SAY, TELL, SPEAK - What is the difference? Confusing English Verbs

249,536 views ・ 2018-02-13

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Hi everybody, my name is Alisha.
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Welcome back to EnglishClass101.com's Youtube channel. Today, I'm going to talk about “say,”
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“tell,” and “speak.”
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I'm going to talk about the differences between when we use these and also give some examples
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of how to use them as well.
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So let's go!
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Okay, the first one I want to talk about is “say.”
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Say.
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So we use “say” when we want to have a very neutral feel to what we're talking about.
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We use “say” when we report speech, we're reporting information, reporting something
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we heard, reporting something someone else said to us.
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So as I just use the past tense of “say” is said; please be careful it is not say-ed,
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it should be “said,” the spelling changes, said.
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He said, she said, we said, they said.
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Okay, so when we want to report speech we can use the past tense like I've just done,
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for example, he said dinner was delicious.
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This is a past tense statement, so maybe previously before the conversation someone, he said this
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statement, dinner was delicious, think of this like a quote, dinner was delicious, he
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said dinner was delicious.
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Another example, you said you were tired.
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You said you were tired.
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So again, before the conversation, the other person said he or she was tired, but here
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to report, you said you were tired, and we use the past tense of “say” - “said”
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to do that.
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Okay, one more with the present tense then, remember we use the present tense when we're
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talking about general facts or things which are always true regular actions.
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So in this case, I've used present tense, I said I never say mean things.
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So here I have present tense, this is a general fact in this case, I never say mean things.
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So again, a very neutral way of talking about verbal communication.
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Okay, so that's how we use “say.”
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An introduction to how we use “say.”
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Then let's talk about how to use “tell.”
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We use “tell” a little bit differently from the way that we use “say.”
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So we use “tell” when we want to show kind of a one-way nuance, there's sort of
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one-way communication happening.
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So by that I mean that someone is passing new information or giving new information
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to another person, something I do not already know, I'm having someone tell me; someone
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is going to tell me new information.
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So we use this in past tense a lot, the past tense of “tell” is told.
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He told me, she told me, they told me; this gives us the nuance of new information, something
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I'm learning, something I am hearing for the first time.
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I can use “tell,” or, “told” in past tense, also.
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One point about “to tell,” the object, in many cases, is a person, so by that I mean
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after the verb “tell” the item coming after it in the sentence there is usually
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a person, so the person receiving the information.
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So, please tell me, please tell her, please tell him, the person indicated here or the
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group of people indicated here after the verb "tell," that's the person or the group of
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people receiving the information, learning the information.
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Okay, so let's see…
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I told you to call me.
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Here, I have the past tense, I told you to call me, so “you,” this is the receiver
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of the information.
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I told you to call me, I asked you to call me here.
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Okay, so this is to report, some command, we can use “tell” and “told” to give
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commands.
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I told you to call me, I gave you the new request to call me, in other words.
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Okay, one more, a request this time…
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Can you tell me where the bathroom is?
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So here, “tell me,” so this is a request for information; can you tell me where the
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bathroom is.
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I don't know where the bathroom is, please give me new information, please tell me where
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it is.
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Okay, here we also use present tense, yeah, so when you're making a request, please make
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sure to use the present tense.
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Can you tell me something?
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One more.
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Why didn't you tell me the party was canceled?
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Another question, why didn't you tell me, so you didn't give me new information about
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the party, why?
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Why didn't you tell me bla bla bla?
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We can use this pattern for if you miss information or if someone forgot to tell you something,
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if someone forgot to give you information that you needed, you can say why didn't you
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tell me bla bla bla?
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To make a different sentence, you could say, why didn't you tell her or why didn't you
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tell them, why didn't you tell our boss.
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Some other examples, a positive sentence could be, why did you tell him?
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Why did you tell her?
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For example, if someone tells a secret.
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So we can use "tell" to give new information, to pass new information along.
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Okay, so that's "tell."
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So the next verb that I want to talk about today is the verb "speak."
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so we use "speak" to mean a conversation, yes.
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So "speak" has the nuance of a conversation but it has the nuance of a more formal tone.
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we would use "speak" in more formal situations, like a business meeting or a work setting,
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for example, or for maybe a more serious conversation.
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But we can use "speak" with either "with" or "to."
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So I mean, speak with someone and speak to someone.
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So the difference between these two is very very small, if you say speak with my boss,
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it sounds like you expect a conversation with your boss, speaking with someone, sounds like
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there's information passing back and forth between the two of you.
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Speak to your boss sounds more like, for example, you're going to say a lot of things, you're
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going to give a lot of information and your boss will participate a little bit, but there's
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more nuance of giving information than passing information back and forth.
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So if you want to make a more conversational nuance, use "with," speak with someone.
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If you want it to sound a little more one-sided, a little more one way, use "speak to" someone.
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Okay, so we also use speak for languages, like I speak English, I speak French, I speak
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Japanese, I don't speak German, I don't speak Thai.
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So please use "speak" for languages, as well.
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The past tense of speak is "spoke."
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Please be careful, it is not speak-ed, please use "spoke," the past tense is spoke.
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I spoke English every day when I lived in America, for example.
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So please use "spoke" as the past tense here.
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Also, the past participle form is spoken.
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So we'll see that in a little bit, maybe.
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Okay, so some example sentence.
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You should speak with or to your boss.
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So here you can choose "with," sounds more conversational; "to," sounds a little more
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direct.
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You should speak with your boss.
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You should speak to your boss.
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Okay, past tense sentence.
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I spoke with my manager, I spoke with my manager.
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We shared information.
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Last, have you spoken to HR?
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Have you spoken to HR?
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Here's a present perfect tense sentence, I've used "spoken" here.
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Okay, good!
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So that's a nice, maybe a wrap up of a few different verbs that are commonly confused
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when talking about speech, let's go to some example sentences.
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All right!
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The first example sentence is... my friend _________ me my cooking was bad.
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Okay, my cooking was bad, this is probably new information for a person.
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Another hint, we have "me," there's a person here in the object position of the sentence.
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So we can guess this should be the verb "tell," however we have this hint, my cooking was
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bad, was bad, a past tense, so we should use the past tense form of "tell," "told" here.
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Okay, next one.
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They _________ I have to work tomorrow.
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So here I have to work tomorrow, this is maybe just information, it sounds like somebody
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passed some information to me.
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So if I want to think of this as like reporting speech, I would use the verb "say" in the
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past tense, "said."
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So I know this should not be "tell" because there's no object here, I know it should not
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be "speak" because there's no "with" and there's no "to" here either, so I know this should
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be they said I have to work tomorrow.
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Of course, this sentence could be, they told me I have to work tomorrow, it sounds more
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like a command, in that case.
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Here, they said I have to work tomorrow, it's very neutral and just a simple report of speech.
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Okay, next one.
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He really needs to _________ with his client.
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So here is a big hint word we have the word "with" here, and we also have "client" here,
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which shows maybe a business or a work setting, therefore, we can guess the verb should be
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"speak."
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He really needs to speak with his client.
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Okay, great!
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Next one.
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Have you _________ your mother the news?
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The news, so here, news is a big hint, new information, new information, and we have
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a person, a person in the object position, a person is going to receive new information.
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So, have you told your mother the news, is the correct sentence here.
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So have you told bla bla bla? is actually a really good sentence for you to remember.
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Have you told your mom about that?
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Have you told your dad about that?
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Have you told your dog about your new park?
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I don't know.
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So anytime you want to pass information or ask a question about information being passed,
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please use "tell" to do that, like we've done here, have you told someone.
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Okay, let's go to the next one.
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We _________ about this at the last meeting.
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So again, meeting here is a big hint that it is a work or a more formal situation, we
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see that this is "the last meeting," so something that has finished already.
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So let's use past tense "spoke."
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We spoke about this at the last meeting.
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Here, I have introduced something slightly different from this "speak with" or "speak
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to."
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If you want to mention a topic rather than about a person, we can use "speak about" a
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topic, speak about something.
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We spoke about this at the last meeting.
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We can use speak to introduce a topic, as well.
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So please note that this is an option.
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Okay, let's go to the next one.
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You always _______ nice things.
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So "always" here, I have a word which indicates a regular action, something that is always
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true.
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We talked about an example over here, though I used "never" here, however, the grammar
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is still the same, we should still use the same grammar nuance, the same grammar point
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here.
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So let's use the present tense "say."
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You always say nice things.
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So someone always says positive things or someone always makes very positive comments,
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like, for example, everybody in the comments on these videos, everybody always says very
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nice things.
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We can use "always say" to talk about something that a person always says.
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Okay, finally, the same thing.
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He always _________ the truth.
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Okay, now this is tricky.
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I've used "always" here, I used "always" in the previous one, as well, but the thing I
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want to point out is this the truth at the end of the sentence, there's a set phrase
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in English, we don't use "say" we actually use "tell" with the expression "the truth."
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He always tells the truth.
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So the expressions "tell the truth," and the opposite "tell a lie."
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We always use the verb "tell" with this, you might hear I sometimes hear non-native speakers
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of English, they "say a lie" or "say the truth," but this is not natural.
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Please be sure to use "tell the truth" or "tell a lie"; we always use "tell" in these
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cases, so please be careful of that.
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Okay, but we've talked about a lot of different ways to use these three verbs, and I hope
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that it's a little bit more clear now when to use them, especially "say" and "tell,"
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many people have a little bit of confusion between these two.
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But "speak" is also quite useful as well.
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Okay, so I hope that was useful for you.
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If you have any questions, please be sure to let us know in the comment section below
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