How to choose the correct tense in English - BBC English Masterclass

229,836 views ・ 2017-01-30

BBC Learning English


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Are you tense about tense? Well, don't be! In this session's masterclass I'll let you
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μ‹œμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ κΈ΄μž₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ? κΈ€μŽ„, ν•˜μ§€λ§ˆ! 이 μ„Έμ…˜μ˜ λ§ˆμŠ€ν„° ν΄λž˜μŠ€μ—μ„œλŠ”
00:05
into a little secret of all English tenses - it's all about character. After this.
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λͺ¨λ“  μ˜μ–΄ μ‹œμ œμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ•½κ°„μ˜ 비밀을 μ•Œλ €λ“œλ¦΄ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그것은 성격에 κ΄€ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κΈˆν›„.
00:14
Ok guys. In this masterclass we're going to get a little bit theoretical, ok? So try and hold
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μ•Œμ•˜μ–΄ μ–˜λ“€ μ•„. 이 λ§ˆμŠ€ν„° ν΄λž˜μŠ€μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ•½κ°„μ˜ 이둠적 지식을 얻을 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜κ³  λ²„ν‹°μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€
00:19
on. Tenses in English are made up of two things. A time and an aspect. Now almost all languages
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. μ˜μ–΄μ˜ μ‹œμ œλŠ” 두 κ°€μ§€λ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό μΈ‘λ©΄. 이제 거의 λͺ¨λ“  μ–Έμ–΄
00:26
and cultures recognise three times: past, present and future. But what about an aspect?
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와 λ¬Έν™”λŠ” κ³Όκ±°, ν˜„μž¬, 미래의 μ„Έ 가지 μ‹œκ°„μ„ μΈμ‹ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ . κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 츑면은 μ–΄λ–»μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
00:31
An aspect is the character of a verb. It adds extra information to the verb's meaning
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양상은 λ™μ‚¬μ˜ νŠΉμ„±μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ™μ‚¬μ˜ μ˜λ―Έμ— μΆ”κ°€ 정보λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν•˜κ³ 
00:36
and reflects the perception of the speaker. Now, depending on who you talk to, there are
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ν™”μžμ˜ 인식을 λ°˜μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이제 λˆ„κ΅¬μ™€ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠλƒμ— 따라
00:40
between two and four aspects, but I like to say three. They are simple, continuous and
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두 κ°€μ§€μ—μ„œ λ„€ 가지 츑면이 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ μ €λŠ” μ„Έ 가지라고 λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ’‹μ•„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹¨μˆœν•˜κ³  연속적이며
00:46
perfect and all three of them can be used in past, present and future.
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μ™„λ²½ν•˜λ©° μ„Έ 가지 λͺ¨λ‘ κ³Όκ±°, ν˜„μž¬ 및 λ―Έλž˜μ— μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
The simple aspect is actually not an aspect at all. It does not modify the verb in terms
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λ‹¨μˆœ μ• μŠ€νŽ™νŠΈλŠ” 사싀 μ „ν˜€ μ• μŠ€νŽ™νŠΈκ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€ . 동사λ₯Ό 의미 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ μˆ˜μ •ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ 
00:58
of its meaning, only in terms of its form. And this is because, in all cases, the unmodified
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ν˜•μ‹ μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œλ§Œ μˆ˜μ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 이것은 λͺ¨λ“  κ²½μš°μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ ν™”μžκ°€ 말할 λ•Œ λ§ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ”
01:03
verb is enough to express exactly the meaning that the speaker wants to say at the time
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의미λ₯Ό μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ ν‘œν˜„ν•˜κΈ°μ—λŠ” 무변동사면 μΆ©λΆ„ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:09
of speaking. They broadly fall into three categories. We have the long term general
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. 그듀은 크게 μ„Έ 가지 λ²”μ£Όλ‘œ λ‚˜λ‰©λ‹ˆλ‹€ . μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μž₯기적으둜 일반적인 진싀을 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:14
truth. For example, I like studying English. We have the instantaneous. For example, I
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. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ €λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ 곡뢀λ₯Ό μ’‹μ•„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ¦‰κ°μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, λ‚˜λŠ”
01:20
now pronounce you man and wife. And we have the habitual. For example, I woke up every
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이제 당신을 λ‚¨μžμ™€ μ•„λ‚΄λ‘œ μ„ μ–Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 μŠ΅κ΄€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄
01:26
day at 6am last year.
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μž‘λ…„μ—λŠ” 맀일 μ˜€μ „ 6μ‹œμ— μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
The continuous aspect is formed with some sort of be plus verbING. The focus of this
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μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ€ μΌμ’…μ˜ be동사와 ν•¨κ»˜ ν˜•μ„±λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€ . 이
01:43
aspect is primarily upon the duration of an event. All progressive forms contain characteristics
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츑면의 μ΄ˆμ μ€ 주둜 이벀트 기간에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . λͺ¨λ“  μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ€
01:49
of temporariness, unfinishedness or in progress-ness. The progressive aspect tends to disregard
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μΌμ‹œμ„±, λ―Έμ™„μ„± λ˜λŠ” 진행 μ€‘μ΄λΌλŠ” νŠΉμ„±μ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 진보적 츑면은
01:57
the end of an action and view the event from the centre. So, an action might be happening
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ν–‰λ™μ˜ 끝을 λ¬΄μ‹œν•˜κ³  μ€‘μ‹¬μ—μ„œ 사건을 λ³΄λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . λ”°λΌμ„œ λ§ν•˜λŠ” μˆœκ°„ 행동이 일어날 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:03
at the moment of speaking. For example, I'm making a video right now. Or, around a certain
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. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μ§€κΈˆ λ™μ˜μƒμ„ λ§Œλ“€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ˜λŠ” νŠΉμ •
02:08
time. For example, before we met I was living in Scotland. Or, simultaneously when another
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μ‹œκ°„μ—. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ§Œλ‚˜κΈ° 전에 λ‚˜λŠ” μŠ€μ½”ν‹€λžœλ“œμ— μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ˜λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ
02:14
action occurs. For example, When you get home, I'll be working in the office
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μž‘μ—…μ΄ λ°œμƒν•  λ•Œ λ™μ‹œμ—. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, When you get home, I'll be working in the office.
02:27
The perfect aspect is formed with some version of have plus the past participle. Perfect
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μ™„λ£Œν˜•μ€ have의 일뢀 버전과 κ³Όκ±° λΆ„μ‚¬λ‘œ ν˜•μ„±λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ™„λ²½ν•œ
02:33
aspects focus on bridging two times together, and connecting events between one time and
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츑면은 μ’…μ’… 관련성을 톡해 두 μ‹œκ°„μ„ μ—°κ²°ν•˜κ³  ν•œ μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹œκ°„ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 이벀트λ₯Ό μ—°κ²°ν•˜λŠ” 데 쀑점을 λ‘‘λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:39
another, often through relevancy. An event in the past might be relevant to the present
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. 과거의 사건은 ν˜„μž¬ μˆœκ°„κ³Ό 관련이 μžˆμ„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:43
moment. An event in the future could be connected in some way to the present or the past. Perfect
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. 미래의 사건은 μ–΄λ–€ μ‹μœΌλ‘œλ“  ν˜„μž¬λ‚˜ 과거와 연결될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ™„λ£Œ
02:49
verb phrases can describe states. For example, I've loved you since I first met you. Actions.
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λ™μ‚¬κ΅¬λŠ” μƒνƒœλ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, λ‚˜λŠ” 당신을 처음 λ§Œλ‚¬μ„ λ•ŒλΆ€ν„° μ‚¬λž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν–‰μœ„.
02:54
For example, I will have gone to the gym by the time you get home. And habits. For example,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 당신이 집에 도착할 λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ λ‚˜λŠ” μ²΄μœ‘κ΄€μ— 갈 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ . 그리고 μŠ΅κ΄€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄,
03:00
my father had started work at 9 o'clock every day for the last 20 years.
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μ•„λ²„μ§€λŠ” μ§€λ‚œ 20λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 맀일 9μ‹œμ— 일을 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
03:10
And of course we can link aspects to create perfect continuous verb phrases. These combine
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그리고 λ¬Όλ‘  μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 츑면을 μ—°κ²°ν•˜μ—¬ μ™„λ²½ν•œ 연속 동사ꡬλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이듀은
03:15
the forms of their two base aspects. For example, have plus been plus verbING, and they combine
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두 가지 κΈ°λ³Έ 츑면의 ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό κ²°ν•©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, have plus been plus verbING은 κ·Έ 의미λ₯Ό κ²°ν•©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:22
their meanings. So we can create verb phrases which focus on actions or events with duration
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. λ”°λΌμ„œ
03:27
with relevancy to more than one time period.
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ν•˜λ‚˜ μ΄μƒμ˜ κΈ°κ°„κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ 기간이 μžˆλŠ” λ™μž‘μ΄λ‚˜ μ΄λ²€νŠΈμ— μ΄ˆμ μ„ 맞좘 동사ꡬλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
Did you get it? Of course you got it. Now for more information, go to our website bbclearningenglish.com.
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당신은 그것을 μ–»μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ? λ¬Όλ‘  당신은 그것을 μ–»μ—ˆλ‹€. μžμ„Έν•œ λ‚΄μš©μ€ 저희 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ bbclearningenglish.com을 μ°Έμ‘°ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
03:35
I've been Dan, you've been fantastic and I'll see you next time guys. Remember, don't get
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λ‚˜λŠ” Danμ΄μ—ˆκ³  당신은 ν™˜μƒμ μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹€μŒμ— 또 λ΅™κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”, κΈ΄μž₯ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”
03:39
tense! It's all about character.
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! 캐릭터에 κ΄€ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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