Basic English Grammar: Using "to be" to describe your life

589,820 views ใƒป 2012-11-03

Learn English with Rebecca


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi, my name is Rebecca from www.engvid.com. In today's lesson, I'll be talking about a
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ www.engvid.com์˜ Rebecca์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š”
00:08
very commonly used verb in the English language, and that's the verb "to be". Even though this
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์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ "to be" ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
00:16
is a very commonly used verb, it's still confusing to a lot of English students for a variety
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๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜์–ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:21
of different reasons. So, in today's lesson, we're going to divide the lesson into two
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:26
parts. First, I'm going to explain to you when to use the verb "to be", and then I'll
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. ๋จผ์ € "to be" ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์–ธ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ 
00:31
show you how to use it in three different tenses; in the present, in the past, and in
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ,
00:38
the present perfect. Okay? Now, that's really important to be able to do, so if you stick
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ž, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
00:45
with me right until the end of this lesson, you will know how to use the sentences that
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด "๋‚˜๋Š”", "๋‚˜๋Š”", "๋‚˜๋Š”"์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
start with "I am", "I was", and "I have been". Okay? Now, why is the verb "to be" so difficult?
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๊ณ„์† ~ ์ด๋‹ค". ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ž, "to be"๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋ ค์šด๊ฐ€์š”?
00:58
Well, first of all, because the verb "to be" is different from all other verbs in the English
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์šฐ์„  "to be"๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜์–ด์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:05
language. Okay? There's like a division. There's the verb "to be", and then there are all the
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. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "to be"๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
01:10
other verbs in English. So, the verb "to be", you have to learn the structure and the rules
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์˜์–ด์—๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ "to be"๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:16
of using that verb. And the second reason why the verb "to be" is so challenging at
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. "to be"๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
01:22
times is because in many languages, we don't use the verb "to be", especially in the present
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๋งŽ์€ ์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ ํŠนํžˆ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ "to be"๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:28
tense. That's why sometimes you have students saying things like "I student" or "I happy".
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. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด "๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" ๋˜๋Š” "๋‚˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
Now, those sentences are not correct because what's missing? The verb "to be". That student
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์ž, ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋น ์ ธ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? "๋˜๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ. ๊ทธ ํ•™์ƒ์€
01:43
should say "I am a student", "I am happy", but perhaps in their languages, they don't
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"์ €๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค", "๋‚˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ๋Š”
01:49
need to use that in the present tense, and that's why it can become a bit of a challenge
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
to get used to using it. So, let me explain to you first when we use the verb "to be",
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ. ๋จผ์ € ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ "to be"๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
02:02
there are many, many different contexts in which we use it, so let's review that and
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๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋จผ์ € ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ
02:07
then we'll go further. Okay? Let's get started. So, we can use the verb "to be" to talk about
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "to be"๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
02:14
age, "I am 26", about gender, "I am a woman". Somebody could talk about their marital status,
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๋‚˜์ด, "I am 26", ์„ฑ๋ณ„, "I am a woman"์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
"I'm married", "I'm engaged", "I'm divorced", etc. "I'm separated", okay? Family status,
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"์ € ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ–ˆ์–ด์š”", "์ € ์•ฝํ˜ผํ–ˆ์–ด์š”", "์ € ์ดํ˜ผํ–ˆ์–ด์š”" ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ. "์ € ํ—ค์–ด์กŒ์–ด์š”", ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ด€๊ณ„
02:32
"I'm a mother", "I'm a father", okay? You could also use the verb "to be" to talk about
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์—„๋งˆ์•ผ", "๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋น ์•ผ", ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ๋˜ํ•œ "to be" ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
02:39
your health, your physical health and your mental or emotional health. So, you could
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•, ์‹ ์ฒด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•, ์ •์‹ ์  ๋˜๋Š” ์ •์„œ์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€
02:46
say "I'm well" or "I'm ill", you could say "I'm happy" or "I'm depressed", right? Okay?
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"I'm well" ๋˜๋Š” "I'm ill"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , "I'm happy" ๋˜๋Š” "I'm ์šฐ์šธํ•˜๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ์ข‹์•„์š”?
02:56
We use the verb "to be" also to talk about our occupation, "I'm a doctor", "I'm a teacher",
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ "to be"๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . "I'm a doctor", "I'm a teacher"
03:04
etc., right? Also about nationality, somebody could say "I'm Egyptian" or "I am Korean",
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๋“ฑ์ด์ฃ ? ๊ตญ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” "๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" ๋˜๋Š” "๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
okay? Also about your political affiliation, somebody could say "I'm a liberal", "I'm a
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ์„ฑํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ "๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง„๋ณด์ฃผ์˜์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค", "๋‚˜๋Š”
03:20
conservative", all right? Also your religion, "I'm a Muslim" or "I'm Muslim", "I'm Hindu",
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๋ณด์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ข…๊ต๋Š” "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์Šฌ๋ฆผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" ๋˜๋Š” "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์Šฌ๋ฆผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค", "๋‚˜๋Š” ํžŒ๋‘๊ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค",
03:28
"I'm Christian", okay? When we say "I'm Hindu", it means I'm a person of... From the Hindu
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค", ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ "๋‚˜๋Š” ํžŒ๋‘๊ต๋„๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํžŒ๋‘๊ต์˜... ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:37
religion. "I'm a Hindu" means a person who is a Hindu. So, you could actually say it
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. "I'm a Hindu"๋Š” ํžŒ๋‘๊ต๋„์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
03:44
either way, with the word "a" or without the article "a", okay?
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"a"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ด€์‚ฌ "a"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์ด๋“  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
You could use the verb "to be" to describe your location, "I am in Moscow", "I am from
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"to be" ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . "I am in Moscow", "I am from
03:58
Brazil", again, we need to use the verb "to be". You could also use it to describe the
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Brazil", ๋‹ค์‹œ "to be" ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:05
field you are... You work in, right? For example, I, as a teacher, I'm in the field of education,
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... ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ , ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ €๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ ๊ต์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
04:13
so I could say, "I am in education". Somebody else could say, "I am in computers", right?
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"I am in education"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด "๋‚˜๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:20
So, these are just a few of the very many situations in which we need to use the verb
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋™์‚ฌ
04:26
"to be". Next, we'll be talking about the verb "to be" in the present, in the past,
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"to be"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์˜ "to be" ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:33
and in the present perfect.
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.
04:35
Okay, so let's look at how to use this essential verb "to be" in three different tenses. These
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ "to be"๋ฅผ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
04:43
are the present, the past, and the present perfect, okay? So, in the present, I would
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ํ˜„์žฌ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ์—๋Š”
04:50
say, "I am tired", for example. When I say, "I am tired", it means right now, okay? That's
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "๋‚˜๋Š” ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•˜๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ "ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•ด"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ, ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ง€? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
04:59
the present. If I'm using the past tense, I would say, "Yesterday, I was tired", okay?
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ํ˜„์žฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด "์–ด์ œ๋Š” ํ”ผ๊ณคํ–ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
So, when I use the simple past and I say, "I was", it means I'm referring to a time
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ "I was"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋์ด ๋‚˜๊ณ  ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:13
in the past which is finished and over. "Yesterday, I was tired", alright?
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. "์–ด์ œ๋Š” ํ”ผ๊ณคํ–ˆ์–ด", ์•Œ์•˜์ง€?
05:20
Present perfect, we combine the present and the past, and we say something like this,
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
"I have been tired all week." That means at the beginning of the week, in the middle of
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ํ”ผ๊ณคํ–ˆ์–ด." ์ฆ‰, ํ•œ ์ฃผ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘, ํ•œ
05:34
the week, and now. So, in present perfect, we are referring to the present and the past,
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์ฃผ์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์—๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
okay? Or the past and the present, alright? Depending on how you look at it. Alright?
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
05:48
So, "I am", "I was", "I have been". Let's see how we can use this in different examples
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "๋‚˜๋Š”", "๋‚˜๋Š” ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค", "๋‚˜๋Š” ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค". ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€,
05:54
and how it changes the meaning of what we're trying to communicate.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค .
05:58
So, somebody could say, "I am a doctor." That means he or she is a doctor now. "Five years
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” "๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "5๋…„
06:07
ago, I was a student." Or, "I was a medical student." Okay? So, five years ago, clearly
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์ „, ์ €๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋˜๋Š” "๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜๋Œ€์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ." ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, 5๋…„ ์ „, ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ
06:15
in the past, it's finished, it's over, so that's past. And the third one, "I have been
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ๋๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๋๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” "๋‚˜๋Š”
06:23
a doctor for five years." What does that mean? "I have been" is present perfect. It means
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5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์˜์‚ฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ด์•ผ? "I have been"์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
the person started being a doctor five years ago, four years ago, three years ago, two
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5๋…„ ์ „, 4๋…„ ์ „, 3๋…„ ์ „, 2
06:36
years ago, and now. Alright? So, "I have been a doctor for five years" includes the past
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๋…„ ์ „, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "๋‚˜๋Š” 5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์˜์‚ฌ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค"๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฟ๋งŒ
06:42
as well as the present. So, you see how by using present tense, past tense, or present
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ
06:48
perfect, we are in fact able to communicate different kinds of information.
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์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
Let's look at another example. "I am ill." "I am ill" means I am ill now, in the present.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ณ‘์ด๋‹ค." "I am ill"์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์•„ํ”„๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
"I was ill on Monday." Let's say today is Wednesday. "I was ill on Monday", which is
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"์›”์š”์ผ์— ์•„ํŒ ์–ด์š”." ์˜ค๋Š˜์ด ์ˆ˜์š”์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š” ์›”์š”์ผ์— ์•„ํŒ ์–ด์š”"๋Š”
07:09
clearly in the past. Or, "I have been ill for the last two days." "I have been ill"
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” " ์ง€๋‚œ ์ดํ‹€ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ชธ์ด ์•„ํŒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." I have been ill์€
07:19
means I was ill and I am still ill. Okay? So, that's present perfect for you.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์•„ํŒ ๊ณ  ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์•„ํ”„๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์„ ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
Another example, "I am married." That means now, for example. "I was married in 2001."
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” "๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค." ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ง€๊ธˆ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "2001๋…„์— ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ–ˆ์–ด์š”."
07:34
Usually we say, "I got married", but people could also say, "I was married in 2001." Okay?
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๋ณดํ†ต ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "์ € ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ–ˆ์–ด์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ "2001๋…„์— ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ–ˆ์–ด์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
07:41
And last one, "I have been married for 12 years." Okay? Now, here, the person is saying
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ "๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•œ์ง€ 12 ๋…„์ฐจ." ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
07:48
that he or she got married 12 years ago and has been married throughout that period of
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์ž์‹ ์ด 12๋…„ ์ „์— ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:54
time, including right now. Okay? So, I hope that these examples in the present past and
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. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€
08:02
present perfect have shown you ways in which you can talk about your life in terms of what
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ด ์˜ˆ๋“ค์ด
08:08
you're doing now, what you did yesterday or in the past, and what you have been doing.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ, ์–ด์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ํ•œ ์ผ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ–‰์œ„.
08:16
Okay? So, if you'd like some more practice on this, please feel free to go to our website,
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข€ ๋” ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹œ๋ฉด ์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ์ €ํฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ
08:22
www.engvid.com. Thanks for watching. Good luck with your English.
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www.engvid.com์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์‹œ์ฒญ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜์–ด์— ํ–‰์šด์„ ๋น•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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