Should - Must - Have to | English Modal Verbs (Part 3)

1,077,654 views ใƒป 2013-03-25

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:09
Hello and welcome everyone, this is Minoo at Anglo-Link.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์•ต๊ธ€๋กœ๋งํฌ ๋ฏธ๋ˆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
Today we're going to look at two modal verbs and a semi-modal verb that are often
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์ž์ฃผ ํ˜ผ๋™๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ 2๊ฐœ์™€ ์ค€์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ 1๊ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:17
confused with each other.
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.
00:19
These are: should,
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ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค,
00:21
must and have to.
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ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค, ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
00:22
We'll have a brief look at their formulation and then we'll look at their
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต์‹์„ ๊ฐ„๋žตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๋‹ค์Œ
00:32
we can begin our lesson on 'should', 'must' and 'have to'.
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'should', 'must' ๋ฐ 'have to'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
Modal verbs:
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ:
00:40
'should, 'must' and 'have to'.
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'should', 'must', 'have to'.
00:44
Let's look at formulation first.
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๋จผ์ € ๊ณต์‹์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
'Should' and 'must' are real modal verbs
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'Should'์™€ 'must'๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ
00:50
and therefore,
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์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
00:51
like all modal verbs,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
00:54
they're always followed by the 'infinitive without to'.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ to๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:58
"Should do", "Must do".
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"ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค", "ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค".
01:02
And, they're the same for all the pronouns.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
"I should", "He Should", "It Should" etc.
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"ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค", "๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค", "ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค" ๋“ฑ.
01:11
Also,
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๋˜ํ•œ
01:12
they do not need auxiliaries;
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ณด์กฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
they take direct negative and question forms:
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๋ถ€์ • ๋ฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
"I shouldn't.",
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01:19
"We mustn't.",
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01:22
"Should I?",
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01:23
"Must we?"
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01:25
And finally, they never combine with another modal verb.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
You can't say: "you should can". You have to replace 'can' with an alternative:
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"ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
01:39
"You should be able to..." Or
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"๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค..." ๋˜๋Š”
01:42
instead of "He will must".
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" ๋Œ€์‹ .
01:44
You'll have to say:
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๋‹น์‹ ์€
01:47
"He will have to".
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
'Have to' is a semi-modal verb.
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'ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค'๋Š” ์ค€์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์ • ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ
01:56
It is like a modal verb because it fulfils a specific function,
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๋น„์Šท
02:00
but it behaves like an ordinary verb in its formulation.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณต์‹์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:07
It is followed by the 'infinitive without to'
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๋’ค์—๋Š” to๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ
02:11
"have to do",
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'have to do'๊ฐ€ ์˜ค์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์—
02:14
but it is conjugated according to pronouns:
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๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค :
02:19
"I have to",
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"I have to",
02:20
"He has to" etc.
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"He has to" ๋“ฑ ๋ณด์กฐ
02:26
It needs auxiliaries.
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์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
It doesn't take direct negative and question forms.
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์ง์ ‘ ๋ถ€์ • ๋ฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
"I don't have to."
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"๊ทธ๋Ÿด ํ•„์š” ์—†์–ด."
02:35
"She doesn't have to."
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"๊ทธ๋Ÿด ํ•„์š” ์—†์–ด."
02:38
"Do I have to?"
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"๊ผญํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
02:41
"Does she have to?"
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"๊ผญ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?"
02:44
And finally, it can combine with modal verbs:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
"You will have to."
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"You will have to."
02:52
"He might have to."
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"ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ."
02:56
Right then,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:57
let's have a look at usage,
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02:59
starting with should.
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should๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
The first use of should is expressing an opinion
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should์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
03:06
or giving or asking for advice.
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์กฐ์–ธ์„ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
Let's look at some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
"I believe nurses should have higher salaries."
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"๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์›”๊ธ‰์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ."
03:22
"You look tired.
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"ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์š”.
03:24
I think you should have some rest."
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์ข€ ์‰ฌ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”."
03:30
"He shouldn't make a rushed decision."
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
03:37
"Do you think we should phone her?"
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?"
03:44
"What should I say when I speak to him?"
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"๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
03:51
The second usage of should is expressing an expectation.
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should์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
For example:
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์˜ˆ:
03:59
"He should arrive any minute."
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ณง ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
04:03
"He shouldn't be long now."
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
04:08
"He should have arrived by now."
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ์ฏค ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค."
04:13
And the third usage of should is expressing regret about a past action.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  should์˜ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ›„ํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
For example:
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์˜ˆ:
04:20
"You should have been more careful."
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"๋” ์กฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์–ด."
04:24
"I shouldn't have said that."
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"๊ทธ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•˜์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์–ด."
04:32
'Ought to' is a synonym for 'should'.
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'ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค'๋Š” 'ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค'์™€ ๋™์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
It generally sounds more formal than 'should',
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ 'should'๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜•์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ํŠนํžˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ˜•์‹์—์„œ๋Š”
04:38
and is less commonly used,
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๋œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
particularly in the question form:
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04:46
So you could say:
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
04:47
"You ought to have some rest."
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"You ought to have some rest."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
"He oughtn't to make a rushed decision."
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
04:54
I oughtn't to have said that."
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•˜์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์–ด."
04:57
But it would be uncommon to say
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
04:59
"Ought we to phone her?"
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
Also 'should'
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๋˜ํ•œ 'ํ•ด์•ผ
05:09
(but not 'ought to')
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ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋Š”
05:11
is used to express a small possibility.
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์ž‘์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
For example:
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05:16
"If I should ever go back there, I will not make the same mistake again."
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๋‹ค์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
05:21
Or
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๋˜๋Š”
05:23
"Should you need any further assistance,
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"์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉด
05:25
do not hesitate to contact me."
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์ฃผ์ €ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ  ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค."
05:28
This is a common formula in formal writing.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณต์‹ ๋ฌธ์„œ์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:32
Right then, let's move on to 'must'.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค. 'must'
05:36
The first usage is expressing a necessity
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์šฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํ™”์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:39
felt by the speaker.
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.
05:42
We use 'must' for the present and future tenses.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹œ์ œ์— 'must'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:47
For example:
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์˜ˆ:
05:49
"He is very ill.
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์•„ํ”„๋‹ค.
05:50
You must call a doctor now."
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
05:55
"We must not lose the match tomorrow,
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"๋‚ด์ผ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
05:58
or we will be out of the tournament."
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ํ† ๋„ˆ๋จผํŠธ์—์„œ ํƒˆ๋ฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." "
06:06
"This is the best book I've ever read.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ฝ์€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ฑ…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
You must read tit too."
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ํŒƒ๋„ ์ฝ์–ด์•ผ์ง€."
06:14
"You mustn't hesitate to call me if you need help."
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"๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฃผ์ €ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ  ์ „ํ™”ํ•ด ."
06:19
Looking at the second usage of 'must'.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ '๋จธ์ŠคํŠธ'์˜ ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด.
06:23
It expresses a prohibition.
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๊ธˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ
06:25
Once again in the present or future tenses.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์“ด๋‹ค .
06:31
"You must not use your mobile devices during take-off."
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"ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅ™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ํœด๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š” ."
06:39
"You must not be late for your interview tomorrow."
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"๋‚ด์ผ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์— ๋Šฆ์œผ๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ."
06:47
And the third usage of must is an assumption in the present or past
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  must์˜ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์šฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ธ์ •๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:52
in affirmative sentences only.
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด
06:55
For example:
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06:57
"You must be tired after your very long day."
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๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธด ํ•˜๋ฃจ."
07:04
"He must have read my letter,
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์“ด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚ด ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฝ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
07:06
because he repeated exactly what I had written."
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07:13
Okay let's have a look at 'have to'.
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์ข‹์•„์š” 'have to'๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
07:18
'Have to' expresses an external obligation
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'Have to'๋Š”
07:22
in positive sentences.
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์™ธ์  ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
For example:
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
"You have to make an appointment to see him."
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"๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์•ฝ์†์„ ์žก์•„์•ผ ํ•ด ."
07:31
"She has failed her exam.
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"๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜์— ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ์–ด.
07:33
She has to retake it."
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
07:41
The second usage is expressing a necessity or obligation in the past.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
He was very ill. We had to call the doctor immediately."
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์•„ํŒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
07:54
"He was very busy.
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐ”๋นด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
I had to make an appointment to see him."
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๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•ฝ์†์„ ์žก์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
08:03
Finally, 'have to' removes a necessity or an obligation
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ 'ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค'๋Š”
08:08
in all the tenses, present, past and future.
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ํ˜„์žฌ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:14
"He feels much better now.
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋‚˜์•„์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
You don't have to call a doctor."
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์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
08:21
"I didn't have to make an appointment to see him."
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•ฝ์†์„ ์žก์„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ."
08:26
"She has passed her exam.
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"๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
She won't have to retake it."
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์‘์‹œํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
08:36
So as you can see,
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
08:38
the main difference between 'must' and 'have to'
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'must'์™€ 'have to'์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€
08:41
is that 'must' is a necessity felt by the speaker,
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'must'๋Š” ํ™”์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ธ
08:44
whereas 'have to' is an external obligation or rule.
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด 'have to'๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์˜๋ฌด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
If this difference is not relevant
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์ด ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ
08:51
you can use 'must' and 'have to' interchangeably
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'must'์™€ 'have to'๋ฅผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:55
in positive sentences.
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.
09:00
However, be careful
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
09:02
that in the negative,
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๋ถ€์ •์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„
09:03
'must not' is still a necessity
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'~ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค'๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ
09:06
or an obligation
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09:08
not to do something.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฌด์ž„์„ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
09:10
It's a prohibition.
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๊ธˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
Whereas 'don't have to'
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋œ๋‹ค'๋Š”
09:14
removes the necessity or obligation.
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ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
Also note that as 'must' has no past tense
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๋˜ํ•œ 'must'์—๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
09:24
both obligation and necessity are expressed with
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์˜๋ฌด์™€ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋‘
09:28
'had to' to in the past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— 'had to'๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
You may have also come across
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09:39
the expression 'need to'.
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'ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์ ‘ํ•ด๋ณด์…จ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
'Need to' is a softer alternative to both 'must' and 'have to'.
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'Need to'๋Š” 'must'์™€ 'have to'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
For example:
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
09:47
you could say, "I must finish this tonight, because I want to take tomorrow off." or
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" ๋‚ด์ผ ์‰ฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์— ๋๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”
09:53
"I need to finish this tonight, because I want to take tomorrow off."
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"๋‚ด์ผ ์‰ฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์— ๋๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ."
09:59
or "I have to finish this tonight, my deadline is tomorrow."
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๋˜๋Š” "์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์— ๋๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ๊ฐ์ผ์ด ๋‚ด์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
10:05
In a softer tone, you could say:
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๋” ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ์–ด์กฐ๋กœ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
"I need to finish this tonight, my deadline is tomorrow."
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"์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์— ๋๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”. ๋งˆ๊ฐ์ผ์€ ๋‚ด์ผ์ด์—์š”."
10:13
'Need to' is an ordinary verb
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'Need to'๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ
10:16
and takes auxiliaries.
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์ด๋ฉฐ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
"Do I need to finish this tonight?"
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"์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์— ๋๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
10:21
I don't need to finish this tonight."
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I don't need to finish this tonight."
10:25
You may also come across the modal verb 'need'.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ 'need'๋ฅผ ์ ‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
It is not a very common modal verb and can only be used in negative
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:33
sentences and questions.
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.
10:36
So you may hear instead of "do I need to finish this?"
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "do" ๋Œ€์‹  ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฑธ ๋๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
10:40
"Need I finish this?"
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"์ด๊ฑธ ๋๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
10:43
or
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10:43
Instead of "I don't need to finish this."
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๋˜๋Š” "
์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋๋‚ผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋Œ€์‹ ์— "
10:46
you may hear
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10:48
"I needn't finish this."
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋๋‚ผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:51
Let's do a gap filling exercise now.
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. ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ ์ฑ„์šฐ๊ธฐ ์—ฐ์Šต์„
10:55
"Have you had your exam results?"
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ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‚˜์™”์–ด?" "
11:00
"Yes I've failed Biology.
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๋„ค ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™ ์‹œํ—˜์— ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ์–ด์š”.
11:04
I will ......
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๋‚˜๋Š” ......
11:06
retake it in August.
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8์›”์— ์žฌ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
11:12
I will have to retake it in August."
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8์›”์— ์žฌ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•ํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." "
11:18
"Oh sorry.
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์•„ ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
You ......
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ......
11:21
be pretty upset.
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๊ฝค ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
11:27
You must be pretty upset.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฝค ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
What about Physics?"
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์€์š”?"
11:36
"I've passed that but with a very low mark.
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"๊ทธ๊ฑด ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:40
My teacher thinks I ......
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ......
11:43
retake that too.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žฌ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
My teacher thinks I should retake that too."
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋„ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žฌ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค .
11:59
"Do you think you .....
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12:01
retake it?
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12:08
Do you think you should retake it?"
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์žฌ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?"
12:13
"No, I strongly feel that I ......
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"์•„๋‹ˆ์š”,
12:16
focus on biology.
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
I strongly feel that I must focus on Biology.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค .
12:32
I ...... fail that one.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ......๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์‹คํŒจํ•œ๋‹ค.
12:37
I mustn't fail that one.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹คํŒจํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
I ...... get at least a B in Biology to study medicine at university.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ...... ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ์˜ํ•™์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์—์„œ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ B๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:55
I have to get at least a B in Biology to study Medicine at university."
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๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ์˜ํ•™์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์—์„œ B๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
13:02
"Did you fail Biology last year as well?"
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"์ž‘๋…„์—๋„ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์— ๋‚™์ œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?" "
13:09
"No I passed it last year.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”.
13:11
I ......
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์ €๋„ ......
13:12
have passed it this year too.
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์˜ฌํ•ด๋„ ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
I should have passed it this year too.
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์˜ฌํ•ด๋„ ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ.
13:26
I just didn't study enough."
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๋ฟ์ด์•ผ." "
13:34
"You ....... have studied enough! You always do."
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๋„ˆ๋Š”....... ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์–ด! ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ž˜."
13:40
You must have studied enough you always do.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ•  ๋งŒํผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๊ฒ ์ง€ .
13:45
The exam .....
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์‹œํ—˜์ด.....
13:47
have been difficult.
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์–ด๋ ค์› ์„ํ…๋ฐ.
13:53
The exam must have been difficult."
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์‹œํ—˜์ด ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋‚˜๋ด."
13:58
No, the exam wasn't difficult. I was too tired.
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์•„๋‹ˆ, ์‹œํ—˜์€ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํ”ผ๊ณคํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
I ......
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๋‚˜๋Š” ......
14:04
have partied the night before.
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์ „๋‚  ๋ฐค์— ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋‚ 
14:12
I shouldn't have partied the night before.
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๋ฐค์— ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•˜์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š” .
14:18
I ...... have studied instead.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ...... ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:24
I should have studied instead."
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์ฐจ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ์ง€."
14:30
Oh, I see. Well, you are good at Biology.
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์•„, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ตฌ๋‚˜. ๋ญ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™ ์ž˜ํ•˜์‹œ๋„ค.
14:35
You ....... be able to pass it in August.
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๋„ˆ........8์›”์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
14:43
You should be able to pass it in August."
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8์›”์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ์•ผ."
14:54
"I hope so.
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"๊ทธ๋žฌ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์–ด.
14:56
I will ......
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๋‚˜๋„......
14:57
find a summer job as well. My dad insists!
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ํ•˜๊ณ„ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ๊ฒŒ. ์•„๋น ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๊ธด๋‹ค!
15:06
I will
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15:06
have to find a summer job as well."
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๋‚˜๋„
ํ•˜๊ณ„ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค."
15:13
"Did you have a summer job last year?"
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"์ž‘๋…„์— ์—ฌ๋ฆ„๋ฐฉํ•™ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?"
15:19
"No, I didn't .....
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"์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ์ €๋Š”
15:21
work last summer.
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์ง€๋‚œ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— .....์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:26
I didn't have to work last summer.
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ์ผํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:30
I had some savings then."
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ €์ถ•์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
15:35
"What happened to your savings?"
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"๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ €์ถ•์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
15:42
I ......
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๋‚˜๋Š” ......
15:43
buy a car because my flat was too far from the college.
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๋‚ด ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฉ€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
15:52
I had to buy a car."
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์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”."
15:58
"Well, good luck with your retake. You .......
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"์Œ, ์žฌ์ˆ˜๊ฐ• ์ž˜ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ .......
16:02
let me know how it went.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
16:09
You must let me know how it went."
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
16:16
Right, that's the end of this lesson, I hope you've enjoyed it.
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๋„ค, ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์ƒํ•˜์…จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
16:20
As you know, you can now go to our website anglo-link.com for further explanations
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์ด์ œ anglo-link.com ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ช…
16:25
and exercises.
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๊ณผ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:30
Thank you for watching, I look forward to seeing you in our next video.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:34
Bye now!
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์ด์ œ ์•ˆ๋…•!
16:36
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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