Grammar: How to use infinitive verbs to give reasons

60,252 views ・ 2016-08-08

BBC Learning English


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:12
Hi guys, Dan for BBC Learning English here. In this masterclass we'll be taking a look
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„, BBC Learning English의 Danμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 λ§ˆμŠ€ν„° ν΄λž˜μŠ€μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
00:17
at infinitives of purpose. Are you ready? Here we go.
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λͺ©μ  뢀정사λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³Ό κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ€€λΉ„ λ˜μ—ˆλ‚˜μš”? μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
So, in English we use the infinitive of purpose to explain why we're doing a particular action.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œλŠ” νŠΉμ • 행동을 ν•˜λŠ” 이유λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λͺ©μ  뢀정사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
For example, you're watching this video to get better at speaking English. Am I right?
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 당신은 μ˜μ–΄ λ§ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό 더 μž˜ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 이 λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό 보고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‚΄κ°€ λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
00:40
Of course I'm right.
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λ¬Όλ‘  λ‚΄κ°€ μ˜³λ‹€.
00:41
Now, ''to get better at speaking English'' is an example of the infinitive of purpose
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자, ''to get better to speak English''λŠ” λͺ©μ  λΆ€μ •μ‚¬μ˜ μ˜ˆλ‘œμ„œ μ œκ°€ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ”
00:46
and it follows the clause and the action which I wish to explain. We can also use for + somebody
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절과 λ™μž‘ 뒀에 μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . λ˜ν•œ for + someone을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ λŒ€μ‹ ν•˜μ—¬
00:53
to explain that we're doing an action on behalf of someone else. For example, I make these
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μž‘μ—…μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ €λŠ”
00:59
videos for you to get better at English. Or, he bought the flowers for her to make her
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό 더 μž˜ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ 이 λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ˜λŠ” κ·ΈλŠ” κ·Έλ…€λ₯Ό ν–‰λ³΅ν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄μ£ΌκΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 꽃을 μƒ€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:04
happy. Got it?
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. μ•Œμ•˜μ–΄μš”?
01:14
To make things more formal, we can use in order to or so as to. For example, "The government
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μ’€ 더 격식을 κ°–μΆ”κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ in order to λ˜λŠ” so as toλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, "μ •λΆ€λŠ”
01:21
has raised taxes in order to fund the NHS", but, "People have taken to the streets so
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NHS μžκΈˆμ„ μ‘°λ‹¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ„ΈκΈˆμ„ μΈμƒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."라고 ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ "μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ„ΈκΈˆ 인상에 ν•­μ˜ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 거리둜 λ‚˜μ„°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:27
as to protest against the increase in taxes."
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."
01:38
What's really nice about these expressions is that they can easily be made negative using
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이 ν‘œν˜„μ˜ 정말 쒋은 점은 'not'을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ‰½κ²Œ λΆ€μ •μ μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:42
'not' - so as not to and in order not to. For example, "He paid the fine in order not
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. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, "κ·ΈλŠ” 감μ˜₯에 가지 μ•ŠκΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ²ŒκΈˆμ„ λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:49
to go to prison." Or "I've worked really hard all my life so as not to be poor."
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." λ˜λŠ” "λ‚˜λŠ” κ°€λ‚œν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠκΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 평생 정말 μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ μΌν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."
01:54
Did you get it?
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당신은 그것을 μ–»μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
02:03
OK guys, so we don't use to + the infinitive with 'not'. For example, I wouldn't say "I
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μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„, κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 'not'κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ to + 뢀정사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, "λ‚˜λŠ”
02:10
went to bed not to watch TV." That doesn't make sense. I would prefer to use a different
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TVλ₯Ό 보지 μ•ŠμœΌλ €κ³  μž μžλ¦¬μ— λ“€μ—ˆλ‹€"라고 λ§ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 말도 μ•ˆ λΌμš”. λ‚˜λŠ” 뢀정을 ν‘œν˜„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ 동사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ„ ν˜Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:15
verb to express the negativity. For example ''I went to bed to avoid watching TV''. However,
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. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ ''λ‚˜λŠ” TVλ₯Ό 보지 μ•ŠκΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μž μžλ¦¬μ— λ“€μ—ˆλ‹€''. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜
02:22
we do use 'not' and the infinitive when we make a contrast with 'but', so for example,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 'κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜'와 λŒ€μ‘°λ₯Ό 이룰 λ•Œ 'not'κ³Ό 뢀정사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:28
"I went to bed not to sleep, but to watch TV." Did you get it?
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. 당신은 그것을 μ–»μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
02:42
Finally, we can use the infinitive of purpose after a noun, pronoun or indefinite pronoun
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ λͺ…사, λŒ€λͺ…사 λ˜λŠ” λΆ€μ • λŒ€λͺ…사 뒀에 λͺ©μ μ˜ 뢀정사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬
02:48
to explain what we need it for. For example, "I want a house to live in." Or, what we intend
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그것이 ν•„μš”ν•œ 이유λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, "μ‚΄κ³  싢은 집이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€." λ˜λŠ”, μš°λ¦¬κ°€
02:53
to do with it, so ''do you have any more food to cook?'' Now in this example, the noun 'food'
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κ·Έκ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 무엇을 ν•˜λ €λŠ”μ§€, κ·Έλž˜μ„œ ''do you have any more food to cook?'' 이제 이 μ˜ˆμ—μ„œ λͺ…사 'food'λŠ” 뢀정사
02:59
is the object of the infinitive, which is fine, but we mustn't add an object pronoun
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의 λͺ©μ μ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‚˜μ€‘μ— 객체 λŒ€λͺ…사λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€
03:04
afterwards. So don't say ''do you have any more food to cook it?''
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. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ '' μš”λ¦¬ν•  μŒμ‹μ΄ 더 μžˆλ‹ˆ?''라고 λ§ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”
03:08
That doesn't make sense.
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.
03:10
Finally, we can use the infinitive to qualify an indefinite pronoun, so for example ''I
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λΆ€μ • λŒ€λͺ…사λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ‹ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 뢀정사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
need somewhere to stay.'' ''Do you have anything to eat?'' Did you get it? Great guys. For
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쒋은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€.
03:21
more information check out bbclearningenglish.com. I'll see you next time. Take care.
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μžμ„Έν•œ λ‚΄μš©μ€ bbclearningenglish.com을 ν™•μΈν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€. λ‹€μŒμ— λ΅™κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 잘 μ§€λ‚΄μ„Έμš”.
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