How To Use Apostrophes Correctly

12,386 views ใƒป 2018-09-11

Eat Sleep Dream English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hey guys welcome to Eat Sleep Dream English, my name is Tom. Now I've got a test for you
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚คใƒผใƒˆ ใ‚นใƒชใƒผใƒ— ใƒ‰ใƒชใƒผใƒ  ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐใƒชใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใ ใ€‚็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใƒˆใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŸใกใฎใŸใ‚ใซใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
00:04
guys. My flat mate and I bought the same shoes. I want you to tell me which shoe is mine.
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ใ€‚ ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใƒกใ‚คใƒˆใจ็งใฏๅŒใ˜้ดใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใฉใฎ้ดใŒ็งใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ๆ•™ใˆใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
00:11
Is it the left one or the right one? Alright, did you guess? Yes, it was the right shoe
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅทฆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅณใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ‹๏ผŸ ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„้ด
00:17
but how did you know that? I'm sure you knew that because of the apostrophe that I added
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ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹? ้ดใซใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
00:22
to the shoe. Now apostrophes are really important. Maybe you are a student and you need to write
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. ไปŠใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅญฆ็”Ÿ
00:27
in English for your exams or for essays. Maybe at work you need to do presentations or you
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ใงใ€่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚„ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆ›ธใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไป•ไบ‹ใงใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
00:31
need to write emails in English. Either way they are super important for you to understand
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ใ€‚ ใ„ใšใ‚Œใซใ›ใ‚ˆ ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใ€ไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™
00:37
and to know how to use. So today we are going to look at the how, the when and the why of
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ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ ใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใฎไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใ€ๆ™‚ๆœŸใ€็†็”ฑใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ
00:42
apostrophes.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:50
Ok, our first use of apostrophes is in contractions. These are shortened forms of words. Now the
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎไฝฟ็”จใฏ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅ˜่ชžใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
00:56
apostrophe replaces the missing letters so for example instead of saying I have, I would
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ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใฏๆฌ ่ฝใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€I have ใจ่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€I have ใจ
01:03
say I've and the apostrophe there would replace the H and the A. Instead of she will, I'd
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่จ€ใ„ใ€H ใจ A
01:09
say she'll and the apostrophe will replace the W and I. We would becomes we'd. So the
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ใ‚’ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใง็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ W ใจ I ใ‚’็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚We would ใฏ wed ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€
01:17
apostrophe there replaces a lot of letters, doesn't it. It replaces woul and then you
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ใใ“ใฎใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใฏๅคšใใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆ ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ woul ใ‚’็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใจ
01:23
get the D. So we have lots of contractions that you use the apostrophe. You see the apostrophe
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ใ€D ใŒๅพ— ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ฒ ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใงใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใŒใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™
01:28
a lot in the negative contractions. So is not becomes isn't. Are not becomes aren't.
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ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใฏ ใชใใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:34
Was not becomes wasn't. Have not becomes haven't etc. you get the idea. And the apostrophe
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ Have not ใซใชใฃใŸใ‚‰ have not ใชใฉใงใ™ใญใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
01:39
there plays an important role in replacing the O in each example. A common one that people
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ใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใฏใ€ๅ„ไพ‹ใฎ O ใ‚’็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ไธŠใง้‡่ฆใชๅฝนๅ‰ฒใ‚’ๆžœใŸใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไบบใ€…ใŒๅฟ˜ใ‚ŒใŒใกใชไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™
01:43
forget let's. So instead of let us we'd say let's. You put the apostrophe between the
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ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€let's ใงใฏใชใใ€let's ใจ่จ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ T ใจ S ใฎ้–“ใซใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™
01:48
T and the S. 'Let's go to the cinema.' You need the apostrophe there. It's important
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ใ€‚ใ€Œๆ˜ ็”ป้คจใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใ€‚ ใใ“ใซใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸ่‹ฑ่ชžใง
01:55
to be aware of when you should use these contractions in your written English. Now generally contractions
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซๆณจๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็พๅœจใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝข
02:00
are seen as informal language and so therefore you need to think about the context in which
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ใฏ้žๅ…ฌๅผใฎ่จ€่ชžใจ่ฆ‹ใชใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ–‡่„ˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
02:05
you are writing. Are you writing an informal email in which case perfectly fine. If you
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ้žๅ…ฌๅผใฎใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใพใฃใŸใๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:10
are writing a formal business proposal you might not want to use contractions, so think
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ๆญฃๅผใชใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นๆๆกˆๆ›ธใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝข ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚
02:15
about the context in which you are using your English. Two more examples of contractions
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ–‡่„ˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
02:19
that you will always use. Of the clock becomes o'clock. So 'what time is it? 'It's seven
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ๅธธใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ 2 ใค่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ™‚่จˆใฎ ๆ™‚ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ŒไปŠไฝ•ๆ™‚๏ผŸ 'ไธƒ
02:24
o'clock.' You always use that contraction, it's very rare that you would not see that
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ๆ™‚ใงใ™ใ€‚' ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅธธใซใใฎๅŽ็ธฎใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ— ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใฎๅŽ็ธฎใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใฏ้žๅธธใซใพใ‚Œใงใ™
02:29
contraction. Also in a lot of old English, for example it was becomes 'Twas. For example
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. ใพใŸใ€ๅคšใใฎๅคใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏ ใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐ was ใฏ 'Twas ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
02:34
''Twas the night before Christmas.' The apostrophe goes before the T this is old fashioned English.
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ใ€Œใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚นใƒžใ‚นใฎๅ‰ๅคœใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ T ใฎๅ‰ใซใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚’็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ˜”ใชใŒใ‚‰ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
02:42
You wouldn't use this is your modern written English now but it's just an example of the
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็พไปฃใฎๆ›ธใ่จ€่‘‰ใจใ—ใฆไฝฟใ†
02:46
wide variety of contractions that we might use in English. Now be careful guys because
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ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใฎไพ‹ใซใ™ใŽใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใŒๅ˜่ชžใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
02:51
sometimes the apostrophe can change the meaning of a word. So for example take this sentence
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ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
02:56
'The dog wagged its/it's tail' Now should we use an apostrophe or not? Well you have
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ใ€ŒThe dog wagged its/it's tailใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ใ‚’ ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
03:03
to think about the context here. The dog wagged its tail. Whose tail? The dog's tail. So this
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎ็Šฌ ใฏใ—ใฃใฝใ‚’ๆŒฏใฃใŸใ€‚ ่ชฐใฎใ—ใฃใฝ๏ผŸ ็Šฌใฎใ—ใฃใฝใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
03:11
is an example of a possessive pronoun. We don't use an apostrophe because its is a possessive
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ใฏๆ‰€ๆœ‰ไปฃๅ่ฉžใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใฏๆ‰€ๆœ‰
03:16
pronoun, we don't need it, we don't use it. A possessive pronoun modifies the noun and
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ไปฃๅ่ฉžใชใฎใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ไปฃๅ่ฉžใฏๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฟฎ้ฃพใ—ใ€
03:20
it shows possession, it shows ownership over the thing. So as I say whose tail is it? The
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ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚็‰ฉใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๆจฉใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่ชฐใฎใ—ใฃใฝใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:27
dog's tail, right? So 'The dog wagged its tail.' It's can also be used as a contraction
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็Šฌใฎๅฐปๅฐพใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œ็Šฌใฏ ใ—ใฃใฝใ‚’ๆŒฏใฃใŸใ€‚ใ€ it's ใฏ
03:33
of it is or it has. For example 'It's been three weeks since I saw my girlfriend.' It's
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ใ€it is ใพใŸใฏ it has ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ ใ‚ฌใƒผใƒซใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใซไผšใฃใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ 3 ้€ฑ้–“ใŒ็ตŒใกใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
03:42
been, so do we use the apostrophe? Yes we do. Because it's it has been so it's the present
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ใ ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ‹? ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ“ใฏ็พๅœจ
03:48
perfect there. It has been three weeks. So it's is a contraction of it has. So when you
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ๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ 3้€ฑ้–“็ตŒใกใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ it has ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸ
03:55
are writing its, you need to think is this a contraction of it is or it has or is it
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ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œ ใŒใใ‚Œใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใชใฎใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ไปฃๅ่ฉžใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚
04:01
a possessive pronoun. And that will help you to decide if you use the apostrophe or not.
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ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ไปฃๅ่ฉžใชใฎใ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™. ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑบๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
04:06
Wait till the end guys, I've got a couple of practise exercises for you to check your
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใงๅพ…ใฃ ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚็†่งฃๅบฆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ๅ•้กŒใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
04:09
understanding, alright? So don't go anywhere, hang around for that.
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ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฉใ“ใซใ‚‚่กŒใ‹ใชใ„ใงใ€ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใซใถใ‚‰ใถใ‚‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:13
Other examples of contractions I've seen a lot are when we are trying to represent spoken
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็งใŒใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใŸ็ธฎ็ด„ใฎไป–ใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€ ่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆ›ธใ่จ€่‘‰ใง่กจใใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ
04:18
English in the written form. So the Michael Jackson song 'Wanna Be Startin' Somethin''
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฑใƒซใƒป ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฏใ‚ฝใƒณใฎๆ›ฒใ€ŒWanna Be Startin' Somethinใ€ใฏใ€ใ€Œ
04:25
It should be 'I want to be starting something' right? That's how it would be written grammatically
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ† ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซๆญฃใ—ใๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•
04:31
correctly. When it is said, wanna be startin' somethin'. Now he is using wanna, that's the
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ไฝ•ใ‹ๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใ„ ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€ๅฝผใฏใƒฏใƒŠใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚ŒใŒ
04:38
written form of what would be said but then we've got the startin', he's taken away the
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ๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸๅฝขใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๅฝผใฏ
04:44
G and put an apostrophe. And then something, again he's take away the G and put another
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G ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ ๅ†ใณๅฝผใฏGใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใใ€ๅˆฅใฎใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ„
04:50
apostrophe. And that's another form of contraction. Is replacing the G on one of those words with
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ใพใ™. ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅˆฅใฎๅฝขใฎๅŽ็ธฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ 1 ใคใฎ G ใ‚’ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹
04:55
an apostrophe so something, starting, going etc. you get the idea.
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ใฎใงใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ€้–‹ๅง‹ใ€้€ฒ่กŒ ใชใฉใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:01
Ok, and the second major use of apostrophes is when we talk about possession, owning things.
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ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไธปใช็”จ้€” ใฏใ€็‰ฉใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚
05:07
So in a singular noun we would put the apostrophe and then the 's. For example 'These are Tom's
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฎๅ่ฉžใงใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃ ใจ 's ใ‚’็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
05:12
shoes' they are my shoes they are Tom's shoes. So I put the apostrophe S. 'This is Shakespeare's
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใƒˆใƒ ใฎ้ดใงใ™ใ€ใฏ็งใฎ้ดใงใ™ใ€‚ใƒˆใƒ ใฎ้ดใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃ S ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ทใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ”ใ‚ขใฎ
05:20
pen' true story. So again, so to show possession, it's apostrophe S. Shakespeare one person,
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ใƒšใƒณใ ใ€ๅฎŸ่ฉฑใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ ใซใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃ S ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ทใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ”ใ‚ขใฏ 1 ไบบ็งฐใฎ
05:27
singular noun, so it's apostrophe S. Now when it's a plural noun we just put an apostrophe
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ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃ S ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใฎๅ ดๅˆ
05:33
at the end. So 'Where are the students' books?' Students' there are many of them, could be
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ใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€Œ็”Ÿๅพ’ใฎๆœฌใฏใฉใ“๏ผŸใ€ ๅญฆ็”Ÿใฎๆ•ฐใฏๅคšใใ€
05:40
two or more, could be thirty whatever. Because that's plural I'm putting just an apostrophe
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2 ไบบใ‹ใใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใ‹ใ€30 ไบบใ‹ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใชใฎใงใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ ใ‘ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™
05:45
at the end there. If you contrast that with 'Where are the student's books?' with the
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ ใ€Œ็”Ÿๅพ’ใฎๆœฌใฏใฉใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎ?ใ€ใจๅฏพๆฏ”ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃ S ใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
05:49
apostrophe S, that's one singular student. One student and their books. Put the apostrophe
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ 1 ใคใฎ็‰น็•ฐใชๅญฆ็”Ÿใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€ไบบใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใจใใฎๆœฌใ€‚
05:55
at the end, so students', that's many students. So you can see there the importance of the
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚students'ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใฎ้‡่ฆๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™
06:01
apostrophe because it changes the meaning of the sentence. But wait, what if a plural
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฎ
06:06
noun doesn't end in S, for example people or children. Hmmm well in that case we put
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ๅ่ฉžใŒ S ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐ people ใ‚„ children ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ
06:12
apostrophe S. So 'Where are the children's iPads?' Apostrophe S, for the plural. Now
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ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃ S ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œๅญไพ›ใฎ iPad ใฏใฉใ“ ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฎใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃ Sใ€‚ ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃ
06:20
as important as it is to know when to use an apostrophe, it's also important to know
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ใ‚’ใ„ใคไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚้‡่ฆ
06:24
when not to use the apostrophe. So for example in possessive pronouns, don't use an apostrophe,
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐ ใ€ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ไปฃๅ่ฉžใงใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
06:32
alright? I mean mine, ok you are probably not going to use an apostrophe there but his,
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ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ ใใ“ใงใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซ
06:39
hers, yours, theirs, ours or ours depending on your pronunciation. Don't use an apostrophe
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ๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใ€ใพใŸใฏ็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใซใฏใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
06:47
for any of those words. We don't use them, we don't need them. 'Is that dog her?' as
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ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใฎ็Šฌใฏๅฝผๅฅณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
06:54
you can see no apostrophe. Another super common mistake is to use them for plurals so 'I want
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ใ”่ฆงใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ้žๅธธใซใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹ ้–“้•ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€ŒใƒใƒŠใƒŠใŒ 3 ใคๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
07:01
three banana's'. Don't, we don't, why, we don't use an apostrophe there, we don't need,
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใชใœใ€ ใใ“ใซใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Š
07:08
it's not. Bananas isn't possessive, why are we using an apostrophe there? We don't need
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ Bananas ใฏๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๆ ผใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใชใœ ใใ“ใงใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹? ๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›
07:13
one. If you put an apostrophe with bananas it almost makes it like the bananas own something,
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ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใƒใƒŠใƒŠ ใซใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใƒใƒŠใƒŠใŒ
07:19
like they possess something. But they don't it's just three of them, three bananas, very
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ .3ๆœฌใ€3ๆœฌใฎใƒใƒŠใƒŠใ€้žๅธธใซ
07:24
simple. So with plurals generally don't use apostrophes. Alright here we go, we are going
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ๅ˜็ด”ใงใ™. ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
07:28
to do a little quiz. So I'm going to throw up some sentences on to the screen and I want
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ใ€‚ ็”ป้ขใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆŠ•ใ’
07:33
you to decide which sentence is correct. So look at the word that has the apostrophe or
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ใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ใฉใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚’ๅˆคๆ–ญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใพใŸใฏใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใŒใชใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€
07:37
doesn't have the apostrophe and decide if it should be there or not. I've got my fingers
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ใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๅˆคๆ–ญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŸใกใฎใŸใ‚ใซ็งใฎๆŒ‡ใ‚’
07:41
crossed for you guys, come on! You can do it, I want full marks from everyone ok?
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ไบคๅทฎใ•ใ›ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ•ใ‚๏ผ ใงใใพใ™ ใ‚ˆใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใ‹ใ‚‰ๆบ€็‚นใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
08:36
Alright how was that? Did that work? Was that ok? Did you get full marks? I hope so, if
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใฉใ†ใ ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏใ†ใพใใ„ใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ๆบ€็‚นๅ–ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
08:40
you didn't re-wind this video, start at the point where you weren't quite sure, try and
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅทปใๆˆปใ• ใชใ‹ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ“ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ€
08:46
look at that again, learn it and then come back and do the test again if you can, ok?
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅญฆใณใ€ ๆˆปใฃใฆใใฆใ€ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ?
08:50
If you enjoyed this video guys please give it a big thumbs up, share it with anyone that
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใ ใ‚‰ใ€้ซ˜่ฉ•ไพกใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใกใใ†ใชไบบใซใ‚ทใ‚งใ‚ขใ—ใฆ
08:54
you think would find it useful. Maybe you are a native English speaker but you sometimes
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
08:59
make these mistakes and friends of yours make these mistakes, so please share it with them
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ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใ‚‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ™ใฎใงใ€ใœใฒๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
09:05
as well, I'd love that. Or if you know anyone that needs to write in English, maybe students
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ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ ๅญฆ็”Ÿใ‚„ๅŒๅƒšใชใฉใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆ›ธใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹
09:08
or colleagues, share this with them so they also can avoid making these mistakes. I've
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ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
09:13
got new videos every Tuesday and every Friday helping you take your English to the next
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ๆฏŽ้€ฑ็ซๆ›œๆ—ฅใจๆฏŽ้€ฑ้‡‘ๆ›œๆ—ฅใซ ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžๅŠ›ใ‚’ๆฌกใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซๅผ•ใไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’็”จๆ„ใ—ใฆใ„
09:17
level. Check me out on Instagram, Instagram stories where I put daily English content
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ Instagramใ€ ๆฏŽๆ—ฅใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใƒ„ใ‚’ๆŠ•็จฟใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ Instagram ใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใ€
09:21
and of course Facebook as well. Thank so much for hanging out with me guys. Until next time
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ Facebook ใ‚‚ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็งใจไป˜ใๅˆใฃใฆใใ‚Œใฆใฉใ†ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚ ๆฌกๅ›žใพใงใซ
09:25
guys, this is Tom, the Chief Dreamer, saying goodbye.
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒใƒผใƒ•ใƒปใƒ‰ใƒชใƒผใƒžใƒผใฎใƒˆใƒ ใŒใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚

Original video on YouTube.com
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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