How to Fight for Democracy in the Shadow of Autocracy | Fatma Karume | TED

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2024-05-22 ใƒป TED


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How to Fight for Democracy in the Shadow of Autocracy | Fatma Karume | TED

32,872 views ใƒป 2024-05-22

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Daeun Choi ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:04
The two most commonly used words to describe Tanzania until 2016
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2016๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
00:11
were "peaceful" and "poor."
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โ€˜ํ‰ํ™”๋กœ์šดโ€˜๊ณผ โ€˜๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œโ€™์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:13
From 1992,
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1992๋…„, ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋‹น ๋…์žฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ
00:15
when Tanzania transformed from a single-party autocracy
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00:19
to a multi-party democracy,
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๋‹ค๋‹น์ œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋กœ ๋ณ€๋ชจํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
00:21
we became known as a "transitioning democracy
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” โ€˜์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์ด ํฐ ๊ณผ๋„๊ธฐ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€โ€™๋กœ
00:25
with a lot of potential."
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์•Œ๋ ค์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
That is a polite euphemism for an authoritarian state
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์ด๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž”ํ•™ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
ํ†ต์ œ๋œ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์‚ด์ง ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
00:33
that does not commit atrocities against its people
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00:37
and allows a modicum of controlled opposition.
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๊ถŒ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฏธํ™”ํ•ด์„œ ๋Œ๋ ค ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
I was born in Zanzibar, Tanzania,
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์ €๋Š” ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ž”์ง€๋ฐ”๋ฅด์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๊ณ 
1990๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์— ๊ธฐ์—… ์†Œ์†ก ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
and in the late 1990s I became a corporate litigator.
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00:48
By 2007,
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2007๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ €๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘์—ˆ๊ณ 
00:50
I was successful and had reported cases under my belt.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํŒ๋ก€๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
I knew that a transitioning democracy
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณผ๋„๊ธฐ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€
00:59
is nothing more than camouflage.
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ํ—ˆ์šธ์— ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
So along with my practice,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋™์‹œ์—
01:04
I had a weekly unpaid column in a daily English paper
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์ผ๊ฐ„ ์˜์ž ์‹ ๋ฌธ์— ๋งค์ฃผ ๋ฌด๋ณด์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ธ€์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
in which I espoused the importance of democracy,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ธ€์—์„œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์˜นํ˜ธํ–ˆ๊ณ 
01:13
rule of law, human rights and freedoms.
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๋ฒ•์น˜, ์ธ๊ถŒ, ์ž์œ ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ๋„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ผ์€ ์ˆœ์กฐ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๋ถ€์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ ,
01:17
I was chugging along nicely, raising a family,
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01:20
working hard and contributing to public awareness.
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์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ , ๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ์˜์‹์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
Until late 2015,
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2015๋…„ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์—
01:27
when a man named John Pombe Magufuli,
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'๋ถˆ๋„์ €'๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์กด ํผ๋ฒ  ๋งˆ๊ตฌํ’€๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”.
01:31
also known as "the bulldozer,"
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01:32
became president.
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01:34
Under him, Tanzania reverted to full-blown autocracy.
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๊ทธ์˜ ํ†ต์น˜ ์•„๋ž˜ ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„๋Š” ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋…์žฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
My anxiety spiked knowing that my life,
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์ œ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์ด
๋’ค์ง‘ํž ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์„ ๋•Œ
01:45
and that of many others in Tanzania,
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01:49
was about to be turned upside-down.
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๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ์ด ๊ทน์— ๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ‰ํ™”๋กœ์› ๋˜ ์ผ์ƒ์€ ์ˆœ์‹๊ฐ„์— ๊ณตํฌ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
My peaceful daily life quickly turned into horror.
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01:57
Every day for four years, from 2017 to 2021,
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2017๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2021๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ 4๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋งค์ผ
02:03
I lived a personal nightmare
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์•…๋ชฝ์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:05
which was played out on the public arena.
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๊ทธ ์•…๋ชฝ์€ ๊ณต์  ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ํŽผ์ณ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
My office was bombed,
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์ œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์—์„œ๋Š” ํญํƒ„์ด ํ„ฐ์กŒ๊ณ ,
02:10
a client and friend was shot 16 times,
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๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด์ž ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด์„ 16๋ฐœ ๋งž์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ,
02:14
friends and colleagues were arrested and imprisoned without due process,
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์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€ ์ ๋ฒ•ํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ ์—†์ด ์ฒดํฌ๋˜์–ด ํˆฌ์˜ฅ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
02:19
others disappeared, some were maimed.
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์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์‹ค์ข…๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์žฅ์• ์ธ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
And I became the target
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌต์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์–ธ๋ก  ๋น„๋ฐฉ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ํ‘œ์ ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
of a state-sponsored, press smear campaign.
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02:30
And the state eventually unlawfully disbarred me
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ €์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ์ž๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋„๋ก
02:34
from practicing my profession.
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๋น„ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธˆ์ง€์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
My self-image had become so enmeshed with my profession
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์ œ ์ž์•„์ƒ์€ ์ œ ์ง์—…์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์–ฝํ˜€ ์žˆ์–ด
02:41
that I didn't recognize myself anymore.
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์žƒ์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
I had to rediscover who I was.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:47
But what kept me going through those four years
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ 4๋…„์„ ๋ฒ„ํ‹ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
02:51
was one, knowing that my belief in agency and free will
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์ฒซ์งธ๋กœ, ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ž์œ  ์˜์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์—
02:56
for the people of Tanzania was echoed by millions of others.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๊ณต๊ฐํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฒ€์—ด ๋‹นํ•œ ๋’ค์—๋„ ๊ณ„์† ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์–ด์š”.
03:01
So I found a way to keep speaking out even after being censored.
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03:08
Secondly, I found community
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๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ, ์ €๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ 
03:10
in the alliances I made with people who had also found their voices
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ์‹ธ์šธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งบ์€
03:15
and were willing to fight for democracy,
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์—ฐ๋Œ€ ์†์—์„œ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
a community that became my safe space.
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์ด ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋Š” ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
And lastly,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ,
03:23
autocracies fail.
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๋…์žฌ ์ •๊ถŒ์€ ์‹คํŒจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
It is what history has taught us.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์ค€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ๋˜์ƒˆ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
I reminded myself every day
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03:31
that I was on the right side of history,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ํŽธ์— ์„œ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:34
and the autocracy in Tanzania would fail and democracy would prevail.
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ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ๋…์žฌ ์ •๊ถŒ์€ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๊ณ  ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„์š”.
03:39
So here's how it all started in 2015.
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2015๋…„์— ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
President Magufuli promised Tanzanians wealth
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๋งˆ๊ตฌํ’€๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
03:48
and the end to corruption in exchange for democracy.
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํŒจ์˜ ์ข…์‹์„ ์•ฝ์†ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
He claimed it was too messy.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์—‰๋ง์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
Too many voices to contend with,
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์œผ๋ฉด
ํƒ€ํ˜‘ํ•  ์ผ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์•„์ ธ์„œ
03:59
and this would lead to too many compromises,
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04:03
and wealth in the form of development would suffer.
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
As for corruption,
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๋ถ€ํŒจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ,
04:09
"the bulldozer" told us that rule of law was too slow.
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'๋ถˆ๋„์ €'๋Š” ๋ฒ•์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋Š๋ฆฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
Corruption could only be dealt with by a messianic character like himself,
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๋ถ€ํŒจ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
04:20
who could mete out justice quickly and effectively.
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๊ตฌ์„ธ์ฃผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ธ๋ฌผ๋งŒ์ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
The association Transparency International rates the police and the judiciary
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๊ตญ์ œ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ ํ˜‘ํšŒ๋Š”
ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถ€ํŒจํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ผฝ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
amongst the two most corrupt institutions in Tanzania.
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04:34
So in a country where the GDP per capita
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 1์ธ๋‹น GDP๊ฐ€
04:37
is less than 800 American dollars per annum
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์—ฐ๊ฐ„ 800๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ด๊ณ 
04:42
and corruption is a daily experience for the average person,
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๋ณดํ†ต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งค์ผ ๋ถ€ํŒจ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ
๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
04:48
giving up an abstract concept like democracy
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04:51
for the promise of wealth
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๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์•ฝ์† ๋ฐ›๊ณ 
04:52
and a corruption-free society
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๋ถ€ํŒจ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
04:55
is a very attractive proposition.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์ œ์•ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
Very few realize that this abstract concept
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์ด ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ, ์ž์œ  ์˜์ง€,
05:02
holds within it our agency,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์„ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„
05:04
our free will, the very essence of our humanity.
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์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
In early 2016,
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2016๋…„ ์ดˆ,
05:11
my weekly column on the importance of democracy was canceled.
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ œ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ์นผ๋Ÿผ์ด ์ทจ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
That was extremely frustrating,
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์ •๋ง ์‹ค๋ง์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ๊ณ ,
05:18
and I let my editor know how much in no uncertain terms.
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์ €๋Š” ํŽธ์ง‘์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
After a heated debate,
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๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•œ ํ† ๋ก  ๋์—
05:24
the editor admitted that the survival of the paper
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ํŽธ์ง‘์ž๋Š” ์‹ ๋ฌธ์˜ ์กด์†์ด
05:28
depended on him making some concessions,
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์ถœํŒ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์ œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ
05:32
including cutting my views out of the publication.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
I felt like I had been robbed of my agency.
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์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๋นผ์•—๊ธด ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:40
My editor also asked me to self-censor and warned me that if I did not,
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ํŽธ์ง‘์ž๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒ€์—ด์„ ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณตํฌ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ 
05:46
the state would retaliate by creating fear,
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05:49
alienating me from family and friends
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๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:52
and destabilizing me financially.
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์žฌ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
By late 2016, the public campaign of fear had begun.
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2016๋…„ ๋ง, ๊ณตํฌ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋Œ€์ค‘ ์ž‘์ „์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
Bodies wrapped in gunny sacks would wash up on our pristine beaches.
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๋งˆ๋Œ€ ์ž๋ฃจ์— ๋“  ์‹œ์ฒด๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฒญ์ • ํ•ด๋ณ€์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€๋ ค์˜ค๊ณค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ธฐ์ž์™€ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ํ”์ ๋„ ์—†์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
Journalists and businessmen would disappear without a trace.
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06:10
Police would snatch and grab journalists, human rights activists, lawyers,
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์€ ์–ธ๋ก ์ธ, ์ธ๊ถŒ ์šด๋™๊ฐ€, ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ,
06:14
opposition politicians and keep them incommunicado.
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์•ผ๋‹น ์ •์น˜์ธ์„ ๋‚ฉ์น˜ํ•ด ์—ฐ๋ฝ์„ ๋Š์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
The country was consumed by fear.
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณตํฌ์— ํœฉ์‹ธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
In June 2017,
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2017๋…„ 6์›”,
06:25
I dared to lift my head above the parapet,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐํžˆ ๋‚œ๊ฐ„ ์œ„๋กœ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์˜ฌ๋ ค
06:28
and I represented Tundu Lissu,
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์•ผ๋‹น ์ •์น˜์ธ์ธ ํˆฐ๋‘ ๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
an opposition politician and also the president
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํƒ•๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์นด ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ํ˜‘ํšŒ์˜ ํšŒ์žฅ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
of the Bar Association of Tanganyika Law Society,
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06:36
who had been arrested and held incommunicado
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฒดํฌ๋˜์–ด ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ์ด์ƒ ์—ฐ๋ฝ์ด ๋Š๊ธด ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ
06:40
for more than one week.
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์–ต๋ฅ˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
What was his crime?
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ฃ„๋ชฉ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:44
He called Magufuli a โ€œpetty dictator.โ€
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๋งˆ๊ตฌํ’€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ 'ํ•˜์ฐฎ์€ ๋…์žฌ์ž'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
He was finally released on bail in July.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด 7์›”์— ๋ณด์„์œผ๋กœ ํ’€๋ ค๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ฝ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ๋’ค์ธ
06:52
It was then, about a month later,
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06:54
at 2am on August 26,
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8์›” 26์ผ ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ 2์‹œ์—
06:57
that my office building was bombed.
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์ œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ํญํƒ„์ด ํ„ฐ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
The campaign of fear had become personal.
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๊ณตํฌ ์ž‘์ „์€ ์ด์ œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
And no one has ever been charged for that offense.
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๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๊ทธ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์†Œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
I recall the fear in my colleague's eyes
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒ€์—ด์„ ํ•ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํƒํ•˜๋˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์—
07:10
as they asked me to self-censor.
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๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด ๋ฌป์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
Association with me had become dangerous, and I started to lose friends.
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์ €์™€์˜ ๊ต์ œ๊ฐ€ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•ด์กŒ๊ณ , ์นœ๊ตฌ๋„ ์žƒ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
It was very lonely.
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์ •๋ง ์™ธ๋กœ์› ์–ด์š”.
07:20
Then on September 7, 2017,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ 2017๋…„ 9์›” 7์ผ,
07:25
Tundu Lissu was shot 16 times with a submachine gun
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ํˆฐ๋‘ ๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋‹จ์ด์— 16๋ฐœ์„ ๋งž์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
in broad daylight outside his home.
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๋Œ€๋‚ฎ์— ์ž๊ธฐ์ง‘ ์•ž์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
He survived this murderous attempt, and no one has been charged.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ธฐ์†Œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
Like the rest of the country,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
07:40
on the afternoon of the shooting, I was in disbelief.
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์ด๊ฒฉ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋‹น์ผ ์˜คํ›„์— ์ €๋Š” ๋ถˆ์‹ ์— ํœฉ์‹ธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด ์ €๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก์•˜์ฃ .
07:46
And fear gripped me.
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๋‘๋ ค์›€์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ฌด๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋„๋ก ์ž๊ทนํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
You know, fear can either cripple you into inaction or spur you to fight.
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07:54
I consider myself lucky.
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์šด์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
07:56
Fear spurs me to fight.
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๋‘๋ ค์›€์€ ์ €๋ฅผ ์‹ธ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:59
So I began to fight back.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:01
I looked for a way to continue to advocate for democracy,
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๋ฒ•์น˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ๊ถŒ์„
์ฃผ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์† ๋ฐ–์—์„œ
08:06
rule of law and human rights
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ง€ํ‚ฌ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
on a platform outside the reach of the state:
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08:12
Twitter.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ์ฃ .
08:14
In January 2018,
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2018๋…„ 1์›”,
08:16
I joined Twitter where I started publishing my thoughts on democracy,
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์ €๋Š” ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ์— ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜, ๋ฒ•์น˜, ์ธ๊ถŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
08:21
rule of law and human rights in Kiswahili.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์Šค์™€ํž๋ฆฌ์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
In very little time, I had a million followers
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์–ผ๋งˆ ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ €๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋…์ž ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ–ˆ๊ณ 
08:27
and was known as Shangazi wa Taifa,
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'์ƒน๊ฐ€์ง€ ์™€ ํƒ€์ดํŒŒ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋ณ„๋ช…์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
which in Swahili means the aunt of the nation.
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์Šค์™€ํž๋ฆฌ์–ด๋กœ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ ์ด๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•˜์ฃ .
08:33
I had regained my voice on my terms.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋˜์ฐพ์•˜์–ด์š”.
08:36
No one could censor me, so I believed.
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์ €๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์—ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:39
But then, the state machinery used trolls to insult my family and me
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•…์„ฑ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์š•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
and threaten my life.
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08:47
It was frightening because I couldn't tell
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ํญ๋ ฅ์ด ์–ธ์ œ ํ˜„์‹ค ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด์˜ฌ์ง€
08:50
when the internet violence would spill into the real world.
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์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฌด์„œ์› ์–ด์š”.
08:54
But I kept going.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๊ณ„์† ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ”์–ด์š”.
08:56
I made connections with other Tanzanian Twitter influencers
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ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š”
์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:59
who were fighting for democracy.
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09:01
We were a small group, but we bonded on and offline,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์˜จ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ์œ ๋Œ€๊ฐ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
09:04
and there was power in our conviction and in our message.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ ๋…๊ณผ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์—๋Š” ํž˜์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
We created an online democratic space which we called Twitter Republic.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
To shut us down, the state spent millions of dollars --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ์‡„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
and this is a poor country --
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ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„๋Š” ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ ์ ‘์†์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ์—” ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์ฃ .
09:20
to block access to Twitter.
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09:23
We installed free VPNs,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ VPN์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
09:25
encouraged others to do the same,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋…๋ คํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
09:27
and continued tweeting relentlessly.
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๋ˆ์งˆ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ํŠธ์œ—์„ ์ด์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
2018๋…„ 3์›”, ์ €๋Š” ํƒ•๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์นด์˜ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ํ˜‘ํšŒ ํšŒ์žฅ์ง์— ์ถœ๋งˆํ•ด์„œ
09:32
In March 2018, I decided to run for the presidency
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09:35
of the Tanganyika Law Society
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09:37
to keep fighting for rule of law and democracy.
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๋ฒ•์น˜์™€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ„์† ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €๋Š” ํ˜‘ํšŒ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ํšŒ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
09:40
I was elected as the second female president of the society
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09:43
and used my position to advocate for democracy, rule of law.
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์ œ ์ง์œ„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๋ฒ•์น˜๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
The question most people ask is: Were you not scared?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
"๋ฌด์„ญ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‚˜์š”?"
09:52
I was petrified,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทน๋„๋กœ ๋‘๋ ค์› ๊ณ  ์šด์ „ํ•  ๋•Œ
09:54
and when I was driving,
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09:55
I used my rear-view mirror and my side-view mirror
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๋’ท๊ฑฐ์šธ๊ณผ ์˜†๊ฑฐ์šธ์„ ์‹œ๋„ ๋•Œ๋„ ์—†์ด ์ž์ฃผ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
a lot more than necessary to see who might be following me.
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์ €๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์˜ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:03
But my belief in agency and free will
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ž์œ  ์˜์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์ด
10:06
outweighed my fear of the autocratic government.
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๋…์žฌ ์ •๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€๋ณด๋‹ค ์ปธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
The Tanzanian judiciary has a tradition
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ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•๋ถ€๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ
10:14
of inviting the president of the Law Society
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๋ฒ•์˜ ๋‚ ์— ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ํ˜‘ํšŒ ํšŒ์žฅ์„ ์ดˆ์ฒญํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
to speak at Law Day.
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10:18
In February 2019, during Law Day,
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2019๋…„ 2์›” ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋‚ ์—
10:22
the judiciary informed me that there was no time for my speech.
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์‚ฌ๋ฒ•๋ถ€๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ์„คํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ†ต๋ณดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ํ—ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
After they had scrutinized it.
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10:29
Again, someone, somewhere was attempting to censor me.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€, ์–ด๋””์„ ๊ฐ€ ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์—ดํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:33
The entire Governing Council of the bar boycotted Law Day 2019.
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๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ํ˜‘ํšŒ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ 2019๋…„ ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋‚ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
I made a recording of my speech in Kiswahili and posted it online.
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ์Šค์™€ํž๋ฆฌ์–ด๋กœ ๋…น์Œํ•ด์„œ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์— ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
It was about the judicial's role and failure to promote rule of law.
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๋ฒ•์น˜ ์ฆ์ง„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•๋ถ€์˜ ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ ์‹คํŒจ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:50
It went viral.
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์ œ ์—ฐ์„ค์€ ์ž…์†Œ๋ฌธ์„ ํƒ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋˜์ฐพ์•˜๊ณ 
10:52
I had once again regained my autonomy
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10:54
and my ability to share the truth.
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์ง„์‹ค์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋˜์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
Not sufficiently satisfied with my presence on Twitter,
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ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ์—๋งŒ ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ธฐ์—
11:00
I, along with a group of concerned citizens,
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
11:03
decided to bring our activism to court.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์šด๋™์„ ๋ฒ•์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ๊ณ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
In 2018,
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2018๋…„์—
11:08
we commenced a slew of cases against the president and his government
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์„ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์œ ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๊ณผ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ
11:12
for breaching our constitution.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
We also made sure that the cases were fought out
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๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งŒ
11:17
in the court of public opinion,
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์—ฌ๋ก  ์žฌํŒ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:19
if only to educate.
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11:21
In early 2019,
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2019๋…„ ์ดˆ,
11:23
the judge presiding over one of these cases
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์ด ์†Œ์†ก๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋˜ ํŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
11:26
suspended me from practicing indefinitely,
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด ์ •์ง€ ์ฒ˜๋ถ„์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
without giving me a right to be heard.
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€๋ก ์„ ํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ์š”.
11:32
By September 2020,
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2020๋…„ 9์›”์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ๋Š”
11:34
as I mentioned, I was permanently disbarred.
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๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์˜๊ตฌ ์ž๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ์„ ๋‹นํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
The reasons don't matter.
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์‚ฌ์œ ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
Suffice it to say that in Tanzania,
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ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ ๋งŒ ๋งํ•ด ๋‘๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
the bar is not independent,
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11:43
and we're disciplined by a judge sitting in a panel
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๊ฒ€์ฐฐ ๊ตญ์žฅ๊ณผ ํŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„์›ํšŒ์—์„œ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ์ง•๊ณ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
with the director of public prosecution,
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11:49
and both of them are presidential appointees.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ์ง€๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
I lost my right to earn a living.
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์ €๋Š” ์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
My partners and people I had considered friends
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์†Œ์˜ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์™€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒผ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
11:59
promptly fired me from a law firm I had helped build.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ฆฝ์„ ๋„์™”๋˜ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์†Œ์—์„œ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์ €๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ณ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
The government had achieved its goal.
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12:04
I was friendless and finance-less.
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์ €๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๋„ ์—†๊ณ  ๋ˆ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
This fight wasn't without tremendous personal cost,
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์ด ์‹ธ์›€์— ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ํฌ์ƒ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
12:12
but I still had my children, my parents and my siblings,
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜, ํ˜•์ œ์ž๋งค๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ณ ,
12:16
and I made new friends.
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์ƒˆ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๋„ ์‚ฌ๊ท€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
But they were all at risk, and I worried about them every day.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฑ์ •๋์–ด์š”.
12:24
I couldn't stop though,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฉˆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋…์žฌ ์ •๊ถŒ ์•„๋ž˜ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•œ
12:26
I realized that so long as I was living in an autocracy,
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12:30
I didn't have a career anyway.
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์–ด์ฐจํ”ผ ์ œ ์‚ถ์€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์–ด์š”.
12:32
There is no rule of law in an autocracy,
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๋…์žฌ ์ •๊ถŒ์—๋Š” ๋ฒ•์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
and lawyers are only relevant
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๋ฒ•๋ฅ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฒ•์น˜๊ฐ€ ์กด์ค‘๋˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
where there is respect for the rule of law.
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12:40
Worse still, I would lose my agency and free will.
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์„ค์ƒ๊ฐ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ €๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ž์œ  ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
And I confidently said to myself,
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์ €๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
12:47
in any event,
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'์–ด์ฐŒ ๋๋“  ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ํŽธ์— ์„œ ์žˆ๋‹ค.'
12:48
I'm on the right side of history.
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12:51
It wasn't long before I did find out how right I was.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ณ์•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
12:55
In March 2021, Magufuli was pronounced dead.
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2021๋…„ 3์›”, ๋งˆ๊ตฌํ’€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ง ์„ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:00
He was a COVID denier,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ๋ถ€์ •๋ก ์ž์˜€๊ณ ,
13:01
and the state denies he died from COVID.
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์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19๋กœ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ถ€์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:06
But, you know, public consensus disagrees with the state.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ฃ .
13:12
His death marked the end of a terrifying era
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์€ ๋‘๋ ค์šด ๋…์žฌ ์ •๊ถŒ ์•„๋ž˜ ์ฆ์˜ค์™€ ์–ด๋‘ ์œผ๋กœ ๋’ค๋ฎ์˜€๋˜
13:16
of hatred and darkness under a fearful autocracy.
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๋ฌด์‹œ๋ฌด์‹œํ•œ ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ง‰์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
I don't want you to believe that there is a fairytale ending
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๋™ํ™” ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ง์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์•„์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ 
13:25
and that everything is good in Tanzania.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์œผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
13:27
What I can tell you is that we have reverted
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
'์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์ด ํฐ ๊ณผ๋„๊ธฐ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜'๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:30
to a "transitioning democracy with a lot of potential."
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13:33
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:35
Presidential commissions now invite me
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๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ์ €๋ฅผ ์ดˆ์ฒญํ•ด์„œ
13:37
to give my opinions on establishment,
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๋ฒ•์˜ ์ •๋ฆฝ๊ณผ ๋ฒ•์น˜, ํ—Œ๋ฒ• ๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
13:39
on rule of law and the need for constitutional reform.
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์ œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
Tanzania is presently at a crossroad.
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ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐˆ๋ฆผ๊ธธ์— ์„œ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:46
We can either remain a transitioning democracy,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๋„๊ธฐ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฒด์ œ๋กœ ๋‚จ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
13:49
proceed to become a working democracy
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
13:52
or revert to a murderous autocracy.
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์‚ด์ธ์ ์ธ ๋…์žฌ ์ฒด์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
This depends entirely on whether enough people can stand up for democracy.
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์ด๋Š” ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผ์–ด์„ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ์ง€์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:01
So if there's one thing you can take home from this, it's this.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:06
If you live in a full-fledged democracy,
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์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:09
please don't sit back.
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์ œ๋ฐœ ๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
14:13
We need you to keep your country democratic.
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†๋˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:16
If, like me, you're living in a "transitioning democracy,"
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์ €์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด '๊ณผ๋„๊ธฐ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜' ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:19
it's a good and safe place to fight for democracy,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ธ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ข‹์€ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
because transitioning democracies can easily revert into full-fledged autocracy,
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๊ณผ๋„๊ธฐ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋…์žฌ ์ฒด์ œ๋กœ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ›„ํ‡ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:28
where fighting for democracy becomes a lot riskier.
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํˆฌ์Ÿ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
14:33
And if you're living in an autocracy, you can still fight.
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๋…์žฌ ์ •๊ถŒ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋”๋ผ๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‹ธ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
But it's better if you aren't fighting alone.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜ผ์ž ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด ๋” ์ข‹์ฃ .
14:40
Find your people so you can look out for each other and stay safe.
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์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด์ค„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์‚ฌํ•˜์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ์š”.
14:45
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:46
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)(ํ™˜ํ˜ธ)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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