English - Late and Live - 25th April 2018 - Chat - Live Messages - Improve your Listening

Wow it's such a windy night here in the UK the wind is blowing very strongly

talking of wind there is an expression in the English language to get wind of

something you get wind of something if you get wind of something it means you

hear about something you receive some information in your ear

perhaps you overhear a conversation taking place or maybe someone whispers

the information into your ear directly are you receiving some information now

is there something that you are getting wind of at this very moment I hope so

because it's just after 10 o'clock here in the UK it's a Wednesday night and

this is English late and live

yeah

thank you thank you thank you oh thank you very much for that oh how kind of

you that is very kind indeed hi everybody this is mr. Duncan in England

how are you today are you okay I hope so are you happy

well are you happy I really hope so yes we've all made it to the middle of the

week it is Wednesday night here in the UK I don't know what time it is where

you are because I'm not there I am right here in England and my name is mr.

Duncan and guess what I do I teach English on YouTube and I have been doing

that for over 11 years it's true I am virtually the first person to start

teaching English on YouTube I'm not joking and not lying honestly

would I lie to you by the way talking of YouTube can I just say a big happy

birthday to YouTube yes YouTube is celebrating its birthday

this week so a big happy birthday happy birthday to YouTube 13 years yes this

week the anniversary of YouTube itself 13 years ago can anyone tell me what the

first ever YouTube video was the first ever video uploaded to YouTube does

anyone know what it is can someone tell me what it is because it is YouTube's

13th birthday and I've been on YouTube for nearly 12 years so almost for the

whole of YouTube's existence I have been on YouTube

teaching English it's true I'm not joking why

why would I joke about that it's a very windy evening very windy as we mentioned

earlier we have a lot of wind at the moment a very breezy night and there you

can see one of the trees near my house blowing in the wind

oh yes the answer my friend is blowin in the wind the answer is blowin in the

wind yes it is so I hope you are okay I've had a busy

week doing all sorts of things I am still renovating the kitchen I have got

to carry on doing that tomorrow we have a special guest coming to stay here in

around about three weeks time so I'm getting the kitchen renovated because

it's been five years without any work being done in the kitchen so I'm doing

that at the moment and I will continue doing it tomorrow so I will be very busy

for the rest of this week and don't forget also I will be back with you on

Sunday as well you may have noticed that I am a man now I know that not many men

are teaching English anymore on YouTube I am probably one of the few left but

there are lots of sexy ladies yes it would appear that there are lots and

lots of sexy ladies who are teaching English and it would appear that

everyone wants to watch them now they don't want to watch me it's a little

unfair don't you think so the live chat is up and running now I was a little bit

distracted tonight I'm going to be honest with you I was slightly

distracted tonight because I realized that my favorite TV presenter was on

television tonight so I did spend about half an hour

watching my favorite TV channel which is a shopping channel I'm not joking what

you can see down there there is my favorite TV channel and it

is a shopping channel and the presenter you can see now is my favorite presenter

on that particular channel he is very very crazy and some might say he's a

little bit like me because some people accuse me of the same thing can you

believe it so there he is I was watching him

tonight and I got very very distracted so coming up tonight we have lots of

things for you we have uses of the word fine if you can think of any yourself

you are more than welcome to join in uses of the word fine and there are

quite a few in the English language and we have a mystery object as well tonight

now I think I will introduce the mystery object after Steve arrives so mr. Steve

will be here in around about 20 minutes yes he is out as usual on a Wednesday

evening he is rehearsing for a show that he is appearing in so mr. Steve will be

here a little bit later on and we do have we have a mystery object I'm not

joking so much coming tonight on this live

stream yes it's live English live right across YouTube and you are more than

welcome to join in

it is Wednesday night and after 10 o'clock of course I am here with you

live every Wednesday at 10:00 p.m. UK time and also every Sunday live for two

hours every Sunday from 2 p.m. UK time so lots of things to look at during the

week let's have a look at the live chat shall we because the live chat is on oh

yes someone recognized my singing yes I was

singing a song thank you very much for recognizing it that is that is very kind

of you lots of people on live chat let's have a look at some of the people Oh

Belarusian Belarus EU was here first well done to you hi everyone Alamgir is

here as well patricia daniela ana also Tomic is here

hi there i decided to drop by but only to say hello because i'm about to hit

the sack so it sounds to me as if Tomic is about

to go to sleep Anna is here I am happy to be here with

you all thank you Anna Berlin for you and also Belarus yeah

again watching in Argentina Alamgir what time is it now there well where where I

am now it's about quarter past 10:00 at night

Nicole is here as well hello Nicole thank you for joining me on this

Wednesday evening canal is here oh it's very good that we can hear you you are

more than welcome yes I am streaming live right now Anna recognized the song

that I was singing Bob Dylan's classic song blowin in the wind the answer my

friend is blowin in the wind so lots of people on the live chat Pedro

is here oh it's nice to see you here as well

alik OB oh yes well done Alec Alec says the first ever video on YouTube was

called me at the zoo you are right that is in fact the first-ever video uploaded

to YouTube you are spot-on well done well done for that

so yes the the very first video because YouTube is celebrating its 13th birthday

this week hello from Russia it's nice to see you today Thank You Alice you are

more than welcome also you've an crystal and Aurora is

here as well what is the temperature there the temperature here in the UK

where it's quite cold at the moment it's cooled down we had a lovely week last

week with the weather but sadly this week it's gone very cool also we have

Bernardo hello Bernardo nice to see you here lots of people on the live chat

it's great to see you all here and it's nice to see so many people getting

involved hello from spading oh thank you Bernardo I was wondering where you were

watching so now I know you are watching in Spain hello sir how are you

Alba da oh by Dilla Malad is here as well

Wilson Cheng apparently Wilson is watching in England

Wilson whereabouts in England are you watching I am very intrigued I'm very

interested to find out where you are watching so there it is the live chat

and you are more than welcome to get involved as well because that's why we

are here I'm here to help you with your English and also you are welcome to join

in and if you just want to sit there maybe you are feeling a little bit

shy maybe too shy to get involved with the live stream but don't worry you can

sit there and you can practice your listening skills instead does that sound

like a good idea I think so so it's YouTube's birthday YouTube is 13

years old this week but the strange thing is I haven't actually heard

YouTube talk about their birthday they haven't even mentioned it this week I

haven't heard anyone on YouTube or seen anyone from YouTube mentioning their

birthday at all which I find very very interesting yes very interesting indeed

there are some beautiful colors in my garden at the moment do you want to see

what's going on in the garden Oh take a look at this oh look at that look at

that isn't that incredible the beauty of nature the colors look at that oh my

goodness you can see the blue sky you can see the green of the leaves and you

can see the pink of the magnolias the magnolia tree is looking very nice

at the moment I must say it has come out and it is looking rather rather nice I

must say so there it is the magnolia tree is looking rather splendid very

lovely and one of my neighbors also has a magnolia tree but her magnolia tree is

white but it's it's quite magnificent it's actually larger than mine believe

it or not and the view today wasn't too bad we had some sunshine and can you see

in the distance you can see there are many fields that are growing

that are having something called rapeseed you can see all of the yellow

patches across the landscape and that is rapeseed growing around the area so

there it is a video that I shot today and you can see looking across into the

distance and many farmers now are growing rapeseed it's something that has

occurred over the past maybe ten years more and more UK farmers are now growing

rapeseed and of course rapeseed is very useful it can be used as food or it can

be used in the food industry and it can be used as a form of fuel as well it is

what you call biofuel so rapeseed is a very popular crop these days especially

in this area but one of the problems with rapeseed is that I think it makes

my hay fever very bad so that's the problem with hay fever all sorts of

things can affect the actual illness so every year I suffer with hay fever but

when the rapeseed comes out my hay fever gets really really bad it gets quite

serious indeed so there you can see looking into the distance you can see

the yellow fields and all of those fields contain rapeseed a very popular

crop that is growing in this area so what about where you live what types of

crops grow where you live anything in particular any particular types of crop

grow where you are if you want to let me know you are more than

welcome to tell me on the live chat so there it was a beautiful view today

sunny but quite cool it would appear that summer has disappeared hopefully

only temporarily the live chat is on for those who are interested in getting

involved it is an amazing collection of colors thank you very much for that

let's have a look oh that's interesting I've never seen my live chat do that

before okay see if we get that back come on come back come back to mr. Duncan

please I will try and get that sorted out because it looks as if it's getting

a bit crazy there come on this is life by the way come on come back I don't

know why that's done that I will see what I can do about that later oh there

it is but I think we're heading back now back to where we should be there it is

thank you very much the flowers are in bloom

it is spring in the northern hemisphere thank you Anna for that you are very

welcome no problem how can we call the thing used for closing bottles you can

use a cork quite often used for wine bottles and of course you can use other

things such as a screw top now it would appear that I have one right here in

fact I actually have a screw top right here so would you like to see it here it

is for those who are interested here it is I'm just going to take the screw off

and then we will have a look so yes how to describe this particular item you can

describe this as a screw top or you can describe it as a cap cap so just like

the cap that I'm wearing on my head you can use the same word to describe this

so it is a cap or a top and you screw the top onto the bottle so this is a

screw cap or a screw top so I hope that helps you

I do like answering your questions if I can answer I will if I can't answer then

I will maybe answer it on Sunday I will see see what happens so lots of people

on the live chat let's have another look and let's see if we can get it right

this time ah okay then

hi mr. Duncan I'm watching you from Mexico hello to Rosie very nice to see

you Rosie also Miriam is here hi Miriam nice to see you again I am Brazilian

from San Paolo and I'm learning a lot of things with you thank you very much

Aurora says here there are many crops beans rice and tobacco also coffee as

well so lots of different things are grown where you are Miriam another

Miriam so we had Miri Ann and now we have Miriam hi Miriam how are you I'm

okay thank you very much but once again a very very busy week I have been so

busy I can't begin to tell you how busy I have been this week I think mr. Steve

has just arrived by the way mr. Duncan there is a tree of mangoes in my back

garden Oh Pedro Pedro you are teasing me how could you do that

I love mangoes so much I really do like mangoes so yes I

I like mangoes and I'm very very jealous that you have fresh mangoes growing in

your garden luan LaJuan Diane says hello mr. Duncan it's my first time joining

the live chat I am excited so thank you Luana Luana Diane I hope I

pronounced your name right welcome to the live chat and welcome to the world

of live English yes I'm live every single Wednesday 10

p.m. UK time and every Sunday every Sunday as well just to remind you so you

can see it there it is every Sunday 2 p.m. and every Wednesday

10 p.m. and don't forget both of those are UK time yes they are mr. Steve will

be here in the moment because I think I can hear I can hear his car coming down

the drive or is that coming up the drive because the driveway outside our house

is actually on a slope so the driveway goes upwards so when mr. Steve drives

off when he leaves he drives down and when he arrives back when he comes back

when he returns he drives up up the drive because the driveway outside my

house is literally up hill it's true so the live chat is very busy tonight thank

you very much so many people are here

apparently Louise says here it is very hot because it is summer time it's

supposed to be summer now here in the UK it's early summer here in the UK early

summer hey mr. Duncan as soon as you can I would like you to visit

my city in Sao Paulo Thank You Mirian I do get a lot of invitations to be honest

I get so many invitations from many people andreas here are the best coffee

crops can you guess the country well I'm going to have a guess it might be I'm

going to get into trouble now for this it might be Colombia or it might be

Brazil that's all I'm saying Mostafa is here hello mr. Duncan from

Iraq many thanks for your live streams they are very helpful Thank You mr. fir

and I'm so pleased to hear that my lessons have been useful

Nicole says I have had hay fever for many many years just like me yes I've

had a fever for so many years since I was a child I used to be affected very

very badly by hay fever when I was a kid it used to make me very ill indeed but

as I've got older as I've become older the hay fever is not as bad as it used

to be fortunately so over the years the hay fever every year has subsided it is

not a serious having said that as I said earlier the rapeseed which is now

growing near my house the rapeseed does cause hay fever

it causes bad hay fever for me so I have a feeling that I am quite allergic to

rapeseed pollen so it's actually the pollen from the rapeseed that causes a

problem sadly for those who are wondering what I do I teach English on

YouTube and now I'm going to show you a little bit of one of my lessons and

is one of my full English lessons an excerpt from mr. Duncan's full English

number 19 here is a good example of an English word that is often used

incorrectly the word paraphrase is one that is often misused it is on occasion

placed within a sentence by mistake to paraphrase something means to change the

wording of a sentence so as to make it clearer to emphasize the meaning of

something might require you to paraphrase you reword a sentence so as

to make it appear more clear teachers often paraphrase sentences so as to

allow their students to recognize the important points of a subject to express

something in as clear a way as possible might require some paraphrasing to take

place even here in my English lessons I often paraphrase so as to ensure that

my explanations come across as clearly as they can many people believe that to

paraphrase is to shorten a sentence this is not true to emphasize and clarify a

sentence is to paraphrase the word originates from the Greek word para

which means modification and phrasing which means tell

can you see what I'm doing here I'm moving these empty plastic bottles to

the recycling box at the back of my house

they will then be collected by the local recycling plant and taken to a place

where they will be melted down and reused to recycle is the process of

reusing something over and over these days recycling is carried out all around

the world almost anything can be recycled

the most commonly recycled materials include water paper and plastic many

electrical devices can now be recycled to most metallic objects are also

recyclable from discarded cans right up to disused cars many things these days

can be recycled we often hear the word sustainable used when discussing

recycling this word refers to the action of maintaining a balance between the use

and replacement of materials needed for the manufacturing of everyday items

sustainable forests and sustainable oceans being the two most common places

where things such as wood gas and oil are found

it's time to take a look at another buzzword a buzzword is a word or phrase

that is used during a certain period or is generally popular today's buzz word

is prank the word prank can be used as both a noun and verb a practical joke or

trick played on someone is a prank to do something mischievous to someone so as

to get a reaction from them is prank you play a prank on someone or you prank

someone you create a fictitious or fake situation for someone to deal with such

as an angry phone call this is a prank another example is you might arrange for

a friend to be arrested by someone pretending to

be a police officer to make someone believe that something bad is happening

when it isn't is to prank someone the prank is the trick or joke to prank

someone is the action of playing a prank pranks are quite amusing for those

watching from afar but not so for the victim of the prank we can use the

phrase hoax to mean prank you hoax someone it's a hoax believe it or not

the word prank has been in use for over 400 years

how are you enjoying today's full English is it okay I hope so

they say that English can be a confusing language to learn with many clauses and

rules to remember a good example being the differences between the words less

and fewer in standard English you should only use fewer with things that are

countable and less with things that are uncountable in their general use the

words less and fewer refer to having a smaller amount or not so much of

something so less is used with uncountable things less sugar less water

less light less money less time whereas fewer is used with countable things

fewer cats fewer people fewer words fewer days we often use less and less in

a sentence to show a decrease or steady fall it is worth remembering that when

numbers are being discussed the word less is used to show that one number is

smaller than the other less than 3 less than 10 the confusion between less and a

few is a common one even among native English speakers

yes here we go and guess who's here now please give a

round of applause he is here to join us live on YouTube

it's mr. Steve Steve is here hooray know everyone I've appeared while you was

showing that lesson well I think I think they've guessed that I'd say it's great

it's great that Steve isn't already explaining everything just in case you

haven't noticed Steve is here now there he is

I'm saying nothing hello Steve hello mr. Duncan how are you oh I'm okay but a

very busy week here and also in the UK because we had some big news this week

didn't we in the UK and and for once it had nothing to do with brexit I'm so

pleased that we had some news in the UK that had nothing to do with a brexit can

you guess what it was can you guess what the big news story was this week the

thing that everyone is talking about at the moment can you guess what it is

is it another mouth to feed it is another mouth for the great British

taxpayer to to pay out and to give money to yet another hungry mouth but it's no

ordinary mouth it is a mouth of a prince thank you no thank you canal Thank You

Otis Thank You Marion Thank You mr. fur thank you Anna Anna I think Anna is one

of your biggest your lovely hellos now Thirteen's I think Anna is one of your

biggest friends is she I think so you Hamza says I look like Robin who's Robin

I don't know o Berlin for you hello hello to you too was an accent that I'm

limber o is from Peru hello sight

Peru hello to Peru healthy nutrition I like the sound of that I'm into health

and nutrition are mad aljalja al Jill Arne yes good nutrition that's what we

want hello Alec OB o hello to Percy as well

Percy Percy Gamboa I is it your first time here because I'm always interested

to speak to people who are first time chatters because there are a lot of

people watching but they don't get involved

apparently Hamza says roben is a famous football player in Bayern Munchen this

that the chats gone mad I can't say a Jew everyone now yes everything was

disappearing off the screen everyone wants to say hello to you because you're

so popular can you say hello hello how lovely what a lovely greeting that's

the best greeting I've had all day do you realize it might take us the rest

of the night to actually say hello to everyone all of mr. Steeves fans I'm not

joking Matt the Beth greeting I've had all day so yes we have a new Royal baby

yet another royal mouth for the taxpayer to feed and now as of yet as of this

Wednesday night there is still no name for the new Prince Bernardo says yes yes

it was the new baby it was a couple of days ago that we we we saw the arrival

well we didn't personally see the arrival this is one thing they don't do

yet we don't have live births on television could you imagine that can

you imagine in the future maybe there will be a reality TV show where a member

of the royal family actually gives birth live on television because anything goes

nowadays they are so desperate for viewers so I think you might have a live

royal birth one day the whole thing on camera in high definition

Wow can you imagine that by the way if you're trying to

interesting fact here Oh which mr. Duncan knows as well about

environmental aspects if you're trying to save the planet

what is the the biggest thing you can do if you're trying to if you're trying to

come down on your co2 emission or cut down on your use of of the planet's

resources I know what you're gonna say the single biggest thing you can do I

know by far that outweighs everything recycling forget recycling forget forget

not having a car forget flying while flying actually there's probably the

second biggest thing you can do to cut out to save say the environment what's

the number-one biggest thing so so any guesses so the thing that if you don't

do it will help to save the planet massively beyond anything you could

possibly do and late today let's just say we've already given a clue a little

pink screaming yes if you want to save the planet don't have children don't

have as many yes don't have as many or don't have any because you just think if

you haven't not saying don't have children is you could have children but

you know maybe you know it could every time you bring a child into the world

that you instantly double the amount of pollution that that child throughout its

entire life will create every time a child pops out a new disaster appears on

the planet so maybe you could have you could cut down on the amount of children

you have but that's one of them the most environmentally damaging things that a

human being can do is to have a child let's take the emotion out of it the

emotion of wanting a child can you explain why though what why is it so bad

well not saying it's bad for your bad to have children per second okay why but

you've said you've made the statement so why is it bad for the environment okay

well you think of how much stuff you use in your lifetime how much food

you eat which which generates Co tubes there but if you if you that if you're

vegetarian or whether you're whether you're a meat-eating you still gotta

make that food that takes energy when as you grow up the clothes the food then

you but you might start to drive and then you fly in aeroplanes and go on

holiday so all that all the stuff that you use think the words and the word

Steve co2 the word Steve's looking for its resources in yes the environmental

impact the total environmental impact that one person has throughout their

lifetime is massive so if you have two children you've doubled trebled the

amount of of stuff that will be used or resources in the future boy yeah if you

have two children it triples well there's you know for 75 years if you

have one child that you have one jar that's fine but I'm Charlie yeah so no

but if you're still alive you're still there anyway yeah you were there anyway

so I think it's just double isn't it if you have two children

well let's don't go into that yes but anyway but oh the point I was making is

that children have the greatest environmental impact of anything I think

I think I think Steve is actually doing the show to the neighbors tonight maybe

maybe if a volcano goes up well yes a volcano eruption maybe that's another

interesting fact volcano - you have a big volcanic eruption hmm it's

equivalent to something like all the cars in the world for about 20 years

amount of amount of pollution that they produce if you have a massive volcanic

eruption it just wipes out anything that cars do it's a bit like what saw the

dinosaurs off I suppose it's a bit like that so you you get you get all of the

pollution and all also if it's bad on earth you might it might also affect

other things on the planet isn't it something now let's have a look at the

live chat created some kind of controversy coming about now having true

just finish the sentence and coming out with I would love to finish a sentence

more week not with me on clearly not the live chat is busy let's have a look

talking about saving the planet I recycle my trash all my rubbish and

water Thank You Miri n for that yes because in the full English lesson that

we just watched we were talking about recycling plastic as well anything else

sorry recycling plastic yes I'm being I'm being a little controversial because

obviously I'm not suggesting that nobody ever has children oh well with the human

race with Diane we're not actually saying that what we're saying

just making a fact yes making effect making us making a statement that when

you produce a child it does it does obviously have an environmental impact

yeah just looking at that just taking emotion out of it yes I think we've got

that across I don't think we need to keep yes well I think we have I think

people think I think people understand that we're not saying you should never

have children ever again what we're saying is the impact that

every new child has yes so when a new baby when a new baby pops out would you

like to hear the sound of a baby popping out oh go on

well there it was no yeah here it is again I can't hear it okay the sound of

a baby popping out and and this is the sound of the Royal baby popping out you

want to hear the Royal baby popping out go on so this is the sound of the Royal

baby coming out

nope the Royal baby see the Royal baby gets a round of applause afterwards yes

so that's what happened mr. Steve yes what mr. Steve have you ever had a fine

while driving I don't think Steve wants to talk about that it's a very sore

point the answer is yes Nicole I've had a few a few issues with speeding over

the years but having said that having driven for over 30 years I didn't get a

single speeding ticket until the last four years and then I got three on the

trot because they've got no bar speed cameras every I wasn't doing very much I

mean I've got for example it's the speed limit is 30 miles an hour I was only

doing 34 and I got fined for that which I think was very unfair yes I know okay

okay I think we've got it Steve yes Steve has it in one word yes see that's

all you needed to say yes because we're looking at uses of the word fine so in

that sense fine can mean penalty so a penalty for doing something that you

shouldn't something that is against the law you will be fined that they they

give you a fine normally in the sense of money you have to pay a penalty an

amount of money as a fine so there is one use of the word fine yes very good

but getting a fine is not fine no that's another use of fine you're

racing ahead now Steve and racing ahead so another use of the word fine is

pleasant or agreeable so something that is good or agreeable or something that

is pleasant we can say that it's fine it's fine you you accept it you

agree with it your weather today is fine so when the

weather is agreeable if it's a nice sunny day you can say that the weather

is fine so there are many many ways of using the

word fine isn't it a fine day today mr. Duncan

it certainly is it's it's it's a very fine night as well because we have live

English with our Leighton live every single Wednesday you can catch do you

know when when I was growing up hmm there were around 4 I think about four

four and a half billion people on the planet four and a half billion the word

that was around nineteen seventy something like that okay and I think

since then it's practically doubled yes in the last forty years yes because the

population is around seven something now seven something billion if anyone could

look that up for us to see what the current population of the world is there

is a there is actually a website that gives you the the count of the exact

population of planet Earth I don't know how they do it it's it's almost as if

it's almost as if they have a man running around checking on all of the

babies popping out by the way the sound of a baby popping out is this there it

is what you sounded like mr. Duncan when you were born I came out I was very

small I just I came out very easily I just sort of flopped out was that crying

sound very soon after your mother was crying as well ma'am

my mother's been crying ever since ever since I was born fine I think I think it

is saluting between two or more people I don't know what that means

I think we've missed we've missed some of the things here there was a comment

earlier about environmental impact of farts yes it's

just at the top there yes who said that now we can't quite see so animal farts

yes that's that's right let me just try and do this this is

something I did earlier and I made a right mess of it

there we go our dough oh yes do you know that the farts from animals and people

some people in particular some people make more farts than others I'm not

saying Who Bernardo yes you are right I suppose so yes yes you might say that

the reason for that is because farts contain that a gas called methane

methane methane which has an impact on global warming in a similar way that co2

does but methane has a greater impact so all the animals particularly ruminants

like cows ruminants so a vegetarian a animal that eats lots of plant material

is producing large amounts of methane through there through wind shall we say

use the wind gas gas from their digestive processes

yes and methane has a high impact on global warming or you might say you

might also say Trump as well Trump because in in British English in British

English Trump means fart so if you let out a fart we can say that you have let

out a Trump you have trumped blown off blowing off so there are many words for

that I don't know I don't know what it is about these live streams we always

end up talking about things like that by the way we have a mystery object tonight

shall we reveal the mystery object now don't reveal all of it Steve we're just

going to reveal a little bit of it so here is a little bit can you see it

there it is there is a little part of the mystery object

if you blink you might miss it so there it is the mystery object looks like a

snake it likes Steve well it seems to like you so there it is tonight's oh

that's enough for people to guess it is for now so I will show a little bit more

later we are busy renovating the kitchen at the moment and during the week well

last weekend last weekend we went to look at some flooring that looks nice

now this is the floor that we I think we've decided on this halfway yes you

have well I haven't decided for that that's the floor so what what do you

think about it out there in YouTube land what do you think about our choice of

floor now the problem with our floor is that it's not solid it is actually

suspended so we can't have proper tiles we can't have anything too hard so this

is a special type of floor covering so there it is so what do you think about

the choice that we've made now we think that this is what we're going to have

yes it looks like tiles but in fact it's something called lino which is which is

basically plastic which looks like it's something else yes it's made of it's

made of a kind of polyvinyl so it's actually vinyl so it's a form of plastic

but it's very hard-wearing and of course because of the way it's made it looks

very realistic so if you walk into the room and you look around it does look

quite realistic and it's easy to clean and it's cheap it's easy to clean and

it's quite cheap yes mr. Steve likes that part don't you yes oh look mr. Coco

from Poland Oh mr. Coco hello hello I said that

global warming has been created to slow down world energy consumption so there

we go then mr. Coco along with a lot of people thinks that there's

it's a bit of a it's a bit fake when people talk some people don't believe in

global warming they think that it's a conspiracy a conspiracy and that doesn't

really exist and I'm not going to comment on that because I don't really

know I don't think anyone really knows well I think the thing is the planet the

problem is that we're looking at global warming we're measuring it as human

beings over an incredibly small span of time because the human life is finite it

is a very short period of time we always think our lives are long and finished

mister don't convert human lives are brief they are very finite just yet so

we think that this is a large period of time we've only got measurements on the

planets temperature going back a hundred years we've only got a hundred years of

measurements so we're making these these predictions based on an amount of data

which if you take it over geological time which is millions of years is an

incredible credibly small amount of time so yes it does look like it's warming

but we don't know we have no idea what the cycles are in the planet hmm over

hundreds and thousands of years so we've really no idea whether we've got

anything to do with it or not well we'd probably have but it's you know it's one

of those things we think it is but we don't really know yes won't really know

for probably a thousand years but what the real trend is or even a million

years it might take another hundred thousand years to actually find out what

the result of what we're doing now is and that's the the real paradox of life

of these sorts of things because our lives are so short and so that there is

no human being that is survived long enough to say oh yes we had some global

warming 700 years ago or five thousand years ago or seven thousand years

years ago there's no one really recording that and if we had a major

volcanic eruption like Matson Helens the last big one was nineteen

eighty-something in a it was in America Matson I know it wasn't America it was

Iceland my aunt's and Helens where was that but don't think that was 1987 I

can't remember where that was now but if we have another major one like that that

that would that's equivalent to all the co2 produced by humanities over decades

so you know we are producing a lot but it's compared to what would happen if

there was a large volcanic eruption it's really nothing yes

buzzing nothing but it's it's certainly well it's insignificant when you compare

it to the big picture so the big picture really is hundreds of thousands of years

or maybe hundreds of millions of years and here we are with our tiny little

life spans of 60 or 70 years going oh I think there's a problem it's very hard

to judge it and that's the other problem because it's happening very slowly and

we can't really see the impact in our lifetime you sort of can you can see

that there's climate change going on I mean when we were growing up you had

hard winters and and and hot summers and now all the seasons seem to have blended

into into one almost well except for the this one this one yeah

so climate change is happening but we don't know whether that's normal over a

cycle anyway mm-hm and because you know it doesn't seem to have any great impact

there's known real there's no real force telling us that we really should do

anything to change it because in our lifetimes we can't see that it's having

a big big impact so it's almost like we're saying well let's let the next

generation sort it out well that's always being away though because I think

I think it's only recently that we've become aware of all this anyway so it's

not like we would think thinking of this a hundred years ago

we've only been thinking about this for the last 30 or 40 years

society it's just it's definitely the scientists can show that we have

increased levels of co2 in the atmosphere because since the Industrial

Revolution hmm we have increased levels of co2 have

increased and it's probably almost certainly due to that but the impact

that that's happening having nobody really knows yet know but it's probably

best to try and reduce pollution levels because it's CEO two isn't the only

thing it says somebody else pointed out it's break dust its particles from

engines particularly diesel engines all sorts of things all this is a massive

subject so beyond said no I don't really want to get this let's cut I don't want

the mystery object mr. Duncan I don't really want to get bogged down with this

is it's okay for a short period but then it becomes very tedious and boring I

like talking about the environment anyway

anyway this thing could be connected with the environment Francisco

hi mr. Duncan mr. Steve is it possible to add a new section in your live lesson

just for learning vocabulary associated with images well I do try to do

everything the problem is if I do that then people will complain that that's

boring and they don't want to do that so I do lots of things whilst the live

stream is going on so I don't want to concentrate on one thing for too long

such as mr. Steve talking about the environment so the mystery here we goes

I knew who said the mystery idiom but in fact it's a mystery object look at that

that song there's a bit more now what could that be what's on the end of there

it looks a bit like something you would find maybe in a laboratory or a maze

pickle or a hospital maybe going into someone's ear or maybe up their nose or

your unmentionables somewhere else so there's a little bit of a clue a little

bit more yes we'll show you a little bit more later on hey guess

what this week it is happy birthday to youtube it is YouTube's birthday this

week is it yes let me guess let me guess 13 years it is 13 years do I get a prize

not ruined I didn't know that I guessed it because you've been on it 12 years

haven't you yeah 11 years 11 years and now I'm in my 12th year so yes I am just

just slightly younger than YouTube itself so yes I am one as I said earlier

I'm one of the first if not the first English teacher to teach English on

YouTube way back in 2006 October the 31st all those years ago

when YouTube was a completely different site and everything was dare I say much

better they liked you then didn't they YouTube liked me then YouTube doesn't

like me anymore because I'm not a sexy lady it have disappeared if I was a sexy

lady or a computer player a person who likes playing computer games or a music

star or a person who just talks about I shouldn't have brought that subject up

movies you know so yes I am not considered as being hip and trendy or

viewable anymore by YouTube sadly I am now officially on the scrapheap so thank

you don't say that mr. Duncan Thank You YouTube maybe well 13 he said I

shouldn't have got mr. Duncan on that subject he on went on about me talking

about the environment but once you get mr. Duncan on YouTube he soon gets upset

it's a hosepipe says Belarusian is it a hos pastor it's a kite it's a pipe it's

a tube certainly it's a tube what kind of a tube okay I'm going to show another

part of the of the mystery object now another part

I'm not going to make this easy I don't think if we showed the whole thing

people would really guess anyway there it is David who's just put something up

there the subtitles if you're new to this channel the subtitles will go on

they can't appear because we're live at the moment we are now yes we're now

talking to you live so this is a live broadcast so we can't put subtitles on

because we don't know what we're going to say next and the system isn't that

clever yet but when we've finished a mr. Duncan has finished the subtitles we'll

go on about an hour or two afterwards when the the lesson that the live lesson

will then appear on mr. Duncan's channel and it will have subtitles on it then

won't it it will yes hopefully even though having said that YouTube has been

very awkward over the past couple of weeks putting my subtitles on so as I

mentioned earlier it would appear that that I'm not really considered

considered as being and we don't know why though worthy we think it's maybe if

you go over to ours you know if I if I was some spotty faced teenager living in

the United States

hmm that looks really creepy by the way on the screen I don't think you realize

just how creepy that looked Oh the fact that your arm was off the screen Marlene

I'm playing a violin when when people are sad that's what they do don't they

they play violins it's mr. Duncan's always going on about

YouTube hating him you want to see my socks I'm wearing some lovely socks

tonight these are the socks that I'm wearing that right now there we go a

live view of my feet look at that aren't my feet lovely tonight and wearing my

walking socks tonight and now my toes are falling in love with each other look

at that oh so there they are my socks my walking socks because we had a walk

earlier and I forgot to change them so there are my lovely nice comfortable

walking socks as a way of breaking up the conversation so what is the mystery

object sherry - all mister there's a little bit of it so here is here it

comes now I'm going to show you all of it in one go brace yourselves

I'm trying to get it in the right position here we go he's being brewed

this we're going to get some very rude answers fantasies shall I demonstrate

what can be done with this

I think that's the quietest mr. Steve has been all night so there it is what

what's it for what's it for but what am I going to use

it for this I could have many uses but what am I going to use it for lot to be

honest I dread to think what this could be used for it could be used for many

things I bought it on Amazon okay that that gives a lot away for a specific

purpose I don't think it's what it's meant to be used for yes it is it is a

medical device it's not it's not for making vapor so it's not it's nothing to

do with vapor or or drugs an enema yes yes Jeff Jeff one's ed says is it an

enema is it for lubrication mr. cocoa you're very you're actually

very near mr. cocoa very good yes very near aha is it for milk or to give

medicine to an animal I suppose yes you could use it for giving medicine to an

animal that that is exactly on where I bought this from this well Amazon I

bought it on that is what it was advertised as for giving milk or

nutrients to to an animal because you can put it in a cat's mouth or something

a cat or and then well maybe a larger animal maybe a larger animal than a kid

you imagine putting all that into a cat I think I think it would fly around the

room I like a balloon so well done that is what it is advertised for but I'm not

going to use it for that cat somebody else was very close when they said can

you bring up the live chat again mister you could put it up a cat's bottom I

suppose and give it you know a little bit of air mr. Duncan can bring up the

live chat again somebody's a nose cleaner yes there we go for your a

catheter well yes well musa says yes Moose's right that's what

was advertised for but ultimate is closed when he says it's for the car

it's not on the car and mean me know whether Mina yes Mina yes also dark Oh

dark oh who said is it a public enemy number one I like that but it's never

because it's a play on words instead of enemy he said anamur of course an enema

I suppose we should mention what an Emer enema is it's hard to say by the way

enema it's it's for cleaning out your your back end if you have some problems

there you can put something up there and then you push water in there and then it

clears everything out but I think maybe Pikachu this isn't for doing that I can

I can tell you now it does look like it it does look like that it does look like

that should go up your bottom and that maybe should be full of yes so we get it

mr. Duncan but two people have been very very close if you come by right okay so

we've got to suck petrol from a car okay so I am going to use it not on a car but

what did mr. Duncan show a video of me doing on Sunday anyone that watched on

Sunday what was I doing on Sunday that's what I'm going to use it for no use it

on and it is for sucking fluids from an engine but what huh but what and if you

were watching on Sunday you will know what at one of mr. Duncan's little video

insert ah Jeff's got it Jeff Jeff is yes it's there's there's the winner

there's no no there's no winner please four is a winner yes yes yes no there's

no winner because the winner means a prize has to happen we don't give prizes

I am going to use it we have a correct answer I'm going to use it for sucking

the oil out the lawnmower yes yes so steve is going

to you steve is going to use us so can you show is roughly what you're going to

do well without the lawnmower it's difficult well okay I'll be the

lawnmower oh don't be rude mr. Duncan I'm so I'm

the lawnmower okay my lawnmower isn't a very expensive one so it hasn't got a

drain for the oil so it's just got a place where you put the oil in but

there's nothing to let the old oil drain out so every year I've got to change the

oil gonna have new oil in the lawnmower engine just as you would in a car so I'm

going to push that in normally what I do is I take the cap off and then I tip the

whole machine upside down because it hasn't got to drain how old as I said

and that's well it's quite difficult to do because it's quite heavy so I'm going

to use this I was thought I was being clever I'm going to push it in there

suck all the oil out it hold 400 mils so I have to do this four times because

this whole 200 mil then I'm going to change the oil and that's going to be my

that's what I'm going to use it for so well done Jeff mr. Duncan I'll send you

a very expensive prize through the post won't you mr. Duncan he's joking he

won't there's no prize sorry but well done for getting it right

that means Jeff was watching on Sunday must have been because he must have

guessed when he saw me mowing the lawn you would note he was very busy yes

graces so there it is though there it is the mystery object went by so quickly so

it's being used for removing the oil from mr. Steve's lawnmower although some

all the way I have a feeling it might be used for something else as well don't I

only ordered I did order to how many joking he's ordered a big one it's huge

I don't know what he's going to do with that one can you see what I've got in my

hand do you like that it's a torch yes why have you got a torch look at

that can you see the beam of light is shining on mr. Steve the light shines on

the righteous it's actually this looks like the sort of thing a doctor would

use if he was open wide Steve not a pretty sight so this is a torch so we

tend to call this a torch in British English but of course you can also you

call it a flashlight a flashlight flashlight so a lot of people will say

flashlights if they are maybe American yes they might use flashlights but in

British English we tend to call this a torch now of course you can also say

lamp as well so it's a kind of lamp so anything that gives off light can be

described as a lamp so an electric light is a lamp and this also could be

described as a lamp especially if it's you sure if it's fixed yes you couldn't

have a lamp it's so fixed yes normally if it's fixed it will be a lamp and did

you know George but of course torch can be used as a

verb as well give us an example mr. Duncan if you set fire to something if

you set fire to a house you torch the house so you set fire to it you start a

fire you torch the house the house was torched he went around the back and

torched the shed so if you torch something it means you set fire to it

and of course before these were invented people used fire as a way of finding

their way around at night so before they had electricity and torches like this

they used to use flames so that's really how it came to be you can turn this

torch into a lamp really yes if you take this off

oh this should be fun this to be fun there we go oh you can take that off and

then you can set it down on a table mm-hmm and it becomes a fixed light oh I

see so it becomes it then becomes a lamp it's not hot so if you're in the room

you can just I feel like I feel like I'm et yes interesting fascinating so there

we go also lamp can be used in British English

to me hit someone so if you hit a person if you punch them we can say that you

lamp them you lamp them yes if I talk too much mr. Duncan might lamp me yes

it's not that common these days to use that expression but I think you'll find

it still is used in maybe in certain parts of the south so yes they might

lamp you might lamp someone yes Jeff Jeff it's obviously got experience of

this so Jeff a turkey baster yes well that was the other thing I was going to

buy was a turkey baster baster and Jeff and obviously must have done this

himself at some point so interesting so I suppose you could also use the word

because this reminds me of something that you you use in adopter surgery so

does that come off it now they've they've glued that on I was gonna break

it out the Duncan I was going to rip that off it looks like something you

know when you have an injection in your arm it looks a bit like a like a syringe

that is a syringe so the name of this part this part here that is called a

syringe syringe if a doctor came at you with a syringe that big I think you'd

scream with a needle about that long I think

that's used in comedy films isn't it when the doctors coming up to you in a

comedy film with an injection is it because normally a syringe for human use

would only contain about 1 min or Mele 1 1 watt 1 mil what's what's one milk 1

mil it's a very small amount of fluid you mean a milliliter a milliliter or 1

mil there's a hundred mils in there there's not very often that you you

might get an injection with 10 mil or 10 milliliters of some drugs but normally 1

or 1/2 half a mil ok but a hundred mil you wouldn't normally have that stuck

inside you unless you were unless you were out cold suddenly talking about the

environment seems interesting I'm strangely fascinated by this by the way

what's a turkey baster I take well it's it's a tube hmm with that you can pump

like that and it's got a long a long nozzle on it and you use it for sucking

the fat out of the tray mmm and it's for basting it's for basting so you put the

oil on top of the turkey whilst it's cooking yes I'm very bad at drawing okay

this should be interesting mr. Steve is now drawing a picture for us all so just

stand by

come on Leonardo da Vinci quickly what

that's my attempt at drawing a turkey baster I won't be able to see that

they're about that big big tube on the end and and you and you you suck up the

fat like that and then you you drop you you can baste your you can base your

meat it doesn't have to be just used for Turkey it can be used for other things

so I think I think when you're cooking meat in a tray all the fact comes off in

the oven and but sometimes you want to put that

fat back on top of the meat you can use a spoon or

or a brush but a turkey baster that looks really rude that's so so that

that end that end there you squeeze and then that's like a glass tube so yes I

could have used that Jeff but I decided I wanted to use this I've just that

looks quite rude actually is this I probably shouldn't show this again I'll

share it on Sunday and it'll be black because all the oil will be inside well

I'm assuming it's oil actually it's very clean the oil in my lawn though I don't

think it really needs changing but you're supposed to change every year

fascinating are these the sorts of things that you talk about when you go

to your rehearsals do you talk about the the cleanliness of the oil in your

lawnmower and things like that in your thoughts on the environment I like to

talk about the environment I like to talk about cars

I can talk about cars all night as you well know Nicole says is it is TV a

reality show oh you mean you mean this it is a bit

like a reality show this this is spontaneous and lies soap opera yes a

hairdryer without the wire I don't know what that means you can inspire or

aspire your Salathe with it when you go to the dentist

oh yes I suppose you could suck yes it can be used for extracting that's true

normally used for extracting liquid liquid no you're not going to use it on

my water okay I want to see if it works Steve wants to use it on my water no no

Steve you can't no I said no I don't want to do you mean I wanna see what the

section power of this syringe is you can find out at the weekend when you use it

on your lawnmower I think the balls I think that's perfect for my lawnmower I

think so as well we are going very film it and then we

can show it on Sunday one more you of the word fine if something is fine

it can be very what oh I will all I will give you a clue flour flour flour the

things you use for making bread is very fine very fine so it is composed of very

small particles it is fine says something that is very fine also you can

have sandpaper sandpaper is something you use for smoothing wood and you can

have very fine sandpaper it means it is very the pieces the particles of sand

are very small it's normally used for smoothing wood so sandpaper so fine

something made up of very small particles such as flour coffee if you

grew if you you can if you finely ground if you finely grind something hmm it

means that you you grind it down into very small particles or like flour very

fine so you've got coffee for example if you want to grow if you've got a coffee

grinder you grind that down into very small particles

there's only ground coffee and as I said earlier something can be fine as well so

maybe if you describe coffee as fine it might mean that it's ground to a

powder also it might mean that it's very good quality so if something is fine it

also means it's very good quality something is very to it it's been made

or produced to a very high standard so yes lots of uses of the word fine it's

quite interesting that many of these simple words have many many uses in the

english language like the word set exam for example yes the word set i imagined

that the word set has many many meanings maybe on Sunday

Steve perhaps on Sunday we could look at the word set does that sound like a good

idea so on Sunday when we return because we are going in a moment on Sunday when

we return we will talk about the uses of the word set does that sound good

we've been trying to do that for the last three weeks and also some possible

names for the new Royal baby I'm thinking maybe Lamar or is it a boy

some yeses of course it's a ball I haven't seen the news it's Prince

something maybe they could just call it Prince half after the late pop star so

so maybe is a tribute to Prince they could actually just call him Prince so

he would be Prince Prince I think now call him a traditional Kings names and

that I judge isn't one but one of them is George already all right then what

what Kings names are there we haven't had a Henry we've got a Henry and what

about what about Frederick Prince Frederick it would be something like

that it'll be a regal name when we say regal we mean something pertaining to

them what about family what about hands hands are you made a German name yes

because and then that might be a little a little tribute to their to their

German heritage because of course our royal family comes actually from Royal

German heritage Frederick I think that's a German Frederick I like Frederick

actually is a name yes Prince ake Prince Fred that would be amazing at that one

for a while half way Frederick I have a feeling it's going to be something like

Charles or maybe Philip as a as a tribute so this is my guess now no one

has said anything yet so I think it's going to be something like Philip after

the Duke of Edinburgh who is now about 100

sixteen years old and of course he won't be around forever so maybe they will

they will call him Phillip as a tribute to the Duke of Edinburgh ah so remember

where you heard that first it was right here on late and live so I think it

might be Phillip that's what that's what my money is on not that I gamble ever

the live chat is very busy by the way it is Oh someone says Edward yes yes Edward

a very regal name a very royal name what did yes I like I like noise eater

says Prince Donald well maybe because Donald Trump is coming to the UK in July

so I will be going down to London to wave to him as he as he gets off his

plane Arthur apparently he's going to land his plane at the back of Buckingham

Palace so that should be interesting what's

that offer Jamila says Arthur oh I like Arthur that's another good one I think

it's going to be Philip I think so after after King Arthur and the round table

yes but but did you know that the round table didn't even exist nobody even

knows if it was real or not well I think I think I think Arthur's probably made

up as well well a lot of it yes that's the point I'm making yes a lot of it is

just fictitious so Prince Edward at the moment people say interestingly enough

hmm people always say I look like Prince Edward yes you have a few things in

common with Prince Edward you look at Prince head we then look at mr. Steve

and you will see similarities my eyes are quite close together which is a lot

of the Royals have eyes which are quite close together yeah you have a very

royal look very snooty that's it that's the one very snooty where mr. Steve

drives his car he always has this very snooty look he sort of when he's driving

that's it that's the one snooty mr. Steve do you remember we went

somewhere once the wind we went to the Black Country Museum yes and we walked

in and somebody said oh look Prince Edward's walked in and another one did

it me okay oh okay that just recording a story from the earth that's not really a

story that's that's the first line from a story once upon a time I went into a

pub and someone said you look like Prince Edward the end sir Steve yes

Steven there be a good name maybe they could break with tradition and half

Stephen wouldn't that be amazing or what about Duncan they could call it imprints

Duncan because that's a Scottish name and of course the Queen of England is a

big fan of Scotland she has a house in Scotland that she always goes to to

visit at the end of the year so yes mr. Steve you look really noble Thank You

Alice Michael yes there's another one that's a good that's a good name

Alastair yeah clive with one thing one thing will happen if whatever name they

call this baby yeah half the half the male babies born in England we call that

name for many years afterwards because that's what tends to happen this this is

a bit like for for the names of females female babies a lot of people named them

after pop stars like Shania and Rihanna and oh dear talk about lack of

imagination are we going I'm getting tired it's time to say goodbye mr. Steve

so we are going in a moment and thanks for your company tonight we're back on

Sunday Sunday of course we are back at 2 p.m.

UK time every Sunday and Wednesday 10:00

p.m. UK time we're back on Sunday talking about all sorts of things maybe

we will know what the royal baby's name is but I think I think it's going to be

Philip I have I have a really good feeling about that yes I think it's

gonna be Prince Philip so to carry on that name you see that's it it's time to

go mr. Steve and and we will leave with one last thing that I want to show and

this is something very special this is the last ladybird in the house this is

the final one and I filmed this tonight in the toilet so there I was I was

having a wee wee and I noticed that there was a ladybird watching me which

which is a little strange but I decided to film it afterwards

and there it is it looks like it's dead but it isn't it's alive because after

after I finished filming it actually just walked off it's covered in dust

yes it's covered in dust in all sorts of things so there it is there is the last

ladybird the lady birds have all flown away or died or died most of them have

probably died by now so that's it we will see you on Sunday thanks a lot for

being here I am trying to understand here that comes from beholdin hello bye

Halden we teach English here and I hope you can understand what we are saying

thank you can't then you can watch it again with subtitles well if you can't

understand us you won't be able to understand what we're saying now so okay

unfortunately if you can't understand what I'm saying I won't be able to tell

you that there will be subtitles later because you won't be able to understand

what I'm saying it's it's it's like a paradox

pose goodnight Darko bye Darko buy just variation by Alice by Mustafa bye Nicole

see you on Sunday we will be here live from 2 p.m. UK time and don't worry we

will be here and mr. Steve will be here as well and Sunday won't you I will be

that sounds funny talking about uses of the word set hopefully talking about

uses of the word set but between you and me I think the chances of that happening

are pretty pretty slim to say the least Florida Jeff was from Florida well let's

have a look yes that's why he thought his English was very good your English

is very good yes we noticed that earlier by from Florida and enjoy the rest of

your evening because it's still evening early evening in Florida very nice yes I

will put the subtitles on later have you oh yeah that deck yes sorry

nothing carry on I laid that thought for I was going to talk about the bromance

between the French president and and and president Trump by calling it a bromance

the French president what's his name Emmanuel macron Emmanuel now there is a

great name that that's a name that you can really get your mouth around

Emmanuelle I'll just take that bit of dandruff off there there we go if I was

Donald if I was macron I would probably punch Donald Trump in the face you see

for that thanks I think sorry but but they almost kissed they did they

were kissing on the cheeks but but there was one there was one moment where I

thought Trump and macron were going to actually kiss each of his lips it looked

like they were very close to having a very long wet and in sort of yeah both

of their tongues sort of intertwined in their romance shall we explain the word

bromance before we go do we have to answer

tired o-22 midnight we will talk more about this on Sunday because nice thing

but it is interesting it will still be interesting on Sunday trust me

and maybe mr. Duncan will film me using this on my lawnmower and then we can

share it on some videos to prove it that is what it's for yes we might we might

do are you okay I'm waving goodbye Oh mr. Steve is going

then oh thanks Steve Oh are we going together

no mr. Steve is going to get ready he needs his beauty sleep I don't know what

what are you doing oh I'm back Oh see you Sunday did you have to buy oh

it's awkward the way I have to go off yes isn't very professional I can't

believe you bit me I will see you on Sunday and I will see you at 2 p.m. UK

time don't forget so this is mr. Duncan saying thanks for watching and I will

see you live on Sunday from 2 p.m. UK time because people still ask mr. Duncan

when are you on Sundays 2 p.m. UK time Wednesdays 10 p.m. UK time I will see

you on Sunday and of course you know what's coming next you can see I am now

waving at 20 minutes away from midnight

ta ta for now 8-)