Modal Verbs | Can Could May Might | English Grammar Lesson | B2-Upper Intermediate

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:04
Hello and welcome everyone to this lesson whichย  is based on a question that Ramen has asked me.ย ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. Ramen๋‹˜์ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
And let's see what the question is. You canย  see it now. He has asked: Can we always useย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
'can' and 'could' interchangeably? Well, the shortย  answer is no, not always. They have some similarย ย 
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'can'๊ณผ 'could'๋ฅผ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์งง์€ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ '์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์ œํ’ˆ์€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ
00:27
functions and some very different functions.ย  So, let's review the eight common functions ofย ย 
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๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์ด ๋‘ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ 8๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณตํ†ต ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:35
these two modal verbs. Right, let's get startedย  with the first function, which is ability. Now,ย ย 
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. ์ž, ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ธ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž,
00:42
that's the straightforward one. Most of you useย  this easily and correctly. To express ability inย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
00:50
the present or future, we can use 'can'. So forย  example: I can speak Spanish. You can also say:ย ย 
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'can'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ €๋Š” ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
I am able to speak Spanish. Ability in theย  present. Ability for the future also 'can':ย ย 
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์ €๋Š” ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ . ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋„ 'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค':
01:07
Can you do this tomorrow? If you say this, itย  means: Will you be able to do this tomorrow?ย ย 
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๋‚ด์ผ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚ด์ผ ์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
You're asking about someone's ability to doย  something. In the past for the same idea ofย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์—
01:20
ability, we use 'could'. For example: I couldn'tย  finish my essay yesterday. You can also say:ย ย 
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'could'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ œ ์—์„ธ์ด๋ฅผ ๋๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
I was not able to finish my essay yesterday.ย  That's the most common use of 'can' and 'could',ย ย 
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์–ด์ œ ์—์„ธ์ด๋ฅผ ๋๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด 'can'๊ณผ 'could'์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์šฉ๋ฒ•์ธ๋ฐ,
01:36
and I think you're pretty comfortable with that.ย  Number two is permission. Now, for asking forย ย 
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ๊ทธ ์ ์— ๊ฝค ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•  ๋•Œ
01:44
permission you can use 'can' or 'could'. So Iย  can say: Can I turn up without an appointment?ย ย 
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'can' ๋˜๋Š” 'could'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ฝ์† ์—†์ด ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
01:52
Do I have permission to do that? Or: Could I turnย  up without an appointment? The only difference isย ย 
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๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ๊ถŒํ•œ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๋˜๋Š”: ์•ฝ์† ์—†์ด ์ฐธ์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€
01:58
that 'could' is more polite. When you use 'could'.ย  'Could' is always more polite than 'can' when youย ย 
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'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ •์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ.ย  ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•  ๋•Œ 'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค'๋Š” 'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค'๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋” ์ •์ค‘ํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:04
ask a question. Now, be careful that although inย  the question when you ask for permission you canย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ•  ๋•Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—
02:12
use either 'can' or 'could'. To give permissionย  or refuse permission, you only use 'can'. So,ย ย 
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'can' ๋˜๋Š” 'could'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด 'can'๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ,
02:20
if it's positive: Yes you can visit us anytime youย  like. And if it's negative refusing permission: Noย ย 
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ: ๋„ค, ์›ํ•˜์‹ค ๋•Œ ์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ์ €ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ: ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”
02:30
you can't just turn up, you need an appointment.ย  Right, so I think that's not too bad yet. Stillย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ์•ฝ์†์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ , ์•„์ง์€ ๋‚˜์˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„
02:37
pretty clear. But I do need to make a note hereย  for you that there is another modal of verb,ย ย 
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๊ฝค ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
02:45
which is closely related to permission, and thatย  is 'may'. So, you can also use 'may' to say:ย ย 
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ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ 'may'๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 'may'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
May I turn up without an appointment? Askingย  for permission. And you can use the same modalย ย 
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์•ฝ์† ์—†์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”? ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์ผํ•œ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
03:00
of verb to give or refuse permission: Yes, youย  may! No you may not! Now, just so that you know,ย ย 
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๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ, ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์ด์ œ,
03:10
you may also hear 'might I': Might I turn upย  without an appointment? To ask for permission.ย ย 
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'might I'๋„ ๋“ค์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ฝ์† ์—†์ดย ์˜ฌ๊นŒ์š”? ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
But this is even more formal than 'may' and veryย  rare. I'm just pointing it out so you don't getย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š” 'may'๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ฒฉ์‹์„ ์ฐจ๋ฆฐ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด๋ฉฐ ๋งค์šฐ ๋“œ๋ญ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋†€๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ง€์ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:25
surprised. Right, but probably the best one isย  'could' because it's not too formal (to ask forย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ 'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฒฉ์‹์„ ์ฐจ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ (
03:33
permission) and it's not too friendly either.ย  It's in the middle. So, that's all I have toย ย 
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ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ) ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์นœ๊ทผํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ—ˆ๋ฝ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ๋ง์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:39
say for permission. Let's look at function numberย  three. That's a request. Obviously, it's alwaysย ย 
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. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์š”์ฒญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ, ํ•ญ์ƒ
03:47
in the question form. Again, you can use 'can' orย  'could': Can you print two copies of this please?ย ย 
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์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ˜•์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ 'can' ๋˜๋Š” 'could'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ณธ์„ ๋‘ ์žฅ ์ธ์‡„ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
03:56
Or: Could you print two copies of this please?ย  And again, like we saw before, 'could' is moreย ย 
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด: ์ด ์ฑ…์„ ๋‘ ์žฅ ์ธ์‡„ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ž์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ 'could'๊ฐ€ ๋”
04:02
polite. So if you are talking to someone you don'tย  know very well, or your relationship is with themย ย 
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์ •์ค‘ํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™” ์ค‘์ด ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€
04:09
formal, then use 'could'. Friends family, can isย  perfectly okay. So, that's number three. Let'sย ย 
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๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 'could'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์นœ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ์บ”์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
look at function number four and that is makingย  a suggestion. It's always in the positive form.ย ย 
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4๋ฒˆ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
And here, for making a suggestion, we can onlyย  use 'could'. So, for example if someone says:ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ 'could'๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด:
04:34
Any ideas on how to save some money this month?ย  And you come up with a couple of ideas to presentย ย 
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๋‹ฌ์— ๋ˆ์„ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:41
them, you can say: We could skip eating out orย  maybe we could turn the heating down. So, you areย ย 
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์™ธ์‹์„ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋›ธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€
04:49
making a positive suggestion using only 'could'.ย  Right, now we come to the fifth function, which isย ย 
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'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค'๋งŒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ธ '์ œ๊ณต'์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:00
offering. Offering to do something for someone.ย  And that's always in the question form. And now,ย ย 
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. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
05:08
you can only use 'can' not 'could'. So,ย  you see someone needs help. You can say:ย ย 
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'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ 'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค'๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
Can I help you with anything or can I get youย  a drink? Not 'could' in this case. Right nowย ย 
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆด๊นŒ์š”, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์Œ๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜๋ผ๋„ ๋“œ๋ฆด๊นŒ์š”? ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'. ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ,
05:24
finally, well almost finally, we come to the ideaย  of possibility, and that's where things can get aย ย 
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด, ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด
05:32
little confusing. So, let's hope I can clarify itย  for you. Sometimes, we want to express a generalย ย 
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ 
05:40
possibility, make a general statement aboutย  something, a fact. In this case, for the present,ย ย 
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, ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ, ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ˜„์žฌ๋กœ์„œ๋Š”
05:49
it's only 'can' that works. For example: In thisย  region, the weather can suddenly change. A generalย ย 
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'can'๋งŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ: ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ
05:58
fact. A general statement. Now, if we wanted toย  express a general fact or make a statement ofย ย 
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์‚ฌ์‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ง„์ˆ . ์ด์ œ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:05
general possibility in the past, obviously weย  change to 'could'. For example: In the regionย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ง„์ˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ 'could'๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ:
06:12
where I grew up, the weather could suddenlyย  change. So just bear that in mind, because onceย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ž€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘์„ธ์š”. ํŠน์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„
06:21
we look at the next function, which is expressingย  a specific possibility, you notice that 'can' isย ย 
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ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด 'can'์ด
06:30
no longer possible. That's probably the trickiestย  thing to remember. That if the possibility you'reย ย 
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šด ์ผ์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ . ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด
06:37
expressing is specific to a current situation, orย  a past situation, or a future situation, but it'sย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ํŠน์ •ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
06:45
specific it's not a general statement there'sย  a specific context, 'can' doesn't work anymore.ย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ง„์ˆ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ํŠน์ • ๋งฅ๋ฝ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค'๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
You need to use 'could'. For example in theย  present we can say: There's a present situation,ย ย 
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'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํ˜„์žฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
a bit of danger! Watch out! Watch out! This couldย  be a trap! A possibility that this is a trap. Or,ย ย 
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด! ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด! ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•จ์ •์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•จ์ •์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”,
07:07
we can use it in the past: She's late! Could sheย  have missed the train? Is there a possibility?ย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. She's late! ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋†“์ณค์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
07:14
Is it possible that she has missed the train?ย  And also the same word 'could' for the future:ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋†“์ณค์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด 'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค':
07:22
It could rain later today. There is a possibilityย  (a positive possibility) that something willย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ(๊ธ์ •์  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ)์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:29
happen later. So, the point to remember here isย  not to use 'can'. So, don't say things like: Watchย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ ์€ 'can'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
07:38
out this can be a trap! Or: can she have missedย  her train? Or: it can rain later today. That'sย ย 
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ํ•จ์ •์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”! ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋†“์ณค์„๊นŒ์š” ? ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ
07:46
probably the most common mistake that I hear. Keepย  it to 'could'. Or, there are two other modal verbsย ย 
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ'์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
07:53
you can use. So, there's a note for you. For thisย  particular function that you can also use 'may'ย ย 
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํŠน์ • ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
08:01
or 'might' for a specific possibility. So, it'sย  possible to say: It could rain later today. Itย ย 
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ํŠน์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 'may'ย ย  ๋˜๋Š” 'might'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
may rain later today. It might rain later today.ย  Some people kind of say well maybe the degrees ofย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:17
possibility is different. 'May' is more possibleย  than 'might'. I wouldn't complicate things.ย ย 
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. 'May'๋Š” 'might'๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
Just say if you want to express a specificย  possibility, you can use any of these threeย ย 
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๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:30
modal verbs. But not 'can'. Now, if this specificย  possibility is about something NOT happening. So,ย ย 
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค'๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ,
08:40
we have like a negative possibility. It's possibleย  that this will not happen, you must only use 'mayย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '~์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:48
not' or 'might not'. Don't use 'could' anymore.ย  So, if you want to say it is possible that itย ย 
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' ๋˜๋Š” '~์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ์ด์ƒ 'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
08:56
will not rain later today, then the only modalย  verbs you can use are 'may not' and 'might not':ย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'may not'๊ณผ 'might not'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
It may not rain later today. Or: It mightย  not rain later today. And last but not least,ย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”: ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ,
09:14
now we want to express impossibility. So, it's aย  bit different from what we just saw. And now youย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
09:21
can use 'can't' or 'couldn't'. So, if you want toย  say it is impossible that this is a trap then youย ย 
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'can't' ๋˜๋Š” 'couldn't'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•จ์ •์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ
09:31
can use either: Don't worry, this can't be a trap.ย  This couldn't be a trap. There is no possibility.ย ย 
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์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ํ•จ์ •์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฑด ํ•จ์ •์ด ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
Right! We can also use the the two for the past.ย  So for example to express that it is impossibleย ย 
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ! ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ๋‘˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.ย  ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋†“์ณค๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
09:47
that she has missed the train, we can say: I sawย  her on the platform, she can't have missed theย ย 
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๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋†“์ณค์„ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:54
train. Or: she couldn't have missed the train.ย  I do believe that for this possibility thing,ย ย 
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. ๋˜๋Š”: ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋†“์น  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด,
10:02
because that's where things get a bit complicated,ย  you probably need to listen to this part of theย ย 
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์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜
10:07
lesson a few times and make some notes. Butย  just hopefully to help a little more, I'veย ย 
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์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๋ฉ”๋ชจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ข€ ๋” ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ
10:13
made a summary of what we've just looked at. Soย  for ability, present and future, 'can'. For past,ย ย 
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋Š” 'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š”
10:22
'could'. Okay, for permission, if you're askingย  for permission, 'can' or 'could'. Both are okay.ย ย 
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'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'. ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” 'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
'Could' is more polite. But to refuse or giveย  permission only 'can'. 'Can' or 'can't'. Requests,ย ย 
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'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋” ์ •์ค‘ํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด์—์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ 'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'. 'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” 'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค'. ์š”์ฒญ์€
10:41
both are possible. Again, 'could' is more politeย  than 'can'. For a suggestion, only 'could'. For anย ย 
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ' can'๋ณด๋‹ค 'could'๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ •์ค‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” 'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค'๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
offer to help to do something, only 'can'. For aย  general possibility. Making a general statement,ย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ๋•๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆ์—๋Š” 'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค'๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด
10:59
only 'can'. For a specific possibility,ย  only 'could'. And finally, for a specificย ย 
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'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค'๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ'๋งŒ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํŠน์ •
11:09
impossibility, 'can't' or 'couldn't'. So, maybeย  this little table will also be helpful to copyย ย 
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ' ๋˜๋Š” 'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์ž‘์€ ํ‘œ๋Š” ๋ณต์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๋„ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:17
and then review. Right, so it brings us backย  to the question from Ramen, which I answeredย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ตฐ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ผ๋ฉด์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
briefly in the beginning: Can we always use 'can'ย  and 'could' interchangeably? As you can see,ย ย 
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'can' ๊ณผ 'could'๋ฅผ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
11:29
no not always. In fact, the only case whereย  we could use them fully interchangeably wasย ย 
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ตํ™˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š”
11:37
impossibility. And the other two cases,ย  where one was asking for permission andย ย 
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ 
11:44
the other one was making it request, yes we canย  use them both interchangeably. But the degree ofย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์š”์ฒญ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
11:50
formality changes, so they're not exactly theย  same but similar. Right, I hope this has beenย ย 
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๊ฒฉ์‹์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ณ  ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด
11:59
a little bit helpful to clarify the different usesย  of 'can' and 'could' for you. And if you want toย ย 
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'can'๊ณผ 'can'์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์šฉ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋‚˜๋งˆ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
12:06
review it a few times and make some notes, thatย  will help you even more. I hope you've enjoyedย ย 
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๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฉ”๋ชจํ•ด ๋‘๋ฉด ๋”์šฑ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:12
this lesson. For more on this topic, click here.ย  Remember to also check out my complete onlineย ย 
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ย ย ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์› ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ „์ฒด ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •๋„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”
12:19
course. And don't forget to like and subscribe.ย  Thank you for watching, and happy studies!
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ข‹์•„์š”์™€ ๊ตฌ๋…๋„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๋ถ€ ๋˜์„ธ์š”!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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