
11:35
and varied sentence structures,
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ๅคšๆง˜ใชๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ—ใ€
11:37
enhancing your ability to express ideas and arguments.
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ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚„่ญฐ่ซ–ใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:42
These tools also help you to establish
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒ„ใƒผใƒซใฏใ€
11:44
logical connections between ideas,
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ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ข้–“ใฎ่ซ–็†็š„ใชใคใชใŒใ‚Šใ‚’็ขบ็ซ‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซใ‚‚ๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใ€
11:46
making written and spoken communication more coherent,
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ๆ›ธ้ขใŠใ‚ˆใณๅฃ้ ญใงใฎ ใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅ…จไฝ“็š„ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ฒซๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
11:50
persuasive and fluid overall.
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่ชฌๅพ—ๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆตๅ‹•็š„ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:53
Now these should have been learnt at B1 and B2 level,
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็พๅœจใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ B1 ใŠใ‚ˆใณ B2 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใงๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™
11:57
but a demonstrated level of proficiency
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ใŒใ€C1 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใงใฏๅฎŸ่จผใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎ็ฟ’็†ŸๅบฆใŒ
12:00
is really necessary at the C1 level.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
12:03
Okay, that in general is the majority of the grammar
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ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใฏใ€
12:06
that you need to know to say
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12:08
that you're at a C1 level of English.
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C1 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใŸใ‚ใซ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎๅคง้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:10
There is more and I put it in the ebook
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ไป–ใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€้›ปๅญใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซๆŽฒ่ผ‰ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:14
and I also cover the other skills that you need
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ใพใŸใ€C1 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ ๅฟ…่ฆใชใใฎไป–ใฎใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€
12:17
to be at a C1 level and we do a deep dive
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12:20
on the vocabulary that you know
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹่ชžๅฝ™ใซใคใ„ใฆๆทฑใๆŽ˜ใ‚Šไธ‹ใ’ใพใ™
12:22
because it is such a jump.
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ใ€‚ 5 ๆœˆ 15 ๆ—ฅใซ้–“ใ‚‚ใชใ้–‹ๅง‹ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
12:23
It's all there for you to download it
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ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ—ใฆ
12:25
and to join my C1 programme waiting list
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็งใฎ C1 ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใฎๅพ…ๆฉŸใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™
12:28
because we launch very soon on the 15th of May.
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ใ€‚
12:30
Click on the link in the description box.
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่ชฌๆ˜Žใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:33
Okay, how did you find that?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
12:35
What do you think is your level of English
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฏใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
12:37
and what is your ultimate goal?
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ใพใŸใ€ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใช็›ฎๆจ™ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใง
12:40
I'd like you to share two things
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2ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„
12:41
in the comment section today.
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.
12:43
Current level, current predicted level and goal level.
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็พๅœจใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใ€็พๅœจใฎ ไบˆๆธฌใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ็›ฎๆจ™ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใ€‚
12:48
Is it that B2 fluency level?
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ใใ‚ŒใฏB2ๆตๆšขใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:50
Is it that C1 excellence advanced level
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ใใ‚Œใฏ C1 ใ‚จใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒฌใƒณใ‚น ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใƒณใ‚นใƒ‰ ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใงใ™ใ‹ใ€
12:54
or is it the crazy near native level of C2?
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ C2 ใฎใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ธใƒผใซ่ฟ‘ใ„ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใงใ™ใ‹?
12:57
Interestingly, we do actually include
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่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ“ใจใซใ€
12:59
a lot of C2 level grammar and topics
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13:02
in our C1 programme for students who want to overshoot
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C1 ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใซใฏใ€็›ฎๆจ™ใ‚’้”ๆˆใ—ใŸใ„ ๅญฆ็”Ÿใ‚„ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘
13:06
and just want to achieve that little bit more.
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้”ๆˆใ—ใŸใ„ๅญฆ็”Ÿๅ‘ใ‘ใซใ€C2 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใจใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซๅคšใๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
13:08
That's all from me today.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏไปฅไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚
13:09
I hope you found this lesson useful.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒใŠๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฆใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:11
Don't forget to download the ebook.
289
791340
1440
้›ปๅญใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:12
I will see you next week for another lesson.
290
792780
2512
ๆฅ้€ฑใ€ๅˆฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:15
Mwah.
291
795292
833
ใƒ ใƒฏใƒผใ€‚
13:16
(upbeat music)
292
796125
2667
(ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„้Ÿณๆฅฝ)
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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