Expressing ๐Ÿ‘GOOD & BAD QUALITY๐Ÿ‘Ž - English Addict - EXTRA - ๐Ÿ”ดLIVE stream - WED 10th JULY 2024

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2024-07-11 ใƒป English Addict with Mr Duncan


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Expressing ๐Ÿ‘GOOD & BAD QUALITY๐Ÿ‘Ž - English Addict - EXTRA - ๐Ÿ”ดLIVE stream - WED 10th JULY 2024

2,022 views ใƒป 2024-07-11

English Addict with Mr Duncan


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

04:12
I remember a couple of years ago.
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ๆ•ฐๅนดๅ‰ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:16
We used to play a little game called Spot the White Van.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€ŒSpot the White Vanใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅฐใ•ใชใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:21
Well, today, I think if we were to play that game, it would be very easy to do.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€ ็งใŸใกใŒใใฎใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:26
Because the view from my window is looking
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใฎ็ช“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎๆ™ฏ่‰ฒใฏ
04:29
towards the mountain 54 motorway.
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ๅฑฑ54้ซ˜้€Ÿ้“่ทฏใฎๆ–นๅ‘ใ‚’ๅ‘ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:33
And to be honest with you, at this time of the day,
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ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ใ“ใฎๆ™‚้–“ๅธฏใ€
04:36
almost every vehicle on the motorway
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้ซ˜้€Ÿ้“่ทฏใ‚’่ตฐใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ™ในใฆใฎ่ปŠไธกใฏ
04:40
is a white van or a white lorry.
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็™ฝใ„ใƒใƒณใ‹็™ฝใ„ใƒˆใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใ™ใ€‚
04:44
In fact, you can see one going by right now in the distance.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ไปŠใ€้ ใใซไบบใŒ้€šใ‚Š้ŽใŽใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
04:49
So that actually is the main road that links
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใƒŸใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใจใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒผใƒซใ‚บใ‚’็ตใถๅนน็ทš้“่ทฏใชใฎใงใ™
04:54
the Midlands to Wales.
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ใ€‚
04:58
So those cars are going either
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่ปŠใฏ
05:01
towards the Midlands or towards Wales.
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ใƒŸใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใ‹ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒผใƒซใ‚บใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:05
Here we go. We are back together again.
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ใ•ใ่กŒใ“ใ†ใ€‚ ใพใŸไธ€็ท’ใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:07
It is nice to see you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซใŠไผšใ„ใงใใฆๅ…‰ๆ „ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:09
And yes it is English addict.
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ใใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžไธญๆฏ’ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:12
Coming to you live from the birthplace of English,
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่‹ฑ่ชž็™บ็ฅฅใฎๅœฐใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใธใ‚„ใฃใฆๆฅใพใ™
05:16
which of course is England.
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ใ€‚
05:22
And? We
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ใใ—ใฆ๏ผŸ
05:30
are back.
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ๆˆปใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:33
we are back together again.
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็งใŸใกใฏใพใŸไธ€็ท’ใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:36
It's ever so nice to see you.
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ใŠไผšใ„ใงใใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฌ‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:39
Hi, everybody. This is Mr.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฏ
05:42
Duncan in England. How are you today?
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎใƒ€ใƒณใ‚ซใƒณใ•ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:44
Are you okay?
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:46
I hope so.
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ใใ†ใ ใจใ„ใ„ใ€‚
05:47
Are you feeling happy?
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ๅนธใ›ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:48
I hope you are feeling good today.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ”ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:51
We have made it all the way to Wednesday.
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ๆฐดๆ›œๆ—ฅใพใงใ‚„ใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:56
A very interesting week for many reasons.
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ๅคšใใฎ็†็”ฑใ‹ใ‚‰้žๅธธใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ไธ€้€ฑ้–“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:59
I have been busy making new lessons
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎไฝœๆˆ
06:03
and of course preparing my live streams.
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ใจใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–้…ไฟกใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใงๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:06
You might notice, or you may have noticed this.
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ๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€ๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:11
I am now doing live streams twice a week.
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็พๅœจใฏ้€ฑใซ2ๅ›žใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–้…ไฟกใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:15
Again, a lot of people were asking Mr.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ
06:18
Duncan, can we have your Wednesday live stream?
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ใƒ€ใƒณใ‚ซใƒณใ•ใ‚“ใซใ€Œๆฐดๆ›œๆ—ฅใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใ‚นใƒˆใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:21
So here I am in the middle of the week
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ๆฅ้€ฑๆœซใฏ้€ฑใฎ็œŸใ‚“ไธญใซใ„ใพใ™
06:25
next weekend.
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ใ€‚
06:26
By the way, talking of live streams, next Sunday
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ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใ‚นใƒˆใƒชใƒผใƒ ใฎ่ฉฑใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆฅ้€ฑใฎๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅใฏใ€
06:31
it will be episode 300 of my Sunday English Addict.
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Sunday English Addict ใฎใ‚จใƒ”ใ‚ฝใƒผใƒ‰ 300 ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:39
Can you believe it? 300 episodes.
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ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ 300่ฉฑใ€‚
06:42
Not only that, next Monday
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ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใฏใชใใ€ๆฅ้€ฑใฎๆœˆๆ›œๆ—ฅใฏใ€
06:46
is the eighth anniversary
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06:49
of my first ever live stream, not English Addict.
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English Addict ใงใฏใชใใ€็งใŒๅˆใ‚ใฆใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–้…ไฟกใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ 8 ๅ‘จๅนดใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:54
So before English Addict I was doing lots of other live streams as well.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€English Addict ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใฏใ€ไป–ใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ– ใ‚นใƒˆใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚‚ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚„ใฃใฆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:00
So a busy weekend.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„้€ฑๆœซใ€‚
07:01
We have episode 300 of English Addict and on Monday next Monday
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English Addict ใฎใ‚จใƒ”ใ‚ฝใƒผใƒ‰ 300 ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆฅ้€ฑใฎๆœˆๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใฏ
07:07
it will be eight years since I started doing my live streams.
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ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ– ใ‚นใƒˆใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ 8 ๅนดใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ
07:12
I can't believe that that is true.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใ ใชใ‚“ใฆไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
07:17
I really, really can't.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็„ก็†ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:19
Well, we are here again and as I said, my name is Duncan.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใพใŸใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๅ…ˆใปใฉใ‚‚่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใƒ€ใƒณใ‚ซใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
07:24
I am an English addict.
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็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžไธญๆฏ’ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:25
I have a feeling the reason why you are here is because you are
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚
07:30
an English addict as well.
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่‹ฑ่ชžไธญๆฏ’ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:35
If you want to follow live captions,
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ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ– ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒญใƒผใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ไปŠใ™ใ
07:38
you can turn on live captions
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ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ– ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ใ‚ชใƒณใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:43
now if you want to follow along, you are more than welcome to do so.
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ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒญใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๅคงๆญ“่ฟŽใงใ™ใ€‚
07:50
Learning things
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ๅ‹‰ๅผทไธญ
07:53
I receive the same question
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07:58
again and again from you, the viewers watching out there.
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่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹่ฆ–่ด่€…ใฎ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ๅ—ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:04
How do I learn English? Mr. Duncan?
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใซใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ™ใ‹? ใƒ€ใƒณใ‚ซใƒณใ•ใ‚“๏ผŸ
08:07
What is the best way to learn English?
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถๆœ€่‰ฏใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
08:11
How do I start?
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ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใซ
08:14
What do I need to learn
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ไฝ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใฐใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹
08:17
when I begin learning English?
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?
08:21
Well, if you are here now, I would imagine that you already have
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไปŠใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ™ใงใซ
08:26
maybe a good level of English.
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ใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:28
However,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆฑบใ—ใฆ
08:30
never give up and never stop learning ever.
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่ซฆใ‚ใšใ€ๆฑบใ—ใฆๅญฆใณใ‚’ๆญขใ‚ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:35
In your life.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใฎไธญใงใ€‚
08:36
It doesn't matter how old you are, you never stop learning.
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ใ„ใใคใซใชใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:40
Always learn something new.
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ๅธธใซไฝ•ใ‹ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:42
And to answer the question, you learn like a child.
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ใใ—ใฆใใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅญไพ›ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚
08:48
The first thing any child will learn.
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ใฉใฎๅญไพ›ใ‚‚ๆœ€ๅˆใซๅญฆใถใ“ใจใ€‚
08:54
In their very,
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ้žๅธธใซ
08:56
very young years will be shapes
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่‹ฅใ„้ ƒใฏใ€
09:01
and colours before anything else.
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ไฝ•ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใพใšๅฝขใจ่‰ฒใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅนผใ„
09:06
The most important things to learn when you are
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้ ƒใซๅญฆใถในใๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใฏใ€
09:09
young are shapes and colours.
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ๅฝขใจ่‰ฒใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
09:13
And it's true.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:15
If you are teaching your
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09:17
young child your infant things around them,
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ๅนผใ„ๅญไพ›ใซ่บซใฎๅ›žใ‚Šใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
09:21
quite often there will be colours and shapes involved.
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่‰ฒใ‚„ๅฝขใŒ้–ขไฟ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:26
And the reason why I say that is because when you are learning anything,
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ใชใœใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใจใ€
09:31
including English, you always start
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใฆไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใจใใฏใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚
09:34
with the simple things from the beginning.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:38
The basics.
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ๅŸบ็คŽใ€‚
09:40
The most simple parts of that subject.
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ใใฎไธป้กŒใฎๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ƒจๅˆ†ใ€‚
09:47
I will give you an example.
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ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:48
When I started to learn how to edit,
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็ทจ้›†ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใณๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใจใใ€
09:52
I started with very basic things.
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็งใฏ้žๅธธใซๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:56
Very basic things,
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้žๅธธใซๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชใ“ใจใ€
10:00
methods, ways of editing, for example.
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ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€็ทจ้›†ๆ–นๆณ•ใชใฉใ€‚
10:04
And I will show you now the first thing I ever learned to do
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ็ทจ้›†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅˆใ‚ใฆๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใ‚’ไปŠใ‹ใ‚‰ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ™
10:11
with editing with this.
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ใ€‚
10:17
Fact is called a cut.
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ไบ‹ๅฎŸใฏใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
10:20
The first thing you ever learn
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10:23
when you are learning how to edit videos or film
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ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚„ๆ˜ ็”ปใฎ็ทจ้›†ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใจใใซๆœ€ๅˆใซๅญฆใถใ“ใจใฏ
10:27
is the simple cut, and that's what you just saw.
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ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใชใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไปŠ่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
10:32
So if you change from one thing to another,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‰ๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
10:36
that is described as a cut.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
10:39
We often use a cut
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10:42
when we are editing to speed up the pace,
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็ทจ้›†ไธญใซใƒšใƒผใ‚นใ‚’้€Ÿใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ€
10:46
to make something appear more exciting,
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚จใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใซ่ฆ‹ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎ
10:49
you will cut from one thing to another.
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ
10:54
So that is the first thing I ever learned
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10:57
when I was learning how to edit.
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็งใŒ็ทจ้›†ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใจใใซๆœ€ๅˆใซๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
11:00
Cutting something, going from one thing to another.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‰ๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซ็งป่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚
11:04
So that is the most basic thing.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
11:07
However, to this very day
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
11:10
I still use that method.
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็งใฏไปŠใงใ‚‚ใใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:14
In fact, it might be the most common thing I do
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
11:18
when I am editing a simple cut.
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ๅ˜็ด”ใชใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’็ทจ้›†ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:22
And of course, the second thing I learned from editing
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็ทจ้›†ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅญฆใ‚“ใ  2 ใค็›ฎใฎใ“ใจใฏใ€
11:27
is what we call the fade.
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ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒผใƒ‰ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
11:32
And there it is.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:34
You fade.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆถˆใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
11:36
The fade is often used where we want to show
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ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒผใƒ‰ใฏๆ™‚้–“ใŒ็ตŒ้Žใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
11:41
that time has passed by.
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ใ€‚
11:44
So those are the two things, the two first things.
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ไปฅไธŠใŒ 2 ใคใงใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ 2 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ
11:48
When I sat down to learn how to edit
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็ทจ้›†ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใผใ†ใจๅบงใฃใŸใจใ
11:52
the first things, I learned how to do was to cut and fade.
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ใ€ใใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใจใƒ•ใ‚งใƒผใƒ‰ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:56
Also, when to do them.
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ใพใŸใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ„ใค่กŒใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
11:59
So you cut to show speed.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
12:03
You fade to show the passage of time.
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ๆ™‚้–“ใฎ็ตŒ้Žใ‚’็คบใ™ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่‰ฒ่คชใ›ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:07
Or maybe the conclusion of something.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใฎ็ต่ซ–ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
12:12
So even though those were the
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
12:13
first things that I learned when I started editing, I still use them now.
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็ทจ้›†ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใจใใซๆœ€ๅˆใซๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€ ไปŠใงใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:18
And the same thing applies to learning English.
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ใใ—ใฆๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซใ‚‚ๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:23
You learn the basics because those are
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ๅŸบๆœฌใ‚’ๅญฆใถใฎใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ
12:27
the things you will always do
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12:31
for the rest of your life.
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ไธ€็”Ÿ็ถšใใ“ใจใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:33
You might also say the same thing about any skill, any life skill.
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ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚„ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ•ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใŒ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:38
You start with the basics things, the simple things, and quite often
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชใ“ใจใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใชใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใŒใ€
12:44
they are the things that you will always do.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅธธใซ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:47
You will always need those things.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏๅธธใซๅฟ…่ฆใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:51
You will always need to know those things.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅธธใซ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:55
So learning English
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใฏ
12:58
is just like learning anything else.
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ไป–ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:01
Whether you are learning the simple skills of life,
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็”Ÿๆดปใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ๅญฆใถๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใ€
13:05
you start with the basics.
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ๅŸบๆœฌใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใ‚‹ใง
13:08
You learn as if you are a child,
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ๅญไพ›ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅญฆใณใ€
13:12
you learn from the basics and then you build on those things.
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ๅŸบ็คŽใ‹ใ‚‰ๅญฆใณใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅŸบ็คŽใซใ—ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:18
Simple words, simple phrases.
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็ฐกๅ˜ใชๅ˜่ชžใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใชใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ€‚
13:22
You build on those things.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅŸบใซใ—ใฆๆง‹็ฏ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:26
Because I had to learn the same thing.
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใฐใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:29
When I learned how to edit, I had to find
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็ทจ้›†ใฎไป•ๆ–นใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใจใใ€
13:33
all of the simple things the basic things.
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ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใชใ“ใจใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:37
But remember, those are normally the most important things as well,
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใๅธธใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€้€šๅธธใฏๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
13:43
because you will probably use them all the time.
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ใ€‚
13:46
Hello to the live chat!
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ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใธใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏ๏ผ
13:48
I hope that's helped you.
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ใŠๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฆใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:49
By the way, if you are wondering how to learn English, hello Vitesse,
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ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹่ฟทใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒ†ใƒƒใ‚ปใ€
13:55
guess what you are first on today's live chat.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใงๆœ€ๅˆใซไฝ•ใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:06
I don't mind,
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ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€
14:08
I am always glad to see you all here.
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ“ใ“ใง็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใซใŠไผšใ„ใงใใฆๅฌ‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ
14:12
Whoever is first
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่ชฐใŒๆœ€ๅˆใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€
14:15
today it is Vitesse.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒ†ใƒƒใ‚ปใงใ™ใ€‚
14:18
Well done Vitesse.
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้ ‘ๅผตใ‚Œใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒ†ใƒƒใ‚ปใ€‚
14:19
You have a very fast thing.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้žๅธธใซ้€Ÿใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:22
without a doubt.
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็–‘ใ„ใชใใ€‚
14:25
You should probably enter the Olympic Games.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ชใƒชใƒณใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซๅ‡บใ‚‹ในใใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
14:28
They should have a sport of
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14:33
competition between people
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14:36
who are clicking their mouse to see who has the fastest finger.
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ใƒžใ‚ฆใ‚นใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใฎ้–“ใงใ€่ชฐใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚้€Ÿใ„ๆŒ‡ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็ซถใ†ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใ‚’่กŒใ†ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
14:40
I have a feeling that Vitesse will win, to be honest.
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ๆญฃ็›ดใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒ†ใƒƒใ‚ปใŒๅ‹ใคใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆฐ—ใŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:45
Who else is here today?
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏไป–ใซ่ชฐใŒๆฅใพใ™ใ‹?
14:47
Hello. Also, Beatrice.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ใ‚ใจใƒ™ใ‚ขใƒˆใƒชใ‚นใ‚‚ใ€‚
14:49
Hello to Beatrice.
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ใƒ™ใ‚ขใƒˆใƒชใ‚นใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
14:50
It's Beatrice, you are here today.
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ใƒ™ใ‚ขใƒˆใƒชใ‚นใงใ™ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:53
It's nice to see you back.
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ใพใŸไผšใˆใฆใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:55
Palmira Zizic.
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ใƒ‘ใƒซใƒŸใƒฉใƒปใ‚ธใ‚ธใƒƒใƒใ€‚
14:57
Hello, Palmira.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใƒ‘ใƒซใƒŸใƒฉใ€‚
14:59
Hello, Zizic.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใ‚ธใ‚ธใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€‚ ใพใŸ
15:00
it's nice to see you back.
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ไผšใˆใฆๅฌ‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:02
Mauricio is here as well.
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ใƒžใ‚ฆใƒชใ‚ทใ‚ชใ‚‚ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:05
I was watching
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็งใฏ
15:08
our rendezvous in Rome.
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ใƒญใƒผใƒžใงใฎๅˆๆตใ‚’่ฆ‹ๅฎˆใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
15:11
I like to watch it.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใŒ
15:12
I like to relive those wonderful memories of when we met up.
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ๅ‡บไผšใฃใŸใจใใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ‚’่ฟฝไฝ“้จ“ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
15:18
Also hello to.
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ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
15:20
Oh, sorry I am late, but I have my granddaughter and her child here.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€้…ใใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๅญซๅจ˜ใจใใฎๅญไพ›ใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:26
Can I call him my grandchild?
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ๅฝผใ‚’็งใฎๅญซใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
15:29
I don't know the name.
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ๅๅ‰ใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:31
Yes, you can have a grandchild.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ๅญซใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:33
You can have a granddaughter or a grandson.
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ๅญซๅจ˜ใ‚„ๅญซใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:37
It's up to you.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸๆฌก็ฌฌใงใ™ใ€‚
15:38
But you are right.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:39
And of course, I am talking to Luis Mendez
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใƒซใ‚คใ‚นใƒปใƒกใƒณใƒ‡ใ‚นใจใ‚‚่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
15:45
is here today.
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ใ€‚
15:47
Hello, Louis.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใƒซใ‚คใ€‚
15:48
Nice to see you here as well.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ไผšใˆใฆใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:51
Today's subject.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎไธป้กŒใ€‚
15:52
We are looking at quality.
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็งใŸใกใฏๅ“่ณชใ‚’้‡่ฆ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:57
It's an interesting word.
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่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
15:58
A simple word.
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ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใชไธ€่จ€ใ€‚
16:00
You might say, Mr. Duncan.
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ใƒ€ใƒณใ‚ซใƒณใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:02
That is a very basic word.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:03
However, the word quality can relate
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ€Œๅ“่ณชใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€
16:08
to almost everything that exists, especially in your life.
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ๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ใปใผใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ€็‰นใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎไบบ็”Ÿใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:13
If you are trying to make your life better or easier,
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็”Ÿๆดปใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๆฅฝใซใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€
16:19
you might find that quality is an important thing.
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ๅ“่ณชใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:25
You want the best.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:27
You want something that will be reliable and will work well.
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ไฟก้ ผๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใใ€ใ†ใพใๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
16:32
We often think of quality as levels of
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€ๅ“่ณชใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝŽใพใงใฎๆจ™ๆบ–ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใจใ—ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
16:38
standard
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16:40
from high to low.
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ใ€‚
16:43
That is what we are looking at a little bit later on today.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅๅฐ‘ใ—ๅพŒใง่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใŸใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
16:48
Who else is here?
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ไป–ใซ่ชฐใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸ
16:51
The live chat is very quiet by the way.
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ใกใชใฟใซใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใฏใจใฆใ‚‚้™ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:54
I hope we are still on.
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ใพใ ็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€‚
16:55
Are we still on? I hope so,
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ใพใ ็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ†ใ ใจใ„ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€
16:58
hello, Abdallah.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒ–ใƒ€ใƒฉใ€‚
17:01
Hello. Watching in Morocco.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ใƒขใƒญใƒƒใ‚ณใง่ฆณๆˆฆไธญใ€‚
17:03
Nice to see you here as well today.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:05
Watching in Morocco.
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ใƒขใƒญใƒƒใ‚ณใง่ฆณๆˆฆไธญใ€‚
17:07
Here is an interesting word.
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ใ“ใ“ใง่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:08
You know, I love the English language very much.
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ใ”ๅญ˜็ŸฅใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
17:11
And I'm always interested in words
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ใใ—ใฆใ€
17:15
that have more than one meaning or words
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่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใคๅ˜่ชžใ‚„ใ€
17:19
that can be used in many different ways.
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใซๅธธใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:23
And here is an interesting word.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใง่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:25
It might seem like a simple word, but this word can be used in many ways.
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ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใช่จ€่‘‰ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ€ใˆใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ ด้ขใงไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
17:29
It is a very expressive word.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚่กจ็พๅŠ›่ฑŠใ‹ใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:34
The word is appetite, appetite.
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่จ€่‘‰ใฏ้ฃŸๆฌฒใ€้ฃŸๆฌฒใงใ™ใ€‚
17:38
It is a noun.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
17:40
It relates to the strong desire for nourishment.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ „้คŠใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๅผทใ„ๆฌฒๆฑ‚ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:45
Quite often when we are talking about survival,
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ใ‚ตใƒใ‚คใƒใƒซใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€
17:49
we will often talk about eating, eating or drinking.
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้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€้ฃฒใ‚€ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆถฒไฝ“ใงใ‚‚ๅ›บไฝ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€
17:53
You can get nourishment from both types of food, whether it is liquid or solid.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎ็จฎ้กžใฎ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๆ „้คŠใ‚’ๆ‘‚ๅ–ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซ
18:00
The strong desire for nourishment
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ๆ „้คŠใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๅผทใ„ๆฌฒๆฑ‚ใฏใ€
18:05
to nourish yourself is to feed yourself,
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่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซๆ „้คŠใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
18:08
whilst at the same time you are also giving yourself
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ๅŒๆ™‚ใซ
18:11
those valuable minerals and vitamins and all of the things your body needs to survive.
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่ฒด้‡ใชใƒŸใƒใƒฉใƒซใ‚„ใƒ“ใ‚ฟใƒŸใƒณใ€ ใใ—ใฆไฝ“ใŒ็”Ÿใๆฎ‹ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใ™ในใฆใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
18:17
You might have an appetite for food, which is normal.
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้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹้ฃŸๆฌฒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆญฃๅธธใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
18:23
I have to say. Sometimes
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็งใฏ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ€‚ ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€
18:27
I do have a very strong appetite for food.
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้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ้žๅธธใซๅผทใ„้ฃŸๆฌฒใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŠ่…นใŒ
18:32
Sometimes I like to eat food even if I'm not hungry.
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็ฉบใ„ใฆใ„ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ”้ฃฏใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
18:36
To be honest with you, you have the desire to eat.
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ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€้ฃŸในใŸใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆฌฒๆฑ‚ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
18:42
You want to eat something.
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ไฝ•ใ‹้ฃŸในใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
18:44
Your appetite is the feeling you get.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ฃŸๆฌฒใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅพ—ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:48
It is a strange feeling.
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ไธๆ€่ญฐใชๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใงใ™ใ€‚
18:50
It is that that very odd connection between your stomach
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€่ƒƒใจ่„ณใฎ้–“ใฎ้žๅธธใซๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใชใคใชใŒใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
18:55
and your brain, because they are
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
18:59
very closely connected,
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้žๅธธใซๅฏ†ๆŽฅใซใคใชใŒใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
19:03
they are connected quite strongly and closely.
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้žๅธธใซๅผทใๅฏ†ๆŽฅใซใคใชใŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:06
So your your whole stomach quite often is
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่ƒƒๅ…จไฝ“ใŒ
19:10
communicating with your brain in one way or another.
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ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๅฝขใง่„ณใจ้€šไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้žๅธธใซๅคšใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
19:14
So your need for food can be described as your appetite.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใฎๅฟ…่ฆๆ€งใฏ้ฃŸๆฌฒใจ่กจ็พใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
19:18
You feel hungry, you have an appetite.
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็ฉบ่…นใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ€้ฃŸๆฌฒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
19:23
However, the word appetite
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€้ฃŸๆฌฒใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏ
19:27
can also be used in other ways as well.
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ไป–ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
19:30
We can describe the hunger for something, generally
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹้ฃขใˆใจใฏใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใฏ
19:35
a general thing that you want to have or you want to do.
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ๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚„ใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ“ใจใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:41
You have an appetite
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹้ฃŸๆฌฒใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
19:43
for that certain thing.
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ใ€‚
19:47
You might have an insatiable desire.
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้ฃฝใใชใๆฌฒๆœ›ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
19:51
Now, I like that word.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
19:53
Another interesting word, insatiable.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ใ€Œ้ฃฝใใชใใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:57
If something is insatiable, a person can be insatiable.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ้ฃฝใใชใใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ไบบใฏ้ฃฝใใชใใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:04
You have a desire and need.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏ้ก˜ๆœ›ใจๅฟ…่ฆๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:06
It is very strong.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅผทใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:08
You almost can't resist.
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉๆŠตๆŠ—ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
20:11
It is a very strong desire.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅผทใ„้ก˜ๆœ›ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:15
You might have an appetite for travelling.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ—…่กŒใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
20:18
You might feel as if you want to explore the world and see lots of different places.
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ไธ–็•Œใ‚’ๆŽขๆคœใ—ใฆ ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
20:24
I was talking to Steve yesterday about this very subject.
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็งใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ใจใพใ•ใซใ“ใฎใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:28
We were talking amongst ourselves, not here, but privately.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ“ใงใฏใชใใ€ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใซ็งใŸใก่‡ช่บซใฎ้–“ใง่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:34
We were talking about travelling in the future.
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็งใŸใกใฏๅฐ†ๆฅใฎๆ—…่กŒใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:37
So I would say that both myself and Steve,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใ‚‚ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ใ‚‚
20:42
we have an appetite for travelling.
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ๆ—…่กŒใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
20:46
I feel as if I really want to do more travelling in my life.
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ไบบ็”Ÿใฎไธญใงใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ—…่กŒใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๅฟƒใ‹ใ‚‰ๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:50
You might have an appetite for creativity to be creative.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ‰ต้€ ๆ€งใ‚’็™บๆฎใ—ใŸใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆฌฒๆฑ‚ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
20:56
Maybe you want to create art,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝซๅˆปใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่Šธ่ก“ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
21:00
a type of sculpture.
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ใ€‚
21:02
Maybe.
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ๅคšๅˆ†ใ€‚
21:03
Perhaps you want to write some poetry or maybe compose a song.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€่ฉฉใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆญŒใ‚’ไฝœๆ›ฒใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:09
It is all creative, so you might have an appetite
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ใ™ในใฆใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚จใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๅ†…ๅฎนใชใฎใงใ€
21:14
for creativity as well.
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ๅ‰ต้€ ๆ€งใธใฎๆฌฒๆฑ‚ใ‚‚้ซ˜ใพใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:17
An appetite for adventure.
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ๅ†’้™บใธใฎๆฌฒๆฑ‚ใ€‚ ่‹ฅใ„้ ƒใฏใ€ไบบ็”ŸใซใŠใ„ใฆ
21:21
You can have a strong desire for adventure
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ๅ†’้™บใธใฎๅผทใ„ๆฌฒๆฑ‚ใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
21:25
generally in life when you are young.
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ใ€‚
21:28
And I do remember in my young years I would say
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ใใ—ใฆใ€่‹ฅใ„้ ƒใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใจๅ†’้™บๅฅฝใใ ใฃใŸใจ่จ˜ๆ†ถใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:32
I was rather adventurous,
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21:36
certainly in my, my, my mid-twenties
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็ขบใ‹ใซใ€20ไปฃๅŠใฐใ‹ใ‚‰30
21:40
until my late 30s, I was very adventurous.
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ไปฃๅพŒๅŠใพใงใฏใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅ†’้™บๅฅฝใใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:47
I was always willing to do more, to travel more, and maybe to take more risks as well,
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็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ—…่กŒใ—ใŸใ„ใ€ ใใ—ใฆใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚‚ใฃใจใƒชใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅ†’ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:53
because sometimes doing something adventurous
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†’้™บ็š„ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใฏใ€
21:58
can also have its own risks as well.
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ใใ‚Œ่‡ชไฝ“ใฎใƒชใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚‚ไผดใ†ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
22:02
It can.
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
22:04
The word appetite is derived from Old French,
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้ฃŸๆฌฒใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏๅคใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใซ็”ฑๆฅใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใจใ‚‚ใจใฏ
22:09
originally from Latin,
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22:12
the Latin word for craving,
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ใƒฉใƒ†ใƒณ่ชžใฎใ€Œๆธ‡ๆœ›ใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใงใ€
22:16
which of course is a synonym of appetite.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“้ฃŸๆฌฒใฎๅŒ็พฉ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
22:20
Your craving for something, your want,
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆธ‡ๆœ›ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆฌฒๆฑ‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ
22:25
your need, your desire, the feeling
295
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ๅฟ…่ฆๆ€งใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ก˜ๆœ›ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
22:28
you have because you really want to have that thing.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆŠฑใๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐ
22:32
It is a feeling
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22:34
maybe in your stomach
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่ƒƒใฎไธญใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใงใ‚ใ‚Š
22:37
if it is food related, or maybe in your heart
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ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹็จฎใฎๆฌฒๆฑ‚ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐๅฟƒใฎไธญใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
22:41
if it is a desire of some sort.
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ใ€‚
22:45
So even though this does appear to be a very simple word,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๅ˜็ด”ใชๅ˜่ชžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€
22:50
it does have quite a lot of meaning.
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้žๅธธใซๅคšใใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:54
To be honest.
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ๅฎŸใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใ€‚
22:57
Hello to the live chat.
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ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใธใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
22:59
I don't want to forget you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚ŒใŸใใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
23:00
Don't worry, I won't.
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ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
23:02
Hello. Also to travel border.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ๅ›ฝๅขƒใซใ‚‚ๆ—…่กŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:05
Hello, Bangladesh. Hello to you.
308
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใƒใƒณใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ‡ใ‚ทใƒฅใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
23:08
Nice to see you here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใŠไผšใ„ใงใใฆใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:10
I know that I do have a lot of people watching over in your direction.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ–นๅ‘ใ‚’่ฆ‹ๅฎˆใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็งใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:15
Definitely.
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็ตถๅฏพใซใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
23:17
I know, because sometimes I like to have a look
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€
23:21
and find out where people are watching.
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ไบบใ€…ใŒใฉใ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’่ชฟในใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใชใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:25
I have a lot of people watching in Italy.
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ใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚ขใงใ‚‚ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎไบบใŒ่ฆณใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:31
Vietnam.
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ใƒ™ใƒˆใƒŠใƒ ใ€‚
23:34
India,
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ใ‚คใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚‚ใ€
23:36
the United States as well.
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ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใ‚‚ใ€‚
23:38
I do have viewers watching in the USA
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ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใงใ‚‚ใ“ใ“ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใงใ‚‚่ฆ–่ดใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹่ฆ–่ด่€…ใŒใ„ใพใ™
23:43
also here in England as well.
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ใ€‚
23:46
I do get a lot of people watching me in England as well.
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใงใ‚‚ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ็งใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:52
Hello, I made
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็งใฏ
23:54
who says I have an appetite
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23:58
for your speech when you explain words.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใซ้ฃŸๆฌฒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ไบบใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
24:01
Oh, so you want more information,
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใ€
24:05
you want more of that useful information.
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ๆœ‰็›Šใชๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใญใ€‚
24:10
So when a person is telling you something or giving you information,
326
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
24:15
maybe you become hungry for more.
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
24:20
You want more of it.
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
24:23
It sounds like you want more of it as well.
329
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ใ‚‚ใฃใจใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
24:26
Hello to soft gamer watching in the Philippines.
330
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ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒชใƒ”ใƒณใง่ฆณๆˆฆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆใ‚ฒใƒผใƒžใƒผใฎ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
24:31
Hello Philippines, I know your country and I hope you are having a nice day
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒชใƒ”ใƒณใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ›ฝใฎใ“ใจใฏใ‚ˆใ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ๆ™‚ๆœŸใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚็พๅœฐใงๆฅฝใ—ใ„ไธ€ๆ—ฅใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
24:36
where you are as well,
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24:39
so it has been a busy period of time.
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ใ€‚ ๆญฃ็›ด
24:43
I will be honest with you.
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ใซ็”ณใ—ไธŠใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:45
I have had a rather busy few weeks and it looks as
335
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ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ๆ•ฐ้€ฑ้–“ใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
24:49
if things are going to stay busy because I am making lots of new lessons.
336
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใพใ ใพใ ๅฟ™ใ—ใใชใ‚Šใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
24:55
I was out not yesterday,
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ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใงใฏใชใใ€
24:58
but the day before I was out filming some lessons, although yesterday.
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ๅ‰ๆ—ฅใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใจใฏใ„ใˆใ€ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๆ’ฎๅฝฑใงๅค–ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใฏ
25:02
Can I just say I don't normally share my personal things.
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ๆ™ฎๆฎตใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
25:07
But yesterday I was feeling quite unwell
340
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏ่Šฑ็ฒ‰็—‡ใงใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒๆ‚ชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
25:11
with hay fever because there is so much pollen
341
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€
25:15
and so much dust around at the moment,
342
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ไปŠใ€
25:19
from all of the pollen being produced by the grass and the flowers.
343
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่‰ใ‚„่Šฑใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‡บใ‚‹่Šฑ็ฒ‰ใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
25:25
That I was really unwell yesterday,
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ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไฝ“่ชฟใŒๆ‚ชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€
25:27
which was quite annoying because I had to struggle
345
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25:32
to make another lesson
346
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ๅˆฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซ่‹ฆๅŠดใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใšใ€
25:35
and I was here in the studio trying to film
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ใ“ใ“ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚ธใ‚ชใง
25:37
some extra shots for my latest lesson.
348
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ๆœ€ๆ–ฐใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ็”จใฎ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ๆ’ฎๅฝฑใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚่ฟทๆƒ‘ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
25:42
And I have to say, I was feeling so unwell.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒๆ‚ชใ‹ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ–ใ‚‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
25:46
My eyes were hurting, my throat was so
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็›ฎใฏ็—›ใ‹ใฃใŸใ—ใ€ๅ–‰ใ‚‚็—›ใ‹ใฃใŸใ—ใ€
25:50
my nose was painful, I felt dizzy,
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้ผปใ‚‚็—›ใ‹ใฃใŸใ—ใ€ใ‚ใพใ„ใ‚‚ใ—ใŸใ—ใ€
25:54
I felt tired, and yet yesterday I still managed
352
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ใ ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใซใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏใชใ‚“ใจใ‹ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸ
25:59
to finish the lesson.
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ใ€‚
26:01
And I'm sure you've been in the same situation in the past.
354
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚้ŽๅŽปใซๅŒใ˜็Šถๆณใซ้™ฅใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:05
I'm sure at some point you have had to go to work
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26:11
or do something, even though you don't feel very well.
356
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ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ‚ˆใใชใ„ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒไธ€ๅบฆใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:15
Sometimes you have to just push yourself.
357
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ๆ™‚ใซใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’่ฟฝใ„่พผใ‚€ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
26:18
So that's what I was doing yesterday.
358
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏใ“ใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
26:20
I really did have to push myself yesterday
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ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’่ฟฝใ„่พผใ‚€ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
26:24
to try and get my new lesson
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26:28
finished, and it was not easy to do.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
26:32
If I was honest with you, it was not very easy to do.
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ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ใใ†็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
26:36
A few people have been asking about my email and also about my Facebook,
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ไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฎไบบใŒ็งใฎ้›ปๅญใƒกใƒผใƒซใจ Facebook ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
26:42
so I will put this on the screen.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็”ป้ขใซ่กจ็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:45
So they're up there just over there
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
26:49
you can see my Facebook page.
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็งใฎFacebookใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
26:52
Also you will see my email address as well.
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ใพใŸใ€็งใฎใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใ‚‚่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
26:58
And of course if you want to make a small donation
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็งใฏ
27:00
to help this continue, because I do this for free.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็„กๆ–™ใง่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใฎ็ถ™็ถšใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆดใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅฐ‘้กใฎๅฏ„ไป˜ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
27:03
For 18 years I've been doing this for free
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็งใฏ 18 ๅนด้–“ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็„กๆ–™ใง่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
27:07
so you can send me an email.
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ใฎใงใ€ใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’้€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€
27:10
You can send me a friend request on Facebook
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Facebook ใง็งใซๅ‹้”ใƒชใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’้€ไฟกใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
27:15
or just follow me on there if you want.
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ใ‚‚ใ€ใใ“ใง็งใ‚’ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒญใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
27:19
Or you can send me a lovely donation as well if you would like to.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ”ๅธŒๆœ›ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€็งใซ็ด ๆ•ตใชๅฏ„ไป˜ใ‚’้€ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
27:24
I would be very happy because
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27:27
I do all of this.
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ใ ใ‘ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฌ‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒ
27:29
Everything I do here, I do it for free.
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ใ“ใ“ใง่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ™ในใฆ็„กๆ–™ใงใ™ใ€‚
27:32
It costs you nothing.
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่ฒป็”จใฏใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
27:36
Mauricio has to go now.
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ใƒžใ‚ฆใƒชใ‚ทใ‚ชใฏใ‚‚ใ†่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
27:38
See you later, Mauricio.
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ใพใŸไผšใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใƒžใ‚ฆใƒชใ‚ทใ‚ชใ€‚
27:40
I hope you are doing something fun
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‹ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆ
27:45
and you will enjoy it.
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ใ€ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
27:48
Abdel says in French we say a.
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ใ‚ขใƒ–ใƒ‡ใƒซใฏใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใงใฏใ€Œaใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
27:51
Yes, you might say.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
27:54
Say to someone in French.
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ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใง่ชฐใ‹ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
27:56
Bon. At Petit it means enjoy your meal.
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ใƒœใƒณใ€‚ Petit ใงใฏ้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
28:02
Bon appetit.
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้ฃŸๆฌฒๆ—บ็››ใ€‚
28:03
Have a good meal.
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ใŠใ„ใ—ใ„ใŠ้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚’ใŠๆฅฝใ—ใฟใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
28:05
Enjoy your meal.
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ใŠ้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚’ใŠๆฅฝใ—ใฟใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
28:08
I hope your appetite will be satisfied.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ฃŸๆฌฒใŒๆบ€ใŸใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:13
And of course, I suppose that's another good phrase.
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:16
So if your appetite is satisfied,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้ฃŸๆฌฒใŒๆบ€ใŸใ•ใ‚Œใ‚Œใฐใ€
28:20
it means you have eaten.
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้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
28:23
Or you've done the thing that you wanted to do.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚„ใ‚Š้‚ใ’ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
28:26
You satisfy your appetite, satisfy yourself.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้ฃŸๆฌฒใ‚’ๆบ€ใŸใ—ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’ๆบ€ใŸใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚„ใ‚Š
28:32
You feel better after doing the thing that you wanted to do.
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ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใŸๅพŒใฏๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒ่‰ฏใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
28:39
We will have a quick break and then we will look
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
28:42
at today's subject, which is quality.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ“่ณชใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
28:45
There are many things to talk about.
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่ฉฑใ™ในใใ“ใจใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
28:48
Many things to look at as well.
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่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ในใใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
28:51
All of that coming up in a few moments from now.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฏใ€ไปŠใ‹ใ‚‰ใ™ใใซๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
28:55
Don't go away. Stick around.
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้›ขใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใฃใคใๅ›žใ‚‹ใ€‚
28:57
There are still many other things to look at on today's live stream,
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–้…ไฟกใฏใพใ ใพใ ่ฆ‹ใฉใ“ใ‚ใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใฎใง
29:02
and I hope you will enjoy it as well.
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ใ€ใœใฒๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
30:59
I'm a big boy now.
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็งใฏไปŠใงใฏๅคงใใช็”ทใฎๅญใงใ™ใ€‚
31:48
English addict is with you today.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžไธญๆฏ’่€…ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใจไธ€็ท’ใงใ™ใ€‚
31:52
Coming to you live from the birthplace of English.
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่‹ฑ่ชž็™บ็ฅฅใฎๅœฐใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใ‚’ใŠๅฑŠใ‘ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
31:56
There is the view outside.
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ๅค–ใฎๆ™ฏ่‰ฒใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใปใฉ
31:59
I think the sun is trying to come out even though it's not very warm.
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ๆš–ใ‹ใใชใ„ใฎใซๅคช้™ฝใŒๅ‡บใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฐ—ๆธฉใฏ
32:05
It's only 18 Celsius.
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ใŸใฃใŸใฎ18โ„ƒใ ใ€‚
32:07
For those asking, that is the temperature today.
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ๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ไบบใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏไปŠๆ—ฅใฎๆฐ—ๆธฉใงใ™ใ€‚
32:11
But at least we have a little bit of sunshine
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚็งใŸใกใซใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘ๅคช้™ฝใฎๅ…‰ใ‚‚ๅทฎใ—่พผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™
32:15
coming through as well.
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ใ€‚
32:20
English addict and it is Mr.
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่‹ฑ่ชžไธญๆฏ’ใฎใƒ€ใƒณใ‚ซใƒณใ•ใ‚“ใงใ™
32:22
Duncan. That's me, by the way.
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ใ€‚ ใกใชใฟใซใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใงใ™ใ€‚
32:24
I don't know who you are because I can't see you.
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ๅงฟใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ„ใฎใง่ชฐใชใฎใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
32:27
But you can tell me if you want on the live chat.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใงๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
32:30
It is now up and running.
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็พๅœจใฏ็จผๅƒไธญใงใ™ใ€‚
32:34
Today we are looking at an interesting subject quality,
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€็งใŸใกใฏ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ไธป้กŒใฎๆ€ง่ณชใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
32:38
and it is something that I suppose we think about quite a lot.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใŒใ‚ˆใ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
32:43
The quality of something.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๅ“่ณชใ€‚
32:46
How good something is or how bad something is.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใฉใ‚Œใปใฉ่‰ฏใ„ใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใฉใ‚Œใปใฉๆ‚ชใ„ใ‹ใ€‚
32:52
We judge the quality.
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ๅ“่ณชใ‚’ๅˆคๆ–ญใ„ใŸใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
32:55
We decide for ourselves how good something is.
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็งใŸใกใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใงๆฑบใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
33:01
A thing can be promised
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33:04
as being good quality.
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ๅ“่ณชใฎ่‰ฏใ•ใŒ็ด„ๆŸใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚
33:09
So today we are looking at that particular subject
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎไธป้กŒใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽใ—
33:12
and that is what we are doing until the end of the lesson.
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใง็ถšใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
33:16
Quality work and phrase is quite often
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่ณชใฎ้ซ˜ใ„ไฝœๅ“ใ‚„ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฏใ€
33:20
when we show that something is good, we will often give it
430
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ใจใใซใ€ใ‚ˆใ
33:26
the thumbs up.
431
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่ฆชๆŒ‡ใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚
33:27
And that's why I've used that up there today.
432
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŒไปŠๆ—ฅใใ“ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸ็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
33:33
It seems like he's very happy with it.
433
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆบ€่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
33:35
I'm very happy with it.
434
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆบ€่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
33:38
It's good, good quality.
435
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่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™ใ€ๅ“่ณชใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
33:41
Of course, it is not always the case.
436
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๅธธใซใใ†ใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
33:44
Sometimes the quality might not be very good at all.
437
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ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€ๅ“่ณชใŒใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‰ฏใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
33:49
First of all, the level or standard
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ใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€ไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ
33:55
or satisfaction observed of a thing
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็‰ฉใ‚„ๆไพ›ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆณๅฏŸใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใ€ๅŸบๆบ–ใ€ใพใŸใฏๆบ€่ถณๅบฆใŒ
33:59
made or a service given is quality.
440
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ๅ“่ณชใงใ™ใ€‚
34:04
So when we describe quality, we are talking about the level of standard
441
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ“่ณชใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€
34:09
or satisfaction observed of a thing made or a service
442
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ไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚„ๆไพ›ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใซ้–ขใ—ใฆ่ฆณๅฏŸใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅŸบๆบ–ใ‚„ๆบ€่ถณๅบฆใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Š
34:15
given, often expressed as a form of judgement.
443
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ใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅˆคๆ–ญใฎไธ€ๅฝขๆ…‹ใจใ—ใฆ่กจ็พใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
34:20
And yes, I think it is fair to say that
444
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใฏใ„ใ€
34:23
when we talk about quality, quite often
445
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ๅ“่ณชใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
34:26
there is some sort of judgement taking place.
446
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ใ‚ใ‚‹็จฎใฎๅˆคๆ–ญใŒ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚้Ž่จ€ใงใฏใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
34:31
Whether something is high quality,
447
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ้ซ˜ๅ“่ณชใ€
34:35
medium quality
448
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ไธญๅ“่ณชใ€
34:37
or low quality or poor quality.
449
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ไฝŽๅ“่ณชใ€ใพใŸใฏไฝŽๅ“่ณชใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
34:41
So it is possible to express quality in many different ways,
450
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็‰นใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ๅ ดๅˆใซใฏใ€ๅ“่ณชใ‚’ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใง่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™
34:47
especially when we are spending money.
451
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ใ€‚
34:52
When we spend money quite often
452
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็งใŸใกใŒใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใใฏใ€
34:55
quality is important.
453
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ๅ“่ณชใŒ้‡่ฆใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
34:59
The perceived quality of something is used as a point
454
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎ็Ÿฅ่ฆšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅ“่ณชใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’
35:03
to decide whether to choose that thing or not.
455
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้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑบๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
35:07
So quality is the thing that we are looking at.
456
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใŸใกใŒๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅ“่ณชใงใ™ใ€‚
35:13
The thing itself, we have to make judgements.
457
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็‰ฉไบ‹่‡ชไฝ“ใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒๅˆคๆ–ญใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
35:16
Or maybe we are already told that that thing
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ“่ณชใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใ‹ๆ‚ชใ„ใ‹ใฏใ™ใงใซ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
35:21
is good quality or bad quality.
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ใ€‚
35:25
So we are using quality to decide
460
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ€
35:29
whether or not to buy something or to have something or to use something.
461
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑบๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅ“่ณชใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
35:35
So quality can be an item.
462
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ“่ณชใŒใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
35:39
How good a thing is or it can be service.
463
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็‰ฉใŒใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
35:45
Maybe you go to a restaurant, maybe you have very good food.
464
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ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ใŠใ„ใ—ใ„้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
35:50
You can say that that restaurant is high quality.
465
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ใ‚ใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฏ่ณชใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
35:56
If you go there, you will always get good service and good food.
466
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ใใ“ใซ่กŒใ‘ใฐใ€ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใจใŠใ„ใ—ใ„ๆ–™็†ใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
36:02
So quality can refer to almost anything
467
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ“่ณชใจใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒ
36:05
we do, anything we have, anything
468
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่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ€็งใŸใกใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ€
36:10
we do generally in our lives.
469
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็”Ÿๆดปใฎไธญใงไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
36:14
We have the perception of quality.
470
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็งใŸใกใฏๅ“่ณชใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹่ช่ญ˜ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
36:18
So each person has their own view
471
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใŸใจใˆใใ‚ŒใŒ้žๅธธใซ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใใฎๅ“่ณชใซใคใ„ใฆใฏไบบใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎ่ฆ‹่งฃใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
36:23
of the quality of something,
472
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36:26
even if it's very good.
473
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ใ€‚
36:28
Another person might think it is not very good
474
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ๅˆฅใฎไบบใฏใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‰ฏใใชใ„ใ€
36:32
or it is not good quality.
475
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ใพใŸใฏๅ“่ณชใŒ่‰ฏใใชใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
36:36
So quality of course, can be
476
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ“่ณชใฏ
36:39
subjective between one person and another.
477
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ไบบใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆไธป่ฆณ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
36:44
And I think it is always fair to to remember that.
478
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅธธใซ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใฎใฏๅ…ฌๅนณใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
36:50
So to judge
479
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
36:52
whether something is good quality or bad quality,
480
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๅ“่ณชใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใ‹ๆ‚ชใ„ใ‹ใ‚’ๅˆคๆ–ญใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€
36:57
we might judge something as being high quality
481
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็งใŸใกใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’้ซ˜ๅ“่ณชใ€ไฝŽๅ“่ณชใ€ใพใŸใฏไฝŽๅ“่ณชใจๅˆคๆ–ญใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
37:02
or low quality or poor quality.
482
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ใ€‚
37:07
So we talk about high quality, something that's well made,
483
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ้ซ˜ๅ“่ณชใ€ใ‚ˆใไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ€
37:12
something that is very tough,
484
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้žๅธธใซไธˆๅคซใชใ‚‚ใฎใ€
37:17
something that will last for a long time,
485
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้•ทใไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€
37:20
and then we have low quality or poor quality.
486
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ใใฎๅพŒใฏไฝŽๅ“่ณชใพใŸใฏไฝŽๅ“่ณชใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
37:25
It means it is not very good.
487
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‰ฏใใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
37:28
The quality is low.
488
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ๅ“่ณชใฏไฝŽใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
37:32
Something well-made
489
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ใ‚ˆใไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€
37:34
or guaranteed will most likely
490
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ใพใŸใฏไฟ่จผใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€
37:37
be viewed as being high quality.
491
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้ซ˜ๅ“่ณชใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฟใชใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
37:41
So I think this is this is always a good point
492
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
37:44
to remember if you are buying something.
493
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซๅธธใซ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใ่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
37:47
Not only is that thing good quality,
494
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ“่ณชใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€
37:51
but if it has a guarantee,
495
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ไฟ่จผใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
37:55
then quite often that product
496
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ใใฎ่ฃฝๅ“ใฏ
38:00
will be of good quality.
497
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ๅ“่ณชใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
38:04
Because most manufacturers, when they make something,
498
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3670
ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎใƒกใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใจใใ€
38:08
they will often guarantee that that thing will work.
499
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ‹•ไฝœใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ไฟ่จผใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
38:13
They say no, buy this.
500
2293539
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฒทใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
38:16
Take it away.
501
2296692
1418
ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠๅŽปใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
38:18
You will have years and years of use from that thing.
502
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ไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚ไฝฟใ„็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
38:22
However, just in case it does go wrong, just in case there is a problem,
503
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ไธ‡ใŒไธ€ใ€ๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใซๅ‚™ใˆใฆใ€ใ”
38:28
bring it back and we will replace
504
2308671
2986
่ฟ”้€ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐไบคๆ›
38:32
or give you your money back.
505
2312208
3003
ใพใŸใฏ่ฟ”้‡‘ใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ใ€‚
38:35
We will replace it.
506
2315211
1134
ไบคๆ›ใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ใ€‚
38:36
We will give you a new one or we will give you your money back.
507
2316345
4471
ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใŠๅฑŠใ‘ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€่ฟ”้‡‘ใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ใ€‚
38:41
So that is always a good sign of quality.
508
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3403
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅธธใซๅ“่ณชใฎ่‰ฏใ„ๅ…†ๅ€™ใงใ™ใ€‚
38:45
If there is also a guarantee, I think the average guarantee
509
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4772
ไฟ่จผใ‚‚ไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
38:50
these days is for 12 months,
510
2330075
3487
ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใงใฏ12ใƒถๆœˆใ€
38:54
sometimes two years, sometimes five years.
511
2334013
4437
ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏ2ๅนดใ€ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏ5ๅนดใฎไฟ่จผใŒๅนณๅ‡็š„ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
38:58
But I think it depends how much money you spend on that particular thing.
512
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4738
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ™ใ‹ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
39:04
So the more expensive something is,
513
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€้ซ˜ไพกใชใ‚‚ใฎใปใฉ
39:08
the longer the guarantee will be.
514
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ไฟ่จผๆœŸ้–“ใ‚‚้•ทใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
39:13
So we often see guarantees
515
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€
39:17
as things to look for when you are looking for quality.
516
2357236
3803
ๅ“่ณชใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ไฟ่จผใŒๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใจใ—ใฆใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
39:22
The more you pay for something, then the higher
517
2362641
2936
ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ใปใฉใ€
39:25
the quality level should be.
518
2365577
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ๅ“่ณชใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฏ้ซ˜ใใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
39:28
And I think this is something we all think about.
519
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2986
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกๅ…จๅ“กใŒ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
39:31
If you spend a lot of money on something,
520
2371516
3304
ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅคš้กใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ›ใฐใ€
39:35
you will expect it to be high quality.
521
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ้ซ˜ๅ“่ณชใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
39:40
Of course, the opposite is true as well.
522
2380208
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใใฎ้€†ใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
39:44
So if you only spend a little bit of money
523
2384329
2035
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆ
39:46
on something, maybe it won't be so good.
524
2386364
3270
ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
39:49
Maybe the quality will be poor
525
2389784
3003
ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅ“่ณชใŒๆ‚ชใ
39:53
and it won't work so well.
526
2393355
3003
ใ€ใ†ใพใๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
39:58
Certain brands are often seen
527
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4655
็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒ–ใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใฏ
40:03
as being high quality, and I'm sure you can think of 1 or 2
528
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5021
้ซ˜ๅ“่ณชใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่ฆ‹ใชใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ๅคšใใ€็‰นใซ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ–ใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใฎ 1 ใคใพใŸใฏ 2 ใคใฏๆ€ใ„ๆตฎใ‹ใถใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
40:08
brands, especially things that we all own.
529
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ใ€‚
40:12
And I can think of at least two things certain electronic devices,
530
2412974
5122
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใ‚„ๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใชใฉใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎ้›ปๅญๆฉŸๅ™จใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ 2 ใคใฎใ“ใจใŒๆ€ใ„ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใพใ™
40:18
such as computers and cell phones.
531
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ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
40:21
They often are made by, well, many different companies.
532
2421916
5606
ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชไผš็คพใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ่ฃฝ้€ ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
40:28
However, some of the companies have a better reputation.
533
2428273
5138
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไธญใซใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ฉ•ๅˆคใฎ่‰ฏใ„ไผๆฅญใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
40:34
They are seen
534
2434662
1585
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
40:36
as companies or brands that make very high quality products.
535
2436247
6040
้žๅธธใซ้ซ˜ๅ“่ณชใฎ่ฃฝๅ“ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ไผๆฅญใพใŸใฏใƒ–ใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใจใฟใชใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
40:42
So certain brands, I suppose you can think of
536
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็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒ–ใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€
40:47
cell phones, computers,
537
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3370
ๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ€
40:50
maybe even cars as well.
538
2450928
3154
ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใฏ่‡ชๅ‹•่ปŠใ‚‚่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
40:54
So the level of standard
539
2454882
3003
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
40:57
is normally higher with certain brands.
540
2457969
5055
้€šๅธธใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒ–ใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใงใฏๆจ™ๆบ–ใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใŒ้ซ˜ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
41:03
Of course, there is a very important caveat to that thing.
541
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใชๆณจๆ„็‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
41:08
And when we add a caveat, it means a final condition.
542
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5172
ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆณจๆ„ไบ‹้ …ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœ€็ต‚ๆกไปถใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
41:14
So there is always something that you have to do, especially if you want quality.
543
2474385
4972
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ็‰นใซๅ“่ณชใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใฏใ€ๅธธใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
41:19
So quite often these brands will also be known
544
2479724
3637
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒ–ใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใฏ
41:23
for selling expensive things.
545
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3019
้ซ˜ไพกใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฒฉๅฃฒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ‚‚็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
41:26
Their products will be expensive.
546
2486380
3003
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ่ฃฝๅ“ใฏ้ซ˜ไพกใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
41:30
So when you think about Apple products for example,
547
2490217
4388
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐ
41:35
the iPhone or the iBook
548
2495556
3520
iPhone ใ‚„ iBookใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ Apple ใซ
41:40
or anything connected
549
2500461
2419
้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใชใฉใฎ Apple ่ฃฝๅ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจ
41:42
to Apple, quite often those things will be expensive.
550
2502880
4204
ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้ซ˜ไพกใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
41:47
Even if you want to buy the most basic phone now in this country,
551
2507418
4371
ไปŠใ“ใฎๅ›ฝใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ใƒ™ใƒผใ‚ทใƒƒใ‚ฏใชๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’่ฒทใŠใ†ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€
41:52
the most basic iPhone is around
552
2512356
5555
ๆœ€ใ‚‚ใƒ™ใƒผใ‚ทใƒƒใ‚ฏใช iPhone ใฏใŠใ‚ˆใ
41:58
four or maybe ยฃ500,
553
2518395
3988
4 ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ 500 ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
42:03
which is a lot of money when you think about it.
554
2523067
3003
ใใ‚Œใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎ้‡‘้กใงใ™ใ€‚
42:06
There are many phones you can buy that are much cheaper than that,
555
2526136
3270
ใใ‚Œใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅฎ‰ไพกใง่ณผๅ…ฅใงใใ‚‹ๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
42:09
but they might not be such good quality.
556
2529907
2969
ใŒใ€ๅ“่ณชใŒใใ‚Œใปใฉ่‰ฏใใชใ„ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
42:15
Cars as well.
557
2535913
2068
่ปŠใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ“่ณชใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใจ
42:17
There are expensive cars that are seen
558
2537981
3120
่ฆ‹ใชใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹้ซ˜ไพกใช่ปŠใจ
42:21
as better quality, and cheaper cars
559
2541101
3153
ใ€
42:24
that are seen as not such good quality.
560
2544471
3570
ใใ‚Œใปใฉๅ“่ณชใŒ่‰ฏใใชใ„ใจ่ฆ‹ใชใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฎ‰ไพกใช่ปŠใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
42:28
So certain brands, certain products
561
2548425
4221
ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒ–ใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚„่ฃฝๅ“ใฏ
42:33
are often seen as good quality, but quite often
562
2553397
3003
ๅ“่ณชใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใจ่ฆ‹ใชใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ๅคšใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€
42:36
they are also expensive.
563
2556400
3119
้ซ˜ไพกใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚้žๅธธใซๅคšใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
42:41
Beatrice says we pay a lot for anything in Argentina
564
2561538
4821
ใƒ™ใ‚ขใƒˆใƒชใ‚นใ•ใ‚“ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ผใƒณใƒใƒณใงใฏไฝ•ใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใซใ‚‚้ซ˜้กใง
42:46
and it often comes with six months,
565
2566843
4054
ใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆ 6 ใ‹ๆœˆใ€
42:51
a six month guarantee up to one year.
566
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6 ใ‹ๆœˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœ€้•ท 1 ๅนดใฎไฟ่จผใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
42:56
I think one year is quite standard.
567
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1ๅนดใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆจ™ๆบ–็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
42:59
So even in this country, if you buy something normally you have
568
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ›ฝใงใ‚‚ใ€้€šๅธธไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
43:02
12 months guarantee, sometimes two years.
569
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12ใ‹ๆœˆใ€ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏ2ๅนด้–“ใฎไฟ่จผใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
43:08
But as I said earlier, it depends how much you spend on that thing
570
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ…ˆใปใฉใ‚‚่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซใใฎใ“ใจใซใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘่ฒปใ‚„ใ™ใ‹ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆฑบใพใ‚Šใพใ™
43:13
in the first place.
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ใ€‚
43:16
Good quality.
572
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่‰ฏๅ“่ณชใ€‚
43:17
So let's first of all take a look at the good quality
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ใงใ™ใฎใงใ€ใพใšใฏๅ“่ณชใฎ้ซ˜ใ„ใ€ๅ“่ณชใฎ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‰่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
43:20
things that are of high
574
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43:24
standard, good quality.
575
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ใ€‚
43:28
We can describe them as well made.
576
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ใ‚ˆใใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่กจ็พใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
43:31
Something that is good quality is often well made.
577
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ๅ“่ณชใฎ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ‚ˆใไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
43:36
It comes to a high standard.
578
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้ซ˜ใ„ๆฐดๆบ–ใซ้”ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
43:40
It is something that is reliable.
579
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้ ผใ‚‚ใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใญใ€‚
43:44
So that particular thing might be seen as being reliable.
580
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฟก้ ผใงใใ‚‹ใจ่ฆ‹ใชใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
43:49
It will last for a very long time without breaking.
581
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ๅฃŠใ‚Œใšใซใจใฆใ‚‚้•ทๆŒใกใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
43:54
So if you buy something that is good quality,
582
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ“่ณชใฎ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€
43:57
it will last.
583
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้•ทๆŒใกใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
44:01
Good workmanship.
584
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ๅ‡บๆฅๆ „ใˆใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
44:04
So here is an interesting phrase good workmanship.
585
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ€Œ่‰ฏใ„ไป•ไธŠใŒใ‚Šใ€ใจใ„ใ†่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
44:07
When we talk about workmanship, we are talking about how much trouble,
586
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็งใŸใกใŒ่ทไบบๆŠ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ทไบบๆŠ€ใจใ—ใฆไป•ไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใฎใซใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใฎ่‹ฆๅŠดใ€
44:13
how much attention and time has gone in
587
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ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใฎๆณจๆ„ใจๆ™‚้–“ใŒ่ฒปใ‚„ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
44:19
to making that particular thing workmanship.
588
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ใ€‚
44:24
How well that thing
589
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใ‚Œใปใฉใ†ใพใ
44:27
has been made or constructed.
590
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ไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๆง‹็ฏ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€‚
44:31
We often think of good quality as being luxury.
591
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4254
็งใŸใกใฏใ€ๅ“่ณชใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่ด…ๆฒขใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใŒใกใงใ™ใ€‚
44:35
We talk about luxury, something
592
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็งใŸใกใฏ่ด…ๆฒขใชใ“ใจใ€
44:38
that is nice, something that is high quality.
593
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็ด ๆ•ตใชใ“ใจใ€้ซ˜ๅ“่ณชใชใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
44:42
A hotel, for example, might be a very high standard.
594
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใฏ้žๅธธใซ้ซ˜ใ„ๆฐดๆบ–ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
44:48
It means that it
595
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44:51
is probably going to be classed as luxury.
596
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้ซ˜็ดšๅ“ใซๅˆ†้กžใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
44:55
A luxury hotel.
597
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้ซ˜็ดšใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใ€‚
44:58
Exclusive is another word that we often hear
598
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็‹ฌๅ ็š„ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚‚ใ€
45:02
when we are looking at things that we want to buy or something
599
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4504
่ฒทใ„ใŸใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚„ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆ่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใŸใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ€้ซ˜ๅ“่ณชใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ‚ˆใ่žใ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™
45:07
we want to spend our money on, something
600
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45:10
that we want to purchase that is good quality.
601
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ใ€‚
45:14
Sometimes we use the word exclusive
602
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ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ็‹ฌๅ ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
45:17
because that means only a few people will have that particular thing
603
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ้žๅธธใซ็‰นๅˆฅใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅฐ‘ๆ•ฐใฎไบบใ—ใ‹ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
45:23
because it's so special.
604
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ใ€‚
45:29
Then we have bad quality.
605
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏๅ“่ณชใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
45:32
Of course, there are many ways of describing bad quality.
606
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๅ“่ณชใฎๆ‚ชใ•ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
45:37
We can say that something is cheap.
607
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅฎ‰ใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
45:41
So we are not just talking about the price.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏๅ˜ใซไพกๆ ผใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
45:44
We are also talking about the quality of something.
609
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็งใŸใกใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๅ“่ณชใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ‚ˆใใงใใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
45:48
It is not very well made.
610
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ใ€‚
45:51
The quality is poor.
611
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ๅ“่ณชใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
45:54
It is cheap.
612
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2286
ๅฎ‰ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
45:56
Maybe you buy something and you are expecting it
613
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ
46:01
to be made of metal or something that will be made of strong material.
614
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้‡‘ๅฑž่ฃฝใ‹ใ€ไธˆๅคซใช็ด ๆใงไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
46:07
But when you buy it, it is only made of plastic.
615
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใ ใฎใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
46:13
It is cheap.
616
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1318
ๅฎ‰ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
46:14
It feels cheap.
617
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2519
ๅฎ‰ใๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
46:17
Something might be shoddy.
618
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒไธ‹ๅ“ใชใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
46:20
So here is an interesting word.
619
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ใใ“ใงใ€่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใ”็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
46:22
Yes, it is a real English word.
620
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌ็‰ฉใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
46:24
The word shoddy.
621
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็ฒ—ๆœซใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ€‚
46:26
If something is shoddy, it means it is poorly made.
622
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ็ฒ—ๆœซใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็ฒ—ๆœซใซไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
46:32
It is not very well made.
623
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‰ฏใไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
46:35
It is poorly made.
624
2795537
2218
ไฝœใ‚ŠใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
46:37
It is not well made.
625
2797755
3003
ไฝœใ‚ŠใŒ่‰ฏใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
46:41
It is
626
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46:43
shoddy.
627
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2285
็ฒ—ๆœซใ ใ€‚
46:45
Unreliable.
628
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1885
ไฟก้ ผๆ€งใŒไฝŽใ„ใ€‚
46:47
So we we aren't.
629
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935
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
46:48
We are now talking about the opposite of reliable, which is something you can trust.
630
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€reliable ใฎๅๅฏพใ€ ไฟก้ ผใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
46:55
So something that is unreliable is something you can't trust.
631
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5139
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไฟก้ ผใงใใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฟก้ ผใงใใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
47:00
I would not trust
632
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3003
็งใฏใใฎ่ฃ…็ฝฎใ‚’ไฟก็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“
47:03
that device.
633
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2119
ใ€‚
47:06
I don't think it will work.
634
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2186
ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‹ใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
47:08
It is very unreliable.
635
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2552
้žๅธธใซไฟก้ ผๆ€งใŒไฝŽใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
47:10
Something that works well is reliable.
636
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ใ†ใพใๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฟก้ ผใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
47:14
Something that does not work well, is unreliable.
637
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ใ†ใพใๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฟก้ ผๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
47:21
Of course, a person can also be described as unreliable.
638
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5239
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใใฎไบบใฏไฟก้ ผใงใใชใ„ใจ่กจ็พใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
47:26
It is possible to be unreliable as a person.
639
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ไบบใจใ—ใฆไฟก้ ผใงใใชใ„ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
47:31
Maybe a person who often disappoints you or let you down.
640
2851275
4621
ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅคฑๆœ›ใ•ใ›ใŸใ‚Šๅคฑๆœ›ใ•ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ไบบใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
47:36
We can describe them as unreliable.
641
2856614
2486
ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไฟก้ ผใงใใชใ„ใจ่กจ็พใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
47:41
Then we have poor workmanship.
642
2861619
3003
ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŸใกใฏๅ‡บๆฅใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
47:44
So workmanship is the quality or the way something was made.
643
2864922
4438
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไป•ไธŠใŒใ‚Šใจใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅ“่ณชใพใŸใฏๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใ‚Œ
47:49
The amount of time taken and how carefully it was made.
644
2869810
5372
ใ ใ‘ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ไธๅฏงใซไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ‹ใ€‚
47:55
Then we have poor workmanship, which is the opposite.
645
2875749
4588
ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ไป•ไธŠใŒใ‚ŠใŒๆ‚ชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใฎ้€†ใงใ™ใ€‚
48:01
So something was not made very well.
646
2881005
2669
ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ†ใพใใงใใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
48:03
It was made quickly.
647
2883674
2219
ใ™ใใซไฝœใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
48:05
It was made using cheap parts.
648
2885893
3003
ๅฎ‰ใ„้ƒจๅ“ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆไฝœใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
48:09
Not very good, not very well made.
649
2889313
3236
ใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‰ฏใใชใใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ‚ˆใไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
48:13
We can say poor workmanship.
650
2893033
3120
ๅ‡บๆฅใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใพใ‚Š
48:17
It's not very good quality.
651
2897321
1835
ๅ“่ณชใŒ่‰ฏใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
48:19
I'm afraid
652
2899156
1768
48:20
something might be described as worthless
653
2900924
3003
ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ็„กไพกๅ€คใ€
48:25
or no good.
654
2905028
2136
ใพใŸใฏๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใŸใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใจๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
48:27
You buy a thing, you take it home,
655
2907164
3537
็‰ฉใ‚’่ฒทใฃใฆๅฎถใซๆŒใกๅธฐใฃใฆ
48:31
you use it for a couple of days, and then suddenly it breaks.
656
2911034
4955
ๆ•ฐๆ—ฅไฝฟใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€็ช็„ถๅฃŠใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
48:37
It's worthless.
657
2917791
1518
ใใ‚Œใฏ็„กไพกๅ€คใงใ™ใ€‚
48:39
It's no good.
658
2919309
2069
ใ‚ˆใใชใ„ใ€‚
48:41
We sometimes say that something is not fit for the purpose.
659
2921378
5038
ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ็›ฎ็š„ใซใใใ‚ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
48:47
It is not very well made.
660
2927084
3003
ใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‰ฏใไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
48:50
It is poor quality.
661
2930504
1768
ๅ“่ณชใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
48:55
Cheap can also refer to the price of something.
662
2935392
4404
ใ€Œๅฎ‰ใ„ใ€ใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎไพกๆ ผใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
49:00
So it can refer to the cost of something
663
2940046
4588
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎไพกๆ ผใ‚„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใฎๅ“่ณชใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ™ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
49:05
or the quality of an item.
664
2945569
3270
ใ€‚
49:09
Something that was cheaply made.
665
2949039
2953
ๅฎ‰ใไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚
49:11
It was made of cheap material.
666
2951992
2986
ๅฎ‰ใ„็ด ๆใงไฝœใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
49:15
So instead of using high quality material, it was used.
667
2955228
4788
ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€้ซ˜ๅ“่ณชใฎ็ด ๆใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
49:21
It was made using plastic,
668
2961217
3037
ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€่€ไน…ๆ€งใฏ
49:24
something that does not last very long.
669
2964971
3087
ใ‚ใพใ‚Š้ซ˜ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
49:29
So we can say that thing has been cheaply made.
670
2969709
3520
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฎ‰ใไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
49:33
It is not good quality.
671
2973646
3003
ๅ“่ณชใฏ่‰ฏใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
49:36
In the past, items made in certain countries
672
2976816
4471
ไปฅๅ‰ใฏใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ›ฝใงไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅ•†ๅ“ใฏ
49:41
were seen as poor quality and unreliable liable.
673
2981805
4504
ๅ“่ณชใŒๆ‚ชใใ€ไฟก้ ผๆ€งใŒไฝŽใใ€่ฒฌไปปใ‚’่ฒ ใ‚ใชใ„ใจ่ฆ‹ใชใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
49:46
Now, I don't want anyone to be offended by this, so please don't be offended.
674
2986726
5639
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใ“ใจใง่ชฐใ‚‚ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅฎณใ—ใฆใปใ—ใใชใ„ใฎใง ใ€ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅฎณใ•ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
49:52
But growing up when I was little growing up in the 1970s,
675
2992699
4588
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€1970 ๅนดไปฃใซ็งใŒๅนผใ„้ ƒใซ่‚ฒใฃใŸ็งใŸใกใฏใ€
49:57
we would often assume anything made in China
676
2997920
4939
ใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏไธญๅ›ฝใ‹้ฆ™ๆธฏใ€้€šๅธธใฏ้ฆ™ๆธฏใงไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
50:03
or Hong Kong, normally Hong Kong.
677
3003226
3453
ใ€‚
50:07
So anything made in Hong Kong, we would
678
3007246
3454
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้ฆ™ๆธฏใงไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ™ในใฆใ€
50:11
in the past assume
679
3011050
3003
ไปฅๅ‰ใฏ
50:15
the quality of those items was poor.
680
3015138
3153
ๅ“่ณชใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
50:19
Not very good.
681
3019058
1568
ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ‚ˆใใชใ„ใ€‚
50:20
Badly made.
682
3020626
1652
ไฝœใ‚ŠใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใ€‚
50:22
Cheap.
683
3022278
1652
ๅฎ‰ใ„ใ€‚
50:23
So that was in the past.
684
3023930
1217
ใใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎใ“ใจใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
50:25
Of course, nowadays most of the things
685
3025147
3571
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็พๅœจ
50:28
we use come from China.
686
3028718
3003
็งใŸใกใŒไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฏไธญๅ›ฝใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
50:32
Big companies, expensive products.
687
3032204
3571
ๅคงไผๆฅญใ€้ซ˜ไพกใช่ฃฝๅ“ใ€‚
50:36
These days are often made in Asia.
688
3036158
3454
ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฏใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ข่ฃฝใŒๅคšใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
50:40
China?
689
3040096
1384
ไธญๅ›ฝ๏ผŸ
50:41
Japan.
690
3041480
718
ๆ—ฅๆœฌใ€‚
50:42
Of course, Japan are probably still the world leaders
691
3042198
4971
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€้›ปๅญๆฉŸๅ™จใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใๆ—ฅๆœฌใฏไพ็„ถใจใ—ใฆไธ–็•Œใฎใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใงใ™
50:47
when it comes to electronic devices.
692
3047169
3520
ใ€‚
50:51
So things that are electronic cars, motorbikes.
693
3051524
5805
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€้›ปๆฐ—่‡ชๅ‹•่ปŠใ‚„ใƒใ‚คใ‚ฏใงใ™ใ€‚
50:57
Quite often we think of Japan.
694
3057346
3003
็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ˆใๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
51:01
So it is interesting to reflect
695
3061033
3387
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’้ŽๅŽปใซๅๆ˜ ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™
51:05
that on the past.
696
3065921
1018
ใ€‚
51:06
You know, in the past we used to see things made in certain countries as being poor quality.
697
3066939
6390
ใ”ๅญ˜็ŸฅใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ไปฅๅ‰ใฏ ็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ›ฝใงไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใฏๅ“่ณชใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใจ่ฆ‹ใชใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ใใ†ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„
51:13
But not anymore.
698
3073696
2519
ใ€‚
51:16
Not anymore.
699
3076215
1168
ใ‚‚ใ†ใชใ„ใ€‚
51:17
Because most of the things we buy nowadays come from Asia either.
700
3077383
5221
ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅ็งใŸใกใŒ่ฒทใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฏใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
51:22
China, Hong Kong, Taiwan
701
3082604
3637
ไธญๅ›ฝใ€้ฆ™ๆธฏใ€ๅฐๆนพใ€
51:26
or Japan.
702
3086742
3003
ใพใŸใฏๆ—ฅๆœฌใ€‚
51:30
So it just goes to show how things can change, especially attitudes,
703
3090078
5339
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็‰ฉไบ‹ใ€็‰นใซๆ…‹ๅบฆใ€่ณชใฎๆ‚ชใ•ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™
51:37
bad quality.
704
3097069
867
51:37
We might talk about poor workmanship, which relates to the lack of skill
705
3097936
3988
ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹้š›ใฎ
ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚„ๆณจๆ„ๅŠ›ใฎๆฌ ๅฆ‚ใซ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ไป•ไธŠใŒใ‚Šใฎๆ‚ชใ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
51:41
and care that went into making something.
706
3101924
3003
ใ€‚
51:45
So again, as I mentioned earlier, when we say poor workmanship,
707
3105310
4838
็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅ…ˆใปใฉใ‚‚่ฟฐในใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅ‡บๆฅใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹้š›ใฎ
51:50
it is the lack of skill and care
708
3110616
4304
ๆŠ€่ก“ใ‚„ๆณจๆ„ๅŠ›ใŒไธ่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใพใ™
51:55
that went into making something.
709
3115454
3003
ใ€‚
51:58
It was rushed.
710
3118640
2986
ๆ€ฅใ„ใงใ„ใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใพใ‚Š
52:01
It's not very good quality.
711
3121877
3003
ๅ“่ณชใŒ่‰ฏใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
52:05
Something shoddy is poorly done or badly made.
712
3125597
4137
็ฒ—ๆœซใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€ๅ‡บๆฅใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏไฝœใ‚ŠใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
52:10
We can describe something that is not very well
713
3130302
3653
ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ‚ˆใใงใใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไธ‰ๆตใจ่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
52:13
made as third rate.
714
3133955
3003
ใ€‚
52:17
So again, this is an expression we often use in British English
715
3137709
4288
็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใง
52:22
when we talk about something that is very low quality or poor quality,
716
3142364
5221
้žๅธธใซไฝŽๅ“่ณชใพใŸใฏๅ“่ณชใฎไฝŽใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่กจ็พใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
52:28
we will often describe it as third rate.
717
3148003
3937
ใ‚ˆใใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธ‰ๆตใจ่กจ็พใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
52:34
It is an insult.
718
3154309
1852
ใใ‚Œใฏไพฎ่พฑใงใ™ใ€‚
52:36
Basically.
719
3156161
3003
ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€‚
52:40
Bad quality.
720
3160432
1184
ๅ“่ณชใฎๆ‚ชใ„ใ€‚
52:41
When we want to describe something as bad quality,
721
3161616
3003
ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅ“่ณชใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใจ่กจ็พใ—ใŸใ„ใจใใ€
52:44
we might use the word rubbish.
722
3164769
3003
ใ‚ดใƒŸใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
52:48
That thing is rubbish.
723
3168456
3003
ใใ‚“ใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ‚ดใƒŸใ ใ€‚
52:51
It's no good.
724
3171609
851
ใ‚ˆใใชใ„ใ€‚
52:53
It's junk.
725
3173978
2369
ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฏใ ใ€‚
52:56
What a piece of junk.
726
3176347
2369
ใชใ‚“ใฆใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฏใ ใ€‚
52:58
I bought this computer a year ago
727
3178716
3454
ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใ‚’ 1 ๅนดๅ‰ใซ่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
53:02
and already it stopped working.
728
3182687
3003
ใ™ใงใซๅ‹•ไฝœใ—ใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
53:06
What a piece of junk!
729
3186107
3003
ใชใ‚“ใฆใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฏใ ๏ผ
53:09
Something might be described as useless, a useless thing.
730
3189761
4738
ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใŸใชใ„ใ€ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใŸใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่กจ็พใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
53:15
You paid for this thing and now it doesn't work.
731
3195066
3904
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚ŒใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใŸใฎใซใ€ไปŠใฏๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
53:19
It is completely useless.
732
3199270
3003
ใใ‚ŒใฏใพใฃใŸใๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใŸใชใ„ใ€‚
53:23
And the word at the end.
733
3203658
3086
ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซไธ€่จ€ใ€‚
53:27
This is a word we often use in British English.
734
3207078
3003
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
53:30
That's something is tacked.
735
3210431
4288
ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใใฃใคใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
53:35
It is cheap.
736
3215436
3003
ๅฎ‰ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
53:38
Probably made of plastic.
737
3218856
2653
ใŠใใ‚‰ใใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏ่ฃฝใ ใจๆ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
53:41
Not good quality.
738
3221509
1618
ๅ“่ณชใŒ่‰ฏใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
53:43
We can say that it is debt.
739
3223127
3153
ใใ‚Œใฏๅ€Ÿ้‡‘ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
53:47
It is worthless.
740
3227031
2302
ใใ‚Œใฏ็„กไพกๅ€คใงใ™ใ€‚
53:49
It is
741
3229333
1719
53:51
junk.
742
3231052
2986
ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฏๅ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
53:54
But quality can also be expressed as substandard.
743
3234789
4871
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ“่ณชใฏๆจ™ๆบ–ไปฅไธ‹ใจ่กจ็พใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
54:00
A substandard thing is something that comes below what is expected.
744
3240161
5405
ๆจ™ๆบ–ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจใฏใ€ๆœŸๅพ…ใ‚’ไธ‹ๅ›žใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
54:06
So you expect something to be good or high quality.
745
3246066
4054
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใ‹้ซ˜ๅ“่ณชใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
54:10
But it isn't.
746
3250721
2886
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
54:13
We can say that it is substandard.
747
3253607
3570
ใใ‚Œใฏๆจ™ๆบ–ไปฅไธ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
54:18
It is below the standard that you were expecting.
748
3258012
4621
ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸๅŸบๆบ–ใ‚’ไธ‹ๅ›žใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
54:25
Good quality.
749
3265969
1469
่‰ฏๅ“่ณชใ€‚
54:27
Something positive now.
750
3267438
2185
ไปŠใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
54:29
Something that is well-made.
751
3269623
3003
ใ‚ˆใใงใใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚
54:32
Something that is excellent.
752
3272926
2853
ไฝ•ใ‹ๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚
54:35
An excellent thing is something that is well-made.
753
3275779
4171
ๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใจใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใใงใใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
54:40
It is good quality.
754
3280367
1885
ๅ“่ณชใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
54:42
You would describe it as excellent.
755
3282252
3003
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใจ่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
54:47
Something might be described as perfect.
756
3287174
2586
ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅฎŒ็’งใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่กจ็พใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
54:49
It is perfect.
757
3289760
2385
ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŒ็’งใงใ™ใ€‚
54:52
The thing that I bought works very well.
758
3292145
3270
็งใŒ่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใฏ้žๅธธใซใ†ใพใๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
54:55
It is perfect.
759
3295449
3003
ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŒ็’งใงใ™ใ€‚
54:58
The quality is good.
760
3298752
2636
ๅ“่ณชใฏ่‰ฏๅฅฝใงใ™ใ€‚
55:01
We can say that something is up to standard.
761
3301388
3003
ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๆจ™ๆบ–ใซ้”ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
55:05
It is up to standard.
762
3305058
2553
ๅŸบๆบ–ใซ้”ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
55:07
It is what you expected.
763
3307611
2719
ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸ้€šใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
55:10
I bought something and I expect it to be good.
764
3310330
4655
ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ใจๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
55:16
And it is.
765
3316269
935
ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
55:17
It is up to standard.
766
3317204
3003
ๅŸบๆบ–ใซ้”ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
55:21
We can also say that something has a high standard.
767
3321224
3003
ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ๆฐดๆบ–ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
55:24
High standard, good quality.
768
3324828
3003
้ซ˜ๆฐดๆบ–ใ€้ซ˜ๅ“่ณชใ€‚
55:29
It is a thing that is well-made
769
3329449
3387
ใ‚ˆใใงใใฆ
55:33
or well done.
770
3333470
2986
ใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ‹ใ‚ˆใใงใใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
55:37
A thing that costs a lot of money and is of a high
771
3337157
4404
ใŠ้‡‘ใŒ้ซ˜ใใฆๅ“่ณชใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใฏ
55:41
standard, can be described as luxury.
772
3341561
3720
่ด…ๆฒขใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
55:45
We mentioned this word earlier.
773
3345815
2102
ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๅ…ˆใปใฉ่งฆใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
55:47
Of course, there are many situations where you can use the word luxury.
774
3347917
4004
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€่ด…ๆฒขใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ๅ ด้ขใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
55:52
We can have luxury car cars, luxury hotels.
775
3352655
5956
้ซ˜็ดš่ปŠใ‚„้ซ˜็ดšใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใ‚‚ๆŒใฆใพใ™ใ€‚
55:59
You might go on a luxury holiday if you are very lucky.
776
3359195
5022
้‹ใŒ่‰ฏใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ่ด…ๆฒขใชไผ‘ๆ—ฅใ‚’้Žใ”ใ›ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
56:06
So there are many ways of describing high quality
777
3366135
4471
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้ซ˜ๅ“่ณช
56:11
or things that are very high quality.
778
3371207
3387
ใพใŸใฏ้žๅธธใซ้ซ˜ๅ“่ณชใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
56:16
Here are some phrases now
779
3376429
2703
56:19
you get what you pay for.
780
3379132
2986
ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใฃใŸ้‡‘้กใซ่ฆ‹ๅˆใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹ใ”็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
56:22
I think this is a phrase many people use,
781
3382969
3320
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็‰นใซไฝ•ใ‹ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ใจใใซๅคšใใฎไบบใŒไฝฟใ†ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
56:26
especially when they pay some money for a thing.
782
3386839
3420
ใ€‚
56:30
And then the thing does not work, or it
783
3390710
2686
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎ็‰ฉไบ‹ใŒใ†ใพใใ„ใ‹ใชใ„ใ€
56:33
or they are not satisfied with it.
784
3393396
2803
ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใใ‚Œใซๆบ€่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
56:36
You get what you pay for.
785
3396199
3002
ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใฏๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
56:39
A cheap version of something will likely be poor quality.
786
3399435
5873
ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๅป‰ไพก็‰ˆใฏๅ“่ณชใŒไฝŽใ„ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
56:45
And this is something that does happen nowadays.
787
3405708
2719
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏไปŠๆ—ฅใงใ‚‚ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
56:48
Many things that are expensive can also be made cheaply.
788
3408427
5673
้ซ˜ไพกใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ๅฎ‰ใไฝœใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
56:54
Maybe they are fake.
789
3414617
2719
ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ๅฝ็‰ฉใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
56:57
They are not the real thing.
790
3417336
2286
ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆœฌ็‰ฉใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
56:59
So sometimes it is possible to buy something cheap,
791
3419622
3270
ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏๅฎ‰ไพกใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
57:03
but it is not genuine.
792
3423342
3086
ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌ็‰ฉใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
57:06
It is not the real thing.
793
3426796
3002
ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌ็‰ฉใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
57:15
You might have to spend more to get more.
794
3435437
3654
ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎ่ฒป็”จใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
57:19
This is an expression we sometimes use if we spend more.
795
3439875
5122
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎๅ‡บ่ฒปใ‚’ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใซๆ™‚ใ€…ไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚
57:25
Quite often you will get more.
796
3445280
2987
ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅคšใใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
57:28
In this case.
797
3448267
1451
ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€‚
57:29
We are talking about quality.
798
3449718
2219
็งใŸใกใฏๅ“่ณชใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
57:31
So the more you spend on something, the more expensive something is.
799
3451937
4788
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซ่ฒปใ‚„ใ™ใปใฉใ€ใใฎ็‰ฉใฎไพกๆ ผใฏ้ซ˜ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
57:37
Quite often the quality will be higher
800
3457009
4471
ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ“่ณชใฏๅ‘ไธŠใ—ใพใ™
57:42
or better.
801
3462531
2986
ใ€‚
57:46
We have the opposite.
802
3466869
1301
็งใŸใกใฏใใฎ้€†ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€
57:48
Maybe a place where you can go to buy things that are very cheap.
803
3468170
3987
ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฎ‰ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
57:52
We do have a lot of shops here in the UK
804
3472457
3003
ใ“ใ“ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใซใฏใ€
57:55
where things are sold cheaply.
805
3475694
3003
็‰ฉใ‚’ๅฎ‰ใ่ฒฉๅฃฒใ™ใ‚‹ๅบ—ใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
57:59
There used to be a big chain of shops
806
3479231
3153
58:02
many years ago called the ยฃ1 Shop.
807
3482384
4087
ไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚ๅ‰ใซใ€ยฃ1 Shop ใจใ„ใ†ๅคงใใชใƒใ‚งใƒผใƒณๅบ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใฎ
58:08
Can you guess why?
808
3488407
2018
็†็”ฑใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
58:10
It's because everything in there
809
3490425
2670
ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ™ในใฆ
58:13
costs ยฃ1.
810
3493095
2302
1ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
58:15
So you would go into the shop and everything in the shop was just ยฃ1.
811
3495397
5255
ใใ‚ŒใงใŠๅบ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅบ—ๅ†…ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ™ในใฆใŸใฃใŸใฎ1ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
58:21
However,
812
3501219
3003
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใพใ ๆฎ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
58:25
there are shops
813
3505190
1918
ใŠๅบ—ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š
58:27
that are still there
814
3507108
3003
58:30
and they still sell cheap things.
815
3510378
3003
ใ€ๅฎ‰ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅฃฒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
58:33
But now most of them don't sell anything for a pound
816
3513398
5072
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไปŠใงใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅบ—ใงใฏ1ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ไปฅไธŠใงใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ๅฃฒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ
58:39
over ยฃ1, but not ยฃ1.
817
3519521
3987
ใ€1ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚
58:44
So I suppose that's another example of how the the price of things have gone up.
818
3524292
4588
็‰ฉใฎๅ€คๆฎตใŒไธŠใŒใฃใŸไพ‹ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
58:48
Even if you are buying something very cheap,
819
3528913
2369
้žๅธธใซๅฎ‰ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใ€
58:53
we might talk about a bargain basement.
820
3533051
3003
ใƒใƒผใ‚ฒใƒณใฎๅœฐไธ‹ๅฎคใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
58:56
Bargain basement refers to a shop selling cheap things
821
3536287
4955
ๅฎ‰ๅฃฒใ‚Šๅœฐไธ‹ๅฎคใจใฏใ€ๅฎ‰ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎ
59:01
and sometimes poor quality items as well.
822
3541576
4521
ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ๆ™‚ใซใฏ็ฒ—ๆ‚ชใชๅ•†ๅ“ใ‚‚่ฒฉๅฃฒใ™ใ‚‹ๅบ—ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
59:06
Bargain basement.
823
3546731
2436
ใŠ่ฒทใ„ๅพ—ใชๅœฐไธ‹ๅฎคใ€‚
59:09
There are lots of cheap things are sold.
824
3549167
3019
ๅฎ‰ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ๅฃฒใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
59:15
Now we have.
825
3555039
751
59:15
Well, oh, here's another phrase.
826
3555790
1835
ไปŠใงใฏใใ†ใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
59:17
Can I just do this phrase as well before I finish?
827
3557625
3003
็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ“ใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚‚ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
59:21
You might have a cheap imitation.
828
3561829
3954
ๅฎ‰ไพกใชๆจก้€ ๅ“ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
59:26
So if something has been made to look like an expensive thing,
829
3566567
4939
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ้ซ˜ไพกใชใ‚‚ใฎใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
59:31
we can describe it as a cheap imitation or
830
3571506
4454
ใใ‚Œใฏๅฎ‰ไพกใชๆจก้€ ๅ“ใพใŸใฏใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผๅ“ใจ่กจ็พใงใใพใ™
59:37
a knockoff.
831
3577128
1702
ใ€‚
59:38
When we say that something is a knockoff,
832
3578830
2335
็งใŸใกใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผๅ“ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€
59:41
it means it is a cheap copy,
833
3581165
4505
ใใ‚Œใฏๅฎ‰ไพกใชใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผใ€ใคใพใ‚Š
59:46
a badly made copy of something expensive.
834
3586571
3987
้ซ˜ไพกใชใ‚‚ใฎใฎ็ฒ—ๆ‚ชใซไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
59:52
For example.
835
3592009
2987
ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€‚
59:59
Can you say what is wrong with this particular thing?
836
3599500
3370
ใ“ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ“ใจใฎไฝ•ใŒๅ•้กŒใชใฎใ‹่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
60:04
At first glance, it looks like a PlayStation.
837
3604839
3270
ไธ€่ฆ‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
60:09
However, it is not.
838
3609343
1769
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
60:11
It is a cheap version.
839
3611112
2218
ๅป‰ไพก็‰ˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใฏใชใ
60:14
It is called the police Station,
840
3614298
3003
่ญฆๅฏŸ็ฝฒใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™
60:18
not PlayStation.
841
3618619
2552
ใ€‚
60:21
So if you bought this in a shop, maybe you would think,
842
3621171
3237
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใŠๅบ—ใง่ฒทใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€
60:24
oh well, I think that might be a PlayStation.
843
3624858
3320
ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
60:28
I will buy it and take it home, but when you get home you find it doesn't work.
844
3628729
4288
่ฒทใฃใฆๅธฐใ‚‹ ใ‘ใฉใ€ๅฎถใซๅธฐใฃใŸใ‚‰ๅ‹•ใ‹ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใ€‚
60:33
And the person selling it has has run away.
845
3633400
3003
ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฃฒใฃใŸไบบใฏ้€ƒ่ตฐใ—ใŸใ€‚
60:36
They vanished.
846
3636620
1819
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅงฟใ‚’ๆถˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
60:38
So it is a good example of something that is cheap.
847
3638439
3603
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฎ‰ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใฎ่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
60:42
It is a cheap version of an expensive thing.
848
3642576
4238
้ซ˜ไพกใชใ‚‚ใฎใฎๅป‰ไพก็‰ˆใงใ™ใ€‚
60:47
Of course, when we think about
849
3647598
2903
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๅฝ็‰ฉใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใ
60:50
things that are fake, we often think of watches as well.
850
3650501
3670
ใ€็งใŸใกใฏๆ™‚่จˆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใๆ€ใ„ๆตฎใ‹ในใพใ™ใ€‚
60:54
Fake watches or cheap watches.
851
3654371
3520
ๅฝ็‰ฉใฎๆ™‚่จˆใ‚„ๅฎ‰็‰ฉใฎๆ™‚่จˆใ€‚
60:58
So here you can see here there is a picture
852
3658158
3003
ใ“ใ“ใซใ€
61:01
of a very expensive Rolex watch.
853
3661395
3153
้žๅธธใซ้ซ˜ไพกใชใƒญใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใฎๆ™‚่จˆใฎๅ†™็œŸใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
61:05
The only problem is that is not real.
854
3665565
3754
ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎๅ•้กŒใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็พๅฎŸใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
61:09
It is not a real Rolex.
855
3669619
2186
ๆœฌ็‰ฉใฎใƒญใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
61:11
It is a fake Rolex.
856
3671805
2069
ๅฝ็‰ฉใฎใƒญใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
61:13
So it is possible to buy expensive things.
857
3673874
3303
ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€้ซ˜ไพกใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€‚
61:17
They look expensive.
858
3677527
2586
้ซ˜ไพกใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
61:20
They look genuine, but they are not.
859
3680113
3153
ๆœฌ็‰ฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆœฌ็‰ฉใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
61:23
They are cheap imitations.
860
3683834
3153
ๅฎ‰็‰ฉใฎๆจก้€ ๅ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
61:28
This is a knockoff.
861
3688088
3003
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆจก้€ ๅ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
61:31
It is something that looks like it
862
3691575
2519
ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™
61:34
but is not real.
863
3694094
3003
ใŒใ€ๆœฌ็‰ฉใงใฏใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
61:38
So I suppose there are many ways of looking at good and bad.
864
3698415
3920
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚ใ„ใ‚ใช่ฆ‹ๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
61:42
How do you tell if something is good or bad?
865
3702736
4020
ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใ‹ๆ‚ชใ„ใ‹ใ‚’ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆๅˆคๆ–ญใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
61:47
Well, of course, in life we often say that
866
3707207
3653
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ไบบ็”ŸใซใŠใ„ใฆใฏใ€
61:50
you get what you pay for.
867
3710860
3003
ๆ‰•ใฃใŸๅฏพไพกใซ่ฆ‹ๅˆใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจใ‚ˆใ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
61:54
If you pay a lot of money for something, you normally get good quality.
868
3714197
4438
ไฝ•ใ‹ใซ้ซ˜ใ„ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใˆใฐใ€้€šๅธธใฏ่‰ฏใ„ๅ“่ณชใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
61:58
If you pay less for something, quite often
869
3718985
3487
ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†้‡‘้กใŒไฝŽใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
62:02
the quality might not be as good.
870
3722472
4504
ๅ“่ณชใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉ่‰ฏใใชใ„ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
62:09
Of course, we like to show how good things are by rating them as well.
871
3729679
4771
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€่ฉ•ไพกใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใŒใ„ใ‹ใซๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
62:14
You can see here.
872
3734684
1318
ใ“ใ“ใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
62:16
Here is a very good example of rating a thing.
873
3736002
3787
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’่ฉ•ไพกใ™ใ‚‹้žๅธธใซ่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
62:20
You might have low rating, medium rating.
874
3740206
5072
ไฝŽ่ฉ•ไพกใ€ไธญ่ฉ•ไพกใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
62:25
And over the far side we have
875
3745812
3003
ใใ—ใฆใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ‚ตใ‚คใƒ‰ใงใ‚‚้ซ˜ใ„่ฉ•ไพกใ‚’ๅพ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
62:30
high rating as well.
876
3750400
2769
ใ€‚
62:33
So that is one way of showing how good something is.
877
3753169
3921
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใฉใ‚Œใปใฉๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ™1ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
62:37
If you are looking for something on the internet,
878
3757490
2986
ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
62:40
we often like to see some sort of school or some sort of rating.
879
3760576
5639
็งใŸใกใฏๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๅญฆๆ กใ‚„ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎ่ฉ•ไพกใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
62:47
Quite often we will use
880
3767450
1952
62:49
stars as a way of rating something.
881
3769402
3687
ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฉ•ไพกใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใจใ—ใฆๆ˜Ÿใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
62:53
So you give a star rating.
882
3773472
3003
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ˜Ÿ่ฉ•ไพกใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
62:57
One star normally is poor.
883
3777043
3603
้€šๅธธใ€ๆ˜Ÿ 1 ใคใฏๆ‚ชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
63:02
Five stars is excellent.
884
3782782
3169
ไบ”ใคๆ˜Ÿใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
63:06
And then, of course, you have everything in between.
885
3786852
3187
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใใฎ้–“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ™ในใฆๆƒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
63:10
So if you are buying something from the internet,
886
3790489
2686
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
63:13
maybe you are going onto a shopping site and you will look at all of the products.
887
3793175
6390
ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆ ใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ•†ๅ“ใ‚’้–ฒ่ฆงใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
63:19
Quite often there will be some sort of rating,
888
3799582
4104
ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
63:24
normally in the form of stars.
889
3804937
3420
้€šๅธธใฏๆ˜Ÿใฎๅฝขใงไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎ่ฉ•ไพกใŒไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
63:28
One star from pull
890
3808941
2986
ๆ˜Ÿ 1 ใคใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœ€ๅคง
63:32
up to five stars.
891
3812661
2369
5 ใคๆ˜Ÿใพใงใ€‚
63:35
Excellent.
892
3815030
1785
็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
63:36
Of course, you might also think of hotels as well.
893
3816815
2803
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
63:39
Quite often hotels will have some sort of rating system
894
3819618
5522
ๅคšใใฎใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใงใฏใ€ๆ˜Ÿใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎ่ฉ•ไพกใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใ‚’ๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
63:45
using stars.
895
3825941
2553
ใ€‚
63:48
Have you ever stayed at a five star hotel?
896
3828494
3787
ไบ”ใคๆ˜Ÿใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใซๆณŠใพใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
63:53
I haven't.
897
3833949
1001
็งใฏใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
63:54
I've never stayed at a five star hotel.
898
3834950
2936
็งใฏไบ”ใคๆ˜Ÿใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใซๆณŠใพใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
63:57
I've stayed at lots and lots of three star hotels
899
3837886
3053
็งใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ 3 ใคๆ˜Ÿใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซ
64:01
and sometimes four star hotels.
900
3841874
4104
ใ€ๆ™‚ใซใฏ 4 ใคๆ˜Ÿใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใซๅฎฟๆณŠใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
64:06
But I've never stayed at a five star hotel.
901
3846345
3753
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏ5ใคๆ˜Ÿใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใซๆณŠใพใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆฑบใ—ใฆใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚
64:11
I might never. To be honest,
902
3851016
1902
ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚ ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€
64:14
who knows?
903
3854236
2819
่ชฐใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
64:17
That is almost it for me.
904
3857055
3687
็งใซใจใฃใฆใฏใปใผใใ‚Œใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
64:21
For today.
905
3861109
2486
ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€‚
64:23
Partridge.
906
3863595
834
ใƒคใƒžใ‚ฆใ‚บใƒฉใ€‚
64:24
Hello, Partridge.
907
3864429
1602
ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใƒคใƒžใ‚ฆใ‚บใƒฉใ€‚
64:26
Partridge. Eves.
908
3866031
2986
ใƒคใƒžใ‚ฆใ‚บใƒฉใ€‚ ใ‚คใƒดใ€‚
64:29
I have not seen you for a very long time.
909
3869050
3287
้•ทใ„้–“ไผšใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ„ใ‹ใŒใŠ้Žใ”ใ—
64:32
What have you been doing?
910
3872354
1952
ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
64:34
Have you been busy
911
3874306
1801
64:36
as life?
912
3876107
1919
ไบบ็”Ÿใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฟ™ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
64:38
Been demanding?
913
3878026
3003
่ฆๆฑ‚ใŒๅŽณใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
64:41
I think so.
914
3881029
1652
ใใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
64:42
Let's face it.
915
3882681
2302
ใใ‚Œใซ็›ด้ขใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚
64:44
It often is.
916
3884983
1201
ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
64:46
It often is.
917
3886184
1585
ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
64:47
So welcome back, Partridge.
918
3887769
1385
ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใŠใ‹ใˆใ‚Šใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใƒคใƒžใ‚ฆใ‚บใƒฉใ€‚
64:49
It's nice to see you here today.
919
3889154
2152
ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ“ใ“ใงใŠไผšใ„ใงใใฆใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
64:51
Thank you very much for joining us.
920
3891306
3003
ใ”ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ„ใŸใ ใ่ช ใซใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
64:55
The world is directing people
921
3895026
3487
ไธ–็•ŒใฏๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซใƒ‡ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ไบบใ€…ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฐŽใ—ใŸใ‚Š
64:59
or directing the trade towards
922
3899030
3120
ใ€ๅ–ๅผ•ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฐŽใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
65:02
changing devices regularly.
923
3902467
4321
ใ€‚
65:07
When something becomes obsolete.
924
3907639
4621
ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๆ™‚ไปฃ้…ใ‚ŒใซใชใฃใŸใจใใ€‚
65:12
Normally it happens or it used to happen over a very long period of time.
925
3912427
4838
้€šๅธธใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ้žๅธธใซ้•ทใ„ๆœŸ้–“ใซใ‚ใŸใฃใฆ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ไปฅๅ‰ใฏ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
65:17
So maybe you could buy something, maybe a phone or a certain device,
926
3917565
4922
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚„็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒ‡ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐ้›ปๅญๆฉŸๅ™จใชใฉใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
65:22
something electronic for example.
927
3922820
3320
ใ€‚
65:27
And normally you could use it for many,
928
3927292
2152
ใใ—ใฆ้€šๅธธใฏใ€
65:29
many years without having to replace it.
929
3929444
3036
ไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚ไบคๆ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใชใไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
65:32
These days it would appear that you have to replace things
930
3932947
3403
ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใงใฏใ€
65:36
more often, sometimes 1 or 2 years
931
3936350
4071
65:41
after buying it new.
932
3941405
2703
ๆ–ฐๅ“ใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ 1 ๅนดใพใŸใฏ 2 ๅนดใงไบคๆ›ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅข—ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
65:44
So yes, I agree with you.
933
3944108
1952
ใฏใ„ใ€็งใ‚‚ใ‚ใชใŸใซๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใฎใŒๆ™‚ไปฃ้…ใ‚Œใซใชใ‚‹
65:46
It is quite possible and it does happen
934
3946060
3003
ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏๅๅˆ†ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ—ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™
65:49
that things become obsolete.
935
3949931
3003
ใ€‚
65:52
And it has been designed to work that way.
936
3952934
4104
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จญ่จˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
65:57
So you buy something, you spend a lot of money on it.
937
3957588
3003
ใใ‚Œใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใจใ€ใใ‚Œใซๅคš้กใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
66:00
But two years later that thing will stop working.
938
3960791
3420
ใ—ใ‹ใ—2ๅนดๅพŒใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
66:04
It will become obsolete.
939
3964962
1919
ใใ‚Œใฏๆ™‚ไปฃ้…ใ‚Œใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
66:06
And then you have to buy a new one.
940
3966881
2969
ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
66:09
I think that is one of the big problems with mobile phones.
941
3969850
3220
ใใ‚ŒใŒๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใฎๅคงใใชๅ•้กŒใฎไธ€ใคใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
66:13
Cell phones?
942
3973304
2219
ๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑ๏ผŸ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚„ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟ ใƒ‡ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’้ ป็นใซ่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹
66:15
A lot of people do complain that they are forced
943
3975523
3937
ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๅคšใใฎไบบใŒไธๆบ€ใ‚’ๆŠฑใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™
66:19
into buying new phones or new computer devices
944
3979693
5906
66:26
too often.
945
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1735
ใ€‚
66:28
I think so.
946
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2619
ใใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
66:31
Thank you very much for your company today.
947
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3420
ๆœฌๆ—ฅใฏ่ช ใซใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
66:34
I hope this lesson has been five stars.
948
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4638
ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒ 5 ใคๆ˜Ÿใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
66:39
Don't forget to give me a lovely thumb
949
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2770
66:42
if you like this, and I will be back with you on Sunday.
950
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3687
ใ‚‚ใ—ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใšใซ่ฆชๆŒ‡ใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใพใŸใ”้€ฃ็ตกใ„ใŸใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
66:46
We have episode 300.
951
4006337
2719
ใ‚จใƒ”ใ‚ฝใƒผใƒ‰ 300 ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚Sunday
66:52
300 episodes of our Sunday English Addict.
952
4012359
5038
English Addict ใฎใ‚จใƒ”ใ‚ฝใƒผใƒ‰ใฏ 300 ใงใ™ใ€‚
66:57
So next Sunday it will be episode 300.
953
4017831
4038
ๆฅ้€ฑใฎๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅใฏใ‚จใƒ”ใ‚ฝใƒผใƒ‰ 300 ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
67:02
And I will be here.
954
4022469
1418
ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
67:03
Mr. Steve will be here as well.
955
4023887
2703
ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ใ•ใ‚“ใ‚‚ใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚
67:06
Also look out for some new English lessons as well.
956
4026590
4855
ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซใ‚‚ๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
67:11
I I've been so busy recently.
957
4031478
4371
ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
67:18
Very busy in fact.
958
4038051
1936
ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸ
67:19
See you soon.
959
4039987
1351
่ฟ‘ใ„ใ†ใกใซใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
67:21
I hope you've enjoyed today and I hope you
960
4041338
4171
ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
67:26
will join me again very soon.
961
4046827
2702
่ฟ‘ใ„ใ†ใกใซใพใŸใŠไผšใ„ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
67:29
This is Mr.
962
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718
67:30
Duncan in the birthplace of English, saying thank you for watching.
963
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3987
ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€่‹ฑ่ชž็™บ็ฅฅใฎๅœฐใฎใƒ€ใƒณใ‚ซใƒณใ•ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใง
67:34
I hope you've enjoyed this.
964
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1785
ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ใใ†ใง
67:36
If you haven't,
965
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2285
ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
67:38
I'm ever so sorry.
966
4058321
1802
ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
67:40
I will.
967
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534
67:40
I will try better next time, I promise.
968
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3003
็งใฏใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
ๆฌกๅ›žใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจ้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใฟใพใ™ใ€็ด„ๆŸใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
67:44
Is that.
969
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468
67:44
Is that a deal?
970
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1801
ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
ใใ‚Œใฏๅฅ‘็ด„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
67:46
Okay.
971
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1385
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใพใŸ
67:47
See you soon. Take care.
972
4067714
2002
่ฟ‘ใ„ใ†ใกใซใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€‚
67:49
You can watch this again later with captions.
973
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3003
ๅพŒใงๅญ—ๅน•ไป˜ใใงใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
67:53
We will see how long it takes.
974
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1651
ใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
67:54
YouTube to process the video.
975
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2986
YouTube ใงใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ‡ฆ็†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
67:58
So it might be tomorrow.
976
4078458
1318
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
68:01
Then the captions will be available.
977
4081361
3003
ใใฎๅพŒใ€ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒๅˆฉ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸ
68:04
See you soon. And of course, until the next time we meet.
978
4084597
2653
่ฟ‘ใ„ใ†ใกใซใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๆฌกใซไผšใ†ๆ™‚ใพใงใ€‚
68:07
You know what's coming next.
979
4087250
1318
ๆฌกใซไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
68:08
I know what's coming next.
980
4088568
3003
ๆฌกใซไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
68:11
Take care.
981
4091888
1051
ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€‚
68:12
Keep that smile upon your face as you walk amongst the human race.
982
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4171
ไบบ้กžใฎ้–“ใ‚’ๆญฉใใจใใฏใ€ใใฎ็ฌ‘้ก”ใ‚’้ก”ใซๆตฎใ‹ในใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
68:17
And of course...
983
4097744
3003
ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“...
68:24
ta ta for now.
984
4104367
484
ไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ‚ฟใ‚ฟใ€‚
68:26
See you on Sunday.
985
4106436
3019
ๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅใซไผšใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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