Improve Your Professional English: Master Active and Passive Voice Fast!

19,073 views ใƒป 2025-01-05

English Fluency Journey


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hey there, guys, welcome back to the channel.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:02
So today we're tackling a grammar
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ใใ“ใงไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€
00:05
topic that confuses a lot of people active voice versus passive voice.
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ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒๆททไนฑใ™ใ‚‹่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใจๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใฟใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚
00:10
Don't worry, though, I'll make it super easy and maybe even a little fun.
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ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใจใฆใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใซใ€ใใ—ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—ๆฅฝใ—ใใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:14
We'll talk about what they are, how to form them in
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฝขๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€
00:17
different tenses and throw in some real life examples,
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ใใ—ใฆๅฎŸ้š›ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:20
because who doesn't love relatable grammar, right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใ„ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๅฅฝใพใชใ„ไบบใฏใ„ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†?
00:23
OK, so
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€
00:25
the active voice is straightforward.
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่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
00:28
The subject of the sentence is doing the action,
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ๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใฏใ€
00:31
like I ate pizza. easy, right?
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I ate pizzaใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅ‹•ไฝœใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
00:34
I'm the subject and I'm doing the
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่ขซๅ†™ไฝ“ใฏ็งใงใ™ใ€‚
00:37
best action ever eating pizza.
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ใƒ”ใ‚ถใ‚’้ฃŸในใชใŒใ‚‰ๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:40
Now in the passive voice, it's like
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใฏใ€
00:43
the pizza is the star, the focus shifts.
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ใƒ”ใ‚ถใŒไธปๅฝนใจใชใ‚Šใ€็„ฆ็‚นใŒ็งปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:47
The pizza was eaten by me. Same
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ใƒ”ใ‚ถใฏ็งใŒ้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ่€ƒใˆๆ–นใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ™
00:50
idea, but weโ€™re flipping the focus.
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ใŒใ€็„ฆ็‚นใŒๅ่ปขใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:53
It sounds a little like I'm confessing something at a crime scene.
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ใพใ‚‹ใง็Šฏ็ฝช็พๅ ดใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅ‘Š็™ฝใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆฐ—ใŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ
00:57
Right?
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๏ผŸ
00:58
So why do we even use passive voice?
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ใงใฏใ€ใชใœๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
01:00
Well, sometimes it's because we don't know who did the action.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ๆ™‚ใซใฏ่ชฐใŒใใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ใจใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:04
Or because we want a sound fancy, using
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€้Ÿฟใใซ่ฏใ‚„ใ‹ใ•ใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใ€
01:08
passive voice will make you sound more natural and even sophisticated in certain contexts.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‡ช็„ถใงใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎ็Šถๆณใงใฏๆด—็ทดใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅฐ่ฑกใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:14
Native speakers often use passive voice to emphasize
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏใ€่กŒๅ‹•ใฎๅฎŸ่กŒ่€…ใงใฏใชใใ€่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚„็ตๆžœใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ—
01:18
the action or outcome rather than the doer
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01:21
of the action, and they often use it without thinking.
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ใ€็„กๆ„่ญ˜ใฎใ†ใกใซๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ€…ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:24
Especially when the subject is unknown or unimportant,
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็‰นใซใ€่ฉฑ้กŒใŒไธๆ˜ŽใพใŸใฏ้‡่ฆใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซใ€
01:28
which helps with a natural flow of conversations.
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ไผš่ฉฑใŒ่‡ช็„ถใซๆตใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
01:32
Passive voice allows you to avoid repeating
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
01:35
the subject in a sentence, which can feel redundant in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏๅ†—้•ทใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ไธญใฎไธป่ชžใฎ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:38
Also, passive voice adds a formal tone
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ใพใŸใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฏ่จ€่ชžใซใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใช้›ฐๅ›ฒๆฐ—ใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆ
01:41
to your language, which can make you sound more refined and professional.
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ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆด—็ทดใ•ใ‚Œใƒ—ใƒญใƒ•ใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ทใƒงใƒŠใƒซใชๅฐ่ฑกใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:45
All right, here's the fun part how to
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฏ
01:48
actually form these sentences in different tenses,
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฝขๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆฅฝใ—ใ„้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:52
and don't worry it's easier than it looks, so let's break it down.
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ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚่ฆ‹ใŸ็›ฎใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ฐกๅ˜ใชใฎใงใ€่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใพใšใฏ
01:56
Let's start with the present simple and the active voice.
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็พๅœจๅฝขใจ่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
01:59
I eat pizza, and this is how we
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็งใฏใƒ”ใ‚ถใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ€ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
02:02
form it subject plus base verb.
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ไธป่ชžใจๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใงๅฝขๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
02:05
I eat pizza.
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็งใฏใƒ”ใ‚ถใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
02:07
I is the subject and the verb eat is in its base form.
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Iใ€ใŒไธป่ชžใงใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œeatใ€ใฏใใฎๅŽŸๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
02:11
Now in the passive voice, this sentence sounds like
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™
02:14
this,- Pizza is eaten by me, object
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ใ€‚- ใƒ”ใ‚ถใฏ็งใŒ้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ€็›ฎ็š„
02:18
plus am/is/are and plus past participle.
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่ชžใซ am/is/are ใจ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’่ถณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:23
past participle is the third form of the verb.
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้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ3็•ช็›ฎใฎๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
02:25
Here pizza is our object, and the verb
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใƒ”ใ‚ถใŒ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œ
02:28
eaten is in its past participle form.
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้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ€ใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžๅฝขใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:31
See, you're basically just adding is or are and flipping the focus.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏใ€is ใพใŸใฏ are ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅ่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:37
Now let's take a look at the examples in the past simple tense.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:41
We have a sentence in the active voice
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่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎใ€Œ
02:44
she fixed the car, and this is how we form it subject plus past tense verb.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่ปŠใ‚’ไฟฎ็†ใ—ใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไธป่ชžใจ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงๅฝขๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
02:49
She is the subject and
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏไธป่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
02:51
fix is in its past tense form, which is fixed.
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fix ใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ›บๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:55
And in the passive voice, this sentence sounds like this
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ใใ—ใฆๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€Œ
02:58
the car was fixed by her, so we
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่ปŠใฏๅฝผๅฅณใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆไฟฎ็†ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
03:02
take the object we put it first, then we add was
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็›ฎ็š„่ชžใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆใซ็ฝฎใใ€ใใฎๅพŒใซใ€Œwasใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œwereใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™
03:06
or were. plus past participle.
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ใ€‚ ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚น้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ€‚
03:09
The car is the object, then we added was because there was only one car.
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่ปŠใŒ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใงใ™ใŒใ€่ปŠใŒ 1 ๅฐใ—ใ‹ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใŸใ‚ was ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:13
And then we added the verb in its past participle form.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžๅฝขใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:16
At the end we add by and the subject
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ by ใจไธป่ชžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ€
03:20
to let the listener know who performed the action.
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่ชฐใŒใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚’่žใๆ‰‹ใซ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:23
However, we could also drop it and simply
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’็œ็•ฅใ—ใฆใ€ๅ˜ใซ
03:26
say the car was fixed. if the doer is not important.
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่ปŠใŒไฟฎ็†ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ่กŒ็‚บ่€…ใŒ้‡่ฆใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€‚
03:30
Or if you don't want to say who did the action, like
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎไพ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€่ชฐใŒใใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚’ไผใˆใŸใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
03:33
in the first example, you could just say,- pizza was eaten, and we don't know who did it.
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ๅ˜ใซใ€Œใƒ”ใ‚ถใฏ้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€่ชฐใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใŸใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:38
Although you might know, but you just don't want to say it.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€่จ€ใ„ใŸใใชใ„ใ ใ‘ใชใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:40
Now let's take a look at the examples in the future simple tense,
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๆœชๆฅๅฝขใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:44
so we have the active voice,- we will finish the
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่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎใ€Œwe will final the
03:47
project, and we have the passive voice.
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projectใ€ใจๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:49
The project will be finished by us.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฏ็งใŸใกใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅฎŒไบ†ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
03:52
Or adjust the project will be finished.
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ใพใŸใฏ่ชฟๆ•ดใ™ใ‚‹ใจใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒ็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:54
All right, so in the active voice we have the subject,
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ใงใฏใ€่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใฏไธป่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹
03:57
which is we, then we add will for the future tense and
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we ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆฌกใซๆœชๆฅๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎ will ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใ€
04:01
And then we have the verb finish in its base form,
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ๆฌกใซๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅŽŸๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ final ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
04:03
and then we add the object.
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ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:06
For the passive voice again we put the object first,
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ€ใพใš็›ฎ็š„่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œ
04:09
which is the project, and then we add will be
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projectใ€ใ‚’็ฝฎใใ€ๆฌกใซใ€Œwill be
04:12
it's easy here, and then the verb in its
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it's easyใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ
04:16
past participle form, which is finished here.
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้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œfinishedใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:19
Passive voice in the future is all
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ๆœชๆฅใฎๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฏ
04:22
about adding will be.
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will be ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:24
It's like saying, relax, this will get done! Eventually!
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ใใ‚Œใฏใพใ‚‹ใงใ€ใ€Œๅฎ‰ๅฟƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซ๏ผ
04:28
One little side note, of course, to be able to
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸ่ฃœ่ถณใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€
04:31
form the passive voice in different tenses you need to know your tenses.
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ™‚ๅˆถใงๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:36
However, this video will also help you with that.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚‚ๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
04:39
All right on to the present continuous.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:42
And here's the example sentence in the active voice,
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ไปฅไธ‹ใฏ่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎไพ‹ๆ–‡ใงใ™
04:45
They are painting the house.
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ใ€‚ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฎถใ‚’ๅก—่ฃ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:48
And here's the formula we have the subject, which
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ใ“ใ“ใซๅ…ฌๅผใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ไธป่ชžใฏ
04:51
is they, and then we add am/is/are
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they ใงใ€ใใฎๅพŒใซ am/is/are ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:55
In our case it's are, and then a verb with the -ing ending.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ are ใงใ€ใใฎๅพŒใซ -ing ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:59
In our case it's painting.
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็งใŸใกใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ็ตต็”ปใงใ™ใ€‚
05:02
And then the object, which is the house in our case.
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏๅฎถใงใ™ใ€‚
05:05
And for the passive voice we put the object first,
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใพใš็›ฎ็š„่ชžใ‚’็ฝฎใใ€
05:08
and then we add am/is/are plus
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ๆฌกใซ am/is/are ใจ
05:12
being and plus past participle.
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being ใจ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
05:16
And this is what we get the house is being
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใŒๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ€ใคใพใ‚Š
05:19
painted by them or just the house is being painted. Right now.
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ใ€ๅฎถใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅก—่ฃ…ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅ˜ใซๅฎถใŒๅก—่ฃ…ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใ™ใใ€‚ ใ€Œ
05:24
Adding being here is important and
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่กจ็พใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้‡่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
05:27
this is what makes it sound like the action is happening right now.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒไปŠใพใ•ใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
05:30
Now let's take a look at the past continuous,
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ใ•ใฆใ€้ŽๅŽป้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:33
so we have a sentence in the active voice.
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่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:37
He was cleaning the room, so
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ๅฝผใฏ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€
05:40
we have the subject which is he then we add was or were depending on
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ไธป่ชžใฏ he ใงใ€ไธป่ชžใฎๆ•ฐใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆ was ใพใŸใฏ were ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—
05:45
the subject's number, and then we add a verb with the -ing ending.
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ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ -ing ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:50
In our case it's cleaning.
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็งใŸใกใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏๆŽƒ้™คใงใ™ใ€‚
05:52
And now let's take a look at the passive voice.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:55
The room was being cleaned by him,
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้ƒจๅฑ‹ใฏๅฝผใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆŽƒ้™คใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€
05:58
so again we have the object first which is the room, and then
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ๆœ€ๅˆใซ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹้ƒจๅฑ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎๅพŒใซ
06:02
we add was or were. plus being, which is
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was ใพใŸใฏ were ใŒๅŠ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใ€
06:05
important here, and then past participle.
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ใ“ใ“ใง้‡่ฆใชbeingใ€ใใ—ใฆ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
06:08
Same deal as the present continuous.
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็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:10
Now as dive into the present perfect, our favorite tense.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใ‚ใ‚‹็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:15
So lets take a look at our example in the active
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎใ€Œshe has wrote a bookใ€ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
06:18
voice she has written a book. So
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ใ€‚
06:21
we have a subject again which is she then we add has
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ไธป่ชžใŒๅ†ใณ she ใซใชใ‚Šใ€has ใพใŸใฏ have ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:25
or have in our case itโ€™s has.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ has ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:28
And then we add the past participle.
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ใใ—ใฆ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
06:30
In our case it's the verb written.
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็งใŸใกใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใฏใ€
06:33
is the third form of the verb write- write, wrote, written.
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ๅ‹•่ฉž write ใฎ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚writeใ€writteใ€written ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:37
In the passive voice, of course we put the object first,
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“็›ฎ็š„่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๆœฌใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆใซ็ฝฎใ
06:40
which is a book, and we say a book has
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ใ€
06:44
been written by her.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆœฌใŒๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:46
So here's the formula: object plus has been
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ๅ…ฌๅผใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™: ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใซ has been
06:49
or have been, and plus past participle.
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ใพใŸใฏ have been ใ‚’่ถณใ—ใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’่ถณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:52
The magic words here are has been or have been.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎ้ญ”ๆณ•ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€Œhas beenใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œhave beenใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:56
A book has been written by her.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆœฌใŒๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:59
It's perfect for sounding fancy when talking about accomplishments.
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ๆˆๆžœใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซใ€ใŠใ—ใ‚ƒใ‚Œใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใซไป•ไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœ€้ฉใงใ™ใ€‚
07:03
All right, now let's take a look at the past perfect
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ใ•ใฆใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:05
tense so we have a sentence in the active voice
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่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:09
he had solved the problem.
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ๅฝผใฏๅ•้กŒใ‚’่งฃๆฑบใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:12
And this is our formula so we have the subject which
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใฎๅ…ฌๅผใงใ™ใ€‚ไธป่ชžใฏ
07:15
is he, and then we add the auxiliary verb had
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he ใงใ€ๆฌกใซๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉž had ใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
07:18
And then we add the verb in the past participle form,
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ๆฌกใซ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใง
07:21
which is solved, and then the object, which is the problem.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹solved ใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใ€็›ฎ็š„่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹problem ใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
07:25
He had solved the problem.
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ๅฝผใฏใใฎๅ•้กŒใ‚’่งฃๆฑบใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:27
And in the passive voice this sentence sounds like this
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ
07:30
The problem had been solved by him, so
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ๅ•้กŒใฏๅฝผใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ่งฃๆฑบใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š
07:35
we have our object and then we add had been.
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็›ฎ็š„่ชžใŒใ‚ใฃใฆใ€ใใฎๅพŒใซใ€Œhad beenใ€ใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
07:38
and then we add the verb in the past participle form.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฎๅฝขใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:42
Past perfect passive is all about using had been.
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้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฏhad beenใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:46
It works great when describing something that was
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07:49
already completed before another action.
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ๅˆฅใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎๅ‰ใซใ™ใงใซๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซๆœ€้ฉใงใ™ใ€‚
07:52
And lastly, let's break down the passive and active
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ๆœชๆฅๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฎๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใจ่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’่ฉณใ—ใ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
07:55
voices in the future perfect tense.
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ใ€‚
07:58
So here is our example sentence of the future perfect and the active voice.
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ใงใฏใ€ๆœชๆฅๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใจ่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:02
They will have completed the task.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใฎไปปๅ‹™ใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:06
Our formula for the active voice stays the same except we add will have.
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่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎๅผใฏ will have ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้™คใ„ใฆๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:11
Now I look at the example in the passive voice.
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ๆฌกใซๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:14
The task will have been completed by them, so
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ใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅฎŒไบ†ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใšใชใฎใงใ€
08:18
we have our object which as the task then we add will have been.
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ใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใจใ—ใฆ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:23
And then we have our verb in the past participle form.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฎๅฝขใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:26
Adding been in the passive voice indicates that the
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใซ been ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใฎ
08:29
action is passive, meaning the subject of
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ๅ‹•ไฝœใŒๅ—ๅ‹•็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
08:33
the sentence is receiving the action rather than performing it.
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ๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใฏๅ‹•ไฝœใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ๅ‹•ไฝœใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ๅดใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:37
Not going to lie, future perfect passive sounds very
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ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ๆœชๆฅๅฎŒไบ†ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฏใ€
08:40
professional, like something you'd say in a business meeting.
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ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใƒŸใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใง่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ€้žๅธธใซใƒ—ใƒญใƒ•ใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ทใƒงใƒŠใƒซใช้ŸฟใใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:43
Now that we've covered how to form them, let's
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ใ“ใ“ใพใงใงๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎไฝœใ‚Šๆ–นใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๆฌกใฏใ€
08:46
take a look at some real life examples for everyday use
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ๆ—ฅๅธธ็š„ใซไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:50
because grammar is way more fun when it feels relatable.
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฏใ€่บซ่ฟ‘ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใšใฃใจๆฅฝใ—ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:54
I wash the dishes.
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็งใฏ็šฟใ‚’ๆด—ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:56
The dishes are being washed by me.
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ใŠ็šฟใฏ็งใŒๆด—ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:58
Sounds like I'm trying too hard to impress my mom.
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ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใ‚‰็งใฏๆฏ่ฆชใซ่‰ฏใ„ๅฐ่ฑกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใŠใ†ใจ้ ‘ๅผตใ‚Šใ™ใŽใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใ ใ€‚
09:02
He broke the vase, the vase was
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ๅฝผใฏ่Šฑ็“ถใ‚’ๅฃŠใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚่Šฑ็“ถใ‚’
09:05
broken by him, which is classic and wasn't me defense.
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ๅฃŠใ—ใŸใฎใฏๅฝผใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ…ธๅž‹็š„ใชไพ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็งใฎๅผ่ญทใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:10
We will plan the party.
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็งใŸใกใฏใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚’่จˆ็”ปใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:11
The party will be planned by us.
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ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใฏ็งใŸใกใŒไผ็”ปใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:15
She is reading the book.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใฎๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:17
The book is being read by her.
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ใใฎๆœฌใฏๅฝผๅฅณใŒ่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:19
Doesn't the sound so dramatic?
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒžใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใช้Ÿฟใใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:23
They were fixing the car.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่ปŠใ‚’ไฟฎ็†ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:25
The car was being fixed by them.
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ใใฎ่ปŠใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆไฟฎ็†ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:28
I have eaten the cookies. The cookies
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็งใฏใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใฏ
09:31
have been eaten by me. No regrets though!
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็งใŒ้ฃŸในใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚ๅพŒๆ‚”ใฏใ—ใฆใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผ
09:34
or The cookies have been eaten! Who did that?
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ใพใŸใฏใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใŒ้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ๏ผ ่ชฐใŒใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:39
Okay, so when do we use passive voice?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฏใ„ใคไฝฟใ†ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
09:42
We use it when we don't know who did the action.
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่ชฐใŒใใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:47
The wallet was stolen. Or the doer isn't important.
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่ฒกๅธƒใŒ็›—ใพใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€่กŒ็‚บ่€…ใฏ้‡่ฆใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚
09:52
The packages were delivered,
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่ท็‰ฉใŒ้…้”ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€
09:55
or you want to sound fancy or official.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใŠใ—ใ‚ƒใ‚ŒใพใŸใฏๅ…ฌๅผใซ่žใ“ใˆใŸใ„ใ€‚
09:58
The report has been submitted.
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ๅ ฑๅ‘Šๆ›ธใŒๆๅ‡บใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:00
So yeah, passive voice has its place, but don't overdo it.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใซใ‚‚้ฉๆ‰€ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚„ใ‚Š้ŽใŽใซใฏๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:05
Otherwise you'll sound like a robot or someone reading off a police report.
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ใใ†ใ—ใชใ„ใจใ€ใƒญใƒœใƒƒใƒˆใ‹่ญฆๅฏŸใฎๅ ฑๅ‘Šๆ›ธใ‚’่ชญใฟไธŠใ’ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:09
Well, that's it for active and passive voice.
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ใ•ใฆใ€่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใจๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏไปฅไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚
10:12
Remember, use active voice for everyday stuff.
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ๆ—ฅๅธธ็š„ใชไบ‹ๆŸ„ใงใฏ่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:16
It's direct, it's clear, it's you in charge.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็›ดๆŽฅ็š„ใงใ€ๆ˜Ž็ขบใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไธปๅฐŽๆจฉใ‚’ๆกใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:19
Save the passive voice.
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ไฟๅญ˜ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:21
For when you want to focus on the action or sound a little more formal.
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚„ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใชๅฐ่ฑกใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:25
But don't overthink it if it sounds awkward or like
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใŽใ“ใกใชใ่žใ“ใˆใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆณ•ๅปทใงใฎ้™ณ่ฟฐใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€่€ƒใˆใ™ใŽใšใซ
10:28
a courtroom statement, switch to active.
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ใ€่ƒฝๅ‹•็š„ใช่กจ็พใซๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:30
Practice a few examples and you'll be pro in no time
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ™ใใซใƒ—ใƒญใซใชใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
10:33
and hey, if you have any funny passive voice moments, drop them in the comments.
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎ้ข็™ฝใ„ๅ ด้ขใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใœใฒใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใซๆ›ธใ่พผใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:38
I need a good laugh.
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ๅคงใ„ใซ็ฌ‘ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใพใŸ
10:39
See you next time.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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