Basic English Grammar: What is an auxiliary verb?

537,967 views ใƒป 2014-07-27

English Jade


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
Hi. I'm Jade. What we're talking about today is auxiliary verbs. You don't have to be scared
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚คใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
00:08
of that word, "auxiliary", because it's a grammar word. Basically, what they are is
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ใ€Œ่ฃœๅŠฉใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๆใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๆ–‡ๆณ•็”จ่ชžใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€
00:14
they're helper verbs. They are not the most important verb in the sentence, but they're
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใƒ˜ใƒซใƒ‘ใƒผๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆ–‡ใฎไธญใงๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
00:21
important so we know what tense it is. So the reason I made this lesson today is I found
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้‡่ฆใชใฎใงใ€ๆ™‚ๅˆถใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒไปŠๆ—ฅใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ไฝœใฃใŸ็†็”ฑใฏใ€
00:28
that people who taught English to themselves get to a point where some confusion comes
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’็‹ฌๅญฆใงๆ•™ใˆใŸไบบใŒ ๆททไนฑใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใพใง
00:34
in because if you're watching videos about learning English and things like that, sometimes,
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ๆฅใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็™บ่ฆ‹ใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:39
you're going to hear grammar words that you're not sure about. And then, some confusion can
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ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๆ–‡ๆณ•็”จ่ชžใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆททไนฑใŒ
00:45
happen. So if the teacher says, "Find the verb in the sentence", sometimes, what happens
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็”Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒใ€Œๆ–‡ไธญใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€
00:51
is you just find the verb you know, but you don't realize that it's not the important
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็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ ้‡่ฆใชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใ‹ใชใ„ใ“ใจ
00:57
verb there. So the whole idea of this lesson is to just teach you a bit of grammar so that
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๅ…จไฝ“็š„ใช่€ƒใˆๆ–นใฏ
01:03
you don't get confused in the future when you're watching videos and things like that.
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ใ€ๅพŒใงใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใชใฉใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซๆททไนฑใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใงใ™.
01:08
So yeah. They're helper verbs. They're not the most important verb in the sentence. There
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ใใ†ใใ†ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใƒ˜ใƒซใƒ‘ใƒผๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ๆ–‡ใฎไธญใงๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:15
can be more than one of them in a sentence and even still not being the main verb. It's
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1 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใซ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎ ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใงใฏใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ™‚ๅˆถ
01:23
important because it will help you to recognize the tense, the different tenses of English.
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ใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้‡่ฆใงใ™ ใ€‚
01:29
Maybe you don't use all the tenses actively, but it's still good to be able to recognize
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ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’็ฉๆฅต็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๆ™‚ๅˆถ ใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ่‰ฏใ„
01:33
them. And also, the most important thing about auxiliary verbs is that it's not helpful for
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ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจ ใฏใ€
01:42
you to directly translate these words because you'll just get a really confusing, confusing
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็›ดๆŽฅ็ฟป่จณใ—ใฆ ใ‚‚ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใŸใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™
01:48
meaning. And sometimes, that's a mistake people make. So what we're going to do is go through
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไบบใ€… ใŒ็Šฏใ™้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใง
01:54
the different auxiliary verbs in English and look at the different ways that we use them.
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ ่ชฟในใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:59
So the first one you might not think of as being a helping verb, but it's a good example
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใจใฏๆ€ใˆใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒ
02:05
of what I mean when you see the verb, and then you try to translate it, and it doesn't
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ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ ใฆ็ฟป่จณใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Š
02:12
really give you a good meaning; it doesn't really explain what it means well. The best
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่‰ฏใ„ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ ไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ†ใพใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใฎๆœ€ใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„
02:18
example of that is "be" in the present and past simple. "She is my boss." What does "be"
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ไพ‹ใฏใ€็พๅœจใจ ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชใ€Œbeใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใฎไธŠๅธใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ "be" ใจใฏ
02:26
mean? What does it -- what does "be" mean? I don't know. I was personally confused about
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ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹? ใ€Œbeใ€ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹? ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
02:31
that even though I didn't need to learn English. And what it's doing is being a linking verb.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถๅฟ…่ฆใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใซใ€ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใซใฏๆˆธๆƒ‘ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ๆŽฅ็ถšๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:39
In grammar terms, all it's doing is joining subject to object. It doesn't carry its own
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ ไธป่ชžใ‚’็›ฎ็š„่ชžใซ็ตๅˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ่‡ชไฝ“ใซ
02:48
meaning, you could say. So in that sense, the verb isn't that important here. It's the
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ“ใ“ใงใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉ้‡่ฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ้‡่ฆใชใฎใฏ
02:55
subject and the object that are important.
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ไธป่ชžใจ็›ฎ็š„่ชž ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:58
Anyway. The next examples, they start to get a little more complicated, but not too bad.
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ใจใ‚‚ใ‹ใใ€‚ ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใงใฏ ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่ค‡้›‘ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใปใฉๆ‚ชใใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:05
Another example of "be", but this time in the continuous sentence -- in the continuous
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ใ€Œbeใ€ใฎๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใŒใ€ไปŠๅ›žใฏ ้€ฃ็ถšๆ–‡ใงใ€ใคใพใ‚Š้€ฃ็ถš
03:10
tenses. "He is sleeping." Let's have a think. What tense is that one? That one is the present
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ๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใ™ใ€‚ "ๅฝผใŒ็œ ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚" ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจ
03:22
continuous. And this one, "They have been talking." This one is the present perfect
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้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†
03:37
continuous. And what I mean by "auxiliary verb" in these is that they're not the most
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้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ€Œ่ฃœๅŠฉ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ
03:44
important verb in those examples. The most important verb is "sleeping" here. And the
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ใงๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ ้‡่ฆใชๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œ็œ ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:54
most important verb is "talking" here. In this example, the present perfect continuous
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ใ“ใ“ใงๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œtalkingใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€ๆ–‡ไธญใซ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎ
04:01
actually has two auxiliaries because you can have more than one auxiliary verb in a sentence.
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ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใซใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ 2 ใคใฎๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:08
Next example. "Have" in the perfect tenses. We've got two examples here. We've got, "I've
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ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใ€‚ ๅฎŒไบ†ๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใ€ŒๆŒใคใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซ 2 ใคใฎไพ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็ง
04:17
got a car" and, "They had gone home." What tenses are we talking about here? "I've got
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ใฏ่ปŠใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฎถใซๅธฐใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใง่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œ็งใฏ่ปŠใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ
04:25
a car." That one is the present perfect. And what about this one? What's this one? This
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ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:35
one is the past perfect. Where's the most important verb? The most important verb is
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ใ‚‚ ้‡่ฆใชๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใฉใ“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ใงๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ
04:44
"get" here. We're using it for possession. It means "to own something, to possess something"
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ใ€Œgetใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใง ใฏใ€Œไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ
04:55
here. In the second example, the most important verb is "go". This is a past participle. It
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไพ‹ใงใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใช ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œgoใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
05:04
becomes "gone".
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ใ€Œ็„กใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:06
Let's move on to "do" -- our first example of "do". When we're making a negative sentence
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"do" ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎไพ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ "do" ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:15
in the present simple or the past simple, in the negative form, we use "do". Let's look
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็พๅœจๅฝขใพใŸใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใฎๅฆๅฎšๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅ˜็ด”ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ ใ€ๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใง "do" ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
05:21
at the examples. "I do not like Peter." I'm sorry, Peter. "Do" shows us that we're making
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ€‚ ใ€Œใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใฏใ€ๅฆๅฎšๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
05:30
a negative sentence. What's the most important verb? The most important verb is "like". What
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ใ€‚ ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใช ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹. ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œๅฅฝใใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:37
about next example? "We didn't go." Again -- naughty me -- no full stop. The most important
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ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏ่กŒใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒ - ใ„ใŸใšใ‚‰ใช็ง - ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๅœๆญขใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใช
05:47
verb is "go". There's our negative, this time in a contracted form.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œgoใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๅ›žใฏ็ธฎๅฐ็‰ˆใฎใƒใ‚ฌใงใ™ใ€‚
05:54
Next example of "do" is in questions. What does "do" mean in a question? "Do" basically
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ใ€Œใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใฎๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€่ณชๅ•ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ•ใงใ€Œใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹? "Do" ใฏๅŸบๆœฌ
06:00
means I'm asking a question now. For example, "Do you like London?" Yes, I do. I like London.
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็š„ใซใ€็งใŒไปŠ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ€Œใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใฏๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
06:09
And now, we're talking about "will" as an auxiliary verb. It can mean two things. It
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ใงใฏใ€ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใฎใ€Œwillใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ2ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
06:16
can mean the future tense -- "I will be there later." And "will" shows us we're talking
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ใฏๆœชๆฅๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ - ใ€Œ็งใฏๅพŒใงใใ“ ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€. ใใ—ใฆใ€Œwillใ€ใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒๆœชๆฅใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆ
06:26
about the future. But it's not the most important verb. The most important verb is "be". And
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ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œbeใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:37
our other way -- another meaning of "will", you could say, is to express certainty. So
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€ใ€Œๆ„ๅฟ—ใ€ใฎๅˆฅใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏ ใ€็ขบๅฎŸๆ€งใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ
06:45
in this other sentence, "You will like this", we're not talking about a future time. We're
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ใ€ใ“ใฎๅˆฅใฎๆ–‡ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œ ใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€ใฏใ€ๆœชๆฅใฎใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ
06:52
just trying to express certainty about something. But it's not our most important verb because
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ็ขบๅฎŸๆ€งใ‚’่กจ็พใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ฃœๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
06:58
it's an auxiliary verb. Our most important verb, again, is "like".
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ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œlikeใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:04
Now, talking about modal verbs, we use modal verbs when we're talking about necessity or
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ ๅฟ…่ฆๆ€งใ‚„ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™
07:10
the probability of something. And this group of verbs isn't ever the most important verb
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฏ
07:20
in the sentence in terms of grammar. So here's an example. "They might help you." Our most
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ใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎ่ฆณ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ๆ–‡ใฎไธญใงๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“. ใ“ใ‚Œ ใŒไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ๆœ€ใ‚‚
07:31
important verb is "help".
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้‡่ฆใชๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œhelpใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:35
We have other modal verbs as well, but, you know, "might", "may", "should", "must" are
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ไป–ใซใ‚‚ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ€Œmightใ€ใ€ใ€Œmayใ€ใ€ใ€Œshouldใ€ใ€ใ€Œmustใ€
07:41
the modal verbs.
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ใŒใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
07:43
And the last auxiliary verb we're going to talk about is "would", and we use "would"
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉž ใฏ "would" ใงใ™ใ€‚"would" ใฏ
07:52
for talking about hypothetical situations. And "hypothetical" means imagined. Not true
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ไปฎ่ชฌ็š„ใช็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€Œไปฎ่ชฌใ€ใจใฏๆƒณๅƒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
07:59
situations, but we're using it to think about something in the future imagined or something
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ใŒ ใ€ๆƒณๅƒใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆœชๆฅใ‚„
08:06
in the past imagined. But it's not the most important verb for meaning. The most important
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้ŽๅŽปใซๆƒณๅƒใ•ใ‚ŒใŸไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใจใฃใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡
08:13
verb for meaning in this sentence is "do".
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ใงๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใคๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชๅ‹•่ฉž ใฏใ€Œdoใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:18
Now, I realize we've been talking a lot about, "Oh, this auxiliary verb, does this, does
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ“ใฎๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
08:24
this, does this" -- but let's come back and look at how to find the main verb in the sentence
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ๆˆปใฃ ใฆๆ–‡ใฎไธญใงไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡
08:31
because that will be useful for you whenever you need to really find the meaning in the
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ใ†ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใกใพใ™
08:36
sentence.
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08:36
Let's have a look at my tips for finding the main verb in the sentence because it's sometimes
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ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ใฎๅฎŒๅ…จใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆ–‡
ใฎไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ็งใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
08:42
really needed to find the main verb so you can understand the full meaning of the sentence.
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.
08:48
And just knowing what auxiliaries are, they can help you find the main verb. So we'll
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ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใง ใ€ไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰
08:53
look at the tips, and that should help you not have really bad grammar confusion, hopefully
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ใ€ใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‘ใฐๅฐ†ๆฅใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎๆททไนฑใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใฏใšใงใ™
08:58
in the future.
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.
09:01
So tip No. 1: We can find the main verb after "is", "was", or "were" in the present or past
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ใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆ 1: ไธปๅ‹•่ฉž ใฏใ€็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใพใŸใฏ้ŽๅŽป้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใง "is"ใ€"was"ใ€ใพใŸใฏ "were" ใฎๅพŒใซ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
09:14
continuous. We've got some examples here. "I was eating pizza." That's the past continuous.
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็ง ใฏใƒ”ใ‚ถใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒ้ŽๅŽป็ถ™็ถšใงใ™ใ€‚
09:22
And, "They were singing". That's also the past continuous. And the main verb is coming
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆญŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‚ ้ŽๅŽป็ถ™็ถšใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ
09:28
after "was" and after "were".
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ใ€Œwasใ€ใจใ€Œwereใ€ใฎๅพŒใซใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:34
Next example. Tip No. 2: after "have" or "has" in the present perfect; or after "had" in
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ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใ€‚ ใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆ 2: ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฎ "have" ใพใŸใฏ "has" ใฎๅพŒ ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ใฎใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€ใฎๅพŒ
09:45
the past perfect. Let's look at examples. "We have got a dog" or "We've got a dog" in
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ใ€‚ ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใฎใ€ŒWe have got a dogใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒWe have got a dog
09:52
the contracted speech form. After "have" -- because this is the present perfect -- our main verb
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ใ€ใ€‚ "have" ใฎๅพŒใฎ ไธปใชๅ‹•่ฉž
10:03
is "get", but we're using it in that way that I mentioned to you before, to mean possession.
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ใฏ "get" ใงใ™ใŒ ใ€ๅ‰ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:09
So all together, this means, "I own a dog" or, "I possess a dog." In the present perfect,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ็งใฏ็Šฌใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ ใ€Œ็งใฏ็Šฌใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใฏ
10:16
our main verb is here. "Have" is not our most important verb.
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ใ€ใƒกใ‚คใƒณใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ ใฏๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:21
Next example. "I had had fun." That maybe looks wrong or weird to you to see "had" together
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ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œhadใ€ใŒ 2 ๅ›žไธ€็ท’ใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
10:28
twice. Sometimes people get confused about it. But it's actually okay to say that. We
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ใ€‚ ๆ™‚ใ€…ไบบใ€…ใฏใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๆททไนฑใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใใ†่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็ง
10:34
have "had", and then, our main verb here is "had". "I had had fun." And that's the past
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ใŸใกใฏ "had" ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฎไธปใชๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ "had" ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŒ้ŽๅŽป
10:44
perfect tense.
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ๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
10:45
Moving on for tip No. 3: We can find the main verb after "have been" or "has been" or after
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ใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆ 3 ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚ไธปใช ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€ใ€Œhave beenใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œhas Beenใ€ใพใŸใฏ
10:58
"had been" in the perfect tense, in the perfect continuous tenses. Let's take a look at some
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ใ€Œhad Beenใ€ใฎๅพŒใซๅฎŒๅ…จๆ™‚ๅˆถใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จ ็ถ™็ถšๆ™‚ๅˆถใง่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
11:05
examples. "They have been lying." In these examples, we have two auxiliaries; we have
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ ไพ‹ใงใฏใ€2 ใคใฎ่ฃœๅŠฉ้–ขๆ•ฐใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:10
two helper verbs. "Had" is a helper verb; "been" is a helper verb; and our main verb
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2 ใคใฎใƒ˜ใƒซใƒ‘ใƒผๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€ใฏๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œbeenใ€ใฏๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฎไธปใชๅ‹•่ฉž
11:16
is "lying". It comes from the verb "lie" -- "to tell a lie." Let's look at the next example.
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ใฏใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™ - ใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ‚’ ใคใใ€ใ€‚ ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
11:23
"He had been sleeping." This one is the past perfect continuous. Again, we've got two helper
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅฏใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽป ๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚
11:31
verbs here, "had", "been" -- helping verbs. Our main verb is "sleeping". That's the most
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ใ€ใ€Œhadใ€ใจใ€Œbeenใ€ใจใ„ใ† 2 ใคใฎๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฎไธปใชๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œ็œ ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
11:37
important one to carry meaning.
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ใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’้‹ใถใŸใ‚ใซๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
11:39
Tip No. 4: after the modal verb or after the modal verb followed by other auxiliaries.
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ใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆ 4: ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅพŒใ€ใพใŸใฏ ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅพŒใซไป–ใฎๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:50
And I didn't write you an example there. So let me give you one. "I might have told you
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใใ“ใซไพ‹ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏ ใ€1ใคใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ‰ใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„
11:58
earlier" or, "I might have given you an example." So after the modal verb "might" comes "have
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ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใฎๅพŒใซใฏใ€Œ
12:07
given". "I might have given." We have one auxiliary verb there, "have". "I might have
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ไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใ’ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ ใใ“ใซใฏใ€Œhaveใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
12:17
given you an example on the board."
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ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ไธŠใงไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
12:20
And our last example -- this is probably an easier way if you can remember this one. After
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎไพ‹ ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:27
"been". After "been" is the main verb. "I have been thinking."
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ใ€Œใ„ใŸใ€ใฎใ‚ใจใ€‚ ใ€Œbeenใ€ใฎๅพŒใฏไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏ่€ƒใˆใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
12:33
So these tips are all useful to find the main verb. This is a general grammar lesson to
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใฏใ™ในใฆใ€ไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ€
12:41
mainly just stop that confusion that happens sometimes when you know little bits of grammar,
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ไธป ใซๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซๆ™‚ใ€…่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ๆททไนฑใ‚’ๆญขใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™
12:46
but it's not all together up there in your head. Knowing and finding the main verb is
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ใŒใ€้ ญใฎไธญใงใ™ในใฆใŒใพใจใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ . ไธปใชๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ
12:51
really useful -- a lot. It can save you confusion when you're doing exercises and things like
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚จใ‚ฏใ‚ตใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บใชใฉใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฎๆททไนฑใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
12:57
that. It's really helpful. So we're finished for the lesson, but if you want to do a quiz,
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ใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅŠฉใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ็ต‚ไบ† ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
13:03
you can find the quiz at www.engvid.com. You can answer questions about this. And what
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www.engvid.com ใงใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
13:10
I'd also like you to do is subscribe to this channel. This is my personal channel here
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ใ€ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ็™ป้Œฒใ‚‚ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ EngVid ใฎ็งใฎๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใชใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ
13:14
on EngVid. If you like my lessons -- because I make all kinds of other lessons about learning
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ง
13:19
English, which I really want you to watch if you like watching me. And... I am finished
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ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใชใ‚‰ใ€ใœใฒ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ... ็งใฏไปŠ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸ
13:25
now! But I want you to come back. Come back soon for more English with me. And until then,
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bye-bye.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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