Improve Your English Grammar in ONE HOUR | Advanced English Grammar

203,640 views ใƒป 2023-01-18

JForrest English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Welcome to this one hour English lesson. Inย  this lesson we're going to review Advancedย ย 
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์ด 1์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰
00:05
Grammar topic, so you can learn and correct someย  of the most common grammar mistakes that advancedย ย 
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:12
students make. Now because this is a long lessonย  is divided into individual sections where you'llย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ๊ธด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
00:19
first review a grammar concept, and then you'llย  complete a quiz to make sure you understand thatย ย 
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๋จผ์ € ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์„น์…˜์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:26
concept. Welcome back to JForrest Englishย  training. Of course I'm Jennifer and thisย ย 
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. JForrest English ๊ต์œก์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ €๋Š” ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์ด๊ณ  ์ด๊ณณ์€ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ 
00:30
is your place to become a fluent confidentย  English speaker. Let's get started. First,ย ย 
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์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž. ๋จผ์ €
00:40
let's talk about the difference between a bin andย  being both of these are simply different forms ofย ย 
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bin๊ณผ being์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‘˜์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ be ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:47
the verb to be. So Bin is the past participle andย  being is the present participle. Now when you useย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Bin์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  being์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
00:59
one or the other simply depends on the verb tenseย  but the sentence requires and how do you knowย ย 
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๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
01:08
which verb tenses sentence requires? Well, youย  need to look at your time reference and understandย ย 
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? ๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ 
01:15
where you are on a timeline. And if you're talkingย  about the past, the present or the future and howย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํƒ€์ž„๋ผ์ธ์˜ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ 
01:23
those actions interact with one another, okay,ย  so we use then in the present perfect verb tense.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ then์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
For example, how have you been the question? Howย  have you been? This is in the present perfect,ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์–ด๋– ์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋ƒˆ๋‚˜ ์š”? ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
and then your answer could also be in the presentย  perfect. I've been busy. I have as a contraction,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๋‹ต๋ณ€๋„ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋นด ์—ˆ์–ด. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ถ•์œผ๋กœ,
01:51
I've, I've been busy. So your key here to knowย  when to use Ben or Bing is that Ben is used withย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š”, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋นด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ Ben ๋˜๋Š” Bing์„ ์–ธ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ Ben์ด ๋ณด์กฐ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:02
the auxiliary for have remember that have can beย  conjugated as has with he or she. So it will beย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
02:11
she has been busy. I have been busy. So when youย  see the verb have or has, you know your sentenceย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋นด์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋นด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ have ๋˜๋Š” has๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด
02:20
needs been. And that's the present perfect verbย  tense. Now another time we use been is in theย ย 
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need been์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€
02:29
past perfect. So for example, I have been there Iย  had been there. Here your key is that then is usedย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ then์ด
02:42
with had so had is just the past form of the verbย  ha. So again, you can just memorize when you seeย ย 
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had์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ had๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ha์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
02:51
have even if it's in a different conjugation orย  in the past, you need Ben. Being on the other handย ย 
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have๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™œ์šฉํ˜•์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์žˆ๋”๋ผ๋„ Ben์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์•”๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์กด์žฌ๋Š”
03:01
is used with completely different verb tenses.ย  Being is the present participle. So it's usedย ย 
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กด์žฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
03:09
in the continuous form. It's the verb in ing inย  that sense, it's used in the present continuous.ย ย 
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์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ in ing์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
I could say she's being difficult. She is she'sย  being difficult. So here your key as that being isย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์—ด์‡ ๋Š”
03:29
used with the auxiliary verb TO BE she is is is aย  form of the verb to be, it would be you are beingย ย 
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ TO BE์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. she is๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ to be์˜ ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. you are being
03:38
difficult are is an auxilary of the verb to be.ย  So when you have the verb to be, you know you needย ย 
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์–ด๋ ค์šด are๋Š” be ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ be ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
03:46
being we also use being in the past continuous.ย  I could say she was being difficult, or theyย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์—๋„ be๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
03:57
were being difficult. So again, we're using theย  auxiliary verb to be but it's just conjugatedย ย 
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์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ to๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:03
in the past as was or work. So your clue forย  being is when it's used with the verb to be inย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” as was ๋˜๋Š” work๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์กด์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹จ์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์™€
04:12
a present form conjugated with the subject or inย  the past form, which is either was or were. Nowย ย 
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๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜• ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•(์˜ˆ: was ๋˜๋Š” were)์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
04:20
being can also be used as a gerund verb. So that'sย  the verb and ing, but it's actually being used asย ย 
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์กด์žฌ๋Š” ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ing์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š”
04:28
the subject of a sentence. So simply put, I canย  start my sentence with a gerund verb, and thisย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—
04:37
is to make a general statement that applies to aย  general situation so I could say being difficultย ย 
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์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์€
04:46
is not a good personality trait. Okay, it's justย  a general statement that applies most of the time.ย ย 
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์ข‹์€ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ง„์ˆ ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
Being difficult is not a good personality trait.ย  So notice my sentence starts with the verb beingย ย 
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์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์€ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— being ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”
05:04
because of that the gerund verb, so that's a moreย  advanced way to use the verb being. So that's toย ย 
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. ์ด๋Š” being ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋” ๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
05:12
summarize when you're going to use been or beingย  remember that they're just different forms of theย ย 
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been ๋˜๋Š” being์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋Š”
05:19
verb to be and when you use them depends onย  the verb tense, but the sentence requires,ย ย 
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to be ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
05:25
and the sentence requires a specific verb tense,ย  depending on the time reference and if you're inย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” ํŠน์ • ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ œ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
05:32
the past, present, or future, so now this isย  a lot of information, the best way to trulyย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
05:38
understand this information is to practice it.ย  So you have a lot of work to do. I want you toย ย 
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์ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
05:44
leave five sentences in the comment, one with theย  present perfect, past perfect, present continuous,ย ย 
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๋Œ“๊ธ€์— 5๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ๊ธธ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰,
05:53
past continuous and bonus points. If you can get aย  Geron statement. Remember, all of these are usingย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ ๋ฐ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ํฌ์ธํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Geron ๋ช…์„ธ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ . ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
06:01
been or being so get to where you're going to haveย  to review this lesson again, because there's a lotย ย 
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06:08
of information in here so just take it slow. Areย  you ready for your quiz? Here are your questionsย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์‹œ
06:14
hit pause, take as much time as you need andย  when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.ย ย 
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์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€์„ธ์š”. ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
06:31
Now let's talk about the difference betweenย  Ben two and Ben. And so here are two exampleย ย 
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์ด์ œ Ben two์™€ Ben์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ
06:38
sentences. I've been to Paris five times.ย  I've been in Paris for five weeks. What'sย ย 
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์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” 5์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
the difference between these sentences? Well,ย  let's talk about the first one. I've been toย ย 
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์Œ, ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š”
06:50
Paris five times. Notice that this sentence is inย  the present perfect. The structure of the presentย ย 
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ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š”
06:57
perfect is subject have or has conjugated with theย  subject, the participle form of the verb. The verbย ย 
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ธ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
here is the verb to be. So the past participle ofย  the verb to be is been, we use been with all theย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” be๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ be ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” been์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“ 
07:16
subjects and then the rest of your sentence. I'veย  been to Paris five times. So why is this sentenceย ย 
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์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— been์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด
07:24
in the present perfect? Well, it's because we useย  the present perfect for life experience. And weย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์ธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ธ€์Ž„, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
07:31
use it for life experience, because our lifeย  is an ongoing timeline. And because of that,ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์€ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ํƒ€์ž„๋ผ์ธ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ธ์ƒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ์—ฌํ–‰๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
07:39
we're talking about actions that started in theย  past such as traveling to Paris, but it's anย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง
07:47
unfinished timeline, so I can continue doing thisย  action in the future. So I've been to Paris fiveย ย 
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๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํƒ€์ž„๋ผ์ธ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ด ํ–‰๋™์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š”
07:55
times until now, and it's possible for me to go toย  Paris again. So maybe next year I'll say I've beenย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ”๊ณ , ๋‹ค์‹œ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฐˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‚ด๋…„์— ๋‚˜๋Š”
08:04
to Paris six times. Because of that the sentenceย  is in the present perfect when we use the presentย ย 
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ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
08:12
perfect with the verb to be to as our prepositionย  and a location such as I've been to Paris, Parisย ย 
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋กœ to be ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์ด๋ฉฐ I've been to Paris, Paris์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ„์น˜๋Š”
08:21
is the location five times. So we do this to talkย  about places we've traveled, or places we haven'tย ย 
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์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ 5๋ฒˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ๋‚˜ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:30
traveled. Because things we haven't done is alsoย  part of our life experience so we can put thingsย ย 
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ผ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜์ง€
08:37
we haven't done in the present perfect as well.ย  So for example, I could say I've been to Thailandย ย 
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์•Š์€ ์ผ๋„ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํƒœ๊ตญ์—๋Š”
08:43
once, but I haven't been to Myanmar. Now let'sย  compare this to I've been in Paris for five weeks.ย ย 
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ€๋ดค์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ์–€๋งˆ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ 5์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:55
Now here this sentence is also in the presentย  perfect, but the reason why this sentenceย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋„ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด
09:01
is in the present perfect is different.ย  We're not talking about life experience,ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์ธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ์ƒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:06
per se. We're talking about an action that startedย  in the past and continues on till now. So noticeย ย 
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. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ
09:14
I said I've been in Paris for five weeks. So whatย  this means is five weeks ago, I arrived in Paris.ย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— 5์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์ž–์•„์š”. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š” 5์ฃผ ์ „์— ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
That action started in the past, but here'sย  the important thing. I'm in Paris, right now,ย ย 
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๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
if I say I've been in Paris for five weeks,ย  I'm currently in Paris. Okay? That's theย ย 
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ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— 5์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
09:43
very important thing to keep in mind. So when weย  use the present perfect with the verb to be theย ย 
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๋ช…์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ
09:50
preposition in, and then a location. This is usedย  to talk about where we are now. And that actionย ย 
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์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์€
09:59
started in the past, but it continues until now.ย  For example, I could say my flight was canceled,ย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํ•ญ๊ณตํŽธ์ด ์ทจ์†Œ๋˜์–ด
10:06
so I've been in Texas for three days. So rightย  now I'm in Texas. Maybe I'm not supposed to beย ย 
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ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค์— 3์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ €๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ €๋Š” ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:15
in Texas. I'm supposed to be in Paris, but myย  flight was canceled, so I'm stuck in Texas.ย ย 
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. ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•ญ๊ณตํŽธ์ด ์ทจ์†Œ๋˜์–ด ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค์— ๊ฐ‡ํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
The action started in the past three days ago,ย  and it continues until now. I've been in Texasย ย 
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์ž‘์—…์€ ์ง€๋‚œ 3์ผ ์ „์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค์—
10:28
for three days. So now you know how to use theย  present perfect with the verb to be I've been toย ย 
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3์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ I've been to
10:36
or I've been in and a location. So it's your turnย  to practice. I want you to leave two examples andย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” I've been in ๋ฐ a location์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ฐจ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ 
10:45
why not try different subjects? So you canย  practice conjugating your verb have or haveย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ have ๋˜๋Š” have๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:51
with your subject. So put those in the commentsย  below. Are you ready for your quiz? Here are yourย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜
10:57
questions hit pause take as much time as you needย  and when you're ready, hit play to see the answersย ย 
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์‹œ์ค‘์ง€์—๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์†Œ์š”๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ต์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
11:15
now let's talk about the difference between haveย  thought and was gone. So first you need to seeย ย 
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์ด์ œ have ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
11:21
these in sentences to understand the full context.ย  She's already gone home. Notice that contractionย ย 
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์ „์ฒด ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋จผ์ € ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ถ•์€
11:29
she's in this case the as represent had she hasย  already gone home. She's already gone home orย ย 
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ”๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
11:39
I could say she was gone when I got home. Soย  what's the difference between these two? Well,ย ย 
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์ง‘์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‘˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์Œ,
11:45
they're different verb tenses. Has Gone is theย  present perfect verb tense. We form the presentย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Has Gone์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์—
11:54
perfect with the subject has or have, dependingย  on the subject, and the third form of the verb theย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š”
12:03
past participle. So in our sentence, she's alreadyย  gone home. Our main verb in this sentence is theย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š”
12:11
verb to go. And that we're taking that verb goย  and we're conjugating it in the present perfect,ย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ to go์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
because our subject is she we need have as ourย  auxiliary verb, and then I take my verb go andย ย 
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
I put it in the third form the past participleย  and that's gone. Go winds gone. She's alreadyย ย 
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๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ
12:34
gone home. And this sentence is in the presentย  perfect because it's a completed past action,ย ย 
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์ง‘์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋™์ž‘์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ
12:41
but it has a present consequence. Now let's talkย  about was gone. This sentence structure is to beย ย 
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์ด์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:50
gone. So in this case, gone is being used as anย  adjective, and our main verb is B. Now because ofย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” gone์ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” B์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
13:01
that, we need to conjugate our main verb in theย  past, present or future and in this case, was isย ย 
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ was๋Š”
13:09
the past simple conjugation of the verb to be. Andย  it's the past simple with the subject. She she wasย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ™œ์šฉํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. be ๋™์‚ฌ์˜. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
13:18
gone when I got home in terms of meaning when Iย  say she was gone when I got home all I'm sayingย ย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
13:26
is that she's no longer here now. So now you canย  see we have two different sentence structures inย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ด์ œ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
the first one we have the verb to go conjugatedย  in the present perfect. In the second one, weย ย 
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ
13:40
have the sentence structure to be gone conjugatedย  in the past simple. Now you might be wondering,ย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ดํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:47
when do we use to go and when do we use to beย  gone? Well, we use the verb to go when we'reย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์–ธ์ œ ๋– ๋‚˜๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์Œ,
13:55
talking about movement, and we use the verb TO BEย  GONE simply to mean no longer here, so we want toย ย 
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์ด๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ๋™์‚ฌ TO BE GONE์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ด๋™์ด
14:04
emphasize the options of something or someone notย  necessarily their movements. Another difference isย ย 
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์•„๋‹Œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์˜ต์…˜์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€
14:12
that to go talking about movement, this is used inย  an everyday context is the most commonly used theย ย 
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์ด๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
14:20
most natural when we used to be gone talking aboutย  the absence. This is used more in a narrative. Soย ย 
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๋ถ€์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด๋Ÿฌํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
14:29
when perhaps you're telling a story, it couldย  be a story to a friend, it could be in a book,ย ย 
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ฑ…์— ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
14:34
it could be in a movie in a newspaper articleย  for example. But you would expect to hear thatย ย 
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์‹ ๋ฌธ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์˜ํ™”์— ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ
14:41
sentence structure more in a narrative form. Soย  now you know the difference between has gone andย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๋‚ด๋Ÿฌํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:48
was gone. So it's your turn to practice. I wantย  you to lead to Example one with has gone and oneย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ฐจ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ฝ”๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์‹œ one with gone and one
14:55
with was gone in the comments. Below. Are youย  ready for your quiz? Here are your questions,ย ย 
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with was gone์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ž˜์—. ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์‹œ
15:00
hit pause take as much time as you need andย  when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.ย ย 
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์ค‘์ง€ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
15:18
Now let's talk about how to use the sentenceย  structure having plus past participle the pastย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ
15:25
participle is your third form of the verb.ย  Now we use this structure when the actionย ย 
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๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜๋ฉด ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:33
is complete. So whenever the action is if theย  structure having plus past participle is used,ย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์ž‘์ด ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ
15:41
you know that the person has done thatย  action. Now as for sentence structure,ย ย 
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ•ด๋‹น ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š”
15:47
this is commonly used to start a sentence. So inย  my case, notice your sentence starts with the verbย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘
15:56
having it doesn't start with a subject. It startsย  with having and it's just implied that whoever isย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ have๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
16:05
talking is the subject so for example, one of theย  most common ways to use this if having said that,ย ย 
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๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•”์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” have said if,
16:15
having said that, so said of course is theย  third form of the verb shed. Having said that,ย ย 
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having said that, which said that, which said of course๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ shed์˜ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
16:25
now, when somebody uses this expression, they'reย  letting you know that they're going to referenceย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
16:33
something that they've previously saidย  in this expression. Having said that,ย ย 
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์ด์ „์— ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์—์„œ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ˆ
16:40
the that is the words that the person previouslyย  set. Now normally they just said it, it was theย ย 
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ •ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
16:50
what they just said. It is possible that it couldย  be something they said a while ago, but generallyย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ ์ „์— ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ
16:58
it's they just sent it. So for example, you couldย  be in a meeting and your boss is praising everyoneย ย 
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๋ณด๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํšŒ์˜ ์ค‘์ด๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์นญ์ฐฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:05
saying Awesome job, guys. We really did a greatย  job this week. Our sales are up our performancesย ย 
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. ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ์— ์ •๋ง ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋งค์ถœ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ค์ ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:12
up. And those are the words now he wants toย  transition. And he could say having said that,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:21
so he's referencing the words he justย  said, Remember the words he just saidย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋งํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋งํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€
17:27
were positive. Okay. So you can say havingย  said that, we still have a lot of work to do.ย ย 
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:35
So he's giving you all this praise, but he wantsย  you to keep in mind but there's still work to do.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์นญ์ฐฌ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:42
So he's balancing it out. Having said that, weย  still have a lot of work to do. So that's a veryย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
17:49
common way to use this expression. But you don'tย  have to only use it with the verb stay. You canย ย 
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์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋™์‚ฌ stay์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:55
use this with pretty much any verb but remember isย  to show that the action is complete. Let's say myย ย 
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋‚ด
18:03
friend and I are talking about marathons, and myย  friend wants to run a marathon is talking aboutย ย 
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์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ผํ†ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ผํ†ค์„ ๋›ฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ
18:10
training for this marathon. Now I could say havingย  run a marathon, having run a marathon, I can giveย ย 
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์ด ๋งˆ๋ผํ†ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ผํ†ค์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋งˆ๋ผํ†ค์„ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
18:20
you some tips. So I'm letting my friend know thatย  this option of running a marathon is completeย ย 
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ๋งˆ๋ผํ†ค ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์˜ต์…˜์ด
18:27
for me. I've done it. I've run a marathon,ย  having run a marathon I can give us some tips.ย ย 
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ์™„์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ ๋๋ƒˆ์–ด. ์ €๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ผํ†ค์„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋งˆ๋ผํ†ค์„ ๋›ด ํ›„ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:35
So we commonly use ones just to show theย  experiences that we've had that are completeย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:42
for us in order to educate or in order to informย  or maybe even in order to show sympathy or empathyย ย 
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๊ต์œกํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋˜๋Š” ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด
18:52
for someone to show that you understand theirย  situation, because you've experienced that asย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:59
well. Now I talked about how most commonly it'sย  used to start a sentence. This isn't the onlyย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ
19:06
location you can use it as the second part of aย  sentence, and it's going to follow a comma. Soย ย 
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์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ์‰ผํ‘œ ๋’ค์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:14
for example, I could say New York City is knownย  for its busy street and having lived there Iย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ €๋Š” ๋‰ด์š•์ด ๋ฒˆํ™”ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ
19:23
can confirm that this is true. So notice it startsย  the next part of a sentence after a comma. And I'mย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‰ผํ‘œ ๋’ค ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋‘ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด
19:30
just using and to show that connection between theย  two ideas. Of course, I can divide these into twoย ย 
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์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด and๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ณ„๋„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜
19:39
separate sentences and say New York City is knownย  for its busy street period. Having lived there,ย ย 
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‰ด์š•์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์‚ด๋‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ˆ
19:48
I can confirm that it's true. So the choice isย  yours. It doesn't really matter. It probablyย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ ํƒ์€ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„
19:54
just depends on the sentence. But you will seeย  this most commonly at the start of a sentence.ย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:00
And the important thing to remember is that theย  action is complete. So now you know how to useย ย 
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
20:06
this advanced sentence structure. Of course, it'sย  your turn to practice. So I want you to leaveย ย 
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์ด ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ฐจ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€
20:11
three different examples using three differentย  verbs. So you also really get comfortable withย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜
20:17
the past participle because you need the thirdย  form of the verb which is the least common verbย ย 
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์— ์ •๋ง ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:22
use. So I want you to get comfortable with thatย  as well. So leave three different examples in theย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”
20:27
comments below. Are you ready for your quiz? Hereย  are your questions hit pause, take as much time asย ย 
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. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์‹œ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ 
20:34
you need and when you're ready, hit play to seeย  the answers. Now let's talk about the differentย ย 
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์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด์ œ
20:49
ways you can use the verb appreciate. So ourย  first sentence structure that we can use isย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š”
20:57
you can appreciate plus a now so this is theย  sentence structure you would have obviouslyย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ์„ ๋”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ฃผ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ด๊ณ ,
21:03
subject and then your verb appreciate conjugatedย  with your subject time reference and add subjectย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์ฃผ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:10
as well. And then followed by the word appreciateย  you have a noun and noun is either a something orย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ๋’ค์— ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š”
21:19
someone. So you can say I appreciate your time.ย  So most likely, that's what we need to do hereย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€
21:28
is just get rid of those word devoting and justย  put I appreciate something. I appreciate yourย ย 
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ํ—Œ์‹ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๊ณ  ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:35
time. I appreciate your help. You can alsoย  just appreciate someone I appreciate you.ย ย 
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. ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋„์›€์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:42
Or you can use it in the negative my bossย  doesn't appreciate everything I do forย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:50
this company. So this is probably the mostย  common sentence structure with appreciate.ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
21:58
Another sentence structure when you want to talkย  about someone else is what we needed here is aย ย 
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
22:09
someone else. So with that most likely you'reย  going to use appreciate plus bat and then aย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ฐ•์ฅ์™€ ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:17
clause. Now a cause you need a subject, a verb andย  a lot of the times an object but at least you needย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ์›์ธ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ
22:26
a subject and a verb. So you can say I appreciateย  that you spent your weekend helping me move.ย ย 
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์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋ง์— ์ด์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
22:36
Now this really means the same thing as Iย  appreciate I appreciated your help this weekend.ย ย 
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ๋ง์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:47
Or weekend going to say I appreciate I appreciateย  now even though you helped the weekend,ย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ง์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ก ์ฃผ๋ง์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
22:54
it is already done or it could be a futureย  as well. I appreciate your help this weekend.ย ย 
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์ด๋ฏธ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ๋ง์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:02
So another sentence structure is we're justย  gonna add the two words the fact when we do this,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:09
the meaning does not change between this one. Iย  appreciate that and clause when we add both fact.ย ย 
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ํ•ด๋‹น ์กฐํ•ญ์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:18
To me, it sounds more emphasized makingย  it a little bit more dramatic, stronger. Iย ย 
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๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜์–ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆํ‹ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:25
appreciate the fact that you spent your weekendย  helping me both, again, just emphasizing it.ย ย 
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์ฃผ๋ง์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์…จ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
23:34
Again, we can just simply say I appreciateย  something your help this weekend.ย ย 
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ๋ง์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์”€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:43
Now, this is a sentence structure that mostย  likely many students are using or they'reย ย 
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
23:50
not using correctly and they're not using itย  correctly because of what happens after the Wย ย 
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  W H ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:57
H. So we have appreciate then w h which is whoย  what when, why where or how we consider how aย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ ์–ด๋””์„œ ๋˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
24:07
W H and then we still need a clause so you haveย  a subject for an object. So we don't have a verbย ย 
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W H๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”
24:17
besides the w h we have a subject okay. So youย  could say I appreciate who they are as people.ย ย 
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w h ์™ธ์—๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:27
So who is our W H and then we have aย  clause they are subject for Now honestly,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ WH๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ์กฐํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์†”์งํžˆ,
24:35
this really just means I appreciate. It's justย  another way of saying it really and that's what Iย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:43
want you to understand from this is that thereย  are many different ways in English to say theย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด ์ฃผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜์–ด์—๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:50
same thing. And they're all correct. They'reย  just simply different grammatical structures.ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:56
And when you feel really confident withย  your English is because you're able toย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜์–ด์— ์ •๋ง ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
25:02
use different structures and understand how toย  use them use them correctly. And understand whenย ย 
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ธ์ œ
25:10
the meaning changes and when theย  meaning doesn't change as well.ย ย 
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์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ณ  ์–ธ์ œ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„
25:16
You could say I appreciate everyone who sent inย  a question or questions who sent in a question.ย ย 
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๋ณด๋‚ด์ฃผ์‹  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ฃผ์‹  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:28
I appreciate what you're trying to say.ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:34
I appreciate what you do for this company. Iย  appreciate when you submit your questions. Iย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ์ถœํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
25:44
appreciate where you're trying to take thisย  company or I appreciate why you feel youย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์Šน์ง„ํ•  ์ž๊ฒฉ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์ด์œ ์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
25:51
deserve a promotion. Now how a lot of times whenย  we use how you're going to see much I appreciateย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์ด
26:00
how much you do for this company. So this is aย  more advanced sentence structure, but I reallyย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €๋Š”
26:09
encourage you to get comfortable with it. But makeย  sure you pay attention that the W H plus a subjectย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ W H์™€ ์ฃผ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•œ ๋’ค
26:19
a final sentence structure that you can use isย  appreciate and then a pronoun and then a gerund.ย ย 
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ƒ, ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ, ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
26:29
This is also a more advanced structure. You canย  say I appreciate you helping me today. So hereย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋” ์ง„๋ณด๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
26:39
this is exactly the same as I appreciate your helpย  today. Or I appreciate the fact that you helped meย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๋„์›€์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
26:48
today. I appreciate how much you helped me today.ย  Ultimately, they're saying the same thing. They'reย ย 
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. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋ฅผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์…จ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
26:55
just really different. Sentence Structures. Areย  you ready for your quiz? Here are your questionsย ย 
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์ •๋ง ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ. ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์‹œ
27:01
hit pause take as much time as you need andย  when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.ย ย 
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์ค‘์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
27:19
Now let's talk about the difference between theย  verb wonder and wondering what's the differenceย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ wonder์™€ wonder์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. I wonder
27:25
between I wonder I'm wondering and I wasย  wondering, let's look at all three in anย ย 
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I'm wonder์™€ I was wonder์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
27:33
example sentence. I wonder what time theย  store opens. I'm wondering what time theย ย 
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. ๋งค์žฅ์ด ๋ช‡ ์‹œ์— ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์žฅ์ด ๋ช‡ ์‹œ์—
27:40
store opens. I was wondering what time the storeย  opens. What's the difference between all three?ย ย 
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๋ฌธ์„ ์—ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์žฅ์ด ๋ช‡ ์‹œ์— ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
27:47
Ultimately there's a very subtle difference andย  you can use any one of the three and it will beย ย 
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๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
27:54
grammatically correct. It will sound naturalย  and there'll be a very minor difference inย ย 
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ ์—์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
28:01
meaning the difference is quite insignificant. Soย  don't overthink this. If that explanation is tooย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ ์„ค๋ช…์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด
28:08
complicated for you just know that anyone willย  do the trick. Now let's look at the differenceย ย 
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๋ณต์žกํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ํŠธ๋ฆญ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ๋งŒ ์•Œ์•„๋‘์„ธ์š” . ์ด์ œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„
28:15
between them a little bit more. Well, you'veย  probably noticed that the verb tense is different.ย ย 
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Œ, ์•„๋งˆ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ„์…จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:22
Now that's really it. The verb tense is different,ย  but ultimately the meaning is the same. So ofย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ •๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
28:30
course I wonder what time the store opens. Whatย  room tensions best. The Present Simple we useย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋งค์žฅ์ด ๋ช‡ ์‹œ์— ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฃธ ํ…์…˜์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€๊ฐ€์š”? ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•
28:38
the verb wonder in the present simple mainlyย  when it's an in general situation. So the factย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ผ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
28:46
that we're wondering isn't really limited to thisย  moment in time. It's just taking place in general.ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—๋งŒ ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:54
And we also use I wonder more when we're thinkingย  oh, wow, I wonder I wonder I wonder what I shouldย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ I wonder more๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค oh, wow, I wonder I wonder I wonder I should I should
29:04
have for lunch today. But as we're thinkingย  out loud, we don't always want an answer orย ย 
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์ ์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด์–ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‹ต์„ ์›ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
29:13
expect an answer. So let's imagine that you'reย  my coworker and you're standing right beside me.ย ย 
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๋‹ต์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‚ด ๋™๋ฃŒ์ด๊ณ  ๋‚ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜†์— ์„œ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
29:20
We're in the kitchen at work and I say out loud.ย  I wonder what I should have for lunch today.ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์—Œ์— ์žˆ๊ณ  ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ ์‹ฌ์€ ๋ญ˜ ๋จน์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:28
I don't necessarily want you to reply. I'm justย  thinking out loud. But if you as my coworker ifย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‚ด ๋™๋ฃŒ๋กœ์„œ
29:37
you did reply, and you suggested something Iย  should have for lunch. I wouldn't be offendedย ย 
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๋‹ต์žฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ ์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋จน์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด . ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
29:45
by it. I would gladly accept it. But theย  purpose of saying it isn't to get a reply.
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. ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋‹ต์žฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:52
It's just thinking out loud, I'm wondering isย  of course in the present continuous, the Presentย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด์–ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ธ ํ˜„์žฌ
30:01
Continuous is used for actions taking placeย  right now. So in this case when I use the presentย ย 
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์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ
30:08
continuous I'm putting emphasis on the fact thatย  I'm wondering right now this is taking place rightย ย 
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ
30:16
now. We generally use I'm a wondering in theย  present continuous to ask an indirect question.ย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์—์„œ I'm a wonder๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:26
For example, I might say, I'm wondering if youย  could help me move tonight. I'm wondering if youย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค ์ด์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:33
could help me move tonight. Now it's an indirectย  question because I'm not saying directly Can youย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค ์ด์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ„์ ‘ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:40
help me move tonight, which would be a directย  question. It's an indirect question. But in thisย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋ฐค ์ด์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด
30:47
case, I do expect you to reply back and give me anย  answer. I was wondering is the past continuous? Inย ย 
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๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํšŒ์‹ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:58
this case, we're putting emphasis on the factย  that the action I was wondering the action ofย ย 
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์ด๋•Œ ๋“ฏ ์˜์•„ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ํ–‰๋™์ด
31:06
wandering took place in the past. But here'sย  what you need to know. Even though the actionย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:13
of wandering happened in the past. I can still askย  you an indirect question. Now. I was wondering ifย ย 
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๋ฐฉํ™ฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ . ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ.
31:22
you can help me move tonight. So in this case,ย  there really is no difference in meaning betweenย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค ์ด์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์˜๋ฏธ์ƒ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
31:30
the present continuous and the past continuous, Iย  can still use it. To ask an indirect question nowย ย 
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
31:38
is just whether I was contemplating wonderingย  that now or in the past. So that's the veryย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์˜ˆ์ „์— ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ
31:48
subtle difference in meaning, but remember whatย  I said at the beginning that ultimately all threeย ย 
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์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
31:53
can be used to make a statement in the present,ย  even though they use completely different verbย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
32:00
tenses. So the grammar is different. And thereย  is a subtle difference in meaning. However,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜๋ฏธ์—๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
32:06
ultimately, all three are acceptable forms. So nowย  it's your turn. To practice. I want you to leaveย ย 
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๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜•์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹  ์ฐจ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
32:14
three different examples using the Present Simpleย  Present Continuous and past continuous of the verbย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง€์†๊ณผ ๋™์‚ฌ ๊ฒฝ์ด์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง€์†์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
32:21
wonder. So leave those in the comments below. Areย  you ready for your quiz? Here are your questionsย ย 
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. ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์‹œ
32:28
hit pause take as much time as you need andย  when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.ย ย 
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์ค‘์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
32:45
Now let's talk about how to use the advancedย  sentence structure not only x, but also why we useย ย 
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์ด์ œ x๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ
32:54
the expression not only x, but also y to identifyย  two characteristics, traits or points. This is aย ย 
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x๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ y๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ, ํŠน์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ํฌ์ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
33:06
formal expression. You can use it in a businessย  presentation, or in a formal report or an academicย ย 
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ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณต์‹ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•™์ˆ 
33:15
essay. It will help you sound very advanced. Nowย  we have x and y. The thing to keep in mind isย ย 
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์—์„ธ์ด์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ง„๋ณด๋œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ x์™€ y๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ ์€
33:23
that x and y are both going to be positive points,ย  or they're both going to be negative points, butย ย 
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x์™€ y๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์–‘์ˆ˜์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์Œ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ
33:31
we're not making a contrast with x and y so theyย  have to match. For example, I could say Paul'sย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” x์™€ y๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์กฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ผ์น˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด Paul์€
33:40
not only intelligent, but also funny. So here areย  x and y is intelligent and funny. Now notice inย ย 
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๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ x์™€ y๋Š” ์ง€๋Šฅ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
33:50
the second part of our sentence, but also funny,ย  notice how I didn't repeat this subject and verbย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋˜ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
33:58
I didn't repeat but he is also funny. Die, subjectย  and verb is going to apply for both parts of theย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ด, ์ฃผ์ œ ๋ฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
34:07
sentence. So if you say it in part one, you don'tย  have to repeat it in part two is the exact sameย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 1๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด 2๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์–ด
34:14
subject and verb. Now we use this structure notย  only x but also why to add emphasis to her twoย ย 
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์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ x๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์ ์— ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
34:22
points, because let's compare this to just a veryย  simple statement. And I can say Paul's intelligentย ย 
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. ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ง„์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” Paul์ด ๋˜‘๋˜‘
34:29
and funny, Paul's intelligent and funny. Both ofย  these expressions have the exact same meaning.ย ย 
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Paul์€ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‘ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:37
I would say just using not only but also I'mย  emphasizing those two traits and characteristics,ย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
34:45
plus it sounds a lot more advanced. Now inย  this example, both of our traits are positiveย ย 
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:53
intelligent is positive and funny is positive.ย  But I could also use an example where both theย ย 
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์ง€๋Šฅํ˜•์€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
35:01
traits are negative. For example, I could say,ย  Petras, not only lazy but also irresponsible.ย ย 
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฒŒ์œผ๋ฅผ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฌด์ฑ…์ž„ํ•œ Petras๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:12
So notice both my traits my x andย  y, they notch they're both negative.ย ย 
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๋‚ด x์™€ y์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์Œ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:19
Let's look at another example. I improvedย  not only my speaking, but also my writingย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:29
now notice here I improved. My verb is inย  the past. If this was an action in progress,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์ž‘์—…์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
35:36
I could say I'm improving. I'm improving notย  only but also now notice in the second part,ย ย 
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๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ๋„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:44
I still don't repeat the subject and the verbย  because it's the same for the first part and theย ย 
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๊ณผ
35:51
second part so it's not necessary. Now let's lookย  at one more example where I'm going to change theย ย 
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•  ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
35:58
structure just a little bit. I can say not onlyย  does she speak German, she also speaks Dutch.ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋…์ผ์–ด๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์–ด๋„ ํ•  ์ค„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:09
Now notice I'm beginning with not only in thisย  specific case, when I begin with not only I haveย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ด ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
36:20
to include do as an auxiliary verb and of courseย  do is going to be conjugated in the present simpleย ย 
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ do๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฌผ๋ก  do๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ
36:28
or the past simple or whatever time referenceย  you have. So here not only does she speak German,ย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋…์ผ์–ด๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฌผ๋ก 
36:37
but of course in a normal sentence.ย  I would simply say she speaks German,ย ย 
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์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋…์ผ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ค„ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ 
36:44
I wouldn't use the auxiliary verb do.ย  I'm using it in this case, only becauseย ย 
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ do๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:50
I'm starting with not only you can think ofย  this just as a grammar rule that you need toย ย 
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ• 
36:57
apply to this specific structure when you beginย  with not only not only does she speak German,ย ย 
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๋•Œ ์ด ํŠน์ • ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์ ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ทœ์น™์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋…์ผ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
37:05
she also speaks Dutch. Now notice in the secondย  part, I'm not repeating the auxiliary verb does.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ์ €๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ does๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:15
It's not necessary. This is a little more of anย  advanced structure. If it's too advanced for you,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ผญ ํ•„์š” ํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์•„. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
37:23
then you don't need it because you canย  simply say she speaks not only German,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋…์ผ์–ด๋ฟ๋งŒ
37:29
but also Dutch. The meaning is exactly the same.ย  I just wanted to give you the opportunity to takeย ย 
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์–ด๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:37
it a little more advanced as well. Are youย  ready for your quiz? Here are your questions,ย ย 
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์‹œ
37:43
hit pause, take as much time as you need andย  when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.ย ย 
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์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
38:00
Now let's talk about the difference between overย  and during. So what's the difference betweenย ย 
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์ด์ œ over์™€ during์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ฃผ๋ง์—
38:06
saying we went to the beach over the weekend weย  went to the beach during the weekend. Hmm. Now inย ย 
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ํ•ด๋ณ€์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ง์— ํ•ด๋ณ€์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ํ . ์ด์ œ
38:14
this context over and during have the exactย  same naming. However, we only use them inย ย 
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์ด ์ปจํ…์ŠคํŠธ์—์„œ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
38:22
the same way in very specific expressions. Thisย  isn't something we do all the time. You can useย ย 
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:30
over or during and there's no different whenย  you're talking about the weekend, holidays,ย ย 
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over ๋˜๋Š” during์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ฃผ๋ง, ๊ณตํœด์ผ,
38:38
seasons, vacation or meals. For example, youย  could say let's discuss this over lunch. Let'sย ย 
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๊ณ„์ ˆ, ํœด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์ž๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:48
discuss this during lunch. Once is a meal andย  remember I said we can use over or during forย ย 
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์ ์‹ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์˜๋…ผํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์€ ์‹์‚ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ ์‹์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹์‚ฌ ์ค‘์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”
38:57
meals. Now generally native speakers will use overย  ordering without any difference. But there is aย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€ ์•„๋ฌด ์ฐจ์ด ์—†์ด over order๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
39:05
subtle difference. In meaning. And that's whenย  we use over. It sounds like it's the entire timeย ย 
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๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ. ๊ทธ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” over๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:13
from start to finish. So if I say let's talk aboutย  this over lunch, to me, it sounds like the entireย ย 
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์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ ์‹ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ž๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
39:22
lunch from start to finish. We'll be discussingย  the project. So let's discuss the project overย ย 
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์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „์ฒด ์ ์‹ฌ ์‹์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
39:30
lunch. That's the only thing we're doing. Butย  if I say let's discuss the project during lunch,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ ์‹ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์ž๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
39:38
to me that sounds like at one specific point.ย  During lunch, it could be at the beginning ofย ย 
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ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ์‹ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋Š”
39:46
lunch. It could be at the middle of lunch, itย  could be at the end of one, but at one specificย ย 
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์ ์‹ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ์‹ฌ ์‹์‚ฌ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ ์‹ฌ ์‹์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํŠน์ •
39:51
point. We'll discuss the project, but we'll doย  other things as well. So that's the difference,ย ย 
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์ง€์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ๋„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:59
although it's subtle, and most native speakersย  will just use one or the other without thinkingย ย 
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๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€ ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
40:05
about that difference. Now just remember thatย  we only use over and during interchangeably inย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
40:14
that very specific context of weekends holidaysย  vacation meal and sees them outside of thoseย ย 
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์ฃผ๋ง ๊ณตํœด์ผ ํœด๊ฐ€ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ตํ™˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ
40:24
specific categories. They have different meanings,ย  and they're not interchangeable. So for example, Iย ย 
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ํŠน์ • ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ์™ธ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ตํ™˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
40:32
have to say nobody talked during the presentation.ย  I can't say nobody talks over the presentation.ย ย 
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ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜ ์ค‘์— ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:41
That doesn't sound right because the presentationย  is not one of the categories I gave you.ย ย 
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ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ •ํ•œ ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:48
Or for example the presentation when for overย  three hours. And when this case over means moreย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์ด 3์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
40:58
than it went for more than three hours. It wentย  for over three hours. So I can't change it toย ย 
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3์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 3์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋™์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ
41:06
during and I can't say the presentation wentย  for during three hours. That doesn't work. Soย ย 
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ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์ด 3์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
41:13
most of the time they don't have the same meaning.ย  Again, just remember those categories the weekend,ย ย 
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผ๋ง,
41:20
holidays, vacation seasons and meals. You canย  use either one I cleaned the garage over theย ย 
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๊ณตํœด์ผ, ํœด๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ฆŒ ๋ฐ ์‹์‚ฌ ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ฃผ๋ง ์— ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ฒญ์†Œํ•œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
41:31
weekend. I clean the garage during the weekend.ย  So now it's your turn to practice. I want you toย ย 
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. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ง์— ์ฐจ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ฒญ์†Œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ฐจ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:38
leave two examples, both using over and during.ย  So make sure you choose one of those categoriesย ย 
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over์™€ during์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•ด๋‹น ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒ
41:45
and lead to examples in the comments below. Areย  you ready for your quiz? Here are your questionsย ย 
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์—์„œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์‹œ
41:51
hit pause take as much time as you need andย  when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.ย ย 
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์ค‘์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
42:09
Now let's talk about the difference betweenย  the past simple and the present. Perfect. Andย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
42:15
specifically we're looking at the two sentences Iย  already ate and I've already eaten. Now of courseย ย 
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๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋จน์€ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋จน์—ˆ๋˜ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ ๋ฌผ๋ก 
42:23
you need to notice the structure. So you need toย  know how to form a passion bowl and the presentย ย 
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๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ด์ • ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ
42:29
perfect. So just keep that in mind. And let'sย  talk about the meaning of these two. So we useย ย 
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋‘˜์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
42:37
the past simple with a completed past action rightย  this action is complete. I already ate that is aย ย 
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์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ž‘์—…๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ž‘์—…์€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
42:47
finished completed action in the past. Now let'sย  talk about the present perfect. Here's what youย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ž‘์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
42:53
need to keep in mind. The Present Perfect has aย  many different uses, depending on the context.ย ย 
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. ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:00
In this lesson. We're specifically talking aboutย  comparing these two sentences. So in this specificย ย 
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์ด ๋‹จ์›์—์„œ๋Š” . ํŠนํžˆ ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ํŠน์ •ํ•œ
43:09
context, the present perfect can be used for aย  past action with a present consequence. Okay,ย ย 
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๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰๋™์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:18
there are other ways we use the presentย  perfect. We're not going to discuss those.ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:24
We're specifically talking about this one meaningย  a past action with a present consequence. I'veย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚˜๋Š”
43:33
already eaten so as you can see just from theirย  definitions that they can both be used with aย ย 
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋จน์—ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •์˜์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค
43:41
completed past action. The difference is theย  present perfect present. There is a connectionย ย 
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์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ž‘์—…๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ํ˜„์žฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:48
to the present. Okay, so keep that as your memoryย  aid present perfect. Present connection to theย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ โ€‹โ€‹์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์–ต ๋ณด์กฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ํ˜„์žฌ์™€์˜
43:56
present with a passion for that connection to theย  present, isn't there. One other thing you need toย ย 
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ด์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€
44:03
keep in mind is that a native English speaker isย  not a grammar expert. A native English speaker isย ย 
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์˜์–ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์–ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€
44:11
going to use these two sentences in this specificย  context. They're going to use these two sentencesย ย 
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์ด ํŠน์ • ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„
44:19
interchangeably and there's not going to be aย  difference in meaning. So when a native speakerย ย 
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์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ตํ™˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด
44:25
says I already ate or I've already eaten, thereย  is no difference at all. If you asked them, Whyย ย 
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์ „ํ˜€ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์™œ
44:32
did you say this one and not this one? They're notย  going to know because they don't study grammar,ย ย 
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์ด ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด ๋ง์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด? ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:38
okay, and they're both acceptable. So just keepย  that in mind. A native speaker is going to useย ย 
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€
44:45
them interchangeably with no difference in meaningย  but let's talk about that subtle difference inย ย 
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์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ์—†์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ตํ™˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
44:51
meaning when we say that the present perfect canย  be used with a past action that has a presentย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋™์ž‘๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
44:58
consequence. What does that mean a presentย  consequence. So let's just think about thatย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
45:03
I already ate in the past simple. Just rememberย  completed past action. It's done. It's over Iย ย 
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ด๋ฏธ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
45:10
already ate. Now when I say I've already eaten.ย  There's our connection to the present. So you canย ย 
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ. ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ โ€‹โ€‹์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
45:18
always think of it in your head as I've alreadyย  eaten. So now, okay, I've already eaten. So nowย ย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋จน์€ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ž, ์•Œ์•˜์–ด, ๋‚œ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋จน์—ˆ์–ด. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€
45:28
because connection to the present. I've alreadyย  eaten. So now I'm not hungry. So now I don't wantย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฏธ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํ”„์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
45:36
a piece of cake. So now I don't want to go to thatย  restaurant. With you. Okay, I've already eaten.ย ย 
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์ผ€์ดํฌ ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ ์‹๋‹น์— ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋„ˆ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜. ์•Œ์•˜์–ด, ๋‚œ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋จน์—ˆ์–ด.
45:46
But keep in mind that so now we don't realize it.ย  We don't say it out loud. It's just implied inย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์ƒ ์•”์‹œ๋  ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
45:55
the context. Okay, so let's take a look at a fewย  more examples. I could say I talked to my boss,ย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:01
just a completed past action. Or Iย  could say I've talked to my boss.ย ย 
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ž‘์—…์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:07
So what's the connection to the present? Maybeย  I've talked to my boss. So now I'm going toย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š”
46:15
leave. Maybe that's just the connection to theย  President. It could be anything again, we don'tย ย 
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๋– ๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
46:20
verbalize that. It's just implied. How about thisย  one? I checked the mail is completed past action.ย ย 
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๋ง๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•”์‹œ์ ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฑด ์–ด๋•Œ ? ๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:27
I checked the mail or I've checked the mail inย  the present. Perfect. I've checked the mail.ย ย 
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๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ. ๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:34
What's the connection to the prison? I haveย  checked the mail so you don't have to. Thatย ย 
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๊ฐ์˜ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…”๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
46:41
can be the connection to the President. One moreย  example. I booked the hotel completed past action.ย ย 
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๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ๋“ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜ธํ…”์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์•ฝํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
46:48
Or I can say I've booked the hotel in the presentย  perfect. I've booked the hotel. So now we're goingย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ˜ธํ…”์„ ์˜ˆ์•ฝํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ˜ธํ…”์„ ์˜ˆ์•ฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
46:57
on vacation, maybe knowledge the connectionย  to the present. So now I'm excited. Remember,ย ย 
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ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ํ˜„์žฌ์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ €๋Š” ํฅ๋ถ„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:03
we don't specifically say it is just implied.ย  And also in all of these examples in thisย ย 
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์•”๋ฌต์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ํŠน์ • ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ˆ์—์„œ
47:11
specific context, a native English speaker isย  going to use them interchangeably without aย ย 
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์˜์–ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ์—†์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ตํ™˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
47:18
difference in meaning. Are you ready forย  your quiz? Here are your questions hitย ย 
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. ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š” ? ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์‹œ
47:24
pause take as much time as you need and whenย  you're ready, hit play to see the answers.ย ย 
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์ค‘์ง€์—๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
47:41
Now let's talk about how you canย  correctly use three very commonย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ
47:45
verbs recommend suggest and advise.ย  So let's say you're at a restaurant,ย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:51
you're looking for the menu and then youย  ask your server. What would you recommend meย ย 
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๋ฉ”๋‰ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ์„œ๋ฒ„์—๊ฒŒ ์š”์ฒญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
47:58
or you're discussing a problem with yourย  boss and you ask what would you suggest me?ย ย 
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
48:06
What do you think about these sentences? Are theseย  sentences grammatically correct or incorrect? Whatย ย 
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”? ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํ‹€๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
48:14
do you think? Well, these sentences are wrong. Youย  can't say what would you recommend me for just meย ย 
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ์ž, ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์€ ํ‹€๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋งŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€์ง€ ์•„์ง ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‚˜์š”
48:22
yet? I'm hearing it every single day. In fact, Iย  hear this so much from students that it's startingย ย 
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? ๋งค์ผ๋งค์ผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ €๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด ๋ง์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
48:30
to sound normal, just because I hear it everyย  single day and I have to remember that's notย ย 
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. ๋งค์ผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
48:37
correct. And the reason why this is incorrectย  is because the sentence structure is incorrect.ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:44
Following the verb recommend suggests we do notย  want an object pronoun me is an object pronoun.ย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ์•”์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. me๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:54
The good news is there's a very easy way to fixย  this. So don't say me. If you're at a restaurant,ย ย 
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์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์€ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
49:02
say what would you recommend? If you're talking toย  your boss say, what do you suggest? That's all youย ย 
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€์ง€ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
49:10
need to do? Because grammatically from a sentenceย  structure, we don't want the object pronoun.ย ย 
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ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ „๋ถ€์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:18
Now let's take a look at this example I saw onย  you blush. The example is I recommend you findย ย 
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์ด์ œ ํ™๋‹น๋ฌด์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
49:26
150 books. Now this is where students getย  confused because they see you i recommendย ย 
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150๊ถŒ์˜ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:34
you So why can I say what would you recommendย  me? Because this you is not an object pronoun.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€์ง€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ์ฒด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:44
It's tricky because you is both the subjectย  pronoun I, you he she it we they and you isย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ฃผ์ œ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ I, ๋‹น์‹  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€
49:54
also the object pronoun Me, you, him or her. Butย  in this sentence, the U is a subject pronoun.ย ย 
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ฒด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ Me, ๋‹น์‹ , ๊ทธ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ U๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:08
Now you'll notice here we have our verb recommend.ย  And then following the verb recommend we have aย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋™์‚ฌ ์ถ”์ฒœ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ์—
50:15
clause. A clause is a subject, a verb and anย  object. I recommend you is the subject find isย ย 
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์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ˆ์€ ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ฃผ์–ด ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
50:28
the verb 150 books is the object. Now, in writtenย  English, you can use that to connect recommendย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ 150 books๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ž„์„ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์„œ๋ฉด ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”์ฒœ
50:40
and the clause. I recommend that I suggestย  that it's optional and in written English,ย ย 
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๊ณผ ์ ˆ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ํƒ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด๋ฉฐ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉด
50:50
it's most commonly included, but in spokenย  English, it's most commonly left out. So basedย ย 
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋žต๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
51:00
on what I just said, What do you think about thisย  sentence the doctor suggested me to lose weight.ย ย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ํ•œ ๋ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒด์ค‘ ๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?
51:08
Is this sentence correct? or incorrect? What doย  you think? The doctor suggested me to lose weight?ย ย 
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋˜๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ? ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒด์ค‘ ๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œ์•ˆ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
51:18
It's wrong. You can't say this. Because me isย  an object pronoun and we do have a verb butย ย 
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ํ‹€๋ ธ์–ด. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. me๋Š” ๊ฐ์ฒด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
51:27
the verb isn't even conjugated with anythingย  is just in the infinitive form. So remember,ย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
51:33
we need recommend suggest plus a clause aย  clause is a subject, a verb and an object.ย ย 
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๊ถŒ์žฅ ์ œ์•ˆ๊ณผ ์ ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ ˆ์€ ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:43
So how can we fix this sentence? We can sayย  the doctor recommended that I lose weight.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์„ ๋นผ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ถŒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:55
I is our subject is our verb notice the verb isย  conjugated with the subject, and our object isย ย 
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I is ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ†ต์ง€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋Š”
52:05
weight. Remember that if optional, most likelyย  I'll keep it in with written English and I'llย ย 
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๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ํƒ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ 
52:12
leave it out with spoken English. The doctorย  recommended I lose weight another quiz forย ย 
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๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ๋žตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋กœ ์‚ด์„ ๋นผ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ถŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
52:20
you. What do you think about this sentence?ย  Would you recommend me for the promotion?ย ย 
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. ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”? ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจ์…˜์— ์ €๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
52:27
Would you recommend me for the promotion?ย  What do you think? Is this good or bad?ย ย 
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ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจ์…˜์— ์ €๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ์ข‹์€๊ฐ€์š” ๋‚˜์œ๊ฐ€์š”?
52:36
This is good. Don't be confused. I'm going toย  make this very clear for you. Would you recommendย ย 
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ด ์ ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ค ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:44
me for the promotion? In this sentence? Iย  am not receiving the recommendation. I amย ย 
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ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจ์…˜์— ์ €๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”? ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ? ์ถ”์ฒœ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
52:54
the recommendation because you can recommendย  something. For example, I recommend the duck.ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ถ”์ฒœ์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์˜ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:03
If you're at a restaurant and you're lookingย  for different items. There's chicken fish andย ย 
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์‹๋‹น์— ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ. ๋‹ญ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์™€
53:08
duck. I recommend the duck that's a somethingย  so in this is I m the recommendation. I'm theย ย 
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์˜ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์ธ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ฒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š”
53:19
recommendation for the promotion. Think of it likeย  this. Your boss asks you who should we recommendย ย 
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ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจ์…˜์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š” . ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์Šน์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:27
for the promotion Who should we recommend?ย  We should recommend Jennifer? Of course,ย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? Jennifer๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ๋ฌผ๋ก ,
53:35
why wouldn't you? We should recommendย  Jennifer I am the recommendation. Soย ย 
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Jennifer๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ถ”์ฒœ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:42
in my question, remember I asked my colleagueย  would you recommend me for the promotion?ย ย 
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์ œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ €๋ฅผ ์Šน์ง„์— ์ถ”์ฒœํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
53:52
This is not the same as saying what wouldย  you recommend me? Because that is incorrect.ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:00
In that case, I'm receiving the recommendationย  I am not the recommendation. I'm receiving it.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ถ”์ฒœ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์ถ”์ฒœ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:08
And then you don't want an object pronoun. Andย  you simply say that what would you recommend?ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ฒด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
54:14
I recommend the duck. Who would youย  recommend? I recommend Jennifer.ย ย 
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์˜ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:22
There is another sense of structure you needย  to know and that I recommend suggest flashย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ”Œ๋ž˜์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:28
Gerrans gerund is your verb and ing. For example,ย  I recommend drinking eight glasses of water a day.ย ย 
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Gerrans gerund๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ing์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 8์ž”์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:39
I recommend ordering the duck. Now let's talkย  about advice. You can say here by signing theย ย 
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์˜ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์กฐ์–ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„œ์— ์„œ๋ช…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
54:51
contract. So what do you notice here? What's theย  sentence structure? What do we have right here?ย ย 
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. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
54:57
Well, of course we have advice plus jaren. Soย  this is a same thing we can do with recommendย ย 
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กฐ์–ธ๊ณผ jaren์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Š” ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋˜๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
55:05
or suggest. And you can also say he had mine butย  I find the contract. So what do you notice aboutย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”
55:14
this sentence structure? Well, it five plus thatย  which is optional. And then we have our clause,ย ย 
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? ๊ธ€์Ž„, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 5 ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ ํƒ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ˆ,
55:23
subject, verb and then our object. So this isย  also the exact same sentence structure you canย ย 
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์ฃผ์ œ, ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
55:32
use with recommend or suggest now what about thisย  sentence? He advised me to sign the contract,ย ย 
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์ถ”์ฒœ ๋˜๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„œ์— ์„œ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์กฐ์–ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:41
advise me. He advised me. What do you think?ย  Is this correct or incorrect? Well, this isย ย 
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์กฐ์–ธํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์–ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์Œ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
55:53
so with this specific verb advice, you can have aย  phone now you can advise someone, but notice whatย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ํŠน์ • ๋™์‚ฌ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด์ œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์–ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
56:03
comes next we have our infinitive. To plus theseย  verb he advised me. He advised him he advised herย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์–ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์–ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์กฐ์–ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š”
56:13
he buys you to sign to go to eat to drink, anyย  infinitive, and then our object though contract.ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ˆ ์„ ๋จน์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์กฐ์–ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:24
So with bind is more flexible. You can use it withย  the Jaren the clause and you can even advise me.ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฐ”์ธ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์œ ์—ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Jaren the ์ ˆ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์–ธํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:35
So now let's talk about explain becauseย  I hear this every single day Teacher,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์„ค๋ช…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์ด ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜,
56:41
can you explain me how to use the present perfect.ย  What do you think about that? Can you explain me?ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”? ๋‚˜ ํ•œํ…Œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ค„๋ž˜?
56:50
Is that correct? or incorrect? Well, you shouldย  know this by now. It's wrong. You don't explainย ย 
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๊ทธ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋˜๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ? ๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ฏค์ด๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‹€๋ ธ์–ด. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
56:58
someone you explain to someone. This is why Iย  saved explain for the end but I really wantedย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์— ์„ค๋ช…์„ ์ €์žฅํ•œ ์ด์œ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
57:08
you to learn it because it's the same thing. Weย  don't want an object pronoun. Explain me. No.ย ย 
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๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ผญ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์ฒด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ค๋ช… ํ•ด์ค˜. ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”.
57:16
Explain to me. That's all you need to do. You needย  to add that preposition to because you explain toย ย 
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์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์—๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•ด๋‹น ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
57:25
someone. Now most commonly we use restructure,ย  explain something to someone. Can you explainย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:35
the present perfect to me. Now if it's obviousย  that you're the one receiving the explanationย ย 
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๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
57:43
you don't even have to say it. You don't need toย  say to me, to him, to us to them. If it's obvious,ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งํ•  ํ•„์š”์กฐ์ฐจ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ, ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
57:52
you can just say can you explain the presentย  perfect, that's fine. But you don't want to sayย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์€
57:59
can you explain me? So please take the time toย  study and learn what I taught you in this videoย ย 
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์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‹ˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์–ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นœ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
58:08
because you will not sound fluent. You will notย  sound natural. You will not have your IELTS orย ย 
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. ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. IELTS ๋˜๋Š”
58:18
your language exam. If you can say recommend me,ย  explain me. That's a beginner mistake. But I hearย ย 
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์–ธ์–ด ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์น˜๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์ดˆ์‹ฌ์ž์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋Š”
58:26
all my students advanced students from everyย  background, use that sentence structure. Soย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
58:33
take the time watch this video multiple times toย  really understand the sentence structure and thenย ย 
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์–ด ์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ
58:39
leave some examples in the comments below becauseย  you really need to practice it the correct way andย ย 
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์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ 
58:45
get lots of repetitions with the correct form. Areย  you ready for your quiz? Here are your questionsย ย 
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์‹œ
58:52
hit pause take as much time as you need andย  when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.ย ย 
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์ค‘์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
59:10
Amazing job with this lesson think of all theย  grammar mistakes that you corrected today.ย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
59:16
What was your favorite section? Share in theย  comments below. And how did you do with thoseย ย 
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์„น์…˜์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์—์„œ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ๊ทธ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
59:22
quizzes? Share your scores in the commentsย  below. And if you found this video helpful,ย ย 
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? ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด
59:26
please hit the like button, share it withย  your friends and of course subscribe. Andย ย 
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์ข‹์•„์š” ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ  ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ณต์œ  ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
59:31
before you go make sure you head on overย  to my website, JForrest english.com andย ย 
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๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋‚ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์ธ JForrest English.com์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ
59:35
download your free speaking Guide. Inย  this guide I share six tips on how toย ย 
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ์—์„œ๋Š”
59:39
speak English fluently and confidentlyย  and until next time, Happy studying.
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์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹  ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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