English Grammar Explained. Mistakes That You Need to Avoid in English

51,962 views ใƒป 2025-01-09

English Lessons with Kate


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Today weโ€™re going to talk about Grammar,ย  and weโ€™ll learn 18 common mistakes thatย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:06
students make from Beginner to Advanced Hello and welcome to English lessons withย ย 
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์ดˆ๊ธ‰๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํ”ํžˆ ํ•˜๋Š” 18๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ผ€์ดํŠธ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ๋ ˆ์Šจ์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:16
Kate. In this video weโ€™re going to learn theย  common mistakes that beginner, intermediateย ย 
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. ์ด ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ดˆ๋ณด, ์ค‘๊ธ‰
00:22
and advanced students make in English. Letโ€™s start with the Beginner Level. ย 
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, ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๋ณด์ž ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
Look at these 2 sentences. She do her homework every evening.ย ย 
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์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์ €๋… ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
She have two brothers Whatโ€™s wrong? Timer ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ช…์˜ ํ˜•์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์•ผ? ํƒ€์ด๋จธ
00:41
Great! These sentences are in the present simpleย  tense. We say I do, You do, We do. However,ย ย 
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์ข‹์•„์š”! ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค', '๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
00:51
we always use 'does' instead of 'do'ย  when talking about 'she, he or itโ€™. ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€, ๊ทธ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ํ•ญ์ƒ 'do' ๋Œ€์‹  'does'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
She does, he does, it does. She doesย  her homework every evening. The subjectย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์ €๋… ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š”
01:07
is SHE. The verb needs to have an โ€“s. Look at the second sentence. The subjectย ย 
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SHE์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‚ฌ์—๋Š” -s๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š”
01:14
is SHE. "Have" changes to "has" to agreeย  with the subject "she." I have, you have,ย ย 
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SHE์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "Have"๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด "she"์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก "has"๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋„ˆ๋Š” ์žˆ๊ณ ,
01:23
we have, he has, she has. She has two brothers. ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋Š” ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ช…์˜ ํ˜•์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
Common mistake number 2.ย  Look at these sentences. ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ 2. ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:34
She can to speak three languages.ย  You should to exercise more. ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
You must to wear a seatbelt in the car.ย  Do you see any mistakes here? Timer ย 
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์ž๋™์ฐจ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „๋ฒจํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด๋‚˜์š”? ํƒ€์ด๋จธ
01:51
Now letโ€™s clarify this. What are theย  main verbs in these three sentences? ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์„ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:58
Number 1 is speak, number two isย  exercise and number three is wear. ย 
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1๋ฒˆ์€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , 2๋ฒˆ์€ ์šด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , 3๋ฒˆ์€ ์ž…๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
We have not only main verbs but alsoย  modal verbs. Can, should, must. ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๋„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค, ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค, ๊ผญ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
02:14
In these three sentencesย  we have three modal verbs. ย 
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์ด ์„ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
Thereโ€™s an important rule. When we haveย  a modal verb- can, could, would, should,ย ย 
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ can, could, would, should,
02:27
may, must, after modal verbs we never useย  TO. We use the base form of the verb. ย 
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may, must๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์—๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” TO๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
Thereโ€™s no TO, thereโ€™s no โ€“s, weย  use just the base form of the verb. ย 
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TO๋„ ์—†๊ณ  -s๋„ ์—†๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
She can to speak three languages? No! Sheย  can speak three languages. This is correct. ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”! ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
You should to exercise more? (shakingย  head) You should exercise more. ย 
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์šด๋™์„ ๋” ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ( ๊ณ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ”๋“ค๋ฉฐ) ์šด๋™์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
02:59
You must to wear a seatbelt in the car?ย  No. You must wear a seatbelt in the car. ย 
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์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํƒˆ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „๋ฒจํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ผญ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”. ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „๋ฒจํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
Common mistake number 3. I go to the store yesterday. Whatโ€™sย ย 
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ํ”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ 3๋ฒˆ. ์–ด์ œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๊ฐ”์–ด์š”.
03:14
the mistake here? (timer) Let's clear this up. Isย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? (ํƒ€์ด๋จธ) ์ด๊ฑธ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
this sentence past or present? It is past. I go is present. I went isย ย 
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ธ๊ฐ€์š” ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
03:30
past. Beginners often misuse tenses. The correct sentence should be. Yesterday,ย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๋ณด์ž๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ž˜๋ชป ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ œ
03:37
I went to the store. Mistake number 4! ย 
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ 4!
03:41
There is many books on the shelf.ย  We was friends in high school. ย 
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์„ ๋ฐ˜์—๋Š” ์ฑ…์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๋•Œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜€์–ด์š”.
03:47
Whatโ€™s the mistake here? (timer) Letโ€™s see. What is the subject inย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? (ํƒ€์ด๋จธ) ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:55
the first sentence? The subject is people. In the second sentence? The subject is WE. ย 
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š”? ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” WE์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
Now look at the verbs, IS and WAS. ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ IS์™€ WAS๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:05
Is and was are singular. But look atย  the subjects. Books and we are plural. ย 
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Is์™€ was๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š” . ์ฑ…๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
This is not correct. If the subject isย  plural, the verb also needs to be plural. ย 
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์ด๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๋„ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
This is called the subject-verb agreement. So the first sentence should be - There areย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ์–ด-๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '
04:25
many books on the shelf. And the second sentenceย  should be - We WERE friends in high school. ย 
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์„ ๋ฐ˜์— ์ฑ…์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๋•Œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
And common mistake numberย  5. Look at these examples. ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ 5. ๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:39
I have car. I live in big house. Do you see any mistakes? ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๋‚˜๋Š” ํฐ ์ง‘์— ์‚ด์•„์š”. ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
04:47
Something is missing here. We have to sayย  - "I have a car. I live in a big house." ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋น ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๋‚˜๋Š” ํฐ ์ง‘์— ์‚ด์•„์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
Articles are necessary in English. We canย  count- 1 car, 2 cars, 3 carsโ€ฆ 1 house,ย ย 
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์˜์–ด๋กœ๋Š” ๊ด€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฐจ 1๋Œ€, ์ฐจ 2๋Œ€, ์ฐจ 3๋Œ€... ์ง‘ 1์ฑ„,
05:05
2 houses, 3 houses. We need to use an articleย  โ€˜aโ€™ before these words. A car, a house. We use a,ย ย 
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์ง‘ 2์ฑ„, ์ง‘ 3์ฑ„๋กœ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค ์•ž์—๋Š” ๊ด€์‚ฌ 'a'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋™์ฐจ, ์ง‘. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
05:15
an and the before countable nouns. If you needย  to know more about using articles in English,ย ย 
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๊ฐ€์‚ฐ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์— a, an, the๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๊ด€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:23
you can watch this video (ะฟะพะบะฐะทะฐั‚ัŒ ััั‹ะปะบัƒ) Mistake number 6 ย 
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๋งํฌ ํด๋ฆญ) ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ 6.
05:27
Look and these two sentences. Me and my friend went to the park.ย ย 
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์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋‚˜์™€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณต์›์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
05:33
I and my sister are planning a trip. Are these sentences correct? (timer) ย 
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์ €์™€ ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ์€ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์€ ๋งž๋Š”๊ฐ€์š”? (ํƒ€์ด๋จธ)
05:43
Of course, they are wrong. When you use "and" to connectย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ‹€๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์†์—์„œ 'and'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
05:48
yourself with others in a sentence, weย  should place others first and yourself last. ย 
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์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ๋•Œ, ' ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ'์„ ๋งจ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๋†“๊ณ  '๋‚˜'๋ฅผ ๋งจ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์— ๋†“์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
We should say my friend and I went to theย  park. My sister and I are planning a trip. ย 
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์ €์™€ ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณต์›์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š” . ์ €์™€ ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ์€ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
It's correct to mention others before yourself. Alright, letโ€™s move on to the Intermediate Levelย ย 
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์ž์‹ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋จผ์ € ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ค‘๊ธ‰ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:11
Mistakes. Are you ready? Letโ€™s talk about 6 commonย ย 
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. ์ค€๋น„๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ํ”ํžˆ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:15
mistakes. Mistake number 1. Look at these two sentences. ย 
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. ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ 1. ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:19
There are much furniture in theย  room. I have a big luggage. ย 
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๋ฐฉ์— ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ํฐ ์ง์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:25
Whatโ€™s wrong here? Timer Now let me break it down for you. ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์š”? ํƒ€์ด๋จธ ์ด์ œ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
Furniture means things such as chairs,ย  tables, beds, cupboards. Is it plural? ย 
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๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ž€ ์˜์ž, ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”, ์นจ๋Œ€, ์ฐฌ์žฅ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
06:39
No, it is singular. Furniture is an uncountableย  noun and is not used in the plural. ย 
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
So we should say - There isย  much furniture in the room. ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค - ๋ฐฉ์— ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
But what about the next sentence? I have a bigย  luggage? Do we say, one luggage, two luggages,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์–ด๋–ค๊ฐ€์š”? ์ง์ด ํฐ๋ฐ์š”? ์ง ํ•˜๋‚˜, ์ง ๋‘˜,
06:59
three luggages? It would be wrong to sayย  this. The word luggage is uncountable. ย 
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์ง ์…‹์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค . ์ง(luggage)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค.
07:06
And you know that we donโ€™t useย  articles before uncountable nouns. ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ๊ด€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:16
Common mistake number 2. Look at these two sentences. She enjoysย ย 
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ํ”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ 2๋ฒˆ. ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
07:22
to read books. I avoid to eat late at night. What do you think about these twoย ย 
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์ฑ… ์ฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐค๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ”ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”
07:31
sentences? Whatโ€™s wrong here? (timer) Letโ€™s look at the verbs here. Enjoy and Avoid. ย 
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? ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์š”? (ํƒ€์ด๋จธ) ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ํ”ผํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
07:43
After these two verbs we always use a gerund.ย  What is a gerund? It is a verb + ing. ย 
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์ด ๋‘ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์—๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? ๋™์‚ฌ+ing์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
So the correct sentence isย  She enjoys reading books. ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๊ธด๋‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
And the next sentence is I avoidย  eating late at night. After the verbsย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐค๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ”ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‚ฌ
08:05
"enjoy" and "avoid," we always use a gerund. Mistake number three at the Intermediate Level ย 
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'์ฆ๊ธฐ๋‹ค'์™€ 'ํ”ผํ•˜๋‹ค' ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ธ‰ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ์˜ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ด
08:13
Look at these sentences. Everyone are readyย  for the lesson. Do anyone know the time? Noย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
08:21
one want to be alone. Whatโ€™s wrong withย ย 
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ํ˜ผ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
these three sentences? (timer) Let me break it down for you. In English,ย ย 
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์ด ์„ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”? (ํƒ€์ด๋จธ) ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์–ด์—์„œ
08:33
everyone, anyone, no one, someone, these words areย  always singular. Even when youโ€™re talking about aย ย 
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everyone, anyone, no one, someone์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„
08:43
large group of people, these words are singular. So, letโ€™s fix these sentences together. ย 
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ์ณ๋ณด์ฃ .
08:51
Everyone are ready for the lesson?ย  No, everyone is ready for the lesson. ย 
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๋ชจ๋‘๋“ค ์ˆ˜์—… ์ค€๋น„ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ˆ˜์—… ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
Do anyone know the time? This is not correct.ย  Does anyone know the time? This is correct. ย 
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์ด๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์ด๋Š” ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
No one want to be alone? This is wrong. Noย  one wants to be alone. This is correct. ย 
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ํ˜ผ์ž ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”? ์ด๊ฑด ํ‹€๋ ธ์–ด์š”. ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ํ˜ผ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
Mistake number four. I have been workingย ย 
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๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜. ์ €๋Š”
09:19
here since three years. They have lived in the Unitedย ย 
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3๋…„์งธ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
09:23
States since the past two years. Where is the mistake? (timer) ย 
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์ง€๋‚œ 2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋””์— ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? (ํƒ€์ด๋จธ)
09:33
We should say - I have beenย  working here for three years. ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 3๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
They have lived in the Unitedย  States for the past two years. ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๋‚œ 2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
We use since to talk about aย  starting point in time, andย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ ์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ since๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ,
09:49
we use for to talk about the duration of time. For example, I have been working here since 2021.ย ย 
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง€์† ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ for๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ €๋Š” 2021๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
2021 is the starting point. We use "since." But when we talk about the duration of timeย ย 
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2021๋…„์ด ์‹œ์ž‘์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "since"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง€์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ,
10:08
and want to emphasize how long somethingย  has been happening, we use "for." I haveย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "for"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š”
10:16
been working here for three years. They haveย  lived in the United States for the past twoย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 3๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๋‚œ 2๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:24
years. Weโ€™re talking about a period of time. Mistake number 5 โ€“ Look at these sentences. ย 
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ 5 โ€“ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:32
I don't need no help. Sheย  can't find nothing to wear. ย 
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์ €๋Š” ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž…์„ ์˜ท์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
Whatโ€™s wrong here? (timer) Let's break this down in simple terms! ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์š”? (ํƒ€์ด๋จธ) ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
10:46
Sentence 1: "I don't need noย  help." What happened here? ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ 1: "๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋„์›€๋„ ํ•„์š” ์—†์–ด์š” ." ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‚˜์š”?
10:52
The word "don't" means "do not," which is alreadyย  negative. The word "no" is also negative. ย 
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"don't"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” "ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ๋ผ"๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ, ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋„ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ด๋‹ค.
11:00
In English grammar, using two negativesย  like this, in the same sentence,ย ย 
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์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
11:06
is called a double negative, and it can causeย  confusion because two negatives cancel eachย ย 
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์ด์ค‘ ๋ถ€์ •์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ด ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:13
other out. We canโ€™t use double negatives. What should it be? To follow standardย ย 
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. ์ด์ค‘ ๋ถ€์ •์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ํ‘œ์ค€
11:21
grammar rules, use only one negative: I don't need help. I don't need any help. ย 
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”: ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š” ์—†์–ด์š”. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
OR: I need no help. (Itโ€™s lessย  common but still correct!) ย 
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ํ˜น์€: ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๋œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!)
11:34
Sentence 2: "She can't find nothing to wear." What happened here? The word "can't" (cannot) isย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ 2: "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž…์„ ์˜ท์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‚˜์š”? "ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค"๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
11:43
a negative. The word "nothing" is also negative. Putting them together creates a double negative,ย ย 
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๋ถ€์ •์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋„ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์น˜๋ฉด ์ด์ค‘ ๋ถ€์ •์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
11:52
which means they cancel each other out. So, whatโ€™s the correct sentence?ย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
11:58
Use only one negative: "She can't find anything to wear." OR:ย ย 
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๋ถ€์ •์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”: "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž…์„ ์˜ท์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”." ๋˜๋Š”:
12:04
"She can find nothing to wear." So, thereโ€™s a simple rule - avoidย ย 
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"๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž…์„ ์˜ท์„ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”." ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
using two negatives in the same sentence! And the last mistake for the intermediate level. ย 
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ •์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”! ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ค‘๊ธ‰ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์‹ค์ˆ˜.
12:18
Letโ€™s look at the two sentences - There were 7 persons at the dinner. ย 
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๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ์—๋Š” 7๋ช…์ด ์ฐธ์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
The childs are playing in theย  park. Whatโ€™s wrong? (timer) ย 
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ณต์›์—์„œ ๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š” . ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์•ผ? (ํƒ€์ด๋จธ)
12:32
Letโ€™s fix these grammar mistakes. Sentence 1: "There were 7 persons at the dinner." ย 
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์  ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์žฅ 1: "์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ์—๋Š” 7๋ช…์ด ์ฐธ์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
12:40
Whatโ€™s the mistake? The word "persons"ย  is not commonly used in English. Instead,ย ย 
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์˜€์ง€? ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” "persons"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์‹ ,
12:47
we use "people" when talking aboutย  a group of individuals in general. ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ "์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:53
Replace "persons" with "people". The correctย  sentence is: "There were 7 people at the dinner." ย 
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"persons"๋ฅผ "people"๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์„ธ์š”. ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ "์ €๋…์‹์‚ฌ์—๋Š” 7๋ช…์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:01
Sentence 2: "The childs are playing in the park." Whatโ€™s the mistake? The word "childs" is wrongย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ 2: "์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ณต์›์—์„œ ๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”." ๋ฌด์Šจ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์˜€์ง€? "childs"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:11
because the plural of "child" is "children", notย  "childs." "The children are playing in the park." ย 
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"child"์˜ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์€ "children"์ด๊ณ  "childs"๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ณต์›์—์„œ ๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”."
13:19
That was the end of the intermediate level. Now weโ€™re going to the last level โ€“ advanced.ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘๊ธ‰ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ๋์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์ธ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
But before we do that, please click that likeย  button and a notification bell so youโ€™ll neverย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ „์—, ์ข‹์•„์š” ๋ฒ„ํŠผ๊ณผ ์•Œ๋ฆผ ๋ฒจ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด
13:32
miss any of my new videos. Now letโ€™s go to the lastย ย 
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์ œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. ์ด์ œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰
13:36
stage โ€“ the Advanced Level. Mistake number 1. Look at these two sentences. ย 
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๋‹จ๊ณ„์ธ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ 1. ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
13:42
The police has arrested two suspects. The team were ready to play theย ย 
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์€ ์šฉ์˜์ž ๋‘ ๋ช…์„ ์ฒดํฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒ€์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:49
game. Whatโ€™s wrong here? timer Sentence 1: "The police has arrestedย ย 
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. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์š”? ํƒ€์ด๋จธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ 1: "๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์€
13:58
two suspects." Whatโ€™s the mistake? The word "police" is a collectiveย ย 
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๋‘ ๋ช…์˜ ์šฉ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ์ฒดํฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋ฌด์Šจ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์˜€์ง€? "๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
14:04
noun that is always plural. The verb "has" is singular,ย ย 
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ธ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‚ฌ "has"๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜
14:10
but it should match the plural subject. So we should use the plural verb "have": ย 
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์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜• ๋™์‚ฌ "have"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
14:17
"The police have arrested twoย  suspects." This is correct. ย 
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"๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์€ ๋‘ ๋ช…์˜ ์šฉ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ์ฒดํฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ด๋Š” ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
Sentence 2: "The team wereย  ready to play the game." ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ 2: "ํŒ€์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
14:26
Whatโ€™s the mistake here? The word "team" is a collective nounย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? "ํŒ€"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
14:31
that is usually singular in American English. The verb "were" is plural, but it should matchย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ธ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‚ฌ "were"๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:38
the singular subject. We need to use theย ย 
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
14:41
singular verb "was" instead of โ€˜wereโ€™: "The team was ready to play the game." ย 
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'were' ๋Œ€์‹  ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ 'was'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "ํŒ€์€ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
14:47
Please remember โ€“ The word Police isย  Always plural (We say "The police are,ย ย 
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” - Police๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "The police are,
14:54
police have, police were). The word Team is Alwaysย ย 
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police have, police were"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค). Team์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ
14:57
singular ( We say The team is, the team was ) Mistake number 2. Look at this sentence. ย 
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๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "The team is, the team was"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค). ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ 2. ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
15:05
"I recommend you to exercise every day."ย  Hmm. Does this sound right to you? (timer) ย 
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"๋งค์ผ ์šด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์Œ. ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋งž๋Š” ๋ง์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? (ํƒ€์ด๋จธ)
15:13
Of course, this is not right. Weย  normally use recommend + a gerund ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต recommend + ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:19
I recommend exercising every day. We do not say โ€“ย  I recommend you exercising every day. I recommendย ย 
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I recommend exercise every day. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” โ€“ I recommend๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งค์ผ ์šด๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š”
15:29
the activity. We use the gerund to express theย  activity. He recommends exercising every day. ย 
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๊ทธ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์šด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:37
When we need to talk about another person,ย  can we say I recommend you to exercise? No.ย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์ €๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”.
15:45
We should say โ€“ I recommend (that) youย  exercise every day. Or we can simpleย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์ผ ์šด๋™ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ
15:53
say - I recommend you exercise every day. Mistake number 3. Look at this sentence. ย 
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"๋งค์ผ ์šด๋™ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ 3. ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
16:00
If we took a taxi, we wouldnโ€™tย  have missed the flight. ย 
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ํƒ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํƒ”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:04
Whatโ€™s the Mistake here? (timer) The sentence mixes two different conditionals: ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?(ํƒ€์ด๋จธ) ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์„ž์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:14
"If we took a taxi" is from the second conditionalย  (used for present or future unreal situations). ย 
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"ํƒ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋ฉด"์€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค (ํ˜„์žฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋จ).
16:23
"We wouldnโ€™t have missed theย  flight" is from the thirdย ย 
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ "๋Š” ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:27
conditional (used for past unreal situations). Why is this wrong? The condition and resultย ย 
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(๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋จ). ์ด๊ฒŒ ์™œ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”? ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”
16:35
need to match the same time frame. Since theย  result is about the past (missing the flight),ย ย 
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๋™์ผํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฒ”์œ„์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ(๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ ๋†“์นจ)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
16:43
the condition also needs to refer to the past. So we need to use the third conditionalย ย 
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์กฐ๊ฑด๋„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
16:50
structure for both parts: "If we had taken a taxi,ย ย 
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๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "ํƒ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํƒ”๋”๋ผ๋ฉด
16:55
we wouldnโ€™t have missed the flight." "If we had taken a taxi" = A pastย ย 
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๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ํ…๋ฐ." "ํƒ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํƒ”๋”๋ผ๋ฉด" = ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜
17:01
unreal condition (what didnโ€™t happen). "We wouldnโ€™t have missed the flight" = Aย ย 
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๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ(์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ผ). "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ" =
17:07
past unreal result (what could have happened). This is a Quick Rule for the Third Conditional: ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ). ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ3์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
17:14
If + past perfect, would have + past participle If we had taken a taxi, we wouldnโ€™tย ย 
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If + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ, would have + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํƒ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํƒ”๋”๋ผ๋ฉด,
17:21
have missed the flight. The next grammar mistake for theย ย 
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๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:25
advanced level. Look at this sentence He said he is going to the store. Doesย ย 
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. ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
17:32
this sound right to you? (timer) The mistake is in tenses. He said heย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ณ์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‚˜์š”? (ํƒ€์ด๋จธ) ์‹œ์ œ์— ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š”
17:42
is going to the store. Why is this wrong? The main verb "said" is in the past tense,ย ย 
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๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒŒ ์™œ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”? ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ "๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค"๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
17:50
so the rest of the sentence (reported speech)ย  should also shift to the past. If you need moreย ย 
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ(๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ๋ง) ๋„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:57
information about reported speech and shiftingย  tenses, I recommend that you watch my grammarย ย 
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๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ๋ฐœํ™”์™€ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— โ€‹โ€‹๊ด€ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
18:04
lesson about Reported speech. The link is here. In reported speech, when the reporting verb (likeย ย 
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๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ๋ฐœํ™”์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งํฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ํ™”๋ฒ•์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ(like
18:12
said) is in the past tense, the verb in theย  second part also needs to shift to the past. ย 
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said)๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:20
"Is going" (present tense) should change toย  "was going" (past tense) to match "said." ย 
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"Is going"(ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•)์€ "sayed"์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก "was going"(๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•)์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:28
"He said he was going to the store." Mistake number 5. And this one is veryย ย 
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”." ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ 5. ์ด๊ฑด
18:35
confusing even for native speakers! Look at these two sentences. I likeย ย 
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๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด ํ™”์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋Š”
18:40
to lay on the couch after work. Sheย  always lies her keys on the counter. ย 
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ํ‡ด๊ทผ ํ›„์—๋Š” ์†ŒํŒŒ์— ๋ˆ„์›Œ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ์นด์šดํ„ฐ ์œ„์— ๋†“์•„๋‘”๋‹ค.
18:47
Do these sentences sound right to you? (timer) Let me clarify this. Sentence 1: "I likeย ย 
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ณ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋‚˜์š”? (ํƒ€์ด๋จธ) ์ข€ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์žฅ 1: "๋‚˜๋Š”
18:56
to lay on the couch after work." Whatโ€™s the mistake? The word "lay"ย ย 
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ํ‡ด๊ทผ ํ›„ ์†ŒํŒŒ์— ๋ˆ„์›Œ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค." ๋ฌด์Šจ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์˜€์ง€? ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ "lay"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
19:02
is wrong here because "lay" means to placeย  something down. And it requires an object.ย ย 
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด "lay"๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋†“๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:10
Thereโ€™s no object in this sentence. What should it be? We use "lie" instead,ย ย 
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ๋Œ€์‹  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "lie"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:16
because "lie" means to recline,ย  and it doesnโ€™t need an object. ย 
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด "lie"๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:21
"I like to lie on the couch after work." Sentence 2: "She always lies her keys onย ย 
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"์ €๋Š” ํ‡ด๊ทผ ํ›„ ์†ŒํŒŒ์— ๋ˆ„์›Œ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์š”." ๋ฌธ์žฅ 2: "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ์นด์šดํ„ฐ ์œ„์— ๋†“์•„๋‘”๋‹ค
19:28
the counter." Whatโ€™s the mistake?ย  The word "lies" is wrong becauseย ย 
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." ๋ฌด์Šจ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์˜€๋‚˜์š”? "๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
19:34
"lie" means to recline, not to place something. Here, she is placing her keys, so you need "lay."ย ย 
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"๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง"์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋†“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ๋†“๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ "๋†“๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:43
"She always lays her keys on the counter." Use "lays" instead because "lay" means toย ย 
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"๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ์นด์šดํ„ฐ ์œ„์— ๋†“์•„๋‘์ฃ ." ๋Œ€์‹  "lays"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. "lay"๋Š”
19:50
place something, and the object is "her keys." Thereโ€™s a quick rule to remember: Lie means Toย ย 
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋†“๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ "her keys"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: '๊ฑฐ์šธ์— ๋น„์นœ ๊ฒƒ'์€
19:58
recline (no object). "I lie on the bed." Lay means To place something (needs anย ย 
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(์‚ฌ๋ฌผ ์—†์ด) ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š” ์นจ๋Œ€์— ๋ˆ„์›Œ ์žˆ์–ด์š”." ๋ ˆ์ด(Lay)๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:06
object). "I lay the book on the table." But! Thereโ€™s a more confusing rule. ย 
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). "๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ์œ„์— ๋†“์•˜๋‹ค." ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ! ์ข€ ๋” ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:13
The past tense of lie is lay:ย  "Yesterday, I lay on the couch." ย 
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lie์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์€ lay์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "์–ด์ œ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์†ŒํŒŒ์— ๋ˆ„์›Œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค."
20:18
The past tense of lay is laid: "Yesterday,ย  I laid my keys on the counter." ย 
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lay์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์€ laid์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์–ด์ œ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ์นด์šดํ„ฐ์— ๋†“์•˜๋‹ค."
20:25
But, Native speakers often mix up "lie" and "lay"ย  in daily conversation. Most people donโ€™t worryย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ์ผ์ƒ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ์ข…์ข… "lie"์™€ "lay"๋ฅผ ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:33
about it. Youโ€™ll hear things like, "Iโ€™m gonna layย  down for a while," even though itโ€™s not correct.ย ย 
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. "์ž ์‹œ ๋ˆ„์›Œ ์žˆ์„๊ฒŒ์š”"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:41
It should be "lie down," but no one really cares.ย  The same goes for sentences like, "Just lie it onย ย 
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"๋ˆ„์›Œ๋ผ"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ์œ„์— ๋†“์•„๋‘์„ธ์š”"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:49
the table." It should be "lay it," but people sayย  it wrong all the time. If people understand you,ย ย 
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. "lay it"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ง์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
20:56
itโ€™s not a big deal in casual conversation. Butย  if youโ€™re taking an exam, donโ€™t mix them up! ย 
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์ผ์ƒ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ๋Š” ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์น˜๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”!
21:04
Mistake number 6 and this is theย  last mistake for the advanced level. ย 
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6๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:09
The most important resource are people. The scariest thing are nightmares. (timer) ย 
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ž์›์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•…๋ชฝ์ด์—์š”. (ํƒ€์ด๋จธ)
21:19
Sentence 1: "The most importantย  resource are people." ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ 1: "๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ž์›์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
21:24
Whatโ€™s the mistake? The word Peopleย  is plural, and this can be confusing,ย ย 
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์˜€์ง€? People์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ํ˜ผ๋™์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:30
because we say โ€“ people areโ€ฆ But, in thisย  case, the subject "resource" is singular. ย 
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” โ€“ people areโ€ฆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด "resource"๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:38
The verb "are" is plural, so it doesnโ€™t match theย  singular subject. In English, the verb must agreeย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ "are"๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š”
21:46
with the subject in number (singular/plural). Since "resource" is singular, you need to useย ย 
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์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์น˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(๋‹จ์ˆ˜/๋ณต์ˆ˜). "resource"๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
21:54
"is". "The most important resource is people." Sentence 2: "The scariest thing are nightmares." ย 
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"is"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ž์›์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋ฌธ์žฅ 2: "๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•…๋ชฝ์ด๋‹ค."
22:03
Thereโ€™s a similar mistake? The subject "thing" isย  singular. The verb "are" is plural, so it doesnโ€™tย ย 
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์ฃผ์–ด "thing"์€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‚ฌ "are"๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
22:12
match the singular subject. Why is this wrong? Theย  verb must agree with the singular subject "thing",ย ย 
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๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒŒ ์™œ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”? ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š”
22:21
even though the word "nightmares" is pluralย  and it follows later in the sentence. ย 
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"nightmares"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜• ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์ธ "thing"๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:27
The correct way to say this: "Theย  scariest thing is nightmares." ย 
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์ด ๋ง์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋ฉด "๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•…๋ชฝ์ด๋‹ค."
22:33
This is the end of the Advanced level stage!ย  Congratulations! Today weโ€™ve talked about theย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•ด์š”! ์˜ค๋Š˜์€
22:39
most common grammar mistakes in English! I hopeย  this lesson was useful for you. Let me know in theย ย 
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์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์  ์‹ค์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:45
comments how many mistakes you noticed. Thank you for watching this video. Pleaseย ย 
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ง€ ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ง ๊ตฌ๋…
22:46
subscribe to my channel if you havenโ€™tย  yet and click that notification bell soย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ตฌ๋… ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ฆผ ์ข…์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ
22:51
youโ€™ll never miss any of my new videos. If you like my content, you can send me aย ย 
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์ œ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด
22:56
Superthanks! If you have any question,ย  you can contact me on Instagram where Iย ย 
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Superthanks!๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”! ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด Instagram์—์„œ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋Š” Instagram์—
23:01
post a lot of useful content. Thank youย  for watching! See you next time. Bye!
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๋งŽ์€ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋˜ ๋ด์š”. ์•ˆ๋…•!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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