ADVERBS - Parts of Speech Lesson 5 - Basic English Grammar - What is an Adverb - Examples, Exercises

922,253 views

2017-02-22 ・ Learn English Lab


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ADVERBS - Parts of Speech Lesson 5 - Basic English Grammar - What is an Adverb - Examples, Exercises

922,253 views ・ 2017-02-22

Learn English Lab


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

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Hey there, in this lesson, I am going to teach you
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all about adverbs.
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You will learn what is an adverb, what are the different types of adverbs and
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how to use adverbs correctly.
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We will focus on avoiding common mistakes in two areas
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comparative and superlative forms and then the very important topic, putting adverbs
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in the correct position in a sentence.
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So let’s start.
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Before we begin, as always, if you have any questions at all,
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just let me know in the comments section below, and I will talk to you there.
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Alright, so to start, let me ask you a question what is an adverb?
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Some people say adverbs are like adjectives – you know adjectives
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(words like good, bad, beautiful, tall, short etc.)
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they give information about nouns.
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So people say adverbs give information about verbs.
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Well, that’s only half-correct.
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Because adverbs are very talented words they can give us information about verbs
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but they can also give us information about adjectives,
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other adverbs and even about whole sentences.
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Now adverbs are all around us – words like slowly,
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unfortunately, very, enough, tomorrow, however, always
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and so on and so forth.
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I’m sure you use adverbs all the time.
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But why do we use them?
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Well we use adverbs because they answer some important questions about our sentences
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questions like when, where, how, how much, how often etc.
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Take a look at these examples: in number one, ‘He ate the sandwich quickly’ - ‘quickly’
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is the adverb it gives information about the verb ‘ate’
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how did he eat the sandwich?
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He ate it quickly.
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In number two, how beautiful is Tami in that dress?
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She is really beautiful (it means very beautiful).
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So the adverb ‘really’ modifies the adjective ‘beautiful’
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that means it gives information about the adjective.
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In number three, we have an adverb of place.
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Can you identify it?
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It’s the word ‘here’ which gives us the answer to the question ‘where’.
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In number four, we have an adverb of time – which is it?
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It’s ‘yesterday’ and it tells us when.
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And in number five, can you identify the adverb?
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The adverb is the word ‘sometimes’ which answers
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the question ‘How often’ – How often do I drink coffee?
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Every morning?
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No, only sometimes.
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So here you see all the different things that adverbs can do.
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And based on these functions (or the different jobs that they do),
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adverbs are divided into five common types.
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Let’s talk about that.
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OK, adverbs are usually classified as adverbs of manner,
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degree, place, time and frequency.
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Adverbs of manner tell us how (that is, in what way an action
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happens).
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Adverbs of degreetell us how much (very good, really strong and so on).
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Adverbs of place and time tell us where and when.
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Adverbs of frequency tell us how often (always, never, sometimes and etc.).
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Now there are also many other types such as adverbs
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of opinion - ‘fortunately’, ‘personally’, ‘sadly’ etc.
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these help us to express our point of view, and there are also connecting or linking adverbs
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like ‘moreover’, ‘however’, ‘on the other
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hand’, ‘therefore’ etc.
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But the most important adverbs for us are the five that we discussed.
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OK, at this point, I want to give you an important tip about words that end with
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'ly'. When you say adverb, people generally think
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of words like slowly, quickly, happily, sadly, quietly,
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loudly and so on.
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So it’s easy to think that all adverbs end with ‘ly’.
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But this is not true.
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In this chart, you can see many examples of adverbs that
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have this ending.
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Also, there are many adjectives that have this ending.
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words like friendly (like She’s a friendly person) or
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lovely (what a lovely bouquet – that’s a bunch of flowers)
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these are adjectives, not adverbs.
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So remember: many adverbs don’t end with ‘ly’ and
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some words that end with ‘ly’ can be adjectives.
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So, now, before we go any further, I want to give you
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a quick test and check if you can identify adverbs correctly.
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On the screen you see five sentences, and I want you to
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identify all the adverbs.
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You get extra points if you can say what type of adverb.
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Pause the video now, think about your answers, and then
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play the video again and check.
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OK, how many adverbs did you identify?
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Let’s see.
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In the first sentence, there are two adverbs.
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‘there’ is an adverb of place and ‘quietly’ is an adverb of
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manner – i.e. it says how the action happened.
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Both of these adverbs modify the verb ‘sat’.
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In number two, the adverb is ‘yesterday ’ – it’s
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an adverb of time.
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In number three, there are again, two adverbs.
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One is ‘downstairs ’ – an adverb of place
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and the second is ‘fast’ - an adverb of manner.
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In sentence number four, the adverb is ‘everyday’ and it is an adverb of frequency.
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And in number five, again two adverbs, ‘well’
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which is an adverb of manner – it tells us that Camila
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speaks English well – and word ‘quite’ which is an adverb of
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degree – it gives information about ‘well’, that is,
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how well?
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Quite well.
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It’s like saying ‘very well’.
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So did you get all of the adverbs?
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Alright, now that you know how to identify adverbs,
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let’s move on and talk about comparative and superlative
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forms of adverbs and how to avoid mistakes when using them.
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When we think of comparatives and superlatives, we usually
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think of adjectives – more beautiful, less expensive,
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stronger, higher etc.
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But adverbs also have comparative and superlative forms.
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These are very easy but many people make a common mistake here.
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Let’s look at some examples and I’ll explain.
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On the screen, you see two sentences.
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Both of these have comparative adverbs.
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In the first sentence, "can you please speak more loudly?"
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So we’ve added ‘more’ to the adverb 'loudly' and it becomes a comparative
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that modifies the verb ‘speak’.
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In the same way, in number two, adults learn things less quickly than children
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do – that means children learn more quickly and adults learn
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less quickly.
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So the comparative adverb ‘less quickly’ modifies the verb ‘learn’.
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These two are easy.
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But here’s where people make mistakes.
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Now you see two more examples but this time, I want you
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to choose the correct comparative form in each sentence.
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Stop the video and think about your answers, then play the video again and check.
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OK, let’s discuss them.
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In number three, Leon’s car goes faster than Benjamin’s.
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Now the word ‘fast’ can be an adjective (if it modifies a noun or pronoun) or it can
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be an adverb (like here, it gives information about the
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verb ‘goes’).
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And the comparative form is always ‘faster’.
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It's not more fast or fastly.
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Both of those are errors.
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Never say them.
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And the superlative form of ‘fast’ is ‘fastest’.
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Like if you want to say “Leon’s car goes the fastest.”
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OK and in number four, "Amutha sings better than Mary does."
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This one is a little tricky because if you don’t want to compare,
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normally, you would just say "Amutha sings well."
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Well is the adverb.
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But in this sentence, we want to compare Amutha’s singing
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with Mary’s singing.
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The comparative form of well is better.
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Never more well or more better.
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Don’t say them.
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And the superlative form of ‘well’ is best.
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Did you get both of these right?
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OK, now the important point here is that there are some adverbs
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which have either ‘er’ and ‘est’ forms or irregular comparative
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and superlative forms.
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You see some of these on the screen.
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It’s a good idea for you to memorize these forms so that you
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use them correctly.
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And if you want to learn more about comparative and superlative forms of adjectives,
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see my lesson on adjectives in this series.
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Alright, now let’s move on to our final topic in this lesson,
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and that is the position of adverbs in a sentence.
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OK, now this is probably where learners of English make the
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most mistakes with adverbs.
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Over the years, many of my students have asked me “where exactly should I put
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an adverb in a sentence?
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It’s so confusing.”
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OK, well first let me ask you, how many positions can an adverb have in a
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sentence?
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The answer is three.
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There are three possible positions for an adverb in a
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sentence.
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These are: beginning, middle and end.
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Look at these examples: In the first example, "Hopefully, my wife
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will be waiting for me at the airport" - the adverb is hopefully.
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It shows my opinion (I hope) and it is in the beginning
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or initial position.
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The beginning position means that the adverb is at start of the sentence/clause or before
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the subject of the sentence.
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In the next two examples, the adverb is in the middle position,
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that is, between the subject and the main verb.
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In number two, the adverb ‘often ’ comes directly after the
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subject (I) and before the verb (travel).
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In number three, the adverb ‘still’ comes after the
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helping verb (am) and before the main verb (working).
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But this is still called the middle position because it’s not
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in the beginning or end.
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In the last example, you see an adverb in the end position
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or at the end of the sentence or clause -
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the adverb 'beautifully.'
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OK, so how do you decide where to put an adverb?
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Well, the bad news is that there are many, many, many, many
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rules regarding adverb position in English.
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But thankfully, there’s some good news too.
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And that is, if you know the most important rules,
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you can avoid the most common mistakes.
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So let’s talk about these rules now.
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OK, now before I give you the rules, I’m going to test how much you know.
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On the screen, there are nine sentences.
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All nine sentences are wrong.
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They have errors in the position of adverbs (the adverbs are underlined).
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In each sentence, I want you to correct the error by putting
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the adverb in the correct position.
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Stop the video, think about your answers, then play the video again and check.
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Alright, let’s look at the answers.
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The first two sentences have adverbs of degree in them.
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In number one, the sentence should be "Maya looks extremely angry."
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This is because when an adverb of degree (extremely, in this case)
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modifies an adjective (like angry), the adverb should come first.
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So adverb first then adjective.
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In number two, the problem is that adverbs of degree (very, really etc.)
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don’t usually occur at the beginning.
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This is just like the last example but here, the adverb 'really' tells us about
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the verb likes.
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So the best place to put it is right before the verb.
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So Lucy really likes pancakes.
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Sentences three and four have adverbs of manner.
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So what about number three?
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Here, the adverb (carefully) is in between the verb (placed) and
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the object of the verb (the candles).
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This is a very important rule.
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Never put an adverb between a verb and its object.
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A verb that has an object is called a transitive verb
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and it loves its object so much, so don’t separate them.
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The best place to put the adverb is before the verb –
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Jeremy carefully placed the candles on the cake.
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In number four, we have an intransitive verb, that is the verb laugh does not have an object
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– you cannot ask laughed who or laughed what
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(if you don’t understand this, watch my lesson on verbs).
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OK so with intransitive verbs (verbs with no object),
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we put the adverb of manner after the verb.
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So The audience laughed loudly at the comedian’s jokes.
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And now let’s turn to adverbs of frequency In number five, what’s the problem?
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Well the problem is that frequency adverbs (like always and never)
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usually go in the middle position (that is between the subject and
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the verb) – so I never watch horror movies.
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Some frequency adverbs like sometimes or often can go at the beginning
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or end position in some situations.
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But usually, we put frequency adverbs in the middle position - before the main verb.
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That is, except, in a sentence like number six.
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If the main verb is ‘be’ or any form of be –
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am, is, are, was, were or will be, the frequency adverb goes
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after the verb ‘be’ – so Rashida is sometimes late for work.
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But this is only for the verb ‘be’.
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OK, what about number seven?
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Here, notice here that there are two verbs – the main verb is carry but
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there’s also a helping verb – should (which is a modal
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verb).
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When there is a helping verb, we usually put adverbs of frequency
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between the helping and main verbs – so find the
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two verbs and stick the adverb in the middle.
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So You should always carry a first-aid kit in your car.
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In number eight, the adverb every year is in the wrong place
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it should be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence
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it's a little more natural to put it at the end.
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So I go to my family home for Christmas every year
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The rule here is that if you have an adverb of frequency
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that is definite, meaning it mentions day, week, month or year,
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it goes at the beginning or end position.
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In number nine, the problem is similar – if you have an adverb
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that says how many times: once, twice etc. it has to go
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to the end – it’s not common to put it at the beginning or
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middle position – it has to go at the end.
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So Marcos has eaten sushi twice.
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How many of these did you get right?
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Now I know that we just looked at a lot of rules.
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And you know what, these aren’t all the rules for adverb
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position, there are many more.
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But if you know these rules the rules that we just discussed, you will
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be able to avoid the most common mistakes with adverbs
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And I promise they will get easier with time and practice.
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OK, so in this lesson, we first looked at what is an adverb
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then we discussed the different types of adverbs
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adverbs of manner, degree, place, time and frequency
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and then we turned to avoiding common errors
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first with comparative and superlative forms of adverbs
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and finally, with putting adverbs in the correct position in sentences
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Alright, I hope you enjoyed this lesson. Subscribe to this channel for more free English lessons
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and I will see you in another lesson soon.
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