What's The Difference? English Prepositions BY | FROM | OF

369,102 views ・ 2023-11-28

mmmEnglish


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Hey there I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”, μ €λŠ” mmmEnglish의 Emmaμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€!
00:04
Today we're going to learn about
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μ˜€λŠ˜μ€
00:06
three important prepositions in English grammar.
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μ˜μ–΄ λ¬Έλ²•μ—μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬ 3가지에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ°°μ›Œλ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:09
You'll learn the difference between the preposition by,
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μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬ by,
00:12
the preposition from
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μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬ from,
00:14
and the preposition of.
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μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬ of의 차이점을 배우게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:16
And in English, they can be prepositions of time,
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그리고 μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œλŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ˜ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬μΌ μˆ˜λ„ 있고,
00:19
they can be prepositions of place, of movement
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μž₯μ†Œμ˜ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬μΌ μˆ˜λ„ 있고, μ›€μ§μž„μ˜ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬μΌ μˆ˜λ„
00:22
but actually
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μžˆμ§€λ§Œ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ
00:24
several languages have only one word
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λͺ‡λͺ‡ μ–Έμ–΄μ—μ„œλŠ” 이 μ„Έ 가지 μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 단 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λ‹¨μ–΄λ§Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:27
for all three of these prepositions.
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.
00:29
So it's really easy to see how by, from and of
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œ by, from 및 ofλ₯Ό
00:33
can be a little confusing when you try to use them in English.
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μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•˜λ©΄ μ•½κ°„ ν˜Όλž€μŠ€λŸ¬μšΈ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ‰½κ²Œ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
But not anymore!
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 더 이상은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€!
00:38
I'll show you when to use them and how to use each
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μ–Έμ œ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ 그리고 각 μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:42
of these prepositions.
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00:43
Plus, there's a quiz at the end of this lesson
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€, 이 μˆ˜μ—… λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μ—λŠ”
00:46
to test what you know and make sure you're using these
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당신이 μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” 것을 ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈν•˜κ³ 
00:49
prepositions correctly in your English sentences.
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μ˜μ–΄ λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬λ₯Ό μ˜¬λ°”λ₯΄κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€ ν™•μΈν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ ν€΄μ¦ˆκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
Excuse my casual attire today, it is extremely hot.
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μ˜€λŠ˜μ€ 평상볡 차림인데 정말 λ₯λ„€μš”.
00:58
Thirty-eight degrees.
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38도.
00:59
Not ideal for filming but let's give it a shot anyway.
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μ΄¬μ˜μ— μ ν•©ν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ§€λ§Œ μ–΄μ¨Œλ“  ν•œλ²ˆ μ‹œλ„ν•΄ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
Which of these prepositions is the most difficult
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λ‹€μŒ 쀑 κ·€ν•˜κ°€ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ° κ°€μž₯ μ–΄λ €μš΄ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬λŠ” λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ
01:10
for you to use?
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?
01:12
Let me know down in the comments.
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λŒ“κΈ€λ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
01:14
Let's start today's lesson by reviewing each of these
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각 μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬λ₯Ό κ°œλ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ λ³΅μŠ΅ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ 였늘의 μˆ˜μ—…μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:17
prepositions individually.
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01:20
After that, we'll take a look at some of the cases where
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κ·Έ ν›„,
01:23
all three of these prepositions are possible
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이 μ„Έ 가지 μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬κ°€ λͺ¨λ‘ κ°€λŠ₯
01:26
but the meaning
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 의미
01:27
or the way that it's used is slightly different.
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λ‚˜ μ‚¬μš© 방식이 μ•½κ°„ λ‹€λ₯Έ 경우λ₯Ό λͺ‡ 가지 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬ ofλ₯Ό
01:30
There are lots of different ways to use the
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μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” λ°©λ²•μ—λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬ 가지가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:33
preposition of in English.
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01:35
Today, we're going to look at the top four most
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μ˜€λŠ˜μ€
01:38
common uses, starting with
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01:41
possession and belonging.
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μ†Œμœ μ™€ μ†Œμ†μ„ μ‹œμž‘μœΌλ‘œ κ°€μž₯ 일반적인 λ„€ 가지 μš©λ„λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
So, we use of to show a relationship of possession
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 두 λͺ…사 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ μ†Œμœ  λ˜λŠ” μ†Œμ† 관계λ₯Ό ν‘œμ‹œν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ofλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:47
or belonging between two nouns.
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01:50
Members of the club get free parking.
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클럽 νšŒμ›μ—κ²ŒλŠ” 무료 μ£Όμ°¨κ°€ μ œκ³΅λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
Charles became the King of England.
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μ°°μŠ€λŠ” 영ꡭ의 왕이 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
And this is similar to the way that we use apostrophe S
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그리고 μ΄λŠ”
02:00
or the possessive S in English.
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μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œ μ•„ν¬μŠ€νŠΈλ‘œν”Ό Sλ‚˜ μ†Œμœ κ²© Sλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방식과 μœ μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
My friend's mother is Indonesian.
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λ‚΄ 친ꡬ의 μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ” μΈλ„λ„€μ‹œμ•„ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄μ—μš”.
02:06
So the apostrophe S
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ•„ν¬μŠ€νŠΈλ‘œν”Ό SλŠ”
02:08
shows that the mother belongs to the friend.
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μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆκ°€ 친ꡬ의 κ²ƒμž„μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
We can use of to recreate this same sentence but keep
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ofλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ™μΌν•œ λ¬Έμž₯을 λ‹€μ‹œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
02:15
the exact same meaning.
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μ •ν™•νžˆ λ™μΌν•œ 의미λ₯Ό μœ μ§€ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
The mother of my friend is Indonesian.
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λ‚΄ 친ꡬ의 μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ” μΈλ„λ„€μ‹œμ•„ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄μ—μš”.
02:21
So in this version, of indicates
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 이 λ²„μ „μ—μ„œ ofλŠ”
02:23
the relationship between the friend and the mother.
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μΉœκ΅¬μ™€ μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆμ˜ 관계λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:27
This construction with of is very common
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ofλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ΅¬μ‘°λŠ”
02:30
in languages like German
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독일어와 같은 μ–Έμ–΄μ—μ„œλŠ” 맀우 μΌλ°˜μ μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
02:32
but in English, it is much more common to use that
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μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œλŠ”
02:35
possessive apostrophe S when we're talking about people
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μ‚¬λžŒμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 말할 λ•Œ μ†Œμœ κ²© μ•„ν¬μŠ€νŠΈλ‘œν”Ό Sλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©
02:41
and use of when we're talking about things.
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ν•˜κ³  사물에 λŒ€ν•΄ 말할 λ•Œ ofλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것이 훨씬 더 μΌλ°˜μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
Sarah's house is down the road.
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μ‚¬λΌμ˜ 집은 κΈΈ μ•„λž˜μ— μžˆμ–΄μš”.
02:48
Rather than:
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였히렀:
02:49
The house of Sarah is down the road.
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μ‚¬λΌμ˜ 집은 κΈΈ μ•„λž˜μ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:52
The colour of her hair was amazing.
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 머리 색깔은 정말 λ†€λΌμ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
Rather than:
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였히렀:
02:56
Her hair's colour was amazing.
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 머리 색깔은 정말 λ†€λΌμ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹¨μœ„λ‚˜ μ–‘, μ‚¬λ¬Όμ˜ 수λ₯Ό
02:59
We use of in quantifying expressions that describe
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λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” μˆ˜λŸ‰ν™” ν‘œν˜„μ—λŠ” ofλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:03
a unit or an amount or a number of something.
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03:07
This is really common with uncountable nouns.
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μ΄λŠ” μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…μ‚¬μ—μ„œ ν”νžˆ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” ν˜„μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…사λ₯Ό
03:10
When we need a way of measuring or counting
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μΈ‘μ •ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ…€ 수 μžˆλŠ” 방법이 ν•„μš”ν•  λ•Œ
03:14
an uncountable noun,
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03:15
we'll say something like:
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λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같이 말할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
A cup of flour.
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A cup of flour.
03:20
A grain of sand.
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λͺ¨λž˜μ•Œ.
03:22
A drop of rain.
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λΉ„κ°€ ν•œ 방울.
03:24
Thirty per cent of the population.
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인ꡬ의 30%μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
All of these nouns are uncountable
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이 λͺ…μ‚¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ μ…€ 수 μ—†μœΌλ―€λ‘œ
03:30
so to describe how much there is,
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€μ§€ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λ €λ©΄
03:33
we need one of those quantifying expressions.
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μˆ˜λŸ‰ν™” ν‘œν˜„ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
A cup of, a grain of, a drop of, thirty per cent of.
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ν•œ μ»΅, ν•œ μ•Œ, ν•œ 방울, μ‚Όμ‹­ νΌμ„ΌνŠΈ.
03:43
And we use of to explain the amount of
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그리고 μ…€ 수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ…μ‚¬μ˜ 양을 μ„€λͺ…ν•  λ•Œλ„ ofλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:47
countable nouns as well.
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.
03:48
There were hundreds of people at the airport.
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κ³΅ν•­μ—λŠ” 수백 λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
There are millions of stars in the Milky Way.
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μ€ν•˜μˆ˜μ—λŠ” 수백만 개의 별이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
We can use of to describe the contents of something.
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ofλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ–΄λ–€ κ²ƒμ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
What's inside a box or
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μƒμžλ‚˜
04:02
a packet or a container of something.
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νŒ¨ν‚·, 무언가가 λ‹΄κΈ΄ 용기 μ•ˆμ— 무엇이 λ“€μ–΄μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
04:05
A bag of chips.
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μΉ© ν•œ 봉지.
04:07
A bottle of water.
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λ¬Ό ν•œλ³‘.
04:09
A book of poetry.
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μ‹œμ§‘.
04:13
A box of clothes.
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옷 μƒμž.
04:15
And finally, for the fourth most common way
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ, ofλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” λ„€ 번째둜 κ°€μž₯ 일반적인 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ
04:18
of using of,
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, μ–΄λ–€ κ²ƒμ˜
04:20
we use of in expressions to show the exact
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μ •ν™•ν•œ μœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό ν‘œμ‹œν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν‘œν˜„μ‹μ— ofλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:24
position of something.
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.
04:25
The top of your head.
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머리 κΌ­λŒ€κΈ°.
04:28
The back of the bus.
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λ²„μŠ€μ˜ λ’·λ©΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:31
The side of the house.
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μ§‘μ˜ μΈ‘λ©΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
The corner of the street.
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거리 λͺ¨ν‰μ΄.
04:36
The front of the queue.
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λŒ€κΈ°μ—΄μ˜ μ•žλΆ€λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
I know how much prepositions frustrate you
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04:42
especially when you're trying to move from B1
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특히 B1μ—μ„œ
04:45
into B2 or C1 levels
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B2 λ˜λŠ” C1 레벨둜 μ΄λ™ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•  λ•Œ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬κ°€ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ μ’Œμ ˆκ°μ„ μ£ΌλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œκ³ 
04:48
and yet you're still making mistakes with these little words.
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μžˆμ§€λ§Œ μ—¬μ „νžˆ 이 짧은 λ‹¨μ–΄λ‘œ μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό 저지λ₯΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:52
I've designed my Preposition 8x8 Course as a step-by-step
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μ €λŠ”
04:57
guide for intermediate to advanced English learners
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쀑급 및 κ³ κΈ‰ μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μžκ°€
05:00
to go beyond the basics and learn eight different ways
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기본을 λ„˜μ–΄
05:05
to use eight prepositions in everyday spoken English.
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일상 λŒ€ν™”μ—μ„œ 8가지 μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 8가지 방법을 배울 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬ 8x8 μ½”μŠ€λ₯Ό μ„€κ³„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:09
In the course, you'll learn advanced word patterns
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이 κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œλŠ”
05:12
that will take your skills to the next level.
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κ·€ν•˜μ˜ κΈ°μˆ μ„ λ‹€μŒ λ‹¨κ³„λ‘œ λŒμ–΄μ˜¬λ¦΄ 수 μžˆλŠ” κ³ κΈ‰ 단어 νŒ¨ν„΄μ„ 배우게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:15
Plus, every lesson includes an interactive
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€, λͺ¨λ“  μˆ˜μ—…μ—λŠ”
05:18
speaking practice with me.
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μ €μ™€μ˜ λŒ€ν™”ν˜• λ§ν•˜κΈ° μ—°μŠ΅μ΄ ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:20
So you'll not only study and learn about prepositions,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬μ— λŒ€ν•΄ κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜κ³  배울 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ,
05:24
you'll also practise and use them
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05:27
naturally in your spoken English.
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μ˜μ–΄ κ΅¬μ‚¬μ—μ„œλ„ μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ μ—°μŠ΅ν•˜κ³  μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:30
And guess what?
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그리고 무엇을 μΆ”μΈ‘ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
05:31
I've got a free lesson from that course
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ν•΄λ‹Ή κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ
05:34
that you can try out for yourself.
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직접 μ‹œλ„ν•΄ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” 무료 κ°•μ˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:36
All of the details are down in the description
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λͺ¨λ“  μ„ΈλΆ€ 사항은 μ„€λͺ…에 λ‚˜μ™€
05:40
but I'll also remind you about it at the end of this lesson
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μžˆμ§€λ§Œ 이 κ°•μ˜κ°€ 끝날 λ•Œ 이에 λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκΈ°μ‹œμΌœ λ“œλ¦΄ κ²ƒμ΄λ―€λ‘œ
05:43
so you can go and check it out then.
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κ·Έλ•Œ κ°€μ„œ ν™•μΈν•˜μ‹€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:45
From can be a preposition of time or of place.
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From은 μ‹œκ°„μ΄λ‚˜ μž₯μ†Œμ˜ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬μΌ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:50
As a preposition of place, it describes the place
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μž₯μ†Œμ˜ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬λ‘œμ„œ
05:53
where something starts so it links a noun.
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무언가가 μ‹œμž‘λ˜λŠ” μž₯μ†Œλ₯Ό κΈ°μˆ ν•˜λ―€λ‘œ λͺ…사λ₯Ό μ—°κ²°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:57
a person or a thing,
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μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λ‚˜ 사물을 κ·Έ
05:59
to its origin or its starting place.
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κ·Όμ›μ΄λ‚˜ μΆœλ°œμ§€λ‘œ.
06:02
He sent me a postcard from Spain.
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κ·ΈλŠ” μŠ€νŽ˜μΈμ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ μ—½μ„œλ₯Ό λ³΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:05
My friend went to Spain and sent me a postcard.
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λ‚΄ μΉœκ΅¬κ°€ μŠ€νŽ˜μΈμ— κ°€μ„œ λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ μ—½μ„œλ₯Ό λ³΄λƒˆμ–΄μš”.
06:09
The postcard started in Spain before it travelled
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μ—½μ„œλŠ” μ—¬κΈ° νΌμŠ€μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ μ „λ‹¬λ˜κΈ° 전에 μŠ€νŽ˜μΈμ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:13
to me here in Perth.
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.
06:15
That hot wind is coming from the north.
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κ·Έ 뜨거운 λ°”λžŒμ€ 뢁μͺ½μ—μ„œ 였고 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
06:18
So the wind originated in the north.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ°”λžŒμ€ 뢁μͺ½μ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:22
That's where it started and that's why it's so hot today.
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κ±°κΈ°μ„œλΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘λκ³  κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ˜€λŠ˜μ€ λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ”μ›Œμš”.
06:25
The bread is from the bakery on High Street.
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빡은 ν•˜μ΄ μŠ€νŠΈλ¦¬νŠΈμ— μžˆλŠ” λΉ΅μ§‘μ—μ„œ κ°€μ Έμ˜¨ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:29
As a preposition of time,
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μ‹œκ°„μ˜ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬λ‘œμ„œ
06:31
from shows the time when something starts.
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from은 μ–΄λ–€ 일이 μ‹œμž‘λ˜λŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:35
The shop is open from 9am.
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κ°€κ²ŒλŠ” μ˜€μ „ 9μ‹œλΆ€ν„° μ˜μ—…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:37
The opening hours start from 9, not before.
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μ˜μ—…μ‹œκ°„μ€ 9μ‹œλΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ³  κ·Έ 이전은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:41
They start at 9.
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9μ‹œλΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:43
The rules will come into place from tomorrow.
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κ·œμΉ™μ€ 내일뢀터 μ μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:46
So the rules start tomorrow, not before.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ κ·œμΉ™μ€ 이전이 μ•„λ‹Œ 내일뢀터 μ‹œμž‘λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:51
The sculpture dates from the 17th century.
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μ‘°κ°ν’ˆμ€ 17세기에 μ œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:55
The sculpture was made in the 17th century and that's
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이 μ‘°κ°ν’ˆμ€ 17세기에 μ œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©°
06:59
when it started to exist.
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κ·Έλ•ŒλΆ€ν„° μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:02
And finally, from is a preposition of distance
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ from은
07:06
in both time and space.
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μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό 곡간 λͺ¨λ‘μ—μ„œ 거리λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:08
The beach is five kilometres from here.
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해변은 μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ 5km λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:11
The airport is seven kilometres from the city.
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곡항은 λ„μ‹œμ—μ„œ 7km λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:15
So from indicates the distance between these two places.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ from은 이 두 μž₯μ†Œ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 거리λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:19
But we can also express distance in time.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‹œκ°„μ μœΌλ‘œ 거리λ₯Ό ν‘œν˜„ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:22
I'll set an alarm for five hours from now.
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μ§€κΈˆλΆ€ν„° 5μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ μ•ŒλžŒμ„ μ„€μ •ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:26
So five hours into the future.
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그럼 5μ‹œκ°„ ν›„μ˜ 미래.
07:28
Five hours after or later than now.
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μ§€κΈˆλ³΄λ‹€ 5μ‹œκ°„ ν›„ λ˜λŠ” κ·Έ 이후.
07:31
And that brings us to by.
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그리고 그것은 우리λ₯Ό λ°λ €μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:34
By is another really versatile preposition.
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ByλŠ” 정말 λ‹€μž¬λ‹€λŠ₯ν•œ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:38
It can be used in lots of different ways
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그것은 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©λ  수
07:40
but the main way that we use the preposition by is to indicate
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μžˆμ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μ£Όμš” 방법은
07:45
the person or the thing that completes an action.
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행동을 μ™„λ£Œν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λ‚˜ 사물을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:49
So you could say that it introduces the doer
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 행동을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•œλ‹€κ³  말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:52
of an action.
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.
07:53
A book by a famous author.
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유λͺ… μž‘κ°€μ˜ μ±….
07:56
Who wrote the book?
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κ·Έ 책은 λˆ„κ°€ μΌλ‚˜μš”?
07:59
A famous author.
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유λͺ…ν•œ μž‘κ°€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:00
A painting by Picasso.
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ν”ΌμΉ΄μ†Œμ˜ κ·Έλ¦Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:03
Picasso is the doer.
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ν”ΌμΉ΄μ†ŒλŠ” ν–‰λ™ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λ‹€.
08:05
He painted the picture.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 그림을 κ·Έλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:06
We use by like this quite a lot in passive sentences.
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μˆ˜λ™νƒœ λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œλŠ” byλ₯Ό 이런 μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 많이 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:11
So when you want to introduce the doer of an action
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μˆ˜λ™νƒœ λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ ν–‰μœ„μžλ₯Ό μ†Œκ°œν•˜κ³  싢을 λ•ŒλŠ”
08:14
in a passive sentence, use by.
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byλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
08:17
The car was driven by a woman with blue hair.
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κ·Έ μ°¨λŠ” νŒŒλž€ 머리의 여성이 μš΄μ „ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:21
I was shocked by what I saw on the news.
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λ‰΄μŠ€μ—μ„œ λ³Έ λ‚΄μš©μ— 좩격을 λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:24
By can also describe a method.
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ByλŠ” 방법을 μ„€λͺ…ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:27
It can indicate how something is done.
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μ΄λŠ” μž‘μ—…μ΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜λŠ”μ§€ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:30
The ring was made by hand.
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λ°˜μ§€λŠ” μ†μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:33
We travelled by train.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 기차둜 μ—¬ν–‰ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:36
She improved her English by reading the newspaper.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 신문을 μ½μœΌλ©΄μ„œ μ˜μ–΄ μ‹€λ ₯을 ν–₯μƒμ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:39
So in all of these examples, by describes a method
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 이 λͺ¨λ“  μ˜ˆμ—μ„œ byλŠ”
08:44
of completing an action.
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μž‘μ—…μ„ μ™„λ£Œν•˜λŠ” 방법을 μ„€λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:46
How did we travel?
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ—¬ν–‰ν–ˆλ‚˜μš”?
08:48
By train.
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기차둜.
08:49
How did she improve her English?
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ˜μ–΄ μ‹€λ ₯을 ν–₯μƒμ‹œμΌ°λ‚˜μš”?
08:52
By reading the newspaper.
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신문을 읽음으둜써.
08:54
When by is a preposition of place, it means near or
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byκ°€ μž₯μ†Œμ˜ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬μΈ 경우, μ΄λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ κ²ƒμ˜ 근처 λ˜λŠ” μ˜†μ„ μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:59
to the side of something.
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.
09:02
She lives by a park
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ 곡원 μ˜†μ— μ‚°λ‹€λŠ” 것은
09:03
means she lives near or next to a park.
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곡원 κ·Όμ²˜λ‚˜ μ˜†μ— μ‚°λ‹€λŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:07
Frankie is always by my side.
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ν”„λž­ν‚€λŠ” 항상 λ‚΄ 곁에 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
09:11
Frankie stays close.
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ν”„λž­ν‚€λŠ” κ°€κΉŒμ΄μ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:13
She stays next to me.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ‚΄ μ˜†μ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:14
When by is a preposition of time, it means not later than.
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byκ°€ μ‹œκ°„μ˜ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬μΈ κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” λŠ¦μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:20
So at or before.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ˜λŠ” κ·Έ 이전에.
09:24
Imaginary watch.
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μƒμƒμ˜ μ‹œκ³„.
09:26
They're usually home by nine.
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그듀은 보톡 9μ‹œμ―€ 집에 μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:29
They get home at nine or maybe sometimes before nine
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그듀은 9μ‹œμ— 집에 μ˜€κ±°λ‚˜ λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” 9μ‹œ 이전에 집에 μ˜€μ§€λ§Œ
09:34
but not after nine.
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9μ‹œ μ΄ν›„μ—λŠ” 그렇지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. by와 Until의
09:37
I've got another lesson that dives into the difference
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차이점에 λŒ€ν•΄ μžμ„Ένžˆ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄λŠ” 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ κ°•μ˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:40
between by and until.
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.
09:43
It's right up here and it's quite useful
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λ°”λ‘œ μ—¬κΈ° 있고
09:44
when we're talking about using by related to time.
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μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ by μ‚¬μš©μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ 맀우 μœ μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:49
And finally we can use by to indicate measurements
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ byλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μΈ‘μ •κ°’
09:53
and amounts.
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κ³Ό κΈˆμ•‘μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:55
The room is three metres by four.
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방은 3λ―Έν„° x 4λ―Έν„°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:58
Sea levels rose by twenty centimetres.
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ν•΄μˆ˜λ©΄μ΄ 20μ„Όν‹°λ―Έν„° μƒμŠΉν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:02
They sell oil by the barrel.
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그듀은 배럴 λ‹¨μœ„λ‘œ μ„μœ λ₯Ό νŒλ§€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:04
Now, if only it was that simple.
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이제 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ κ°„λ‹¨ν•˜λ‹€λ©΄.
10:08
But English prepositions are tricky little things.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ˜μ–΄ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬λŠ” κΉŒλ‹€λ‘­μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:12
So let's go a little bit deeper into those moments
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그럼
10:14
where you need to choose between by, from and of.
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by, from, of 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό 선택해야 ν•˜λŠ” μˆœκ°„μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ’€ 더 μžμ„Ένžˆ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:20
A book by James Clear
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James Clear의 책은
10:22
is a book written by James Clear.
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James Clearκ°€ μ“΄ μ±…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:25
He wrote this book.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 이 책을 μΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:27
It's a book by him.
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κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ“΄ μ±…μ΄μ—μš”.
10:29
But a book from James Clear is a book
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그런데 μ œμž„μŠ€ 클리어가 μ“΄ 책은
10:33
that James Clear gave me, right?
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μ œμž„μŠ€ 클리어가 λ‚˜ν•œν…Œ μ€€ μ±… 맞죠?
10:36
So in this case, he is the starting point of the book.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” κ·Έκ°€ μ±…μ˜ μΆœλ°œμ μ΄λ‹€.
10:40
It's where it came from.
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그것이 λ‚˜μ˜¨ κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:42
But a book of James Clear's is a book that
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ James Clear의 책은
10:46
belongs to James Clear.
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James Clear의 μ±…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:48
Maybe he lent it to me because he wanted me to read it.
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ κ·Έ 책을 읽어보라고 ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ λΉŒλ €μ£Όμ—ˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:52
A book of James Clear's is a book that belongs to him.
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James Clear의 책은 κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ μ±…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:57
And a little earlier, we heard the example of a book
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그리고 쑰금 μ•žμ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‹œμ§‘μ˜ 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
11:01
of poetry, meaning that this book
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. 이 책은
11:05
is a collection of poetry or it contains poetry.
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μ‹œμ§‘μ΄κ±°λ‚˜ μ‹œλ₯Ό λ‹΄κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:09
Do you see how changing something as small and
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11:12
insignificant as a little preposition
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μž‘μ€ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬μ²˜λŸΌ μž‘κ³  μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 것을 λ°”κΎΈλŠ” 것이
11:15
can actually completely change the meaning of a sentence?
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ¬Έμž₯의 의미λ₯Ό μ™„μ „νžˆ λ°”κΏ€ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•„μ‹œλ‚˜μš”?
11:19
It's crazy, huh?
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미친 짓이야, 응?
11:20
And when it comes to the verb made,
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그리고 made 동사에 κ΄€ν•΄μ„œλŠ”
11:23
things get a little more complicated.
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상황이 μ’€ 더 λ³΅μž‘ν•΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:26
When we say made from, we mean that it has been
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made fromμ΄λΌλŠ” 말은 그것이
11:30
used to manufacture or to create something else.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 것을 μ œμ‘°ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ°½μ‘°ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” μ˜λ―Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έ 물건을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ
11:35
It describes that there's been a transformation
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λ³€ν˜•μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€κ³  μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”
11:38
during the process of making that object.
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.
11:40
It's changed from one thing into something else.
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그것은 ν•œ κ°€μ§€μ—μ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ°”λ€Œμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:44
Linen is made from flax.
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린넨은 μ•„λ§ˆλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:46
Or paper is made from wood pulp.
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λ˜λŠ” μ’…μ΄λŠ” λͺ©μž¬ νŽ„ν”„λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:50
In both these examples, the verb made can be substituted
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이 두 가지 예 λͺ¨λ‘μ—μ„œ made λ™μ‚¬λŠ”
11:55
for the verb manufactured.
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제쑰 λ™μ‚¬λ‘œ λŒ€μ²΄λ  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:57
When we say made of, we mean composed of.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ~둜 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘Œλ‹€κ³  말할 λ•Œ, ~둜 κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:02
So it describes the basic material of something,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 그것은
12:05
something that you can still see or touch, it still
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당신이 μ—¬μ „νžˆ λ³΄κ±°λ‚˜ 만질 수 있고 μ—¬μ „νžˆ
12:09
exists in its original form.
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μ›λž˜μ˜ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ˜ κΈ°λ³Έ 재료λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:11
Her dress is made of silk.
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ λ“œλ ˆμŠ€λŠ” μ‹€ν¬λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:14
The table is made of wood.
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ν…Œμ΄λΈ”μ€ λ‚˜λ¬΄λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:16
So in these examples, made can be substituted for composed.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 이 μ˜ˆμ—μ„œλŠ” ꡬ성을 made둜 λŒ€μ²΄ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:22
And then of course, there's made by.
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그리고 λ¬Όλ‘  made by도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:25
So by can describe
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ byλŠ”
12:27
either how something was made or who made it.
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μ–΄λ–€ 것이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘ŒλŠ”μ§€, λˆ„κ°€ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:32
The dress was made by my friend.
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κ·Έ λ“œλ ˆμŠ€λŠ” λ‚΄ μΉœκ΅¬κ°€ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ€¬μ–΄μš”.
12:35
Or the dress was made by hand.
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ λ“œλ ˆμŠ€λ₯Ό μ†μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:39
And there's one more area where I know some of you
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그리고 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ 쀑 일뢀가 μ•½κ°„ 길을 μžƒλŠ” 또 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ˜μ—­μ΄ μžˆλŠ”λ°
12:42
get a little bit lost and that's talking about
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그것은
12:45
a change in number or amount.
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μˆ«μžλ‚˜ μ–‘μ˜ 변화에 β€‹β€‹λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:48
Let me show you what I mean.
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무슨 λœ»μΈμ§€ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ§€λ‚œ 5λ…„κ°„
12:50
There has been an increase of fifteen per cent
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15% μ¦κ°€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:53
over the last five years.
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.
12:55
The price has increased by fifteen per cent over the last year.
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μž‘λ…„λ³΄λ‹€ 가격이 15%λ‚˜ μ˜¬λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:59
The price has increased from $1 to $1.15.
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가격이 1λ‹¬λŸ¬μ—μ„œ 1.15λ‹¬λŸ¬λ‘œ μΈμƒλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:04
These three sentences all convey the same information.
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이 μ„Έ λ¬Έμž₯은 λͺ¨λ‘ λ™μΌν•œ 정보λ₯Ό μ „λ‹¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:08
They're all saying pretty much the same thing.
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그듀은 λͺ¨λ‘ 거의 같은 말을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:11
So how do you know when to use of, by or from?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ–Έμ œ of, by λ˜λŠ” from을 μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ•Œ 수 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
13:17
There's a little trick to this that I want to share.
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여기에 μ œκ°€ κ³΅μœ ν•˜κ³  싢은 μ•½κ°„μ˜ 트릭이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:20
In this sentence, increase is a noun.
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이 λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ μ¦κ°€λŠ” λͺ…μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:23
An increase.
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증가.
13:25
So actually, this is a collocation
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 이것은
13:29
where we use the noun increase.
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λͺ…사 증가λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” λ°°μ—΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:31
with the preposition of.
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μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬λ‘œ.
13:33
So,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ
13:34
when increase is a noun, it's followed by of.
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증가가 λͺ…사인 경우 λ’€μ—λŠ” ofκ°€ μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:38
But here, increase is a verb.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ¦κ°€λŠ” λ™μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:42
When increase is a verb, it collocates with by.
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증가가 동사인 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” by와 ν•¨κ»˜ λ°°μΉ˜λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:46
The price has increased by fifteen per cent.
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가격이 15% μ˜¬λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:50
And here, from indicates the starting point.
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그리고 μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ from은 μ‹œμž‘μ μ„ μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:54
Prices started at one dollar and ended
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가격은 1λ‹¬λŸ¬μ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μ„œ
13:58
at one dollar fifteen.
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1λ‹¬λŸ¬ 15λ‹¬λŸ¬λ‘œ λλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:00
So there's a couple of rules here.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—λŠ” λͺ‡ 가지 κ·œμΉ™μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:03
When you're talking about a change to an amount or number,
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μ–‘μ΄λ‚˜ 숫자의 변화에 β€‹β€‹λŒ€ν•΄ 말할 λ•ŒλŠ”
14:07
then verbs like increase, rise,
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증가, μƒμŠΉ,
14:12
fall and decrease
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ν•˜λ½, κ°μ†Œμ™€ 같은 동사가
14:14
are used with the preposition by.
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μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬ by와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:17
And the nouns of these same verbs, an increase,
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그리고 이 같은 λ™μ‚¬μ˜ λͺ…사, 증가,
14:22
a rise, a fall,
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증가, κ°μ†Œ,
14:25
a decrease,
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κ°μ†ŒλŠ”
14:27
these all collocate with the preposition of.
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λͺ¨λ‘ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬ of와 ν•¨κ»˜ λ°°μΉ˜λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:30
Now these ones are all extra tricky because the noun
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λͺ…사
14:34
and the verb forms are exactly the same.
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와 동사 ν˜•νƒœκ°€ μ •ν™•νžˆ λ™μΌν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 이것듀은 λͺ¨λ‘ λ”μš± κΉŒλ‹€λ‘­μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:37
Thank you very much English!
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μ˜μ–΄ 정말 κ³ λ§ˆμ›Œμš”!
14:40
So just make sure you're paying attention to the
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ
14:43
structure of the sentence.
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λ¬Έμž₯의 ꡬ쑰에 주의λ₯Ό κΈ°μšΈμ΄μ„Έμš”.
14:45
Look out for the article.
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기사λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
14:47
That's your clue that it's a noun rather than a verb.
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그것이 동사가 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λͺ…μ‚¬λΌλŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆλŠ” λ‹¨μ„œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:50
I'll give you one more example.
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ν•œ 가지 예λ₯Ό 더 λ“€μ–΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:53
Water levels fell by one metre.
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μˆ˜μœ„κ°€ 1λ―Έν„°λ‚˜ λ–¨μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:57
We have our verb, by and then the amount.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 동사 by와 κΈˆμ•‘μ„ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:01
Experts noticed a fall of one metre in the water level.
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전문가듀은 μˆ˜μœ„κ°€ 1λ―Έν„° κ°μ†Œν•œ 것을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:07
So we have noun, of and then the amount.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ λͺ…사 of와 κΈˆμ•‘μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:12
Okay let's test your skills with a quick
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자, κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬ ν€΄μ¦ˆλ‘œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ μ‹€λ ₯을 ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈν•΄ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
15:15
prepositions quiz.
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.
15:18
Choose the correct preposition.
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μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬λ₯Ό μ„ νƒν•˜μ„Έμš”.
15:19
Of,
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의,
15:21
from or by.
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μ—μ„œ λ˜λŠ” μ˜ν•΄.
15:29
The house is made of bricks.
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집은 벽돌둜 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:37
Plastic is made from oil.
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ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±μ€ μ„μœ λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:47
The number of visitors to the National Park has increased
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ꡭ립곡원 방문객 μˆ˜κ°€
15:51
from 300 per week to 1500.
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μ£Όλ‹Ή 300λͺ…μ—μ„œ 1,500λͺ…μœΌλ‘œ λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:01
The cake is a gift from my mum.
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μΌ€μ΄ν¬λŠ” μ—„λ§ˆκ°€ μ£Όμ‹  μ„ λ¬Όμ΄μ—μš”.
16:10
The cost of airfares has increased
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ν•­κ³΅λ£ŒλŠ”
16:13
by 15% over the past three years.
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μ§€λ‚œ 3λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 15%λ‚˜ 인상됐닀. μ—¬ν–‰ 쀑에
16:22
I sent my mum a Christmas card from Germany
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λ…μΌμ—μ„œ μ—„λ§ˆμ—κ²Œ 크리슀마슀 μΉ΄λ“œλ₯Ό λ³΄λƒˆμ–΄μš”
16:26
while I was travelling.
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.
16:34
The chair is made of plastic.
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μ˜μžλŠ” ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:42
The lasagna was made by my mum.
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λΌμžλƒλŠ” μ—„λ§ˆκ°€ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ£Όμ…¨μ–΄μš”.
16:45
I hope this lesson was interesting and that it
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이번 μˆ˜μ—…μ΄ ν₯λ―Έλ‘œμ› κ³ 
16:48
helped to make these three important prepositions
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이 μ„Έ 가지 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬λ₯Ό
16:51
a little easier to understand.
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μ’€ 더 μ‰½κ²Œ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움이 λ˜μ—ˆκΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:54
Make sure you head over to the mmmEnglish website
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mmmEnglish μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλ‘œ κ°€μ„œ
16:57
and check out my courses.
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제 κ°•μ’Œλ₯Ό 확인해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
16:58
They go into much more detail about prepositions
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17:02
and how to use them
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17:03
than anything you'll find here on YouTube.
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μ—¬κΈ° YouTubeμ—μ„œ 찾을 수 μžˆλŠ” 것보닀 μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬ 및 μ‚¬μš©λ²•μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 훨씬 더 μžμ„Ένžˆ μ„€λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:05
And you can check out the rest of the Prepositions course
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그리고 그곳에 κ³„μ‹œλŠ” λ™μ•ˆ λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬ 과정도 ν™•μΈν•˜μ‹€ 수
17:08
while you're there and get a special offer
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있고
17:11
for all of my gorgeous mmmEnglish students.
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μ €μ˜ 멋진 mmmEnglish 학생듀을 μœ„ν•œ νŠΉλ³„ μ œμ•ˆλ„ λ°›μœΌμ‹€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:14
The links and details are all in the description below
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링크와 μžμ„Έν•œ λ‚΄μš©μ€ μ•„λž˜ μ„€λͺ…에 λͺ¨λ‘ λ‚˜μ™€ μžˆκ±°λ‚˜
17:18
or head over to the mmmEnglish website.
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mmmEnglish μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλ₯Ό λ°©λ¬Έν•˜μ„Έμš”.
17:20
I'll see you there!
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κ±°κΈ°μ„œ 봐!
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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