What is a pronoun? Learn English Grammar Lesson - How to use pronouns in English - LESSON ONE

71,158 views ใƒป 2016-12-14

English Addict with Mr Duncan


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:17
Hi everybody, this is Misterduncan in England. How are you today? Are you okay? I hope so!
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฏธ์Šคํ„ฐ๋˜์ปจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋– ์„ธ์š”? ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์œผ์„ธ์š”? ๋‚˜๋Š” ํฌ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค!
00:24
Are you happy? I hope so!
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ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๋‹ˆ? ๋‚˜๋Š” ํฌ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค!
00:28
In today's lesson we are going to talk about pronouns.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
So the first question must be...what is a pronoun?
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€... ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:43
A pronoun is a word that can be used as a noun by itself
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๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด
00:47
and one that refers to either of those taking part in a conversation, such as 'I' or 'you',
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์ด๋ฉฐ 'I' ๋˜๋Š” 'you'์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜
00:56
or to someone or something mentioned elsewhere, such as a third person or a thing that is not present,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง€์นญํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ(he), ๊ทธ๋…€(
01:05
such as 'he' or 'she', 'it' or 'that'.
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she), ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ(it), ์ €๊ฒƒ(that)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ.
01:12
This might seem like a simple form of grammar, but sadly there are some complications,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์Šฌํ”„๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
which is to say; there are different types of pronouns.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
In fact the use of pronouns in English is one of the most debated and contested parts of the whole English language.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ์ „์ฒด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
Many heated exchanges have taken place over how these different types of pronouns should be used.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์—ด๋ค ๊ตํ™˜์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
So let's dive straight in
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ค์–ด
01:41
and take a look at them...shall we?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค... ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊นŒ์š”?
01:50
A person pronoun forms a group of words that show contrasts of person, gender, number, and case, or occurrence.
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์ธ์นญ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ธ์นญ, ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ์ˆซ์ž, ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์˜ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
The words are - I, you, he, she, it, we, they, me, him, her, us and them.
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๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋‚˜, ๋„ˆ, ๊ทธ, ๊ทธ๋…€, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ, ๊ทธ๋“ค, ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ, ๊ทธ๋…€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
You will see that this set of words can be paired to show contrast.
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ด ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์Œ์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
For example - he and she contrast each other. That is to say, they can be compared.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ์™€ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋น„๊ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
The correct use of personal pronouns is one of the most debated areas of English usage.
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์ธ์นญ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„์•ผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
A good case being the use of subjective personal pronouns.
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์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ธ์นญ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
This refers to the subject in question containing a personal pronoun.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ์นญ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
As we have already seen - I, we, they, he and she are all subjective personal pronouns.
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์ด๋ฏธ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ, ๊ทธ๋“ค, ๊ทธ, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ธ์นญ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
On the other hand, me, us, them, him and her are referred to as objective pronouns,
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด me, us, them, him, her๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋‚˜
03:21
which means they are used as the object of a verb or preposition.
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋กœ ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ฒฉ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
This is why it is incorrect to say
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:41
It should be...
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It should be...๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
You wouldn't say 'Me went to the shops.'
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'๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
Using the pronoun alone makes the mistake very obvious.
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๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
It is also incorrect to say
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04:00
The preposition in the sentence causes the pronoun to be 'me'.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ '๋‚˜'๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
'He came with me.'
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์™”์–ด์š”.'
04:10
A good way to check whether a pronoun works in a sentence, is to simplify it.
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๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
Of course not everything in English is so straight forward.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์˜์–ด์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
This is where the traditional analysis starts to break down.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„์ด ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
Problems arise when a personal pronoun is used alone without the context of a verb or a preposition.
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์ธ์นญ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ ์—†์ด ๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ๋•Œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
04:40
Traditionalists sometimes argue, for example that...
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์ „ํ†ต์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด... ๋Š”
04:49
are incorrect and that the correct form is...
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ํ˜•์‹์€...
04:58
Of course for many native speakers, the first use sounds more natural.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋งŽ์€ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
So the dispute between traditionalists, who by the way base many of their arguments on the use of Latin,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ์ „ํ†ต์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค
05:12
and those who use English on a daily basis rattles on.
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๊ณผ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
However nowadays is it generally acceptable to say - 'Who is it? It's me!', 'She's taller than him', 'I didn't do as well as her'.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์š”์ฆ˜์—๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ '๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ง€? ๋‚˜์•ผ!', '์Ÿค๋ณด๋‹ค ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค', '๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฑ”๋งŒํผ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ'.
05:29
Finally there is the impersonal pronoun, which fortunately is much easier to explain.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋น„์ธ์นญ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
An impersonal pronoun expresses the use of 'it' when used without definite reference or antecedent.
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๋น„์ธ์นญ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์ฐธ์กฐ๋‚˜ ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌ ์—†์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ๋•Œ 'it'์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
An impersonal pronoun is used in sentences such as 'It was snowing' or 'It seems hard to believe'.
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๋น„์ธ์นญ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” '๋ˆˆ์ด ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค', '๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
So that is all you need to know about pronouns.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
A complete list of common pronouns will follow in a moment,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ์ „์ฒด ๋ชฉ๋ก์€ ๊ณง ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
06:10
but for now this is Misterduncan in England saying thank you for watching me, teaching you and of course...
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ Misterduncan์ด ์ €๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก 
06:21
ta-ta for now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋”ฐ๋”ฐ๋”ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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