Understanding the present perfect in English | Learn English with Cambridge

18,054 views ・ 2019-09-17

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μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:10
Learning a second language can be tricky sometimes.
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제2μ™Έκ΅­μ–΄λ₯Ό λ°°μš°λŠ” 것은 λ•Œλ‘œ κΉŒλ‹€λ‘œμšΈ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:13
I’ve been a teacher for more than 12 years,
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μ €λŠ” 12λ…„ 이상 κ΅μ‚¬λ‘œ 일해 μ™”μœΌλ©°
00:16
and I’ve noticed that many students have difficulty
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λ§Žμ€ 학생듀이
00:20
with the present perfect form.
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œν˜•μ— 어렀움을 κ²ͺλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
We use the present perfect form to talk about actions
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00:26
that have been completed,
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μ™„λ£Œλ˜μ—ˆκ±°λ‚˜ 과거의
00:27
or that have happened from a certain time
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νŠΉμ • μ‹œκ°„λΆ€ν„°
00:30
in the past until now.
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ λ°œμƒν•œ λ™μž‘μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
To form the present perfect, we use have in the present,
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό ν˜•μ„±ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν˜„μž¬μ—λŠ” haveλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©
00:37
and the main verb in the past participle form.
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ν•˜κ³  κ³Όκ±° 뢄사 ν˜•νƒœμ˜ 본동사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
If I say,
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00:42
I have been a teacher for 12 years, it means
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12λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ ꡐ사λ₯Ό ν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄
00:46
that I’m still a teacher today.
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μ§€κΈˆλ„ μ—¬μ „νžˆ κ΅μ‚¬λΌλŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
It’s different from,
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00:50
I was a teacher for 12 years.
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12λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒκ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
That means that, now, I’m not a teacher anymore.
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즉, 이제 λ‚˜λŠ” 더 이상 ꡐ사가 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:56
With he, she, it,
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κ·Έ, κ·Έλ…€, 그것과 ν•¨κ»˜
00:57
we use has and the past participle of the main verb.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ£Όλ™μ‚¬μ˜ κ³Όκ±° 뢄사와 hasλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
01:01
So we say, she has been to London,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:04
which means that in some time in the past,
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즉, κ³Όκ±° μ–΄λŠ μ‹œμ μ—
01:07
she was in London.
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λŸ°λ˜μ— μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
What’s important in the present perfect is the action,
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œμ—μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은 행동
01:12
and not necessarily the time when it happened.
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이지 λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ μΌμ–΄λ‚œ μ‹œκ°„μ€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
01:15
So remember, to make a phrase perfect,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ ꡬλ₯Ό μ™„λ²½ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€λ €λ©΄
01:18
use have in the present
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ν˜„μž¬μ—λŠ” haveλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©
01:21
and the main verb in the past part participle tense.
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ν•˜κ³  κ³Όκ±° 뢄사 μ‹œμ œμ—λŠ” 본동사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
01:24
So what have you done, lately?
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μ΅œκ·Όμ— 무엇을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
01:26
Tell me in the comments section, using the present perfect.
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λŒ“κΈ€λž€μ— ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 말씀해 μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
01:30
I hope this video has helped.
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이 λΉ„λ””μ˜€κ°€ 도움이 λ˜μ—ˆκΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
Don’t forget to like it,
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μ’‹μ•„μš”λ₯Ό λˆ„λ₯΄κ³ 
01:33
share with your friends and subscribe to our channel.
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μΉœκ΅¬μ™€ 곡유 ν•˜κ³  채널을 κ΅¬λ…ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μžŠμ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.
01:37
I’ll see you soon.
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곧 λ΅™κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:38
Bye.
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μ•ˆλ…•.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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