Present Perfect | How to Use it Correctly

84,421 views ใƒป 2019-06-05

Speak Confident English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hey,
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”,
00:01
it's Annemarie with Speak Confident English and today you're going to learn how
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Speak Confident English์˜ Annemarie์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜์€
00:05
to use the present perfect in English and get it right every single time.
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์˜์–ด์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งค๋ฒˆ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:10
You probably already know that native speakers use the present perfect form a
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ ๋“ค์ด ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:15
lot, so it's important to get it right,
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
00:18
especially if you want to communicate correctly and clearly in English. In fact,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์˜์–ด๊ถŒ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€
00:23
when you first arrive in an English speaking country,
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์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉด
00:26
you'll probably hear people ask you how long have you been here?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
So how would you answer that question if you're not sure,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ™•์‹ ์ด ์„œ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:36
today's lesson is going to help you know without any doubt when and how to use
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์€
00:41
the present perfect in English.
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์˜์–ด์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์–ธ์ œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์˜์‹ฌ ์—†์ด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
[inaudible]
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[๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Œ]
00:55
You're going to learn all the different situations when you need to use the
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00:58
present perfect in English.
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์˜์–ด์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ผญ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ• 
01:00
I'm also going to share with you words that you definitely should use and be
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๋‹จ์–ด๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆด ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ
01:05
sure to watch until the end because I'll also share with you some words that you
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01:09
definitely should not use. So first,
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์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋‹จ์–ด๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆดํ…Œ๋‹ˆ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋จผ์ €
01:12
what is the present perfect and why is it so hard? Well,
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๊ณ  ์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋ ค์šด๊ฐ€์š”? ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”,
01:16
it's challenging because many languages don't have the present perfect form,
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๋งŽ์€ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋„์ „์ 
01:21
but in English it is essential.
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์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
This verb form allows us to connect actions from the past to the present moment.
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์ด ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
Now let's take a little step back from that.
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋’ค๋กœ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
01:34
If I say I lived there for two years,
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2๋…„ ์‚ด์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
01:40
I lived there for two years.
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2๋…„ ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
What grammar tense am I using? Absolutely.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ.
01:47
It's the past simple. I lived there for two years.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ 2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ด์•˜๋‹ค.
01:52
It's in the past. It's over, it's finished.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋๋‚ฌ์–ด, ๋๋‚ฌ์–ด.
01:55
There is no connection to now,
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์€ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
02:00
but if I say, I am living here now,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด
02:04
what verb tense am I using and what time am I talking about?
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ช‡์‹œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:09
Absolutely.
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์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ.
02:10
I'm talking about now at this present moment and I'm using the continuous form
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
02:16
to help me do that. I am living.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
That verb let's me show the connection to now,
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๊ทธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:23
but what if I want to show that something started in the past but it's not
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:29
finished yet? It's still true.
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์•„์ง ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
Now I need some way to express that in English and that's what the present
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์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ
02:36
perfect allows us to do. For example,
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์™„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
02:40
I have lived here for three years.
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 3๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
When I use have lived,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ have live๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
02:47
it tells you that it started three years ago and it's still true today,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด 3 ๋…„ ์ „์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž„์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋ฉฐ
02:53
it allows me to make a connection between the past and the present.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
Another example, I've loved chocolate since I was a kid.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋กœ, ์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
I've or I have,
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I've ๋˜๋Š” I have,
03:05
I've loved chocolate since I was a kid again,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ ›์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:08
that use of have loved let's me connect the past to this moment.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œ์ผœ ์ค์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:14
I started to love chocolate when I was a kid and it has continued through my
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
03:19
whole life until this present moment. Now in those two examples,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€ ํ‰์ƒ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ
03:24
I've just used some keywords for the present perfect.
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์ €๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:28
I used for and since for three years and since I was a kid.
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๋‚˜๋Š” 3 ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
When we use those words,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ
03:35
it's a clue that we need to use the present perfect form,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ,
03:40
but now let's talk about another super common situation where we use the present
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์ด์ œ
03:45
perfect in every day conversation for answering questions like,
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์ผ์ƒ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
how's your day been going?
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03:52
We use the present perfect when a period of time is not finished.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:58
If somebody asks, how's your day been going?
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์–ด๋• ์–ด?
04:02
Today isn't finished. It's still today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ง ์˜ค๋Š˜์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
04:06
so we use the present perfect. When we answer that question, for example,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ๋•Œ
04:10
we might say, Oh, I've been so busy today,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฐ”๋นด์–ด์š”.
04:14
I have been so busy today, and again,
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04:18
we're using that have been because today isn't finished.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฐ”๋นด์–ด์š”.
04:23
It's the same. If someone asks you, how's your week been going?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด , ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
04:27
Or how's your month been? For example, if somebody asks you,
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๋˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ์€ ์–ด๋• ๋‚˜์š”? ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:31
how's your week been going? You might say something like, Oh,
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์˜ค,
04:34
I've been so grumpy all week. I'm not sleeping well,
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์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์ˆ ๊ถ‚์—ˆ์–ด. ์ž ์„ ์ž˜ ๋ชป์ž๋Š”๋ฐ
04:38
so how would you answer that question? How's your week been going?
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๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ํ•œ ์ฃผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด์…จ์–ด์š”? ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ“๊ธ€ ์„น์…˜์—์„œ
04:42
You can practice and share your answer with me in the comment section just below
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๋‹ต์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:46
this video.
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.
04:47
But now let's move on to another situation where we use the present perfect.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค .
04:51
And again,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
04:52
this is for everyday conversations when something has just happened like,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
04:58
Ooh, ouch, I've just cut my finger. Or Oh,
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์˜ค, ์•„์•ผ, ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ๋ฒ ์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ค,
05:03
someone has just knocked at my door.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋‚ด ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‘๋“œ๋ ธ๋‹ค.
05:05
Or if you're at the office looking for one of your coworkers,
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๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์—์„œ ๋™๋ฃŒ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
05:08
you might ask someone where, Susan, I can't find her, and they might answer,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋”” ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Susan, ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:13
oh, she is just gone home.
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. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ
05:16
Do you notice a pattern in all of those sentences that I used,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:20
I've just cut my finger.
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์ €๋Š” ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ์ž˜๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
Someone has just knocked at my door and she's just gone home.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋‚ด ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‘๋“œ๋ ธ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
05:27
Hopefully you notice that word just,
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๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ฑด๋Œ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ ธ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
we often use the word just with the present perfect.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๋‹จ์ง€๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
Here are a few more examples. Oh my gosh,
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง™์†Œ์‚ฌ,
05:36
I've just passed my exam. She's just broken up with her boyfriend.
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์‹œํ—˜์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋‚จ์ž ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ—ค์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.
05:41
They've just bought a house.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ง‘์„ ์ƒ€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
And now before we talk about how to form the present perfect correctly,
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ• 
05:48
we've got one more situation that we need to talk about.
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์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:51
And this one is particularly important if you ever do a job interview in English
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
05:56
talking about your life or career experience.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง์—… ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋ฉด์ ‘์„ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํŠนํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
Do you remember when we were talking about answering the question,
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜
06:04
how's your day been or how's your week been?
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋Š” ์–ด๋• ๋‚˜์š”? ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์€ ์–ด๋• ๋‚˜์š”?
06:07
It's a period of time that isn't finished. Well,
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๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€์Ž„,
06:11
your life isn't finished either.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ธ์ƒ๋„ ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
So we're talking about the experience in your life from the day that you were
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ๋‚ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ
06:18
born until this moment. For example, in my life experience,
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์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚ด ์ธ์ƒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์—์„œ
06:22
I've traveled to over 40 countries.
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๋‚˜๋Š” 40๊ฐœ๊ตญ ์ด์ƒ์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
If we're talking about career experience,
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๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋”ฐ์ง€์ž๋ฉด
06:28
I might say he's been with the company for seven years.
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7๋…„ ์ •๋„ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
He has been with the company for seven years or he's been an engineer for 20
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ 7๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ 20๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:39
years.
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.
06:40
Now that you know all the situations when we need to use the present perfect.
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
Let's talk about how to use it correctly. There are two things that you need.
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
You need the verb have or has so I have you have he she it has,
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have ๋˜๋Š” have ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ I have you have he she it has,
06:56
we have and they have and then you need the past participle.
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we have and they have ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
Now that's super technical,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ด๊ณ 
07:06
jargony language for that third form of the verb.
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์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ์–ธ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:09
If you think back to when you first started learning English,
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์ฒ˜์Œ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด eat, ate, eat, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘
07:13
do you remember memorizing all those verbs like eat,
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์™ธ์šฐ๋˜ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
07:18
ate, eaten, drink, drank drunk. Write,
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์“ฐ๊ณ ,
07:23
wrote, written.
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์“ฐ๊ณ , ์ผ๋‹ค.
07:26
That third form is the past participle and that's what you need to use.
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๊ทธ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
Now, thankfully when we have a regular verb in English,
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์ด์ œ ๊ณ ๋ง™๊ฒŒ๋„ ์˜์–ด์— ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
07:35
you can just use the -ed ending for example, want, wanted,
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-ed ์–ด๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:40
wanted, work, worked, worked. She has worked.
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. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
If you have those two things, the have or has and that third form,
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have ๋˜๋Š” have์™€ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ˜•์‹์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:50
you've got everything you need for the present perfect.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
Now if you want many more examples of how to correctly form the present perfect.
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด . ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ˆ˜์—…
07:58
I've got those available for you in the online lesson and you can find a link to
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์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
08:03
that just below this video,
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์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
but now I want to focus on words that you definitely should use in the present
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:09
perfect.
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.
08:10
Like for and since and words you definitely should not use.
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for์™€ since, ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
Now you've learned that with the present perfect. We often use for,
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์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… for,
08:18
since and just,
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since ๋ฐ just๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ
08:20
and there are a few more words that can help you know when to use it.
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์–ธ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
If you hear or want to use words like always, never or ever,
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always, never ๋˜๋Š” ever์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:29
those are signs that the present perfect might be the right choice.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์„ ํƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
For example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
08:36
have you ever been to Japan or have you ever eaten Vietnamese food?
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์ผ๋ณธ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ ์Œ์‹์„ ๋จน์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:43
Native English speakers, love asking, have you ever questions.
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์˜์–ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€ ๋ฌป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
They're great for starting conversations and getting to know people and when you
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์•Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐ ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ๋•Œ
08:51
answer, you might say something like,
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ "
08:54
I've been to three times or no, I've never eaten Vietnamese food.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ€๋ดค์–ด. ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ ์Œ์‹์„ ๋จน์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์–ด."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
If we talk about something that has always been true, again,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด , ๋‹ค์‹œ
09:03
we can use the present perfect. For example, she's always loved jazz.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์žฌ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
Now there's one last thing you need to know so that you always use the present
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์ด์ œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ˜„์žฌ
09:12
perfect correctly and that is when not to use it.
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์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
If you want to use words like, ago,
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ago,
09:20
last year or last week,
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last year ๋˜๋Š” last week,
09:23
in 2018 or in 1999.
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in 2018 ๋˜๋Š” in 1999์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
09:28
Those are key words that you definitely should not use the present perfect.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
Do you know what you should use instead last year,
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last year,
09:37
last month, last week ago with those words,
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last month, last week ago ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„
09:42
we definitely want to use the simple past because we're talking about something
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์„ธ์š”?
09:47
that is finished. It's over.
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๋๋‚ฌ์–ด.
09:50
Last month I went to Italy. I finished that project yesterday.
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์ง€๋‚œ๋‹ฌ์— ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ๊ทธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ณค๋‹ค.
09:56
You'll notice in all of those examples I'm using the simple past and those words
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๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ˆ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ„์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
that we've talked about are key words for the simple past,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:05
not for the present perfect.
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.
10:06
Now it's time for you to put all of this into practice and I've got a challenge
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ค์ฒœ์— ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ์ด๋ฉฐ
10:10
question for you in the comments below.
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์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋„์ „์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
I want you to tell me what are some of the most amazing things you've ever done
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ํ•œ ์ผ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
in your life? Use the present perfect to tell me all about them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:22
If you found this lesson useful to you,
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์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:24
be sure to subscribe to this channel so you never miss a future Confident
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์ด ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–ฅํ›„ Confident
10:28
English lesson. Thank you so much.
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English ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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