How I Speak Without Translating

and hopefully we're working all right I  think we are I am Drew Badger the founder of  

Englishanyone.com and the English fluency guide  welcome to another live video here on YouTube  

today we're going to be answering a question I  received recently from a member of fluent for  

life actually uh so I thought uh this member was  also saying hey we should you know probably let  

other people uh get the answer to this as well  so I'm putting this here uh for everyone not just  

inside the program but anybody can have access  to this uh nice to see you there Tom looks like  

YouTube is in fact working here all right uh let  me erase the board and we'll get started uh today  

we're going to be talking about translating uh I  know a lot of people have trouble with this but  

this is a specific issue within translating  uh so I thought it would be a good idea to  

make a video about just this point MJ says hello  from Vancouver uh and again Tom nice to see you

there so this shouldn't be that long of a video  uh I'll try to keep the lesson portion of this  

at the beginning and if people have any questions  about other things they can let me know but let  

me keep this short and to the point so the one  of the problems that happens to people who are  

learning English through another language  or even if you again you already know one  

language but you're learning an additional one  uh your brain can get confused or you can start  

thinking about one language or need to translate  through your language into the next language uh  

one quick point I'll make about uh like not having  to deal with this problem uh is that even within  

your same language you probably know multiple  ways of saying different things so in English  

uh for example we might have different ways  of describing money so I could say cash or uh  

like green backs or bills or other things like  that and all of these things are still English  

words like the brain doesn't really make a  distinction between that's an English word uh  

and that's a word in a different language bucks is  another example um and so the the first part about  

this is like it's more of a psychology thing when  you're thinking well this is a word in my native  

language and this is a word uh in English  so another example I often give is the word

Tsunami Tsunami uh which means a larger wave uh  this comes from Japanese but a lot of English  

word uh English uh people or English speaking  people just know the word as an English word  

so it became an English word uh it's uh again  a word of Japanese origin but if young children  

just hear the word tsunami and they they learn  about a large wave they just connect with this  

word directly in English so they're not thinking  they don't know oh that's actually a Japanese  

word maybe they discover that later uh if they  learn something about Japanese but this is an  

English word now tsunami so uh just thinking about  those two points let me explain first how you're  

connecting with things in your native language so  you can apply this while you're learning different  

languages so if you're learning English or French  or German or whatever the language is uh but this  

is how I do it for me learning uh Japanese as  well so this learner's uh specific question  

was talking about two different kinds of words so  we'll just put a slash here to separate these so  

the first one is simple things that maybe you can  understand just by seeing them so if I have a word  

like cat uh or dog it's easier to understand those  and make a connection because it's a physical  

object or something I can see easily so a house or  a tree these are those kinds of words but uh you  

might have more difficulty with using something  that doesn't just have a specific meaning uh  

like something like this uh or you might have  something you know like the word like as or  

could which might have a more abstract meaning or  be more difficult to understand so uh instead of  

thinking about the language like this so learning  English or any other language again you can group  

words into these two different categories but  you don't have to and I'm recommending you  

don't do that and here's why the way the brain  is basically thinking about these things is it's  

trying to connect a sound so not not even just  like a word but a sound or a collection of sounds  

with some kind of situation so obviously this  is easier if I hear a sound like let's say I'm  

going to teach you uh I don't know like just some  word in an alien language like uh C so if I teach  

you the word c in an alien language uh I can  give you a translation for this word or I can  

give you a bunch of examples that really help you  understand the word uh C the same way a native  

alien would learn it so just as an example again  we're trying to connect this word with a situation  

even if it's a physical thing or a non-physical  thing it doesn't really matter uh but we'll give  

you a just a simple example of this first so C  let's say I give you uh the first example of this

this is a c right here C now again I could give  you a translation I could give you a definition  

of the word c this is not English this is  just a a word I just made up right now for  

this example so if I tell you C and I show you  this your brain is starting to make a connection  

between what is this thing and that word but  your brain doesn't really know for sure with  

only one example because you don't really know  EX exactly what I'm talking about this is why  

we usually get uh as native speakers we're  getting multiple examples that really help  

us understand something very well so right  now I might be thinking okay maybe c means  

t-shirt okay okay it just means like a shirt or a  t-shirt but if I also get another example uh like

this C now your brain is thinking wait a minute  something is different about this what is the  

connection between these two things and the word c  so I'm not trying to translate I'm not telling you  

what the word means I'm giving you examples and  helping you understand and make that connection  

yourself so the more connections you make when  you feel ah now I understand you get that aha  

moment of understanding and that's where you feel  confident knowing the word in the alien language  

so you don't need a translation uh or a definition  of the word so right now maybe you think okay we  

got a t-shirt up here we got some pants uh so Tom  says clothing could be a good example uh let's say  

we have uh we get another example here this is  also C uh maybe we get another example over here

uh this is also C something like that so as  you get all of these examples now your brain  

is kind of looking like it's getting a a Target  over here we're able to get the bullseye we get  

that aha moment of understanding ah okay  like what is the thing that connects all  

of these clothing all right so some kind  of clothes so one example probably isn't  

going to get it for you now I'll make a point  very quickly about this uh that it seems like  

it's a faster way to learn to just get a  definition or translation and it is like  

you can you can just say oh okay if I if I'm  trying to learn a word as quickly as possible  

uh especially for a test I just want to get  a translation and and just remember it so I  

can I can remember it quickly and pass the test  and that's it but again the problem with trying  

to learn through translations is that you will  think through translations when you speak so  

even though it seems like a faster way to learn  to just get translations of things you really  

want to understand things like a native does  so I've just helped you understand this word  

this a alen language word the same way a native  alien does all right so again what we're doing  

here is trying to connect a sound or a word with  the meaning of that thing by just connecting with  

the situation itself now when I say situation I  could mean a physical thing like a t-shirt or a  

house or I could even mean something nonphysical  like an example like this like as or could but  

what happens when we have a more difficult  thing or a more abstract thing like this  

is typically we understand it within a larger  group of words all right and we don't try to  

memorize one definition because often words  can have multiple definitions or the definition  

changes slightly in different situations so  if we take a word like as for example U what  

we're going to do is is like the same kind of  thing we're doing over here let me erase these

examples but I'll show you how this  works the same way so we begin with a  

word as and maybe you don't know exactly  what this means you're not quite certain  

about it um so the best way to do it is a  similar thing like this we're just getting  

a bunch of examples so we will uh let's say  we have the the phrase like as a doctor so I

work as a doctor I work as a doctor now maybe you  don't quite understand what that means but you  

see a picture of a person you know wearing like  a doctor coat and you can see that person doing  

some doctor things I work as a doctor or I work as  a teacher I work as a lawyer I work as this as you  

get all of these different examples the point  is not to know every definition of the word as  

it's to understand specific uses of it and then to  feel confident about those uses without needing to  

translate all right so the point again like for  for C maybe C also means something else in some  

different context we don't really care about that  but when native speakers are learning a language  

young children they will probably know maybe  one or two definitions of a word like a word  

like trunk for example we could be talking about  a box or the nose of an elephant or something  

else like that uh but the basic idea is that it  could have maybe even completely different or  

unrelated meanings and so each time we learn a new  definition of something then that that expands our  

understanding or deepens our understanding and now  we have multiple ways of understanding this word  

but the point is we're still uh understanding  these things like a native and when I say like  

a native I mean directly in the language rather  than needing a translation or an explanation to  

understand it all right so the point is uh we  want to understand something and if we have a  

more abstract or kind of difficult thing to  understand uh often uh if you're not able to  

just learn the word by itself because as by itself  doesn't really mean anything you have to learn it  

in larger phrases so take kind of the shortest  example the shortest unit of meaning like as a  

doctor or as a lawyer or something so as a doesn't  really mean anything but as a doctor that's really  

the shortest thing we can think of of for this  kind of example so we're looking for examples  

like this that help us understand this use of a  word there will be other uses of a word and we  

try to understand them the same way but again even  though this might seem like a longer approach it's  

much faster in total because it accelerates your  learning you're not thinking about translating  

when you speak and you can understand excuse me  I still have a cough uh you can understand new  

things much faster this way as well so as you  get more examples as you get more examples like  

that's another usage of the word then we will  start understanding those different examples  

as well and we can integrate all of these things  together sometimes we will see that a word might  

have completely different meanings other times  we might see that a word has uh related meanings  

like I gave an example recently about the word uh  short uh so short you can talk about short like  

physically short but I could also have a short t  temper that means I easily get angry so this is a  

more abstract way of thinking about this idea but  it's still using the idea and as you hear these  

different examples you begin to develop a much  more native understanding of the word because you  

don't need the translations anymore all right or  so uh you don't need the translations anymore does  

this make sense uh I'll just give you one more  quick example from my own life learning Japanese  

I've given this example before I was talking with  my accountant here in Japan uh we were having  

conversation in Japanese and I said when do you  want to meet uh and she said oh at the like like I  

don't know ich atama uh so that's like uh January  like the beginning or the top uh of January and so  

the Japanese word at atama is head and I had not  heard this usage before uh for talking about the  

beginning of a month in English usually we talk  about the start of the month or the beginning  

uh but we don't really talk about the head of the  month so I thought this was really interesting oh  

look at that so I already knew the word atama in  Japanese for head like a physical head but here  

is an abstract use of the same word but because  I'm understanding it in Japanese and not trying  

to get a translation of what something means  I'm able to integrate that very quickly okay  

so I can learn new words understand new things in  conversations and become fluent much faster over  

time all right so uh just to wrap this very  quickly uh the basic idea is that if you are  

good at understanding physical things like  marker or cat or dog something like that but  

if if you have more trouble understanding more  abstract things or something short like a like  

a preposition or or any even even something  you know like as or could or whatever they're  

lots of different words like this it's better  to take that and then place it inside a larger  

context so nothing too big you basically want to  get something like this but a bunch of different  

examples of this will help you really understand  what it means and the more examples you get this  

is what I call naturally varied review we want to  get lots of varied examples not just repeating the  

same thing uh and that will help you understand  the thing all in the language you're learning  

all right let me go back and look at questions  see if anybody has uh any questions about this  

or any questions about anything else as I promised  this should be a pretty quick video uh but I think  

hopefully people get the point the basic idea is  that we're not trying to take a word and learn it  

like it's like a onetoone translation we want to  teach the brain how to understand something in a  

language so that the brain is not translating when  we speak okay if you learn through translations  

you will speak through translations how you learn  is how you speak okay so this is the kind of thing  

we do uh INF fluent for life if you'd like to  learn more just like the member who was asking  

about this uh you can click on the link in the  description below this video but the basic idea  

whether you're learning with me or by yourself try  to get more examples understand them in a broader  

context that helps you understand the situation  and a situation could be a physical thing or it  

could be an abstract idea like this but that's how  you will understand things in English so you use  

them without translating pretty easy right all  right excuse me let me go back check chat nice  

to see everybody here I'll go through this pretty  quickly as I said this could be a very short video  

look at that all right uh so Edon nice to see  you there say says I've just arrived Shalom uh  

from Brazil hello from Canada CA uh L my official  High teacher my melody hello I am watching your  

videos about more than one week and thank you for  teaching English to us it's my pleasure so I've  

been learning uh languages for many years uh but I  only finally became fluent when I stopped erasing  

where started I should say uh started erasing  the doubts that stopped me from speaking so what  

actually got me fluent after failing for 15 years  uh is just realizing the problem is not really  

knowing the vocabulary it's having doubt about it  so you might know the word vo like you know as or  

something uh and you can understand it when other  people are speaking but if you have trouble saying  

a word or you still have to translate or you have  other problems with it it means there's some kind  

of doubt that's blocking you from speak speaking  so if you can erase that doubt by understanding  

the word well uh and again just like I'm giving  you this kind of aha moment here of oh okay now  

I understand what that means so it's not just  understanding something like I kind of know  

or I can understand a little I'm talking about  understanding something without a doubt the same  

way a native would all right so uh this will again  uh help you whether you're learning with me or not  

but it's a great way to understand the language  without needing to translate so if you don't  

need to learn with translations you won't need to  speak with them either all right uh Mohamed says  

hi and Diana from Mexico nice to see there lamb  a cute drawing yes I try to do my best ziz zip  

from Melbourne am say you are a very good teacher  thank you adorable well you're too kind thank you  

very much uh Marcia says hello from Brazil Marcel  uh Susan nice to see you there mesh I did as they  

uh as I had ah you would say as I had been asked  or as I had or as I was asked you can say that but  

very good so that's another usage of as and this  is again why it's important we don't take a word  

like as and try to memorize every definition of it  so I could make a YouTube video like here is every  

definition of the word as and it would probably  be popular because people just want to know hey  

give me a list of all of the definitions of as but  it wouldn't help you speak so there's there's kind  

of content for preparing for a test and there's  content for actually developing conversational  

fluency and I focus on the fluency part uh let's  see and aara says how you how have you been I've  

been all right I've been a little bit sick but  I'm recovering uh fanatic says Hey first time  

watching your lives uh this last week I watched  probably 10 of your lesson teacher the recorded  

ones glad to hear it hi people how are y'all doing  says Mike and I've been watching your live video  

for a long time but I still haven't been learning  from your old lessons and some of your new lessons  

I make my Donuts at night oh very interesting  well glad to hear you can listen to this while  

you're working so say yes thanks to you and Abdul  says hello sir I want to know what lessons going  

to teach influent for Life give me an overview  please uh you can send us an email uh and we'll  

give you the uh complete index of what's included  but there are 100 different lesson sets and the  

point of the program is just to erase all of the  doubts that stop you from speaking so it could be  

doubts about vocabulary or pronunciation or what  what word you should use in a particular situation  

uh and just how to connect your words fluently  so the uh if I can give just a quick explanation  

about this whether you join fluent for life or  not or you're learning by yourself uh you should  

understand these basic points about learning in  general again this is for people uh if you if  

you want to pass a test you don't need to listen  to this but if you actually want to speak uh this  

should help you speak much better so if we if we  can think about uh the typical way that people  

learn languages there are two two kind of basic  problems with this the first one is that it's uh

incomplete

understanding so the the kind of core problem  with with learning is uh people have doubts  

when they try to speak so the moment you try to  say something or even before you try to speak  

you're worried because you might make a grammar  mistake or pronunciation mistake or you were  

worried maybe people can't understand you there  are lots of reasons uh why people experience doubt  

and part of this uh is because of incomplete  understanding so as I gave in the example just  

a moment ago where you know a word through a  translation but you don't really understand  

it like a native so you don't really feel very  confident about using the word you still have some  

kind of doubt about it maybe you understand it  when other people say it to you but you still feel  

unsure about using it so you have doubt because  you have incomplete understanding and this is  

typically because uh traditional language lessons  will just give you definitions and translations  

of words they don't help you understand it like a  native like I just showed you how to do so that's  

incomplete understanding uh the second part  of this is that we have uh I'll just I'll make  

this very simple uh but conversations or just  we won't even say conversations only but just

communication so communication is unpredictable  communication is unpredictable this means when you  

get into a conversation uh even if your teacher  tells you to say one thing maybe natives will say  

something different or their pronunciation will be  different or they have an accent or they Mumble or  

they speak quickly or whatever so the language in  the classroom is different than the language of  

the real world and this is why a lot of language  Learners like English Learners uh they will  

complain that my teacher sounds different than how  people normally speak even right now the way I'm  

speaking is different than how I would normally  speak with friends and like the way I'm speaking  

is not so different but my vocabulary uh excuse  me my vocabulary might be different uh I might  

use movie quotes or other references if I think uh  the other person would know what I'm talking about  

so when I'm communicating with someone uh the way  I speak also depends on how that other person can  

understand me or not so if I'm speaking with a  non-native I will change the way I speak I will  

speak a bit more slowly try not to use tricky  vocabulary like slang or phrasal verbs and I  

will do my best to be understandable all right so  for that person but if I know someone is a native  

speaker I know they like certain books or certain  movies I can take movie quotes or other things  

like that and have a more personal connection with  that person uh depending on the kind of vocabulary  

I I use so uh the thing about the way people learn  like these are kind of the two core problems um  

like a teacher might help you understand something  with a definition but you don't really feel  

confident using it or you only hear your teachers  clear speaking voice and you don't hear a bunch of  

different examples of natives uh understanding how  the language really works uh and then the other  

problem which is an even more difficult problem  for one teacher to solve is communication is  

unpredictable so how do we prepare for things  that are unpredictable we can't prepare for  

communication the way we practice the piano or try  to play uh an instrument or practice a punch or a  

golf swing or something like that because it's not  like in a in a piano concert I'm just practicing  

a song and I know what the song is going to be  when I play it but in a real conversation it's  

unexpected it's surprising I don't know what  other people will say so I have to learn in a  

way that prepares me for real communication so if  I want to speak fluently I have to have complete  

understanding I have to understand things without  a doubt and I also have to be prepared for the  

unpredictability of real communication so this is  what we do in fluent for life we give you complete  

understanding we give you lots of examples that  really help you understand things like a native  

and we give you lots of examples of how natives  actually connect things and how natives say the  

right things at the right time because they know  those situations so rather than getting a list  

of things or getting translations you really need  to learn uh in the right way that gives you that  

preparation for real communication again if you  just want to practice for a test you don't need  

to worry about this the point is just to memorize  a translation or a specific answer answer for a  

test so the teacher says remember this word  and then you say that word or you write that  

word on a test but in real communication you  can't do that you can't practice or prepare  

in the same way so that's what we do now this  is the the the core idea of the program and why  

we designed it this way but you can learn with a  hundred different lesson sets that cover lots of  

different topics uh that expose you to different  Native English speakers so you might hear uh like  

English speakers from America or Britain or the  United States a or United States Canada uh New  

Zealand even other countries where native English  speakers are living uh but you're hearing all of  

these different examples and together that's what  prepares you for communication so if you know a  

lot of English but you don't really feel confident  speaking you probably still have doubts about one  

or two of these things okay so the the point is  is like uh how you learn in the classroom needs to  

prepare you it needs to mirror you and not  just the classroom but how you learn needs  

to prepare you for real communication so if it  does not prepare you for that or you know a lot  

of English but you don't feel confident speaking  that's the reason either you've got incomplete  

understanding uh and and incomplete meaning  like you know something but you just don't  

know it well enough to use it you still feel  uncertain about I kind of know this word but  

I'm not quite sure if I should use it or if it's  a grammar point I don't know if I should use this  

uh this grammar tense in a certain way or whatever  that that's in this kind of category of that and  

then the second thing is actually even if you  know the vocabulary really well not knowing how to  

connect it confidently and fluently so you need to  see examples of all of these things uh to really  

know how to do that but the good news is you don't  have to do this with another person you don't need  

a personal teacher there uh and you don't need  a speaking practice partner you just need to get  

lots of good examples that help you systematically  prepare for real communication so if you'd like  

to learn more about this this is what we do in  fluent for Life uh the the specific topics are  

less important than the actual way you get fluent  because you can do this by yourself it's actually  

possible to find uh like good lessons and get good  examples it's difficult I mean I this is how I got  

fluent in Japanese it took me a long time because  I didn't have anyone to explain this to me um and  

I wish I had a teacher who could teach me like  this but again you don't really need just one  

teach teacher like I shouldn't be the only person  teaching you even if you're I don't know like you  

love me as a teacher you still need examples of  lots of natives in order to be prepared for real  

communication so just make sure you get those uh  but get them systematically so you feel confident  

and prepared no matter when you speak so today  when I'm speaking with uh people in Japanese like  

I uh went and got a haircut yesterday uh is a new  Barber never met him before but I had a nice like  

hourlong conversation about family and business  and all kinds of stuff so I wasn't prepared for  

anything like I hadn't you know practiced  or repeated some lines but I was prepared to  

understand what he was saying and we had a great  chat and it was a really fun you know just fun  

day fun is a fun afternoon or a fun hour um but  that's because I was prepared I'm really prepared  

for any situation it doesn't matter where I go or  who I meet I know I will be able to communicate  

confidently because I know many ways of expressing  things and I can understand things and I can keep  

conversations flowing so if you'd like to do that  this is what we prepare you to do uh influent for  

life all right let me see if we have any final  questions but it looks like uh maybe that's it  

we'll see uh but Abdul hopefully that makes sense  about what we teach that's kind of the old uh  

overview uh of the program ogga says Hi teacher  Drew's fans why not so many likes I don't know  

it's it's kind of it takes a lot of effort to push  a button you know or maybe people don't know uh  

people don't like the lesson we'll see Noel  says as I told you before yes that's another  

good example of as but remember the point is not  to just use random examples of vocabulary it's to  

really understand them very well so you use them  without thinking or translating all right Mike  

says I'm glad I didn't miss this lesson yes well  uh again I make all of these available so even if  

you miss it live you can watch it later Mike again  I actually drawn down how my English have come  

along lately reading grammar and other interesting  books and stuff that's true the conversation  

can become more informal yeah so you can have  conversations that are more informal or even more  

formal ones and if you're not prepared for all of  these different kinds of English uh whatever the  

languages you're learning uh then of course you're  going to have more trouble speaking because you  

will be surprised and and unprepared for that in  real communication Muhammad says I speak English  

clearly but whenever I try to speak faster uh or  throw an idea my mind freezes also trying to level  

up my English but I feel like facing a wall I want  to level up more and more yeah Muhammad I would  

focus on uh leveling up individual vocabulary by  understanding it better so instead of trying to  

learn more words really understand a few words  very well and then that will actually help you  

learn many more words faster so just like we  talked about like I gave you that example of uh  

what was that word the alien word c uh and so as  I gave you different examples of that like a shirt  

and pants and clothes and a hat that kind of thing  you come to understand what it means not because  

you got a definition but because you understood  that and like the word example I gave uh also  

about short so you could have a short lifespan  like you could have a short life so that's a kind  

of abstract use of the same word short instead  of just having something being physically short  

it could be mentally or figuratively short as  well so the same kind kind of thing uh if you  

feel like you're hitting a wall think about what  that specific wall is like if you can understand  

some things but you're not feeling completely  confident about them uh then you should really  

think about that and and focus on specific things  that you have trouble understanding when you can  

use something without a doubt you will know it  and then you can move on to the next thing uh bay  

says hrew what was your method when you started  learning Japanese uh when I started learning  

Japanese I was learning the same way I tried to  learn French and Spanish and Latin when that was  

getting translations and definitions of stuff  and learning Japanese through English so when I  

stopped doing that I started learning Japanese in  Japanese uh that's when I became fluent so again  

like there's learning a language and that could  prepare you to pass a test but you can still have  

trouble speaking that way often because if you're  if you're learning through translations then you  

have to think through through translations as well  when you take a test especially a written test  

you have time to think and organize sentences and  translate things and guess in your head but when  

you're speaking you need to be quick you don't  want to have time like oh no let me let me think  

about what that means and translate it in my head  and organize some sentences first you want to be  

fast you want to be able to respond quickly so  you have to be able to learn the language in the  

language if you want to speak I've not met anyone  that that speaks really well who is like learning  

the language all through transl ations now it  might be possible to do that and if you can think  

really quickly like you can translate stuff really  quickly maybe that's possible to do but I've never  

met that person before like it that didn't happen  for me so maybe it's possible but um when I made  

that switch from learning English or learning  Japanese through English to learning Japanese  

through Japanese that's when I started getting  fluent all right so you can learn a language in  

many ways but if you want to get fluent you really  need to understand the language in the language  

because again the goal is communication it's not  just knowing words it's being able to use them  

fluently if that's your goal so for me I want to  be able to speak fluently that's the goal uh let's  

see and Mike says sorry I almost forgot about  that to push the like button yes it's always uh  

appreciated when people click the like button so  thank you very much or share the video or you know  

take it and post it in other places if you like  uh so that other people can benefit and YouTube  

knows that hey this is an interesting lesson for  people um and then it will show it to more people  

Olga says is it okay if I say at the end of the  lesson with my students that's my cue uh if if  

you if you're talking about like that's my cue to  leave like I want like not like that's my cue to  

to finish something as long as people understand  the con the context for that uh then you could  

use it but if I'm just finishing a lesson and  I say now that's my cue uh maybe people don't  

understand why I'm saying that um but if like like  let's say I say a really funny joke and then you  

know people are laughing and clapping and I say  okay that's my cue to leave like I want to leave  

on a high note like on a on a good point not just  like okay like people don't like what I'm doing  

that's my CU to leave so that that's another  reason or another uh instance or time where  

you could use that same that's my CU but just  make sure people understand what that's talking  

about so there should be some obvious thing  that's queuing you to take some kind of action  

uh let's see who did we miss over here Nona  says hi I just gave in my presentation and  

I did a great job thanks to you uh thank you so  much glad to hear it so you could say I gave my  

pres I gave a presentation so you would give a  presentation not give in uh but I'm glad to hear  

to give a presentation cam nice to see you there  from Thailand long time no see how have you been  

I've been doing all right uh let's see Fabio  says what program do you recommend what progr  

program you recommend books well I mean it's  easy it's easy to learn you can learn language  

with books but you if you want to communicate you  you need to see examples of people communicating  

it's it's really that simple um so whether you  learn again with me or not uh we really want to  

make sure you understand uh things the same way  natives do and so that's why you need to get lots  

of examples whether you get them on YouTube or  movies or whatever just make sure you understand  

understand it because a lot of people get random  examples of they might read a novel or watch a  

video or whatever they're getting random examples  of things but they don't they still don't feel  

very confident about using them so the point is  not just to get more random input uh but to do  

it systematically so you eliminate doubt the  ending of Doubt is the whole point because if  

you have doubt you won't speak all right so  that's the goal it's not just getting input  

the input is kind of what helps you improve but  it's the elimination of doubt getting rid of that  

systematically that's what allows you to speak and  Kandi says it's hard not to translate especially  

that I need to say sometimes it makes sense in  my native language but not English doesn't sound  

right yeah and again often when we see situations  like how do I express myself when I'm feeling sad  

or when I'm doing this or something else often  we will learn an even simpler way to do things  

in the language we're saying the problem is  we're trying to take something and then we have  

to translate that and then try to say that in a  different language and that becomes a much more  

confusing and uncomfortable process and it takes  a long time uh but if you see lots of examples of  

people expressing certain things or demonstrating  certain situations like okay this person just like  

the example I gave before about like ichat noama  like January that the head or the top or the  

beginning of January so that example I got from  my accountant I OD oh like within that context  

now I know what this word means I don't need to  think and translate and so instead of me thinking  

like how would I say that in English it's like at  the beginning of January like that's actually a  

longer way to express it so the Japanese is like  it's much shorter and easier because people find  

easier faster ways to do that it's just it's the  thinking and translating part that makes it worse  

because you're not spending time seeing natives  do these things so you need to see natives doing  

these things or expressing these things like even  something simple you know A rock falls on my head  

what do I say in English in English I say ouch  or damn or you know something there are different  

ways I could express this in Japanese it's it so  when I hear something like that or a child like  

even like an old person in Japan stands up and  stretches and they're like and like that's that's  

the kind of grunt sound that they make so we don't  do that in English uh but when when people say say  

that and young children in Japan see adults doing  that they start doing the same thing they think  

okay like like little kids just copy what their  parents or adults do uh and they're not learning  

it through translations they're just seeing in  this situation this is what people say so there  

there's no need for an additional language there  so it's probably difficult for people to translate  

because you've been learning through translations  for so long but the good news is it's easy to stop  

doing that if you make this switch to learning  English in English rather than trying to learn it  

through another language so at first it's like oh  no I what am I going to do without my translations  

but you only need a few examples to feel okay this  really is the way I should be learning because you  

get these aha moments as you understand things in  the language and that's what helps you speak all  

right so uh just remember that I know even if it  might feel uh more difficult for you uh at first  

it's a faster way to learn and it's a faster way  and much easier way to speak uh let's see Mo says  

I dreamed in English does that mean I'm fluent  now uh well it's it's a good sign it's a good sign  

remember like understanding things or using things  uh while you like while you're dreaming you don't  

have much control over that unless you're having a  lucid dream which is a thing where you can kind of  

uh control the dream or control what doing um but  yeah it's a good sign that you're you're learning  

more R says fluency in Japanese seems more than  knowing the language they have other factors into  

the account that Western people may not know when  they talk well again like there there's nothing  

different about about different languages just  like thinking about speaking so let's ignore the  

different written languages I'm just talking about  children like a child born in the United States  

versus a child born in in Japan so they will  both learn different ways of expressing things  

for particular ways or particular situations  and in Japan like you like part of the culture  

or part of the language is shortening things and  speaking knowing that the other person understands  

what you're talking about without using any like  without saying the whole sentence so I could just  

say like Sam and that means like like the weather  is cold or I'm cold or whatever but I don't need  

to say I am cold people understand that from the  situation so with the English version of that you  

would have like grammatically say I am cold like  if I just said cold in English people would people  

would be thinking like what do you what what do  you mean like are you cold or what specifically  

is cold but in Japan like it's a it's like the  culture is different but you learn that same  

thing as you learn The Language by studying the  people you don't really learn the language just  

from a textbook The Textbook can give you examples  of things but it's seeing what other people do in  

this situation so I should do that that thing or  similar things in that situation as well so you  

might have a situation like someone says they're  cold or they're tired or you know whatever that  

you can take something simple or more advanced  there will be different ways of expressing things  

like how do you apologize how do you say I'm sorry  uh for doing something there are different ways  

to express that and so so if you see a bunch of  different Native examples of people apologizing  

for something then you will know how to do that  too so you will feel confident like this is the  

intonation these are the words these are the  specific ways of speaking or whatever you learn  

all of that as one unit just by seeing natives  doing that same thing all right now I I I don't  

like reminding people that this is how you learned  your native language because then people think  

well I'm not a native English speaker so I can't  learn like that but as basically what I'm telling  

you to do all right so that'll be our secret over  here but the point is to understand in the same  

way uh that you that you learned your native  language and it just means you're connecting  

directly with the language without trying to  need uh translations or anything uh bay says  

yet learning Japanese through translations is a  total mess for me when I came across words uh yeah  

so my brain just short circuited yeah so again  like if you're if you're learning specific like  

vocab ulary and again like even like learning  kanji like this like you can learn something  

um like you can learn like the story for a  particular word that helps you understand uh  

that word better so like like if we have a well  so Kani like this uh it's like Exquisite like  

we can think of a story like so this is the the  element for woman uh this is the element for Fe  

and we can make up a little story that's like few  women or like you know some we could you know come  

up with something like that or we could come up  with like another example uh if we have let's  

see what's another good one so this is the the  character for jealous it's like a woman with a  

rock so you could think of like you know a woman  like throwing a rock at another woman something  

like that so anyway like uh instead of trying to  translate one thing through something else it's  

more about kind of understanding uh and it's it  it becomes easier with a word or an example like  

Japanese because often we get some kind of story  not always but often we do so when we're thinking  

about learning a particular character uh it's  better again to understand it within the language  

itself rather than trying to get a translation  of it all right so it works the same way um but  

again the point is to to pay attention uh to to  like what you know what the what what the actual  

people are doing for particular situations and  that's how you understand it Moy says how do I  

master sounds for example lip movement and stuff  so that it should look and sound natural is there  

any course on that well I mean just watch natives  just watch what we're doing influent for life so  

if you're looking for specific ways of making  sounds uh the general thing I recommend people  

doing is is what I call sound transitioning so to  change from one sound to the next so let's say I  

I I move my mouth in a particular way like ah to  make an ah sound but I can I can change change  

my mouth while continuing to produce a sound and  that will help me find like the the correct mouth  

movement for something so if I want to say ah and  then I want to say ooh like how would I do that I  

can say a look at that so I I I close my mouth  a bit more and as I continue producing sound uh  

like I can I can think about how might I do that  and just try moving my mouth in different ways  

so I'm transitioning from one sound to the next  not trying to just like make one sound and then  

copy another sound which is a bit more difficult  but if I can move my mouth in different ways to  

try to match that and try to find that sound  that's how you can do that so that's a simple  

way just to to connect and see if you can make  different sounds like I can you know like click  

you know make different kind of sounds or I you  know anything like that it's the same way you're  

kind of uh with music how you going from one note  to the next so just continue to make a sound and  

try moving your uh mouth in different ways that  will help you understand how to make those sounds  

so Frederick can help you with that uh and also  the examples influent for life just watch how  

people speak you can slow the videos down if you  care about that but remember that each person is  

going to sound a little bit different so you don't  need to try to match one person's accent or sound  

like the way they pronounce something exactly  uh each person is going to sound a little bit  

different so it's much better to get a bunch of  different examples and find what's comfortable  

for your voice because your voice you you have a  physical you know skull and mouth and it's it's  

a little bit different than everyone else's so  it's going to sound a little bit different too  

but it can still sound native if you listen to a  lot of examples all right so hopefully that helps  

there uh let's see and then Susi with a little  Rose there lovely oh says T's teachers believe  

that shadowing helps to achieve fluency what do  you think well I mean shadowing is just like one  

thing you can do where you're basically copying  what other people are saying and for me like the  

shadowing is good if you're trying to mimic what  like what someone else is saying like Okay like  

this person said cat so I should try to say cat  in the same way uh but for me my focus is more on  

conversational fluency and being able to speak and  so rather than just repeating particular people  

I'd rather see a bunch of different examples  of how people might speak so you can think of  

uh shadowing as like I don't know it's it's like  a later step in refining how you speak so if I'm  

trying to sound like a particular person uh but  the first thing I should be trying to do is going  

for fluency where I really understand something  without a doubt so often repeating things like  

repeating After People isn't really going to  help you understand things better it's multiple  

varied examples that help you understand things  and then when you understand things you can try  

to refine your pronunciation or your listening  or whatever so yes like shadowing isn't a bad  

thing I don't think it's even a waste of time uh  it's just I think less important than focusing on  

fluency in general so I wouldn't say that like  shadow gives you fluency I mean it's it's kind  

of related to that but again repeating people is  not what helps you understand things like I could  

I could take a word like again if I'm teaching  you uh the word c in an alien language and I  

just keep repeating c c c c you're not going to  understand the word any better when I repeat it  

100 times so repetition even if you learn to  like you know make the correct mouth movement  

or something it's not giving you fluency because  fluency comes from understanding things without a  

doubt so that's really that's why I focus on  that so again like I I I don't have anything  

bad to say about uh shadowing it's just like if  it's not removing doubt I don't really focus on  

that so it's good uh if you want to sound like a  particular person then try to listen to them and  

mimic the way they sound but if you're going for  fluency you really should be getting a variety  

of examples uh and and hearing how how different  people speak so remember again like I'll hear that  

secret again you're learning English the same  way you learned your native language you need  

multiple examples so in your native language if  you only heard your mother while you were a child  

you will sound like your mother but if you hear  your mother and father and brothers and sisters  

and you know other family and teachers and all of  these other things on TV that's what gives you a  

unique voice you don't sound exactly like anybody  else so that's in your native language so you just  

have to do that again uh but systematically in  English and it's much faster to do it if you learn  

you know like like we do in fluent for Life the  point is to do it systematically not just to get  

a bunch of random input all right uh so shadowing  is not like you know itself like a bad thing it's  

just again like you should be thinking is this  removing doubt re says studying people uh when  

people talk is the best described explanation  I as a Japanese have to think concretely for a  

specific word when I speak in English yeah so  you like again the the kind of studying people  

when you see examples of what other people  do in a language like like you probably say

like when you when you just do that naturally  the same way a an English speaker would say  

like yay or yes or whatever when they do  something well all right and it's just  

because you've seen other people do that in that  situation and that's what you're really copying  

all right look at that lots of good questions  and points though Fabio says what programs do you  

recommend books and movies uh you should watch  my videos about books I recommend and videos I  

recommend just search the channel for that uh  but again the point is not like you could get  

fluency and understanding from lots of different  things the point is not like you need to have  

this one example but the best thing you can use is  anything that removes doubt and often it's a bunch  

of examples together that help you removed out so  that's why we design fluent for life the way it  

is and that's why I teach the way I do that's why  I learn the way I do I don't want to just get one  

example so I uh like I watch for example um like  interviewing uh interviewing Japan I think is the  

name of the channel there just another Channel  on YouTube that is is a a guy from Britain who  

interviews Japanese people and it's giving you  naturally varied review he probably doesn't know  

that term but like he's a language learner also Al  in his Japanese is really good uh and he's learned  

you know probably in the way I'm describing  I've never spoken with this guy but uh this  

is an example of the kind of way you should be  learning where you hear like here's a a question  

and a bunch of different people answer it very  simple so it's it's another example of naturally  

varied review where uh you're not just getting  one example of something you're hearing how many  

different people would pronounce something or  say something or Express something so some things  

will be similar and some things will be a little  bit different but the whole thing it creates a web  

of understanding that's what eliminates the doubt  all right so the more examples you can get the  

better it's not from a particular book it's just  getting the uh write things systematically all  

right hello from Vietnam look at all those flags  over there all right thanks so much impeccable  

explanation as always stay blessed thank you Moes  and Olga says thank you as well all right kind if  

every ative speaker spoke like you I surely would  be fluent well you would easily understand people  

but it wouldn't necessarily make you fluent but  yes a lot of people I I get that comment pretty  

much every video I wish everyone spoke like you  drew all right and Chaser says Hi teacher Drew  

been watching your videos for a couple of years  love your Technique towards fluency acquiring the  

English language glad to hear it if you are  enjoying the videos do click the like button  

and share the video uh Victoria says it's not a  bad thing but most of the time I get bored while  

watching videos any tips for that uh it depends on  like what what videos are you not bored watching  

there must be some things you enjoy maybe you  like watching movies or you know whatever that  

thing is but the the the boredom overcoming  that usually comes from getting aha moments  

so if you can understand things and you feel more  confident that's what keeps you motivated so like  

we designed our app Frederick to give you lots  of aha moments to make sure the app itself isn't  

boring like you're you're testing different things  and seeing what sounds or what letter combinations  

make particular sounds uh and again you can do  that same kind of thing with books or videos or  

whatever it is you're interested in so there's  probably something you probably have movies that  

you enjoy watching or TV shows or whatever find  something you uh enjoy watching or pick a topic  

like even just watching a on YouTube you can watch  different videos of of any kind of topic you're  

interested in so pick a topic watch 10 different  videos about that topic and I guarantee you will  

feel more fluent all right let's see here I'm I'm  trying to get through these but people keep asking  

more questions all right let's see Edison says  how is the best way to get expressions like Good  

shapes how is the best way to get expressions like  Good shapes you mean like to be in good shape like  

physically like like muscular whatever to be in  good shape like to be healthy again you get you  

get real vocabulary from real situations so if  you see natives talking about like exercising  

if that's what you're talking about uh then you  will learn those vocabulary words so if you watch  

a bunch of people in English like native English  speakers talking about I don't know Fitness videos  

or whatever if you watch both of those or many of  those you will learn that vocabulary naturally so  

we gave uh like there's a health and fitness video  uh lesson set in fluent for life life and in that  

I actually teach a lot of these phrases but the  point is to kind of show you how they work so  

you understand them uh but again seeing them uh  used by natives in real situations that's where  

you learn uh how the how the vocabulary works  you learn what vocabulary to say and you learn  

how to connect your words fluently all right here  in Philippines uh says Chaser and L says when you  

heard people say come up with or come across  which sounds uh similar how learn these words  

uh it's again seeing uh particular situations and  trying to trying to understand different uh uses  

of them through through seeing those situations  so if you can think about it like again a a non  

a non-native speaker uh let me leave this here  hopefully this idea makes sense uh but this is  

another good example of a non-native speaker  trying to learn vocabulary through transl  

ations or trying to study words so let me just  I'm going to show you two different ways of  

learning this so here we have like uh what was  the examples like come up with and come across  

okay so here's come up with and then come across  so a non-native speaker who is learning English  

through vocabulary like they're trying to maybe  they get definitions or they're just looking at  

things it's it's like oh no like they look similar  because they both have the word come and they're  

both phrasal verbs and like oh no what do we  do with this now a native speaker they will get  

examples of these things in situations so they  will hear like like let's say I'm you know I'm  

like walking down the street and I see something  like physically on the ground like some money  

and look at that I like pick up the money and like  what I came up with $5 I came up with $5 so I like  

physically you know I'm walking I see same oh  look at that I came up with a marker so it's  

like you can imagine me bending over and I came up  with a marker so that's a physical understanding  

of how this word works okay so when natives are  seeing that they're not just looking at like the  

vocabulary and getting confused about that they're  actually coming like like really understanding the  

vocabulary very well because they know it so well  all right so it's how they learn it so I'm not  

trying to begin with the uh with the vocabulary  and beginning with the situation so we have come  

up with where I'm like you can you can physically  see me like oh I like bend over you can't see me  

on the screen and I well I came up with a marker  all right that's a physical use of it now in the  

same way I might well I'm thinking about something  and what I came up with an idea so that's a more  

non-physical uh usage of the same thing all  right so I came up with something something  

that's where we get that idea of like I kind of  reach down like I'm almost like like this like  

I'm reaching down into my head and what I came  up with an idea so I can say like I came up with  

that it's a similar idea but even though the the  words like like when we talk about turning on a  

radio so we still use the phrasal verb to turn  on even though we might be pushing a button so  

the vocabulary might be there but it's the idea  behind that that's what we're still thinking  

up uh and in that same way that's how you might  come up with a particular idea now come across  

something the same way was like I'm walking and  like what there's a marker in front of me I'm like  

I'm walking and I came across that thing it's  like in my path I can see here look at that I  

came across a marker okay so you can imagine me  walking like oh like I came across a dog I came  

across something else and from that physical  understanding now we understand oh like I came  

across like an interesting idea while reading a  book so that's a more non-physical or figurative  

way of understanding something okay so the point  is we don't begin with translations we don't even  

really begin with the vocabulary we begin with  uh the situation so you can see here like come

across and come up with are it's two  completely different things okay all  

right it's two completely different things so  I came up with something like I came up with  

an idea like now I just came up with a way to  demonstrate the difference between these ways  

of learning all right so uh if you feel confused  about these things it's because you have doubt  

about them it's not just like you know trying to  take the words and we're going to learn like 50  

different phrasal verbs with one verb or one you  know preposition or whatever we really want to  

understand and have no doubt about that thing all  right do you have no doubt about these now like  

look at that I came across something so Fabio you  would say I came across a snake or I came across  

some snakes or something like that be careful  with your uh yes you came you came across but  

it would be a snake or snakes something like  that does everybody get the idea here so the  

point is not like and this is exactly what I  what I just showed earlier in this video where  

it's not about beginning with a vocabulary word  or a translation or a definition we want to begin  

with the situation and then we can understand it  like a native so this is why we say like oh like  

why did he say I came up with that like what does  that mean like imagine I you know dig down into  

the dirt and I like come up with you know some  I came up with like a piece of gold or something  

like that so that's me physically uh demonstrating  that but in the same way I can come up with an  

idea or come up with a new invention or a way of  doing something so it's like I'm reaching into my  

head and what like I came up with something like  that all right so it's it's a it's a similar idea  

and we think about the situation and often natives  don't even know why like little kids today don't  

know anything about like turning on a light they  don't turn anything they push a button or flip a  

switch to do that but we still use the Expression  to turn on a light so lots of people still using  

that just for the the meaning of it but that's  the history behind that so often when I'm teaching  

these it's important to help Learners because  adults are always trying to be logical and we  

want to think like why does it mean that it's hard  for people to Simply accept the language so it's  

easier for me to try to give you examples of how  you understand things physically first and then  

get more figurative uh you know different ideas  of that so we explain like you can see this whole  

thing uh in fluent for life or the visual guide to  phrasal verbs but these are specific programs that  

help you learn this in the same way hopefully  that makes sense so so if you have vocabulary  

that's similar especially if it looks similar but  they really mean completely different things spend  

more time with that or get better definitions uh  you know find someone like us who can help you or  

however you do that but that's how you understand  the vocabulary better all right example uh this  

schedule is in good shape a lot uh Native yeah  so you would say in good shape no you don't say  

shapes it's just in good shape so it just means  like something is like like if I talk about  

like someone being physically fit like I could  describe a person like this who's like you know  

really really fat I guess so this person is like  not in good shape you know for if we're going to  

talk about like being like fit and healthy uh  but if we can you know get this person like  

thinner again get him some muscles you know like  like oh now they're I mean maybe that's too thin  

but you get the idea so we're trying to change  their shape and get them into a good shape so  

we can talk about a person physically being in  good shape or we can talk about anything like a  

lesson could be in good shape a car is in good  shape a computer is in good shape like if it's  

still working and functioning properly okay so  you see how as you get more examples you come to  

understand things a lot more easily all right all  right uh let's see I'll try to get through these  

last couple of questions here all right where  did I go what did I miss oh okay it on memo set  

says thank you for all the classes I have a  question if I can listen to you and understand  

almost all which English level would you say I  have like yeah the the question about being able  

to understand and and what your level is doesn't  really mean anything because the only thing that  

really counts is your ability to communicate  uh and again it's it's not like it's it's a bad  

thing if you can understand but for you if you  are trying to communicate it doesn't matter if  

you can only understand what I'm saying how well  can you speak do do you feel confident do you have  

doubts when you speak if you do then that's like  the real level you're at so you can have different  

levels you can have strong understanding but  very weak uh ability to communicate all right  

so you need to focus more on getting examples uh  to understand that better uh let's see and pran  

says good morning how are you I hope you are okay  I usually I usually very ESP special you because  

you are great teacher in the world your teaching  method is excellent I always look up to you well  

glad to hear it it's my pleasure Bridget nice  to see you there and fbio says fit incredibly  

clear way to explain it says justo glad to hear  it uh this is purely comprehensible in uh we say  

uh comprehensible input comprehensive that's  a different uh a different word where we're  

talking about like a wide range of something like  a comprehensive book talks about many different  

things but comprehensible means you are able to  understand it so yes I am giving comprehensible  

input but notice my goal here is not just to give  you a lot of input it's to erase your doubt all  

right if you don't have doubt about something you  will feel confident using it so the goal is not  

like a lot of people talk about comprehensible  input but very few people are talking about why  

we get the comprehensible input the point is to  eliminate the doubt that stops you from speaking  

so when you really understand something well then  you can use it all right that's the goal so yes I  

could I could give you a bunch of input but if  it doesn't make you feel more confident about  

speaking then I'm not really helping you very  much all right uh ra again says uh go getting  

to the verb come I get to wonder what comes next  and then start to seek for its context does that  

show I have some knowledge on come uh sure like  again as you get more examples of something you  

will feel more confident using it so your brain  will naturally uh look for more examples and try  

to make more connections uh dagum says who want  to practice English with me so so you again you  

can look for people to practice your English but  hopefully this video has shown you that the point  

is really to eliminate doubt and you can do that  by yourself so you can even before you say a word  

you can eliminate any doubts you have so that you  feel confident when you speak this is what we do  

in fluent for life and whether you learn with me  or not this is the way I recommend people learn  

because it eliminates the doubt and that that's  what allows you to speak all right uh Joseph says  

came up with kind of picking up plus coming across  I'm figuring it out right now yeah like you could  

come across something like coming across something  would mean like it was already there like I came  

across a good idea in a book but if I came up with  it it's coming from me so you can see how there's  

a distinction or a difference there uh let's  see Abdul says how many vocabularies I would  

learn from fluent for Life by visual guides if I  take fluent for Life uh there are I don't know I I  

would say I haven't counted them all but like over  13 ,000 I'm guessing just from the number of words  

in various lesson sets but part of this is going  to be vocabulary you already know but maybe don't  

feel so confident about using it and then part of  it will be new vocabulary where we really help you  

understand a lot of new things the way natives  uh natives learn and use them uh but that's how  

we get you fluent so it's it's like part of the  reason people join the program is because they  

know a lot of English already but they don't have  complete confidence about that vocabulary there  

are still things they're they're having doubts  about so if we can erase those doubts we will  

unlock your ability to speak with the vocabulary  you already know so it's a much faster way to  

improve but of course we also teach you lots  of new Expressions uh and help you understand  

new ways of learning uh even the vocabulary you  already know so like the word short as I explained  

before uh you know like a short like I could have  a short marker and a long marker but I could also  

have a short attention span or I could have a I  don't know like a short life or I could have a you  

know a short temper where I'm uh easily getting  angry at people all right so the point again like  

is to really help you understand the vocabulary  like a native so you speak without thinking or  

translating or hesitating it really is a wonderful  feeling when you can express yourself just like  

you can in your native language and you're just  doing that by basically doing what a native would  

do but I'm helping you learn it really really  actually better than a native because it's  

systematic so natives even young children when  they're learning their native language they get  

lots of examples but they're not really maybe they  don't understand things or parents aren't making  

sure that the children understand the example very  well there are lots of reasons uh why children  

actually learn much slower than they should be uh  so uh if if people want to get fluent this is what  

we do in fluent for Life uh and this is why we're  able to get people fluent so quickly all right  

look at that uh we've got to the end of time yes  you can also have a short we say a lack l a c k a  

lack of time all right well I'm still recovering  from my sickness uh and if I continue to speak

more uh my throat is going to is going to run  I don't know it's going to I think it's going  

to it's going to end on me um so hopefully uh  again you have enjoyed this if you have please  

do click the like button it does help the channel  uh especially because we don't have advertising on  

the channel you probably noticed this when you  watch videos and you don't see a bunch of ads  

on the videos uh it's because I want you to get  fluent as fast as possible well have a fantastic  

day if you're not a member of fluent for life and  you would like to get fluent faster you can click  

on the link in the description below this video  to learn more about that if you have any questions  

about the program just send us a mail at info@  English anyone.com but we would love to get you  

fluent we know how to do it we're very good at it  we've been doing it for over 20 years and we can  

help you too have a fantastic day and I will see  you in the next video thanks again Bridget bye-bye