Gerund & Infinitive | English Grammar Lesson | C1-Advanced

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:04
[Music]
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[์Œ์•…]
00:05
Hello and welcome everyone to this lesson whichย  is about gerund and infinitive, and it's basedย ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋Š”
00:11
on a very common question I get from many of you,ย  and that is: How do we choose between gerund andย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋‚˜์š”
00:18
infinitive? Are there any rules? My answer is thatย  there are a few rules, 'guidelines' more like it,ย ย 
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? ์–ด๋–ค ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๋‚ด ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ '์ง€์นจ'๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒย ย  ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์˜ณ์€์ง€
00:26
but you mainly need to rely on your ears to tellย  you what sounds right. Now, the good news is thatย ย 
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๋งํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ท€์— ์˜์กดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์€
00:34
if you make a mistake here, your message is stillย  perfectly clear. So, just be patient. You willย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€์„ธ์š”.
00:41
gradually activate the correct form. Right, butย  today, we're going to help you pick up some of theย ย 
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์ ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์–‘์‹์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€
00:48
guidelines and hopefully start using them. But,ย  first let's look at when we need to choose betweenย ย 
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์ง€์นจ์„ ์ตํžˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:56
gerund and infinitive. Sometimes, we need to useย  a verb without conjugating it, that is withoutย ย 
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. ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์ฆ‰
01:04
putting it in a tense. In this case, unlike otherย  languages which offer only one form usually,ย ย 
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์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ˜•์‹๋งŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
01:13
English has three forms to choose from. And theseย  three forms are: infinitive with to (to do),ย ย 
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์˜์–ด์—๋Š” ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜•์‹์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” to(to do)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ,
01:20
infinitive without to (just do), and gerund, whichย  is the noun form of a verb. Let's look at threeย ย 
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to(just do)๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ธ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€
01:30
examples. So, for the verb 'need', if you have aย  second verb, you need to use 'infinitive with to':ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ 'need'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ '๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ with to'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
She needs to relax more. After modal verbsย  like 'should', we need to use the base verb,ย ย 
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She need to Relax more. 'should'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์—๋Š” to ์—†์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
infinitive without to: They should hire moreย  stuff. And the example for the gerund is the verbย ย 
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They should ๊ณ ์šฉ more stuff. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ
01:53
'enjoy'. If you put a verb after the conjugatedย  verb 'enjoy', it has to be in the 'doing form':ย ย 
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'enjoy'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™œ์šฉํ˜• ๋™์‚ฌ 'enjoy' ๋’ค์— ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ด๋ฉด 'doing ํ˜•ํƒœ'์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
He enjoys spending time in nature. The mostย  common form, and the form most of us like to use,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด์ž ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š”
02:11
is 'to do': infinitive with to', and if in doubtย  just go for that, go for 'infinitive with to'ย ย 
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'to do': ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ with to'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šฐ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ '๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ with to'๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
02:20
because it's the most common one, but of courseย  sometimes the other two forms are necessary. So,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์–‘์‹์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
02:27
now we're going to look at some guidelines whereย  you must not use 'to do' and use the other forms,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ 'to do'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, 'do
02:34
starting with 'do', when we should use 'do'.ย  There are three categories here. First of all:ย ย 
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'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ 'do'๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ง€์นจ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ :
02:43
after all modal verbs. That's easy to remember,ย  a very easy rule to remember: After a modal verb,ย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์—. ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ๊ทœ์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์—๋Š” '
02:49
just use 'do' (the base verb), no 'to'. The modalย  verbs you know are: can, could, may, might, must,ย ย 
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to'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ 'do'(๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ)๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” can, could, may, might, must,
02:58
should, will, shall, and would. So: I mustย  go now. Sometimes, I hear some students say:ย ย 
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should, will, will, would์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ด์š”. ๊ฐ€๋” ์–ด๋–ค ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
I must to go now. To be avoided: I must goย  now. The second category here is after theseย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ด์š”. ํ”ผํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด: ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
03:13
common verbs and expressions. The list is notย  exhaustive, but these are the common ones thatย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋’ค์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชฉ๋ก์ด ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:19
you need to remember: let, make, would rather, hadย  better, and 'why not' with a question: Why not go?ย ย 
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. let, make, would ์ฐจ๋ผ๋ฆฌ, hadย  ๋ฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ '์™œ ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?'
03:30
NOT 'Why not going?', which is the commonย  mistake. For example, with the verb 'make':ย ย 
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'์™œ ์•ˆ ๊ฐ€?'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ”ํžˆ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋™์‚ฌ 'make'์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ:
03:35
The presenter made us all stand up. No 'to' , noย  'ing'. And the third category here, the final one,ย ย 
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๋ฐœํ‘œ์ž๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์ผ์–ด์„œ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'to'๋„, 'ing'๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์ธ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ 'to'๋กœ
03:45
is after verbs and expressions that endย  in 'to' obviously. We have four of these:ย ย 
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๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋’ค์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
'ought to', which is a modal verb but happensย  to have the word 'to' as part of it; 'have to',ย ย 
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'ought to'๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ผ๋ถ€์— 'to'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค'๋Š”
03:59
which means obligation; 'used to' (habit in theย  past), and 'going to', a future form. Obviouslyย ย 
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์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'used to'(๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์Šต๊ด€ ) ๋ฐ 'going to'๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ
04:07
that's the easiest one to remember. You don't wantย  to use anything other than 'do' (the base verb)ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‰ฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'do'(๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ) ์ด์™ธ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:13
here. For example: You ought to be more cautious.ย  So, that's for the base verb: when you should useย ย 
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. ์˜ˆ: ์ข€ ๋” ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
'do': three categories, quite straightforwardย  really. Now let's look at 'doing'. The first oneย ย 
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'do'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ: ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ, ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ 'ํ•˜๋Š”'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ
04:29
I want to mention to you is: If you use a verbย  as the subject of another verb, you must makeย ย 
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๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ ์€, ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ
04:37
sure you use the gerund form, the 'doing' form,ย  not the infinitive. A common mistake I hear isย ย 
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'doing' ํ˜•ํƒœ์ธ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ
04:44
for example: To walk in nature is healthy. Makeย  sure you use the gerund when it's the subject of aย ย 
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๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์—ฐ ์†์—์„œ ๊ฑท๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‚ฌ ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์ผ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
verb because really we want to use the noun formย  of the verb here as a subject. But, be carefulย ย 
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
05:00
that if you say, if you construct your sentenceย  the other way, like saying: It is healthy, thenย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉด It is healthy๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด
05:07
you keep the 'infinitive with to': It is healthyย  to walk in nature. So, that's the first categoryย ย 
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'to ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ'๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. It is healthy in nature๋ฅผ ๊ฑท๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ
05:16
with 'doing'. The second one: a very clear ruleย  in English: after a preposition. So for example:ย ย 
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'doing'์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ ๋’ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
I apologise for being late. I have three notesย  here about this particular category: Rememberย ย 
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๋Šฆ์–ด์„œ ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํŠน์ • ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฐธ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
that 'to' itself can also be a preposition. Itย  confuses things; makes things complicated. But,ย ย 
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'to' ์ž์ฒด๋„ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์„ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
05:40
'to' is also a preposition like 'for', like 'in'.ย  A very clear example is 'he is used to'. So, thisย ย 
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'to'๋Š” 'in'๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด 'for'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ฃผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” '๊ทธ๋Š” ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด
05:48
is the expression 'to be used to', which meansย  'to be accustomed to'. As a preposition here,ย ย 
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ํ‘œํ˜„์€ '์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๋‹ค', ์ฆ‰ '์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ
05:55
the next verb has to be in the gerund form: He'sย  used to, or He's accustomed to, working in aย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ํ˜•์‹์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. He's to, ๋˜๋Š” He's accommon to, work in a
06:03
noisy office. Note 2: Obviously a phrasal verbย  always ends in a preposition, so if you have aย ย 
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์‹œ๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ  2: ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
06:13
second verb after a conjugated phrasal verb, it'sย  usually also with 'ing'. For example: I carried onย ย 
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ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ 'ing'๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ: ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ฑ…์„
06:21
reading. And the final note: Because it's a commonย  mistake I hear, I thought I'd point it out here:ย ย 
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์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ฐธ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํ•ญ: ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ”ํžˆ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
Make sure you don't answer a 'why'ย  question with 'for doing'. For example,ย ย 
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'์™œ'๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— 'for do'๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
06:36
if we say 'Why are you studying English?', don'tย  say 'For improving my career prospects.' It is 'Toย ย 
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'์™œ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด '๋‚ด ์ง์—… ์ „๋ง์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. '
06:45
improve my career prospects'. You have to useย  the infinitive form of the verb when you giveย ย 
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๋‚ด ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ ์ „๋ง์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค
06:51
the reason for doing something, the goal, theย  objective. Right! One more I think, yeah. No,ย ย 
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์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ , ๋ชฉํ‘œ, ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ! ๋‚ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋”, ๋„ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”,
07:00
two more. The third category, obviously, is afterย  these common verbs and expressions. Again, this isย ย 
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ ๋”์š”. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋’ค์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Š”
07:08
not an exhaustive list, but the most common onesย  that you're likely to use yourself, and the onesย ย 
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์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ชฉ๋ก์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ง์ ‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ๋ก๊ณผ
07:14
that I hear the mistakes with. So again here, youย  will have to review them and then gradually relyย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ๋กœ๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชฉ๋ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ
07:21
on your memory to remember. The ones I haveย  chosen for you to actively work on are: risk,ย ย 
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๊ธฐ์–ต์— ์˜์กดํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๋‹ค,
07:30
avoid, recommend, suggest, stop, finish, enjoy,ย  mind, consider, quit, keep, and involve, and thenย ย 
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ํšŒํ”ผํ•˜๋‹ค, ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๋‹ค, ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋‹ค, ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค, ๋๋‚ด๋‹ค, ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋‹ค, ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘๋‹ค, ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๋‹ค, ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค, ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '
07:44
the phrases 'can't stand', 'can't help', 'haveย  difficulty or problems', and 'spend' or 'waste'ย ย 
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๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค', ' ๋„์™€์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค', ' ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค', '์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•˜๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” '๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•˜๋‹ค
07:52
time'. These are common verbs and expressionsย  you use, so you could try and remember theseย ย 
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'. ์ด๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋ชฉ๋ก
07:59
particularly; not the whole list because the listย  can be quite long if you want to memorise all ofย ย 
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์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ์™ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชฉ๋ก์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ธธ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ๋ชฉ๋ก์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:06
them. For example then: He risks losing his placeย  in the finals. Right, and one little one where,ย ย 
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์Šน์ „์—์„œ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์„ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
08:15
again, I sometimes hear mistakes being made isย  if you use 'go' with an activity, you should useย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋” ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์— 'go'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
08:22
the gerund, not the infinitive. So: I could haveย  gone jogging yesterday. NOT I could have gone,ย ย 
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: ์–ด์ œ ์กฐ๊น…ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ . ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”,
08:29
excuse me, to jog yesterday. Right, what elseย  have I got to say? Yes, so finally of course,ย ย 
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์–ด์ œ ์กฐ๊น…ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ตฐ์š”. ๋˜ ๋ฌด์Šจ ํ•  ๋ง์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์˜ˆ, ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
08:38
English being English, having gone through all theย  rules, there are also a few verbs, not many, thatย ย 
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์˜์–ด๋Š” ์˜์–ด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
08:44
you can use either with 'to do' or 'doing', andย  I've got two categories here for you. One is whenย ย 
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'to do' ๋˜๋Š” 'doing'๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋„ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŽ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด. ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
08:54
you use 'to do' or 'doing', and you don't changeย  the meaning at all, so the exact same meaning,ย ย 
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'to do' ๋˜๋Š” 'doing'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ
09:01
and there are three verbs here: start, begin,ย  and continue. So, it doesn't make any differenceย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” start, start, continue๋ผ๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ
09:08
whether you say 'We started to climb the hill.'ย  or ' We started climbing the hill.' Same meaning:ย ย 
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ธ๋•์„ ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ธ๋•์„ ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ:ย ย  ๋‘˜
09:15
both are correct; both are equally common to use.ย  The next group in this category are: like, hate,ย ย 
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๋‹ค ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ์ข‹์•„์š”, ์‹ซ์–ดํ•จ,
09:24
and prefer. So usually, especially in Britishย  English, we use the 'ing' form: doing, the gerund,ย ย 
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๋ฐ ์„ ํ˜ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ, ํŠนํžˆ ์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ 'ing' ํ˜•์‹(doing, ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:32
with these verbs. So: I like / hate / preferย  swimming. But, you may also hear 'to swim' withoutย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค/์‹ซ์–ด์š”/์„ ํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  'to swim'์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:39
changing the meaning at all. That's probably moreย  common in American English. But an important noteย ย 
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. ์ด๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€
09:46
here is that if you add 'would' to these threeย  verbs, you change the idea from a general like,ย ย 
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์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋™์‚ฌ์— 'would'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ข‹์•„ํ•จ,
09:56
dislike, or preference to a dislike or a likeย  or a preference that you are experiencing at theย ย 
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์‹ซ์–ดํ•จ ๋˜๋Š” ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„์—์„œ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•จ ๋˜๋Š” ์ข‹์•„ํ•จ ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„๋กœ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
moment, and in that case, you can only use 'toย  do'. So, don't say 'I would hate interruptingย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 'toย do'๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ '๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ซ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:12
you.' but 'I would hate to interrupt you.' asย  that's a specific case here. And now the otherย ย 
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.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ '๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ์ด๋Š”ย ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
10:21
category: when we can use both 'to do' or 'doing',ย  but where here the meaning changes. There are twoย ย 
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์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'to do' ๋˜๋Š” 'doing'์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
verbs I'd like to point out to you here. The firstย  one is 'remember'. 'remember' has two meanings.ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” '๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋‹ค'๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋œป์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
The first meaning is 'not to forget', the oppositeย  of 'forget'. But, it has a second meaning, whichย ย 
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” '์žŠ๋‹ค' ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋ง์ธ '์žŠ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” 'ํšŒ์ƒ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:43
is 'recall'. So, if it's 'not to forget', thenย  it's with 'infinitive with to': I must rememberย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 'not to ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋‹ค'๋ผ๋ฉดย  'to ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜'๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. I must Remember
10:52
to put my glasses in my bag; I must not forget.ย  But, when it's 'recall', it's: I remember puttingย ย 
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to put my Glasses in my bag; ์žŠ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 'ํšŒ์ƒ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
11:01
my glasses in my bag last night, but they're notย  here now. So here, you recall doing something inย ย 
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์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ์•ˆ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์— ๋„ฃ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:10
the past. So, the form changes depending on whichย  meaning you have. And, the final verb or theย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ,
11:19
second verb in this category where the meaningย  changes is 'regret'. You can use 'regret' toย ย 
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์ด ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'ํ›„ํšŒํ•˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'ํ›„ํšŒ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ
11:27
express that you are sorry for the action you areย  going to take or sorry for an action that you haveย ย 
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์ทจํ•  ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป ์ด๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ทจํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:34
already taken. For the first case, it's with theย  'infinitive with to': I regret to tell you this,ย ย 
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. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” '๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ with to'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์œ ๊ฐ
11:43
but ... It's now a regret you have for theย  action you're going to take. But, if it's anย ย 
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์ด์ง€๋งŒ,ย ... ์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ทจํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ›„ํšŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
11:50
action you took in the past, then it changes toย  'ing', so it's: I regret telling her that joke.ย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ทจํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋ผ๋ฉด 'ing'์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋†๋‹ด์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ›„ํšŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:59
So, that's all for the rules and the differentย  categories. So obviously, this needs a lot ofย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งŽ์€
12:05
revision, and then gradually through revision,ย  through writing your own examples, and throughย ย 
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์ˆ˜์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ 
12:11
exposure to many examples, they will becomeย  reflexive, automatic. Be patient! Give yourselfย ย 
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๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ธ์ถœ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ž๋™์ ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€์„ธ์š”! ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ
12:18
time. One last thing I'd like to mention is thatย  this form 'doing' is not just a gerund form. Youย ย 
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ ์€ ์ด 'doing' ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
also see the form 'doing' in Continuous tenses orย  as an adjective. It's not the same thing. 'doing'ย ย 
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์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ด๋‚˜ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋กœ 'doing'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'doing'์€
12:39
is not called a gerund when it's in a tenseย  or in an adjective. It's called the 'presentย ย 
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์‹œ์ œ๋‚˜ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ผ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . 'ํ˜„์žฌ
12:44
participle'. So, if you look at this sentence, weย  had it before: Walking in nature ..., 'walking' isย ย 
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๋ถ„์‚ฌ'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด์ „์—๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Walking in nature ..., 'walking'์€
12:52
the gerund here because it's the noun, it's theย  subject of the verb, ... is becoming popular.ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ...๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
'becoming' is not the gerund; this is the Presentย  Continuous tense, and the 'becoming' part of it isย ย 
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'๋˜๊ธฐ'๋Š” ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ด๊ณ , '๋˜๊ธฐ' ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„
13:06
called 'present participle'. It's the same if youย  use an adjective, for example: Walking in natureย ย 
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'ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์—ฐ ์†์—์„œ ๊ฑท๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
13:13
is energising.' 'walking' is the gerund form butย  'energising' is 'present participle', which isย ย 
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ํ™œ๋ ฅ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' 'walking'์€ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌํ˜•์ด์ง€๋งŒ 'energising'์€ 'ํ˜„์žฌ๋ถ„์‚ฌ'
13:22
being used here as a 'participle adjective'. So,ย  I thought, because that question comes up as well,ย ย 
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๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” '๋ถ„์‚ฌ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ'๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋„ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
13:29
so I hope that clarifies that 'doing' has twoย  different, falls into two different, categories:ย ย 
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'doing'์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
13:37
the gerund or the present participle. All right!ย  That brings me to the end of this session,ย ย 
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๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์— ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€! ์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์„ธ์…˜,
13:44
this lesson. I hope it's been helpful. As I said,ย  you do need to revise it a few times, make someย ย 
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ณ 
13:50
notes for yourself, and just don't worry aboutย  making mistakes with gerund and infinitive forย ย 
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์ง์ ‘ ๋ฉ”๋ชจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”
13:56
the moment. They will become active in your spokenย  English and written English. I hope you've enjoyedย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์˜์–ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ์™€ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:04
this lesson. For more on this topic, click here.ย  Remember to also check out my complete onlineย ย 
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ย ย ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์› ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ œ ์ „์ฒด ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ฐ•์ขŒ๋„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ณ  ์ข‹์•„์š”
14:10
course, and don't forget to like and subscribe.ย  Thank you for watching and happy studies!
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์™€ ๊ตฌ๋…๋„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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