Complete English Grammar | Full Beginner Course in 1 HOUR

37,417 views ใƒป 2024-06-21

JForrest English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Welcome to this beginnerย  English grammar master class.
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์ดˆ๊ธ‰ ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:04
This master class will help you learnย  essential grammar that you need as a beginner.
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์ด ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค๋Š” ์ดˆ๋ณด์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:10
Now, even if you're an intermediate orย  advanced student, pay close attentionย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ค‘๊ธ‰, ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ํ•™์ƒ์ด์‹œ๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์ด
00:15
because I hear mistakes with all ofย  these areas from all my students.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์„ธ์‹ฌํ•œ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:21
Of course, I'm Jennifer from JForrest English.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ €๋Š” JForrest English์˜ Jennifer์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
Now let's get started.
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์ด์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
First, let's review how to use do, does, and did.
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๋จผ์ € do, does, did ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
Well, you need to understand that all three ofย  these are just different forms of the verb to do.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ํ•  ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
So the verb to do is the infinitive.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ to do ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
Now do and does are the presentย  simple conjugations of the verb,ย ย 
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Now do์™€ does๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ ํ™œ์šฉํ˜•์ด๋ฉฐ,
00:48
and you simply choose one or the otherย  based on the subject that you have.
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์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
So if you're forming aย  sentence and your subject is I,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์ค‘์ด๊ณ  ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ I,
01:00
you, we or they, you need to chooseย  do if your subject is ** *** or it.
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you, we ๋˜๋Š” they์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ** *** ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ผ๋ฉด do๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
So third person singular, youย  need to choose does and that's it.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์—์„œ๋Š” do๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
That's the only difference between do or doesย  in affirmative sentences in the present simple.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ธ์ • ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ do์™€ does ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:22
But keep in mind that do as a verb is used inย  very specific sentences in the present simple.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ do as ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
01:30
So, for example, you do chores, you do chores.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ง‘์•ˆ์ผ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ง‘์•ˆ์ผ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
The verb do is what we needย  to complete the sentence.
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๋™์‚ฌ do๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
So I could say I do chores every Sunday.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งค์ฃผ ์ผ์š”์ผ์— ์ง‘์•ˆ์ผ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
This is a routine.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
It's in the present simple becauseย  my subject is I, then I need do.
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๋‚ด ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” I์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Then I need do.
01:55
Now you can also do homework.
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์ด์ œ ์ˆ™์ œ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
For example, do is the verbย  that we use with homework.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด do๋Š” ์ˆ™์ œ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
Now I could say my sister, whichย  of course is she as a subject.
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์ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
My sister does homework every night.
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๋‚ด ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ์€ ๋งค์ผ ๋ฐค ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์š”.
02:13
Again, this is a routine, soย  I need the present simple.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ๋ฃจํ‹ด์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
My subject is my sister she, so I need does.
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๋‚ด ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ๋‚ด ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
Now let's talk about did.
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์ด์ œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:24
Did is the past simple form of the verb to do.
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Did๋Š” to do ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
And as a past simple verb, there'sย  no difference with subjects.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
So you use DID for all subjectsย  so that one is easier to remember.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๋„๋ก ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์ œ์— DID๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:43
And of course, if it's the past simple,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‹จ์ˆœ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋ฉดย ย ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜
02:46
then we just need to make sure thatย  our time reference is in the past.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
So I could say we did our homework lastย  night, she did her homework this morning.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ  , ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
Assuming this morning is already in the pastย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
because right now is thisย  afternoon or this evening.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜คํ›„ ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋…์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
So this morning is in the past.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
She did her homework this morning.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:16
So notice it doesn't matter if I use we or she.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋“  ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
The subject doesn't matter becauseย  DID is used for all subjects.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์ œ์— DID๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
You just need to make sure that yourย  time reference is a past time reference.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
Where do and does your time referenceย  is going to be a routine action.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
So you're going to hear timeย  references like always, usually every.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งคํšŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
Then you know it's a present simple amazing job.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ง์—…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
Now let's review was and were.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
Now, of course, both was and were are the pastย  forms of the verb to be and we use was and wereย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก , was์™€ was๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ to be ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” was์™€ was๋ฅผ
04:00
in different grammatical structures.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
In English, the most common timeย  you'll see was or were is in the past.
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์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
Simple.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ.
04:09
So let's just take a present statement.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
Let's use to be late.
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๋Šฆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด์ž.
04:15
So here we have the verb to be to be late.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋Šฆ๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
Now if I wanna make a sentence inย  the past, for example, yesterday,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด , ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์–ด์ œ,
04:26
yesterday I now I take my verb to be andย  I need to conjugate this in the past.
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์–ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ be๋กœ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
There are two different choices, was or were.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ํƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
Your choice depends on the subject.
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๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์„ ํƒ์€ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
So in order to know which one you need was orย  were, you simply look at your subject yesterday.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ์–ด์ œ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:51
I the subject is I Yesterday I wasย  late, yesterday I was late yesterday.
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I ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” I์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Šฆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”, ์–ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ๋Šฆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:01
You, you were yesterday, you were late yesterday.
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๋‹น์‹ , ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด์ œ์˜€๊ณ , ์–ด์ œ ๋Šฆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
She was late yesterday he was late.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ๋Šฆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋Šฆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
It was late.
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๋Šฆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
So notice ** *** it.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ****** ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
05:21
Those are our three options forย  the third person singular subject.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด 3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ต์…˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
The third person singular is conjugatedย ย 
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3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•์€ '
05:29
with was yesterday we we were late,ย  and yesterday they they were late.
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was ์–ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Šฆ์—ˆ๋‹ค', ' ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Šฆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'์™€ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
So you can see that the subjectsย  I and third person singular useย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ I์™€ 3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š”
05:47
was this subjects you, we and they use were.
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you์˜€๊ณ , we์™€ they๋Š” was๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
That's what you need to remember.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
So pause the video now.
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์ด์ œ ์˜์ƒ์„ ์ผ์‹œ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
05:58
Take as much time as you need to memorize this.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์•”๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
06:01
You simply need to memorize this.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
Now the same rule appliesย  when we use the verb to beย ย 
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์ด์ œ
06:10
in the past in different grammatical structures.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
So this example was using the past simple.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
Now we also use the verb to be inย  the past with the past continuous.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
The past continuous is formed with subject was orย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ์ฃผ์–ด was ๋˜๋Š” was๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
were your choice depends on your subjectย  right and then your verb in ING form.
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์„ ํƒ์€ ์ฃผ์–ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. right์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ING ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
I could say yesterday I was running late.
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์–ด์ œ๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋Šฆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด.
06:45
We we were we were running late.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Šฆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ
06:50
He he was running late.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋Šฆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
06:54
They they were running late.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:57
So it's the same rules that we just covered.
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์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ
07:01
That doesn't change even though we're usingย  a different grammatical structure this time.
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ด๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:07
It's the past continuous.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
Now we also use the verb to be in the past.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์—
07:13
So was or were depending on theย  subject in the passive voice.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ So was ๋˜๋Š” was ์˜์กดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:19
So let's take an active sentence and I could sayย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ทจํ•ด์„œ
07:24
the present surprised meanย  the present surprised me.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋†€๋ž๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
Now I can take this active voiceย  and I can turn it into the passive.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
And I would say, what will you guys tell me?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ค ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
07:39
I'm going to give you a second and Iย  want you to write it in the comments.
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์ž ์‹œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ ์–ด์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
What's the passive form of this active sentence?
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์ด ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋™ํ˜•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
07:48
Hmm, Write it in the comments.
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ํ , ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ ์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
07:53
So did you get it?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฐ›์•˜์–ด์š”?
07:56
I was surprised.
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๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
I was surprised by the present.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์— ๋†€๋ž๋‹ค.
08:04
I was surprised by this present.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ์„ ๋ฌผ์— ๋†€๋ž๋‹ค.
08:07
But now let's say the active form used aย  different pronoun and it was the present.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ๋Šฅ๋™ํ˜•์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
Surprised US.
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๋†€๋ž€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ.
08:15
OK, what would that be nowย  the present surprised us.
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์ž, ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
What would that be in the passive form?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆ˜๋™์  ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:21
So you guys tell me write it down in the comments.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ ์–ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
08:25
The present surprised us.
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
What would that be in the passive voice?
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์—๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:30
That would be we.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
We is now the subject.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
So I need to think do I need was or were?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
Well, remember it depends onย  the subject we we use were.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
08:44
We were surprised by the present.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์— ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
To summarize, the choice betweenย  was or were depends on the subjectย ย 
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์š”์•ฝํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, was ๋˜๋Š” was ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์„ ํƒ์€
08:54
we use was with the subjects I orย  third person singular ** *** it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. was๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด I ๋˜๋Š” 3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ** *** it์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
We use were with subjects you, we and they,ย ย 
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We๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด you, we, they์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ was๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ,
09:09
and was and where are used inย  the past form of the verb to be.
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was์™€ where๋Š” to be ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
This is most commonly found in the pastย  simple, past, continuous and passive voice.
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์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
Are you enjoying this lesson?
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
09:22
If you are, then I want to tell youย  about the Finely Fluent Academy.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด Finely Fluent Academy์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
This is my premium training program whereย  we study native English speakers from TV,ย ย 
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TV,
09:34
the movies, YouTube, and the news.
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์˜ํ™”, ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ, ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ์—„ ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
So you can improve your listeningย  skills of fast English, expand yourย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์˜์–ด ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ,
09:41
vocabulary with natural expressions,ย  and learn advanced grammar easily.
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์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ์–ดํœ˜๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
Plus, you'll have me as your personal coach.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ฝ”์น˜๋กœ ์‚ผ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
You can look in the descriptionย  for the link to learn more,ย ย 
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์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
09:52
or you can go to my website andย  click on Finally Fluent Academy.
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๋‚ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ Final Fluent Academy๋ฅผ โ€‹โ€‹ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
09:57
Now let's continue with our lesson.
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์ด์ œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
Let's keep going and learn theย  difference between do you and are you.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ do you์™€ is you์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:06
Both of these are questionย  forms in the present simple,ย ย 
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
10:11
but they use different verbsย  and different structures.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
So let's begin with are you Nowย  are, of course, is the verb to be.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋จผ์ € is you๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Now๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก  to be ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
So are you is forming a question in the presentย  simple, using the verb to be our subject is you.
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So are ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
So that's why we need are because that's theย  conjugated verb to be with our subject you.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฃผ์–ด you์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ™œ์šฉ ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
Now we use the verb to be inย  the present simple for facts,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค,
10:44
facts about the world orย  facts about ourselves as well.
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์„ธ์ƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
For example, I could ask youย  because remember this is a question.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:55
So you're going to ask someone about a fact.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
So I could ask you, are you American or British?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”, ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
11:05
Are you, are you American or British?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
11:08
Now another fact would be your job.
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์ด์ œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ง์—…์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
So I can ask you, are you a software engineer?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด์ด์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
11:14
Now I could also ask you a factย  about your physical descriptionย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์„ค๋ช…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
11:19
and I could ask you, for example, are you tall?
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ํฌ์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:22
Assuming we're chatting and I can't see you,ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐ ์ค‘์ด๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด,
11:25
so I don't know if you're tall orย  not, and I could ask, are you tall?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ํฐ์ง€ ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๊ณ , ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ํฌ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
11:30
Now let's take a look at the sentence structure,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
because using the verb to be in questionย  form, we use something called inversion.
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๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐ˜์ „์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
So we take our subject and our verb, whichย  would be the structure for a positive sentence,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€์„œ
11:46
and we invert them, which means we switch them.
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๋ฐ˜์ „์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ „ํ™˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
So our sentence structure for questions using theย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š”
11:53
verb to be in the present simpleย  is verb plus subject plus object.
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๋™์‚ฌ + ์ฃผ์ œ + ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
So we know our verb is the verb to be are,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ be ๋™์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€
12:04
and we know our subject is youย  because we're only talking about are.
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you๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” are์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
So our subject and our verbย  need to conjugate are you.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
And then I just need my object, the question,ย  the rest of the sentence, are you tall?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด, ์งˆ๋ฌธ, ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‚˜์š”?
12:20
Now keep that sentence structure inย  mind while we take a look at do you.
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์ด์ œ do you๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘์„ธ์š”.
12:27
Do you is also a questionย  form in the present simple.
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Do you๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ˜•์‹์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
The difference is do is an auxiliary verb, whichย  means do doesn't have any meaning in that word.
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์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ do๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, do๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ๋‹จ์–ด์— ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
It's only there grammatically.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
So to have meaning in theย  sentence, we need a main verb.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ ค๋ฉด ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
Do is the auxiliary verb, andย  we still need a main verb.
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Do๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ , ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
Now in the present simple, I'm going to askย  you about yourself or about your routine.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹  ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:01
So for example, I could ask do you live in London?
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์— ์‚ฌ์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
13:07
So of course here live is our main verb, but Iย  need my auxiliary verb do do you live in London?
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ live๋Š” ์ฃผ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. do you live in London? ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ
13:18
I can't just do inversionย  with my subject and verb.
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๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์ „์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:22
If I did that, it would be liveย  you in London, live you in London.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด live you in London, live you in London์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
And we know that isn't grammaticallyย  correct for English sentence structure,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
13:34
so we need our auxiliary verb do andย  do is conjugated with our subject you.
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ do๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  do๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด you์™€ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
Do you live in London?
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๋„ˆ๋Š” ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์— ์‚ฌ๋‹ˆ?
13:45
Another question, do you have a dog?
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
13:50
So here have is our main verb.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
But I can't say have you a dog.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šด๋‹ค๊ณ ๋Š” ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
So I need do you have a dog?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์š”?
14:00
I need my auxiliary verb do soย  compare our two sentence structuresย ย 
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
14:06
because here our sentence structureย  is auxiliary verb, subject main verb.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ, ์ฃผ์ œ ์ฃผ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:14
Auxiliary verb is due because our subjectย  is you and do conjugates with the subject.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด๊ณ  ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ํ™œ์šฉํ˜•์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณด์กฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
You do you.
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๋„Œ ๋„ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•ด.
14:22
And now we need a main verb.
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์ด์ œ ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:24
But the form of this is the base verb,ย  which means it's the infinitive without two.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 2๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:32
So to live we get rid of twoย  and we have live do you live?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:38
And then the rest of the sentence, the object.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:41
So with ru, our sentence structureย  was verb, subject object.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ru์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ, ์ฃผ์–ด ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:47
Do you our sentence structure isย  auxiliary verb do subject main verb,ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ do ์ฃผ์–ด ์ฃผ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ,
14:56
which is the base verb and then the object.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  ์ด์–ด์„œ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:59
They're both used in questionย  form with the present simple.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
And this is something thatย  you absolutely must know toย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
15:08
understand basic English sentence structure.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:11
So now it's your turn to practice.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ฐจ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ž˜
15:13
I want you to leave two questions in the commentsย  below, one with do you and one with are you.
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๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:21
You're doing so great.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
15:22
Now let's talk about how to use didn't and wasn't.
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์ด์ œ didn't์™€ was not์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
15:27
Both of these are the past simple forms,ย  and both of them are past simple negative.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด๊ณ , ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:35
Wasn't is the past simpleย  negative form of the verb to be.
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Wasn't๋Š” to be ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:43
But wasn't is only used with the subjects I, **ย  *** and it didn't is a past simple negative form,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ was n't๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด I, **ย  ***์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, didn't๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
15:55
but it's an auxiliary verb, which meansย  it doesn't have a base verb itself.
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:02
It's used with any base verb.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:05
So our sentence structure would beย  subject didn't base verb to formย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ
16:12
a complete sentence that's past simple negative.
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋ถ€์ • ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:17
To understand both of these, let's startย  with a positive sentence in the present.
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์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:24
So we'll do a present simple positiveย  sentence and then we'll see how we canย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ธ์ • ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ 
16:29
change that sentence intoย  the past simple negative.
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๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋ถ€์ • ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
So you can see the transformationย  of how we use didn't and wasn't.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ didn't์™€ was not์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:39
So let's start with our positive present simpleย  sentence for the verb to be, I'm there, I'm there.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. I'm there, I'm there.
16:49
Pretty simple, right to be there, I'm there.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:52
Or I could say she's there.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:55
Now I can make this sentence negative inย  the present simple simply by adding not.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ not์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์˜ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
17:04
I'm not there, she isn't there.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์—†๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋…€๋„ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:10
But remember wasn't is the form ofย  the verb to be and it's negative,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ was not์€ to be ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
17:18
but it's used in the past simple.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:22
So I need to take my two sentencesย  and have a past simple time reference.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:27
So let's use yesterday.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์–ด์ œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
17:30
Yesterday I know I'm in the past simple and Iย  know that my sentence is going to be negative.
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์–ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด๊ณ  ๋‚ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:36
So I can say yesterday she wasn'tย  there, yesterday I wasn't there.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด์ œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ  , ์–ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋„ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:46
So that's how the transformationย  took place from having a presentย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ
17:51
simple positive to present simpleย  negative to past simple negative.
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ธ์ •์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋ถ€์ •, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋ถ€์ •์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:57
And remember wasn't is only usedย  for the subjects I, ** *** it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Remember was n't๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด I, ** *** it์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:04
So let's do the same thing andย  see how we can get to didn't.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ' ์•Š์•˜์Œ'์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:10
So let's start with a presentย  simple positive sentence.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:14
I go to bed at 10:30.
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๋‚˜๋Š” 10์‹œ 30๋ถ„์— ์ž ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋“ ๋‹ค.
18:18
So here my verb is go to go.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‚ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” go to go์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:22
I go to bed at 10:30.
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๋‚˜๋Š” 10์‹œ 30๋ถ„์— ์ž ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋“ ๋‹ค.
18:25
Now, when we take regular verbs, excludingย  to be, to be as a verb has different rules.
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์ด์ œ to be๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ to be ๋™์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:32
OK, so we take regular verbs like the verb go.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. go ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:37
We have our positive in the present simpleย  to form the negative in the present simple.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์—๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์—๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:43
I need an auxiliary verb.
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๋ณด์กฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์š”.
18:45
And that auxiliary verb thatย  I'm going to use is don't.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” don't์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:51
I don't go to bed at 10:30.
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๋‚˜๋Š” 10์‹œ 30๋ถ„์— ์ž ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:56
This is the auxiliary verb forย  the subjects I, you, we, and they.
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์ฃผ์–ด I, you, we, them์˜ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:01
I don't go to bed at 10:30.
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๋‚˜๋Š” 10์‹œ 30๋ถ„์— ์ž ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:04
So now I have a negative sentence,ย  but it's in the present simple.
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์ด์ œ ๋ถ€์ • ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:08
It talks about a routine, but I want to talk aboutย  a past simple so I can use the keyword yesterday.
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๋ฃจํ‹ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด์ œ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:16
So I know I'm in the past simpleย  Yesterday I didn't go to bed at 10:30.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š” 10์‹œ 30๋ถ„์— ์ž ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:26
So to form a negative sentenceย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
19:29
in the past simple for regular verbs,ย  we need to follow our structure.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:35
Subject didn't, and then our base verb.
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์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:39
Our base verb is go.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” go์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:43
I didn't go to bed at 10:30 yesterday.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด์ œ 10์‹œ 30๋ถ„์— ์ž ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:48
So far we have focused on individual verbs.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:51
Now let's take a look at the five most common verbย  tenses that you need to speak English fluently.
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์ด์ œ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:59
The 1st is the present simple.
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1๋ฒˆ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์ด๋‹ค.
20:02
For this subjects, I, you, we,ย  and they, you add the base verb.
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์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์ธ I, you, we, and they์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:08
Now for the subjects ** *** it,ย  you add the base verb plus S.
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์ด์ œ ์ฃผ์ œ ** *** it์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ์— S๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:14
Or ES and this is one of theย  most common mistakes that myย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” ES๋Š”
20:18
advanced students make for gettingย  to add that S so don't forget that.
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๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด S๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
20:23
As for ** *** it subjects theย  present simple is used to describeย ย 
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** ***์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์€
20:29
routine habits in your daily life.
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์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์Šต๊ด€์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:33
For example, I eat breakfast every day at 6:00 AM.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์˜ค์ „ 6์‹œ์— ์•„์นจ์„ ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:39
It's also used to describeย  general facts and truths.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:43
For example, the sun rises inย  the east and sets in the West.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํ•ด๋Š” ๋™์ชฝ์—์„œ ๋– ์„œ ์„œ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:50
And notice I added those s sย  because the sun is it, ** *** it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ s๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํƒœ์–‘์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ** ***์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:56
You need those s s.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ s๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:58
It's also used for feelings,ย  emotions, and states of beings.
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๊ฐ์ •, ๊ฐ์ •, ์กด์žฌ ์ƒํƒœ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:03
We are very excited for the concert tonight.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค ์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:08
Now here's one that most of myย  students don't use correctly.
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์ด์ œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:12
And the present simple is also used for timetableย  events, even if that event is in the future.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์€ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ํ‘œ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:21
For example, the train leaves at 5:00 AM tomorrow.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ์˜ค์ „ 5์‹œ์— ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋นˆ๋„
21:27
It's very common to use an adverb ofย  frequency with the present simple,ย ย 
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๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ,
21:32
which is one easy way that you can identify it.
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์ด๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:35
The most common adverbs of frequency are everyย  day or always for seven times a week, often,ย ย 
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๋นˆ๋„์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— 7ํšŒ, ์ข…์ข…,
21:44
usually, or frequently for about four to six timesย  a week, sometimes for three to four times a week,ย ย 
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๋ณดํ†ต ๋˜๋Š” ์ž์ฃผ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— ์•ฝ 4~6ํšŒ, ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— 3~4ํšŒ,
21:52
rarely or seldom for one to two times aย  week, and never for zero times a week.
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๋“œ๋ฌผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— 1~2ํšŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ, ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— 0๋ฒˆ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:59
So let's practice this just for fun.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์‚ผ์•„ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์—์„œ
22:02
Share something silly that you neverย  do or always do in the comments below.
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์ž์‹ ์ด ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฌ์„์€ ์ผ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š” .
22:09
For example, I never brushย  my teeth while I'm driving,ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ €๋Š” ์šด์ „ ์ค‘์—๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์–‘์น˜์งˆ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:16
so share something silly in theย  comments just to have a little fun.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์‚ผ์•„ ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ์šฐ์Šค๊ฝ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ง์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š” .
22:20
Now let's move on to the pastย  simple to form the past simple.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€
22:24
You have your subject and then you have your baseย  verb plus Ed or an irregular past simple verb.
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์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ Ed ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:32
And there are many irregular verbs,ย  so you simply need to memorize them.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ๋„ ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์™ธ์›Œ๋‘์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:37
The past simple is used for an action that startedย  and finished at a specific time in the past.
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ณ  ๋๋‚œ ์ž‘์—…์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:46
For example, I went to the store yesterday,ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด์ œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๊ฐ”๋”๋‹ˆ
22:50
she took a shower at 8:00 AM, but now itย  is 11:00 AM, so 8:00 AM is in the past.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์˜ค์ „ 8์‹œ์— ์ƒค์›Œ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์˜ค์ „ 11์‹œ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์˜ค์ „ 8์‹œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.
22:58
They ordered pizza for dinner and now it'sย  10:00 at night, so dinner is in the past.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ €๋…์œผ๋กœ ํ”ผ์ž๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋ฐค 10์‹œ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:05
We sang all night, but I'm talking aboutย ย 
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๋ฐค์ƒˆ๋„๋ก ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ €๋Š”๋ฐ
23:09
maybe yesterday or the nightย  before, so it's in the past.
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์–ด์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์ „๋‚  ๋ฐค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜
23:14
Let's review some past simple keywords so youย ย 
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์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:17
can easily identify when youย  need to use this verb tense.
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.
23:21
Yesterday, last week, month, or year?
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์–ด์ œ, ์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ, ๋‹ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๋„?
23:25
In 2020 at 3:30 PM.
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2020๋…„ ์˜คํ›„ 3์‹œ 30๋ถ„.
23:29
Four hours ago on Monday, on July 15thย  when I graduated or during the meeting.
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4์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „ ์›”์š”์ผ, 7์›” 15์ผ ์กธ์—…์‹ ๋˜๋Š” ํšŒ์˜ ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:38
And remember all of those keywords?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
23:40
The actions started and finished in the past.
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์ž‘์—…์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ณ  ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:45
Now let's talk about the future.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
23:47
Simple, another verb tense.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:49
I see a lot of mistakes with.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณธ๋‹ค.
23:51
The structure is very easy.
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:53
You have your struct, subject, will and base verb.
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๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒด, ์ฃผ์ œ, ์˜์ง€ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:58
It's the same for allย  subjects, which makes it easy.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์— ๋™์ผํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:02
This verb tense is used to make predictions,ย  but when it's based on your opinion, not facts.
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์ด ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:10
Argentina will win the World Cup.
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์•„๋ฅดํ—จํ‹ฐ๋‚˜๋Š” ์›”๋“œ์ปต์—์„œ ์šฐ์Šนํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
24:13
This is just my opinion, Iย  don't know this as a fact.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋‚ด ์˜๊ฒฌ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:17
Someone else could say I thinkย  France will win the World Cup.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๊ฐ€ ์›”๋“œ์ปต์—์„œ ์šฐ์Šนํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:22
Notice here I added.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜๊ฒฌ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ
24:24
I think it's very common to useย  an opinion word with the future.
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š” .
24:28
Simple.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ.
24:29
This verb tense is used forย  spontaneous actions or decisions,ย ย 
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์ด ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:34
which means they were not planned in advance.
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์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๊ณ„ํš๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:38
For example, let's say you see a woman strugglingย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด
24:42
with her grocery bags andย  she has many grocery bags.
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์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:46
You can say I'll help you with those bags.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ผ์š”.
24:49
You didn't plan this in advance,ย  it was a spontaneous action.
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์‚ฌ์ „์— ๊ณ„ํšํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ, ์ฆ‰ํฅ์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:54
It's also used with promises,ย  commitments, offers, or refusals.
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์•ฝ์†, ์•ฝ์†, ์ œ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ ˆ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜คํ›„
25:00
If you say I'll send you the report at 5:00ย  PM, you are making a promise or a commitment.
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5์‹œ์— ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ฝ์†์ด๋‚˜ ์•ฝ์†์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”
25:08
It's like saying I promise I'll send youย ย 
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25:11
the report at 5:00 PM so theย  other person will expect it.
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์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์˜คํ›„ 5์‹œ์— ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
25:16
If you use the future.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด.
25:18
Simple.
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25:18
Now let's talk about the present.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ.
์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
25:20
Perfect.
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ.
25:21
A verb tense that confuses a lot of students.
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๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ.
25:24
But absolutely, you must know how to use it.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:27
The structure is I, you, we,ย  they plus have plus the pastย ย 
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” I, you, we, they + have + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ
25:34
participle and you simply need toย  memorize all the past participles.
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๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์™ธ์šฐ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:39
Now for the subjects ** ***ย  is, you need to use has asย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ฃผ์–ด ** ***ย  is์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
25:44
your auxiliary verb and the past participle.
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋กœ has๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:48
Now, did you know that the present perfectย  is also used with the completed past action,ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋™์ž‘๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ์—
25:54
but one that has a result orย  consequence in the present?
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ๋‚˜์š” ?
25:59
For example, I have eaten thatย  is a completed past action.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, I have eat that์€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:05
Now it's common to useย  already, but it's not required.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋ฏธ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ํ•„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:09
I have already eaten, so what'sย  the result in the present?
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋จน์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
26:14
So now I'm not hungry.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ”„์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
26:17
It's also used for life experienceย  when it's an unfinished timeline.
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๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํƒ€์ž„๋ผ์ธ์ผ ๋•Œ ์ธ์ƒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:23
For example, she's been to Panama twice nowย  because she is alive, she can go to Panama again.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ํŒŒ๋‚˜๋งˆ์— ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ€๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ํŒŒ๋‚˜๋งˆ์— ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:33
So it's an unfinished time reference.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:36
Or you could say I haven't seen that movie yet.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์•„์ง ๊ทธ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:40
Yet is a keyword for the present perfectย  and we use it in negative sentences.
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Yet์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์˜ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:47
And by saying yet you're letting the person knowย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์ง์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ
26:50
that is still possible for you toย  watch that movie in the future.
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๊ทธ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:54
So it's an unfinished time reference now.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:57
The present perfect is also used for an actionย  that started in the past and continues until now,ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ๋™์ž‘์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ,
27:04
but only with three commonย  verbs, live, work, and study.
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ live, work ๋ฐ Study์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:09
For example, they've livedย  in that house for 20 years.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์ง‘์—์„œ 20๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:13
They still live there now,ย  and it started in the past.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:17
It started 20 years ago.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 20๋…„ ์ „์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:20
Very important point.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์—๋Š”
27:22
You can't use a specific timeย  reference with the present perfect.
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ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
27:28
You must use the past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:30
Simple.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ.
27:31
This is a very common mistakeย  that I see my students make.
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์ด๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํ”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
27:35
So you can't say I've triedย  sushi last week because lastย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ๋Š”
27:41
week is a specific past time reference.
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ํŠน์ • ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ์ดˆ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:45
So you would have to say I tried sushi last week,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
27:50
or you could get rid of lastย  week and say I've tried sushi.
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์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:55
Let's move on to our last verbย  tense, the present continuous.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์ธ ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:00
This structure is I am plus verb in your ING form,ย ย 
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์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ING ํ˜•์‹์˜ I am ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋™์‚ฌ,
28:05
your gerund verb you we theyย  are plus verb in ING or ** ***.
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๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ you we they are plus ๋™์‚ฌ ING ๋˜๋Š” ** ***์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:13
It is plus verb in ING.
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ING์—์„œ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:17
So don't forget you have to conjugateย  the verb to be according to the subject.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š” .
28:23
The present continuous is used for an actionย  that is currently taking place right now now.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
28:31
So I could say my students areย  because the subject is they.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:36
My students are watchingย  my video right now, right?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‚ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
28:40
You're watching this video right now.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:43
You can also use the presentย  continuous with the future.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:48
If it's a planned action, aย  planned action in the future.
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๊ณ„ํš๋œ ์กฐ์น˜์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ์กฐ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:54
For example, he's attendingย  the conference next month.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ฌ ํšŒ์˜์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:58
It's in the future, but it's planned.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:01
He's attending the conference next month.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ฌ ํšŒ์˜์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.
29:05
Or she's performing at the World Cup inย  2026, so even though it's way in the future,ย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ 2026๋…„ ์›”๋“œ์ปต์—์„œ ๊ณต์—ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋จผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ผ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ผ๋ฉด
29:13
you can still use the presentย  continuous if it's a planned event.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ๊ณ„์† ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
29:19
An important note that you should knowย  because I know it might confuse students.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ผญ ์•Œ์•„๋‘์…”์•ผ ํ•  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:23
Native speakers use theย  present continuous with alwaysย ย 
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์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€
29:28
to stress the continuation of something negative.
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์ง€์†์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Always์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:33
She is always coming to work late.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ถœ๊ทผํ•œ๋‹ค.
29:37
So instead of saying she always comesย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ถœ๊ทผํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
29:39
to work late because always is aย  keyword for the present simple.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:45
Native speakers frequently putย  this in the present continuous.
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์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€ ์ด ๋ง์„ ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:49
I don't recommend that you doย  that because it really dependsย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
29:53
on the context if it sounds correct or incorrect.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งž๋Š”์ง€ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:57
But grammatically, it's always correctย  to use the present simple with always.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” Always์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:02
So that's what I recommend that you do.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ถŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:05
I'm just sharing this so you don't get confusedย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:07
when you hear a native speaker sayย  she is always coming to work late.
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์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ถœ๊ทผํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:14
Now you know the five verb tensesย  that make up 96% of your speech.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์—ฐ์„ค์˜ 96%๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” 5๊ฐœ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
30:20
So Are you ready for your quiz?
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ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ์‚ฌ์šฉ
30:22
To make sure you really know how toย  use them, here are the questions.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์‹œ
30:26
Hit pause and take as much time as you need.
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์ค‘์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
30:29
And when you're ready to continue, hit play.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
30:37
Here are the answers.
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๋‹ต๋ณ€์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:39
Hit pause.
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์ผ์‹œ ์ •์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
30:40
Review the answers, and whenย  you're ready to continue, hit play.
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๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์†ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
30:46
Now that you have an overview ofย  these verb tenses, let's look inย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์š”๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
30:51
more detail at the difference betweenย  the past simple and the present perfect.
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:57
So we use the past simple withย  the completed past action, right?
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋™์ž‘๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
31:03
This action is complete.
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์ด ์ž‘์—…์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:05
I already ate.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค.
31:06
That is a finished completed action in the past.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ž‘์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:11
Now let's talk about the present perfect.
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
31:13
Here's what you need to keep in mind.
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๋ช…์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:16
The present perfect has a manyย  different uses depending on the context.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:22
In this lesson, we're specifically talkingย  about comparing these two sentences.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:28
So in this specific context,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ํŠน์ • ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ
31:31
the present perfect can be used for aย  past action with a present consequence.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰๋™์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:39
OK, there are other waysย  we use the present perfect.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:43
We're not going to discuss those.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:45
We're specifically talking about this one,ย  meaning a past action with a present consequence.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:53
I've already eaten.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:55
So as you can see just from theirย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ •์˜์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด
31:58
definitions that they can both beย  used with a completed past action.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋™์ž‘๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:04
The difference is the present perfect present.
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์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ํ˜„์žฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:08
There is a connection to the present.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ โ€‹โ€‹์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:11
OK, so keep that as your memory aid.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์–ต ๋ณด์กฐ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
32:14
Present perfect present, connectionย  to the present with the past.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ, ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ.
32:18
Simple that connection to the present isn't there.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:23
One other thing you need to keep in mind is thatย  a native English speaker is not a grammar expert.
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๋ช…์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์€ ์˜์–ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:30
A native English speaker is going to useย  these two sentences in this specific context.
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์˜์–ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€ ์ด ํŠน์ • ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:37
They're going to use theseย  two sentences interchangeably,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
32:41
and there's not going toย  be a difference in meaning.
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์˜๋ฏธ์—๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:44
So when a native speaker says I already ate orย  I've already eaten, there's no difference at all.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ย I've done( ์ด๋ฏธ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค)๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ „ํ˜€ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:52
If you ask them why did youย  say this one and not this one,ย ย 
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์™œ ์ด ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด ๋ง์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋ฉด
32:56
they're not going to know becauseย  they don't study grammar, okay?
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:00
And they're both acceptable.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:02
So just keep that in mind.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ ์ ๋งŒ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
33:04
A native speaker is going to use themย  interchangeably with no difference in meaning.
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์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€ ์˜๋ฏธ ์ฐจ์ด ์—†์ด ์ด ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:10
But let's talk about thatย  subtle difference in meaning.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:13
When we say that the present perfectย  can be used with a past action thatย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
33:18
has a present consequence, what does that mean?
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
33:20
A present consequence.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ.
33:22
So let's just think about that.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
33:24
I already ate in the past.
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์˜ˆ์ „์— ์ด๋ฏธ ๋จน์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
33:26
Simple, just remember, completed past action.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ž‘์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:29
It's done, it's over.
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๋๋‚ฌ์–ด, ๋๋‚ฌ์–ด.
33:31
I already ate.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค.
33:32
Now when I say I've already eaten, there'sย  some sort of connection to the present.
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์ด์ œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:38
So you can always think of it inย  your head as I've already eaten.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋จน์—ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
33:43
So now, OK, I've already eaten.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ, ์•Œ์•˜์–ด, ๋‚œ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋จน์—ˆ์–ด.
33:48
So now because connection toย  the present, I've already eaten.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:52
So now I'm not hungry.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ”„์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
33:55
So now I don't want a piece of cake.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ€์ดํฌ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:59
So now I don't want to go to thatย  restaurant with you, OK, I've already eaten.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ทธ ์‹๋‹น์— ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:07
But keep in mind that.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
34:09
So now we don't verbalizeย  it, We don't say it out loud.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:14
It's just implied in the context.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์ƒ ์•”์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:18
OK, so let's take a look at a few more examples.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:21
I could say I talked to my boss,ย  just a completed past action.
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์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ž‘์—…์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:25
Or I could say I've talked to my boss.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:29
So what's the connection to the present?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
34:31
Maybe I've talked to my boss.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:34
So now I'm going to leave.
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์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ๋– ๋‚˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:36
Maybe that's just the connection to the present.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:38
It could be anything.
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:40
Again, we don't verbalize that.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:42
It's just imply.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์•”์‹œ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:44
How about this one?
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์ด๊ฑด ์–ด๋•Œ?
34:45
I checked the mail, I just completed past action.
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๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ง€๋‚œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:48
I checked the mail.
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๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
34:50
Or I've checked the mail in the present perfect.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
34:54
I've checked the mail.
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๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:56
What's the connection to the present?
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ โ€‹โ€‹์–ด๋–ค ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
34:58
I've checked the mail so you don't have to.
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๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ตณ์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์‹ค ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:01
That could be the connection to the present.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
35:04
One more example, I booked theย  hotel, completed past action,ย ย 
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ํ˜ธํ…”์„ ์˜ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ํ˜ธํ…”์„
35:10
or I could say I've bookedย  the hotel in the present.
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์˜ˆ์•ฝํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
35:13
Perfect.
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ.
35:15
I've booked the hotel.
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ํ˜ธํ…”์„ ์˜ˆ์•ฝํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
35:16
So now we're going on vacation.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:19
Maybe that's the connection to the present.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:21
So now I'm excited.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ํฅ๋ถ„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:24
Remember, we don't specificallyย  say it is just implied.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ฌต์‹œ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
35:28
And also in all of these examples in thisย  specific context, a native English speakerย ย 
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ํŠน์ • ๋งฅ๋ฝ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ˆ์—์„œ ์˜์–ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€
35:35
is going to use them interchangeablyย  without a difference in meaning.
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์˜๋ฏธ ์ฐจ์ด ์—†์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง
35:41
Amazing job.
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด๊ตฐ์š”.
35:42
Now let's look closer at the difference betweenย  the present simple and the present continuous.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:49
This is a mistake that I seeย  students making quite a lot,ย ย 
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์ด๊ฑด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฝค ๋งŽ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ด๊ณ ,
35:53
and this is a mistake that Iย  see my advanced students make.
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๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:57
Now you need to keep in mind that when you useย  a different verb tense, the meaning changes.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:04
So when I hear I live inย  Paris in the present simple,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ I live in Paris์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์ด
36:10
that is different from I'm livingย  in Paris, the meaning is differentย ย 
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I'm living in Paris์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ, ์˜๋ฏธ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ 
36:17
and I'm going to interpret them differentlyย  simply because of the verb tense you used.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:24
Now our present simple, I live in Paris.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:27
Of course, to form the present simple,ย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
36:29
we just take our base verb, whichย  is the infinitive without two.
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€
36:34
Remember, we need to conjugateย  this with our subject.
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ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
36:36
So if it was she, it would be she lives in Paris.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ผ๋ฉด ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
36:42
OK, Now we use the present simpleย  for routines like I'm sure you know,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ผ์— ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:47
but we also use the present simple whenย  we're talking about permanent situations,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:53
or you can think of them as simply facts.
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๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:56
So when I hear someone say I live inย  Paris, I see this as a permanent situation.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:05
I live in Paris.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค.
37:06
I live in Paris today, and I'm going toย  be living in Paris for the future as well.
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์ €๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ด ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:12
It's a permanent situation.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:15
Now let's take a look at our next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:17
I'm living in Paris.
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์ €๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
37:20
So this is in the present continuous.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:22
Now, of course, we form the present continuousย  with the verb to be conjugated with our subject.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:29
So I'm living.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:30
She is She's living conjugated with ourย  subject, and then we need our verb in ING form.
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She is She's living ํ™œ์šฉํ˜•์€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ING ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:39
She's living, I'm living now.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋„ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ
37:42
We use the present continuous forย  situations taking place right now, right?
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์—๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
37:49
But we also use the presentย  continuous for temporary situations.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
37:55
So when I hear I'm living in Paris, Iย  think of this as a temporary situation.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
38:03
So I think you're living in Paris right now,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
38:07
but you don't expect to beย  living in Paris in the future.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ด ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
38:12
When in the future?
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ?
38:14
Well, that isn't clear.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:16
But when I hear it, I think ofย  it as a temporary situation.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ง‰์ƒ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
38:22
And this is a big difference if you live in Parisย  permanently or you live in Paris temporarily,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:30
right, 'cause you can imagine if you go to a jobย  interview and then you say to the interviewer,ย ย 
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ทจ์—… ๋ฉด์ ‘์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ฉด์ ‘๊ด€์—๊ฒŒ '
38:38
I'm living in Paris, well, they might not thinkย  that you're going to be in the city for very long.
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์ €๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋„์‹œ์— ์•„์ฃผ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:46
So they might not consider you as anย  applicant because they want somebodyย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
38:50
who's going to be in the position for a long time.
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์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์ง€์›์ž๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:54
But you are only going to beย  in the city temporarily, right?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์‹œ์— ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
38:58
So that could have a really big impact.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:02
Or same thing if you're on a date and you'reย  talking to a potential romantic partner,ย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํŠธ ์ค‘์ด๊ณ  ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ๋กœ๋งจํ‹ฑ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
39:09
but you say I'm living in Paris,ย  well, they might think, well,ย ย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
39:13
it's not worthwhile to pursue this relationshipย  because she's going to be moving in the future.
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์ด ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์›€์ง์ด์„ธ์š”.
39:20
So there's a big difference inย  meaning between these two sentences.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์— ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:25
So keep in mind, we use the presentย  symbol for a permanent situation andย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
39:31
the present continuous for a temporary situation.
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์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
39:36
So now it's your turn to practice.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ฐจ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:38
I want you to put in the comments one sentence inย  the present, simple, that's a permanent situation.
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๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋งŒ ๋„ฃ์–ด์ฃผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:45
And one sentence in the presentย  continuous, that's a temporary situation.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:50
We're doing such a great job.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:52
Think of everything you learned.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
39:55
Now let's review the differenceย  between 4:00 and sense.
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์ด์ œ 4:00๊ณผ sense์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:00
Now there's a specific time that youย  need to choose either for or sense.
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์ด์ œ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:05
They're not interchangeable, and it will make yourย ย 
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์„œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ
40:08
sentence grammatically incorrectย  if you're using the wrong one.
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ •ํ™•ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:13
So first let's talk about four.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋จผ์ € 4๊ฐ€์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:16
We use 4 for duration.
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์ง€์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” 4๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:20
Okay, so you can think of itย  as a time that has a start and.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ž‘์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:24
An end a duration of time, for example,ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
40:29
for 20 minutes, for three weeks, forย  seven months, or how about for 12 years?
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20๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ, 3์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ, 7๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด 12๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?
40:38
Now we use sense with a specific time, so youย  can think of it as a precise moment in time.
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์ด์ œ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— sense๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:48
For example 9:00 AM last Monday, June 3rd, 2014.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด 2014๋…„ 6์›” 3์ผ ์ง€๋‚œ ์›”์š”์ผ ์˜ค์ „ 9์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:58
So that's the first thing you needย  to know to use these correctly.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:03
4 is a duration of time, andย  since is a specific time.
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4๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด๊ณ , ์ดํ›„๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:09
Now let's talk about the verbย  tenses that you need for each.
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์ด์ œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:14
So here's a little quiz for you.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž‘์€ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:16
I'm going to show you some sentencesย  using 4IN different verb tenses,ย ย 
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4IN์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ํ…๋ฐ,
41:23
and I want you to tell me which ones areย  correct and which ones are incorrect.
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์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งž๊ณ  ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ‹€๋ฆฐ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
41:30
And keep in mind we're talkingย  about the verb tense specifically,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
41:35
so that's what you need to look at.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:37
So I'll show you the example sentences now.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:00
So which ones are correctย  and which ones are incorrect?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งž๊ณ  ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
42:03
Let us know in the comments.
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๋Œ“๊ธ€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
42:07
Well, I hate to break it to you, but this wasย  a trick question because they're all correct.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์†์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ •ํ™•ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์†์ž„์ˆ˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:14
And the point is that four can beย  used with many different verbatimses.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์š”์ ์€ four๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ถ•์–ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:20
It's quite diverse in that way.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ฝค ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ด์š”.
42:22
Now let's do the same thing,ย  but this time we'll do it with.
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์ด์ œ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:27
Since so again, the time references are allย  correct, I'm using them all with specific time.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:34
But let's take a look at the verb tenses.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:38
So I'll show you the sentences and I want you toย  let us know which ones are correct and incorrect.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋งž๋Š”์ง€, ํ‹€๋ฆฐ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
43:01
So how'd you do with this one?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ผ์€ ์–ด๋• ๋‚˜์š”?
43:02
How about in the comments letย  us know which ones are correct?
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๋Œ“๊ธ€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
43:08
OK, put it in the comments.
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์•Œ์•˜์–ด, ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ ์–ด์ค˜.
43:11
Now this one wasn't a trick questionย  because sense is a lot more limited.
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์†์ž„์ˆ˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:17
So here are example sentences.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:19
The only correct ones were number one and #3ย ย 
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์€ 1๋ฒˆ๊ณผ 3๋ฒˆ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:28
You can use sense with the present perfectย  and the present perfect continuous.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
43:35
The reason why is because since we use this forย  an action that started in the past but continuesย ย 
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
43:45
until now, and we actually don't know when thatย  action is going to end, but it's important.
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ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์— ์ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ž‘์—…์ด ์–ธ์ œ ๋๋‚ ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:54
It started it in the past, continuesย  till now and is still built in progress.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:59
That's when we can use sense.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:02
All right, so now you know that four is usedย  for a duration of time and it's very diverse.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ 4๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:10
You can use it with many different verb tenses.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:14
You know that since we need aย  specific time and you can useย ย 
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ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
44:20
it with the present perfect andย  the present perfect continuous.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:24
Now let me show you a sentence that Iย  see almost every day and it's wrong.
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์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋งค์ผ ๋ณด๋Š” ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:31
And the sentence is I've beenย  learning English since two years.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๋‚˜๋Š” 2๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:39
All right, this sentence is wrong.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ํ‹€๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
44:42
Now, I want you to take this sentenceย  and make it a correct sentence.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ทจํ•ด์„œ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
44:49
You're going to need to change eitherย  the for or since or the time reference.
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๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋˜๋Š” ์ดํ›„ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:55
OK, so make your change and put theย  correct sentence in the comments below.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
45:01
Amazing, John.
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๋†€๋ž๋‹ค, ์กด.
45:02
Now let's talk about if youย  need you and me or you and I.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:09
Now the easiest, the absoluteย  easiest way to know which one youย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
45:15
need to use is always drop the youย  or drop the other person involved.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์‚ญ์ œ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:23
And just ask yourself in thisย  sentence, do I need me or I?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
45:31
Because when you answer thatย  question in every scenario,ย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์—์„œ ํ•ด๋‹น ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•  ๋•Œ
45:35
all you need to do is then add inย  the you and it will be correct.
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ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •๋‹ต์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:41
So let's take an example of thisย  and I'll show you what I mean.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:46
For example, give that to, give that to.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ €๊ฒƒ์„ ์ค˜, ์ €๊ฒƒ์„ ์ค˜.
45:51
I give that to me.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ค€๋‹ค.
45:54
What do you guys think?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
45:55
I or me put it in the comments below.
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๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:58
Give that to I give that to me.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
46:02
Hmm, it would be, of course, me.
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ํ , ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‚˜์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
46:06
Give that to me.
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๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ๋‚˜ํ•œํ…Œ ์ค˜.
46:08
So now all you need to add is another person.
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์ด์ œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:11
You could say, give that to myย  brother and me, for example.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋‚ด ๋™์ƒ๊ณผ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:15
Give that to my brother and me.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋‚ด ๋™์ƒ๊ณผ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
46:17
So it doesn't matter who you add after.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:20
Let's try another example.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:22
Let's say you're walking down the street and youย  see this beautiful garden and you ask a stranger,ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฑท๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ด ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์ •์›์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ '
46:28
you say, can you take a picture ofย  Can you take a picture of I or of me?
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์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์–ด ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ' ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์–ด ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
46:37
Can you take a picture of I?
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๋‚ด ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ข€ ์ฐ์–ด์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
46:39
Can you take a picture of me?
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์ œ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ข€ ์ฐ์–ด์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
46:41
Which one do you think?
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์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?
46:43
Put it in the comments below.
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์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ ์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
46:45
Can you take a picture of me?
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์ œ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ข€ ์ฐ์–ด์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
46:48
So now you just add, can you takeย  a picture of my friend and me,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋‚˜,
46:52
My friend and me, my friends and me.
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๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋‚˜, ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์–ด ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
46:56
It doesn't really matter what you put in.
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:59
So let's try another example.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:02
Went to the party.
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ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
47:05
Went to the party.
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ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
47:07
So is this me?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์•ผ?
47:08
Went to the party or I went to the party?
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ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๊ฐ”๋‚˜์š”, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๊ฐ”๋‚˜์š”?
47:12
What do you think?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
47:13
Put it in the comments.
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๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ ์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
47:15
Of course it's I went to the party.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‚˜๋Š” ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
47:18
So all we need to do is add in my friendsย  and I, you and I went to the party.
597
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜, ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋Š” ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์—๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์—
47:26
Doesn't matter what you putย  before I so one more example.
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋„ฃ์œผ์‹œ๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:32
Ran a marathon.
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๋งˆ๋ผํ†ค์„ ๋›ฐ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:36
I ran a marathon, me ran a marathon.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ผํ†ค์„ ๋›ฐ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ผํ†ค์„ ๋›ฐ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
47:39
What do you think?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
47:40
Put it in the comments.
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๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ ์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
47:43
I ran a marathon.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ผํ†ค์„ ๋›ฐ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
47:44
So now I know it's I so I canย  just add you and I ran a marathon.
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์ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•˜์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งˆ๋ผํ†ค์„ ๋›ฐ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์™€
47:49
My friends and I, my husband and I, myย  boss and I doesn't matter what you put in.
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๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ, ๋‚จํŽธ๊ณผ ๋‚˜, ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:56
My sister and I, it doesn't matter.
606
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๋‚ด ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:59
So that's the easiest way for you toย  know if you need you and me or youย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:05
and I just drop the you or drop the my friends.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:08
Drop the whoever it is, my coworkers, and justย  ask yourself, do I need me or I in this sentence?
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๋™๋ฃŒ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€?
48:17
Now if you're not sure if you need me or I,ย  you just have to remember this one thing.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด๊ฒƒ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:25
I is always the subject of a sentence, theย  subject of a sentence, OK, and what's me?
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด, OK, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
48:35
Me is the object of a sentence.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ด๋‹ค.
48:39
So just to quickly study this topic, let's go backย  to our example of Can you take a picture of me?
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ' ์ œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์–ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?'์˜ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:49
Can you take a picture of my friends and me?
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์ €์™€ ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์–ด์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
48:52
Hmm.
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ํ .
48:53
OK, so who's the subject in this sentence?
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ํ• 
48:57
Can you?
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์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
48:58
So you are the subject in this sentence.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:02
You are doing the action,ย  I am receiving the action.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:08
I'm the object in this sentence.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:12
Can you take a picture of me?
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์ œ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ข€ ์ฐ์–ด์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
49:15
So I'm not doing the action right.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
49:18
So the subject is the one doing the action,ย  the object is the one receiving the action.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ณ , ๊ฐ์ฒด๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:25
So that's just a quick overview, but thatย  is how you the easiest way to tell if youย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ฐ„๋žตํ•œ ๊ฐœ์š”์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„
49:30
need you and me or you and I think ofย  how much you've already improved yourย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ์ผฐ๋Š”์ง€,
49:36
grammar and how many mistakes you've probablyย  improved just by watching this master class.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค.
49:44
Now let's talk about irregular verbsย  because there are so many in English.
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์ด์ œ ์˜์–ด์—๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
49:50
To get you started, here are theย  50 most common irregular verbs.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ 50๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
49:55
The first verb is the most common verb in English.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. be
49:59
The verb to be to be, was or were, been.
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๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” be, was, was, been์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:05
Notice for the past simple.
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๋‹จ์ˆœ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:07
We have two choices, was or were.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ ํƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:11
Your choice depends on the subject.
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๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์„ ํƒ์€ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:14
I, ** ***.
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๋‚˜, ** ***.
50:16
It was Yesterday I was sick.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํŒ ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด์ œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:20
Yesterday he was sick.
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์–ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„ํŒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:23
Were is for you.
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๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:26
We and they.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ทธ๋“ค.
50:28
We were sick yesterday.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ์•„ํŒ ์–ด์š”.
50:29
They were sick yesterday.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด์ œ ์•„ํŒ ์–ด์š”.
50:31
The participle bin.
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๋ถ„์‚ฌ ์ƒ์ž.
50:33
I haven't been sick in years.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์•„ํ”„์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:36
Become became become.
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๋˜๋‹ค.
50:41
Yesterday I became sick.
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์–ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„ํŒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:44
Have you become sick?
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์•„ํ”„์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
50:47
Begin began, begun.
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์‹œ์ž‘, ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:50
I began the project 2 weeks ago.
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์ €๋Š” 2์ฃผ ์ „์— ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:53
Have you begun the project yet?
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์•„์ง ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
50:56
Bring, brought, brought.
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๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค์„ธ์š”, ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค์„ธ์š”, ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค์„ธ์š”.
51:00
She brought chocolates to the party.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์™”์„ ๋•Œ
51:03
She had already brought theย  chocolates by the time I came.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
51:08
Buy, bought, bought.
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๊ตฌ๋งค, ๊ตฌ๋งค, ๊ตฌ๋งค.
51:11
She bought new shoes last week.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ์ƒˆ ์‹ ๋ฐœ์„ ์ƒ€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:14
She had bought the shoesย  before she got the promotion.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจ์…˜์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์‹ ๋ฐœ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:19
Choose, chose, chosen.
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์„ ํƒ, ์„ ํƒ, ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:22
Notice the pronunciation differenceย  between our base verb chooseย ย 
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ choose
51:26
and the past and the participle chooseย  chose oh, oh, choose chose chosen.
657
3086760
9960
์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ ์ฐจ์ด์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. choose oh, oh, choose choose selected.
51:36
She chose me for her teamย  who had chosen that book.
658
3096720
6560
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ํŒ€์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
51:43
Come, came, come.
659
3103280
2320
์˜ค์„ธ์š”, ์˜ค์„ธ์š”.
51:45
She came home late.
660
3105600
1640
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง‘์— ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:47
Has she come to the party yet?
661
3107240
1960
๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์•„์ง ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ์•ˆ ์™”๋‚˜์š”?
51:49
Do.
662
3109200
1480
ํ•˜๋‹ค.
51:50
Did.
663
3110680
800
ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
51:51
Done.
664
3111480
1080
์™„๋ฃŒ.
51:52
I did the chores.
665
3112560
1880
๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง‘์•ˆ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
51:54
Have you done the chores?
666
3114440
2160
์ง‘์•ˆ์ผ์€ ๋‹ค ํ–ˆ์–ด?
51:56
Drink.
667
3116600
1160
๋งˆ์‹œ๋‹ค.
51:57
Drank.
668
3117760
1480
๋งˆ์…จ๋‹ค.
51:59
Drunk.
669
3119240
1200
์ˆ  ์ทจํ•œ.
52:00
She drank the entire bottle.
670
3120440
2800
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์„ ๋‹ค ๋งˆ์…จ๋‹ค.
52:03
She's drunk 2 bottles so far.
671
3123240
3960
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ 2๋ณ‘์„ ๋งˆ์…จ๋‹ค.
52:07
Drive.
672
3127200
1560
์šด์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค.
52:08
Drove.
673
3128760
1680
์šด์ „ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
52:10
Driven.
674
3130440
1680
์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜.
52:12
Who drove you here?
675
3132120
2400
๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค์™”๋‚˜์š”?
52:14
I was driven by my friend.
676
3134520
4480
๋‚˜๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์šด์ „๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:19
Eat, ate, eaten.
677
3139000
2880
๋จน๊ณ , ๋จน๊ณ , ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ œ๋Š”
52:21
I ate early yesterday.
678
3141880
2360
์ผ์ฐ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:24
Have you eaten yet?
679
3144240
1640
์•„์ง ์‹์‚ฌํ•˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ฐ€์„
52:25
Fall Fell.
680
3145880
2040
๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.
52:27
Fallen.
681
3147920
1040
ํƒ€๋ฝํ•œ.
52:28
She fell really hard.
682
3148960
2160
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์„ธ๊ฒŒ ๋„˜์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:31
She had fallen before it rained.
683
3151120
3720
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋„˜์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:34
Feel.
684
3154840
920
๋Š๋ผ๋‹ค.
52:35
Felt.
685
3155760
800
ํŽ ํŠธ.
52:36
Felt.
686
3156560
1320
ํŽ ํŠธ.
52:37
I felt bad.
687
3157880
1600
๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋‚˜๋นด์–ด์š”.
52:39
I haven't felt fabric like that before.
688
3159480
3240
์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์›๋‹จ์„ ๋Š๊ปด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:42
Find, found, found.
689
3162720
2840
์ฐพ์•˜๋‹ค, ์ฐพ์•˜๋‹ค, ์ฐพ์•˜๋‹ค.
52:45
I found 10 bucks on the street.
690
3165560
3120
๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ 10๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์› ์–ด์š”.
52:48
Have you ever found money before?
691
3168680
2400
์ „์— ๋ˆ์„ ์ฐพ์€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
52:51
Fly flew, Flown.
692
3171080
4000
๋‚ ๋‹ค ๋‚ ์•˜๋‹ค ๋‚  ์•˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
52:55
They flew to Paris last week.
693
3175080
3440
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:58
I've flown five times this year.
694
3178520
3920
์˜ฌํ•ด ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ 5๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ํƒ”์–ด์š”.
53:02
Forget, forgot, forgotten.
695
3182440
3720
์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ค, ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ค, ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ค.
53:06
Oh no, I forgot to buy milk.
696
3186160
3160
์•„, ์šฐ์œ  ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊นœ๋นกํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
53:09
Have you ever forgotten someone's birthday?
697
3189320
3440
๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ƒ์ผ์„ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
53:12
Get, got, got, or gotten.
698
3192760
4320
๊ฐ€์ ธ ์˜ค๊ธฐ, ๊ฐ€์ ธ ์˜ค๊ธฐ, ๊ฐ€์ ธ ์˜ค๊ธฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ ธ ์˜ค๊ธฐ. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ
53:17
You can use either one inย  the past participle form.
699
3197080
4040
์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
53:21
Got or gotten.
700
3201120
1680
์–ป์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:22
Gotten is more common in American English.
701
3202800
5640
Gotten์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:28
Yesterday I got a speeding ticket.
702
3208440
3800
์–ด์ œ ๊ณผ์† ๋”ฑ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:32
Have you ever gotten a speeding ticket?
703
3212240
3120
๊ณผ์† ๋”ฑ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
53:35
Give, gave, given.
704
3215360
2960
์ค˜, ์ค˜, ์ค˜.
53:38
I gave her a box of chocolates.
705
3218320
3560
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ ํ•œ ์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
53:41
Have you ever given someone chocolates?
706
3221880
3000
๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ์„ ๋ฌผํ•ด ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
53:44
Go, went, gone.
707
3224880
3000
๊ฐ€, ๊ฐ”๋‹ค, ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
53:47
Such a common verb, but I hear a lot ofย  mistakes with the verb go, go, went, gone.
708
3227880
8560
๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ํ”ํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ๋ฐ go, go, goes, gone ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:56
Yesterday we went to the store.
709
3236440
2760
์–ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
53:59
They've been gone for 20 minutes.
710
3239200
3720
๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ์ง€ 20๋ถ„์ด๋‚˜ ๋์–ด์š”. ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
54:02
Have had had.
711
3242920
2400
์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:05
She had a great time yesterday.
712
3245320
3440
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:08
We've had a great time since we got here.
713
3248760
4320
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•œ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:13
Hear, heard, heard yesterday.
714
3253080
3240
๋“ฃ๊ณ , ๋“ฃ๊ณ , ์–ด์ œ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:16
I heard the Best Song.
715
3256320
2840
๋ฒ ์ŠคํŠธ์†ก์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:19
Have you ever heard that song?
716
3259160
2040
๊ทธ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
54:21
Keep kept.
717
3261200
1760
๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
54:22
Kept.
718
3262960
920
์œ ์ง€๋œ.
54:23
The politician kept his promise.
719
3263880
2480
๊ทธ ์ •์น˜์ธ์€ ์•ฝ์†์„ ์ง€์ผฐ๋‹ค.
54:27
Have you kept your photos from your trip?
720
3267640
3840
์—ฌํ–‰์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
54:31
No New known.
721
3271480
3880
์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:35
I knew she did it.
722
3275360
3280
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
54:38
I've known him for 10 years.
723
3278640
3440
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฅผ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์ง€๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:42
Leave.
724
3282080
1080
๋– ๋‚˜๋‹ค.
54:43
Left.
725
3283160
1040
์™ผ์ชฝ.
54:44
Left.
726
3284200
1680
์™ผ์ชฝ.
54:45
She left at 5:00.
727
3285880
2920
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 5์‹œ์— ๋– ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
54:48
She had already left by the time I came.
728
3288800
3920
๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์™”์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:52
Lend.
729
3292720
1120
๋นŒ๋ ค์ฃผ๋‹ค.
54:53
Lent.
730
3293840
1160
์‚ฌ์ˆœ์ ˆ.
54:55
Lent.
731
3295000
1040
์‚ฌ์ˆœ์ ˆ.
54:56
I lent him some money.
732
3296040
2680
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ์„ ์ข€ ๋นŒ๋ ค์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
54:58
Have you ever lent anyone money?
733
3298720
2880
๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ ค์ค€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
55:01
Let let let.
734
3301600
2240
ํ•˜์ž ํ•˜์ž.
55:03
That one's easy.
735
3303840
1640
๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:05
She let me keep the money.
736
3305480
3000
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:08
I've let five people into the room so far lose.
737
3308480
6280
๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ 5๋ช…์„ ๋ฐฉ์— ์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:14
Lost.
738
3314760
920
์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ.
55:15
Lost.
739
3315680
1360
์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ.
55:17
I lost their number.
740
3317040
2800
์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
55:19
Have you ever lost your wallet?
741
3319840
2760
์ง€๊ฐ‘์„ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
55:22
Make Made.
742
3322600
1400
๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
55:24
Made.
743
3324000
840
55:24
They made a terrible mistake.
744
3324840
3440
๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„.
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ €์งˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:28
Have you ever made a promise that you didn't keep?
745
3328280
4080
์ง€ํ‚ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์•ฝ์†์„ ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
55:32
Meet, Met.
746
3332360
1920
๋งŒ๋‚˜๋‹ค ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
55:34
Met.
747
3334280
920
๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
55:35
We met last week.
748
3335200
2120
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:37
Have you met Fred yet?
749
3337320
1840
ํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ณธ ์  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
55:39
Pay.
750
3339160
680
55:39
Paid.
751
3339840
680
์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋‹ค.
์œ ๊ธ‰์˜.
55:40
Paid.
752
3340520
760
์œ ๊ธ‰์˜.
55:41
I already paid the bill.
753
3341280
2360
๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์—์„œ ๋Œ์•„์˜ฌ
55:43
She had paid the bill by the timeย  I got back from the bathroom.
754
3343640
4760
๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ฒญ๊ตฌ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
55:48
Put.
755
3348400
480
55:48
Put, put.
756
3348880
1400
๋†“๋‹ค.
๋„ฃ์–ด, ๋„ฃ์–ด.
55:50
That one's easy.
757
3350280
1800
๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:52
I put my new shoes in the closet.
758
3352080
4560
๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ ์‹ ๋ฐœ์„ ์˜ท์žฅ์— ๋„ฃ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
55:56
Have you put away your groceries yet?
759
3356640
3880
์•„์ง ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ์„ ์น˜์šฐ์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
56:00
Read, read, read.
760
3360520
2560
์ฝ๊ณ , ์ฝ๊ณ , ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
56:03
Notice the spelling is exactly theย  same, but the pronunciation changes.
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์ฒ ์ž๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋™์ผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:08
Read, read, read.
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์ฝ๊ณ , ์ฝ๊ณ , ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
56:11
Yesterday I read my book for 20 minutes.
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์–ด์ œ๋Š” 20๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:15
Have you read his autobiography yet?
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ž์„œ์ „์„ ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
56:18
Run, ran.
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๋‹ฌ๋ ค๋ผ, ๋‹ฌ๋ ธ๋‹ค.
56:20
Run.
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๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค.
56:21
He ran a marathon last week.
767
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ๋งˆ๋ผํ†ค์„ ๋›ฐ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
56:25
We've run three tests so far,ย  Say Said Said, Who said that?
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Say Said Said, ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‚˜์š”?
56:33
She had said that before our conversation.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:37
See Saw.
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์˜์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
56:39
Seen.
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๋ณธ.
56:41
I saw a movie last week.
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์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ดค์–ด์š”.
56:44
Have you seen that movie yet?
773
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๊ทธ ์˜ํ™” ๋ณธ ์  ์žˆ์–ด?
56:46
Sell.
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56:46
Sold.
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ํŒ”๋‹ค.
ํŒ๋งค๋œ.
56:47
Sold We sold our car.
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ํŒ๋งค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํŒ”์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:51
Have you sold your house yet?
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์•„์ง ์ง‘์„ ํŒ”์•˜๋‚˜์š”?
56:54
Send Sent Sent We sent the package last week.
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Send Sent Sent ์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ์— ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:00
Have you sent the package yet?
779
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์•„์ง ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
57:03
Sing Sang.
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์†ก์ƒ.
57:05
Sung She sang in the shower yesterday.
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์„ฑ์”จ๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ์ƒค์›Œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:10
Have you ever sung in the shower?
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์ƒค์›Œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ๋ณธ ์  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
57:13
Sit.
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์•‰๋‹ค.
57:14
Sat.
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57:14
Sat.
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์•‰์•˜๋‹ค.
์•‰์•˜๋‹ค.
57:15
She sat down and broke the chair.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•‰์•„์„œ ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
57:19
Have you ever sat beside someone famous?
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์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์˜†์— ์•‰์•„ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
57:22
Sleep.
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์ž .
57:23
Slept.
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์žค๋‹ค.
57:24
Slept.
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์žค๋‹ค.
57:26
I slept terrible last night.
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์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ์ž ์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ์žค์–ด์š”.
57:30
Have you ever slept outside?
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๋ฐ–์—์„œ ์ž๋ณธ ์  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
57:32
Speak.
793
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๋งํ•˜๋‹ค.
57:33
Spoke.
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์‚ด.
57:34
Spoken.
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์Œ์„ฑ.
57:35
Who spoke at the wedding?
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๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์‹์—์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ์„คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
57:38
I haven't spoken to her in years.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋…€์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:41
Stand.
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์„œ๋‹ค.
57:42
Stood.
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์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
57:43
Stood.
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์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
57:44
He stood me up.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ผ์–ด์„ฐ๋‹ค. ์ผ
57:47
Have you ever been stood up?
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์–ด์„  ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
57:49
When someone stands you up, it means you madeย  plans with someone, usually romantically,ย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„๋กœํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋ฐ์ดํŠธ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚ญ๋งŒ์ ์ธ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์› ์ง€๋งŒ
57:56
like a date, but the other person didn't show up.
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์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:01
They didn't come to the restaurantย  at 7:00 like they said they would.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•ฝ์†ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋กœ 7์‹œ์— ์‹๋‹น์— ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:06
So have you ever been stood up orย  have you ever stood someone up?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ผ์–ด์„  ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ผ์–ด์„  ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
58:12
Hopefully not.
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๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ฑด๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:13
Swim.
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์ˆ˜์˜.
58:14
Swam, swam.
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์ˆ˜์˜, ์ˆ˜์˜.
58:17
I swam in the ocean last week.
810
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
58:20
I haven't swum in the ocean for five years.
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๋‚˜๋Š” 5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:24
Take.
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๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€๋‹ค.
58:25
Took.
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๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
58:26
Taken.
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์ดฌ์˜.
58:27
She took our photo.
815
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:29
Have you taken anyone's photo before?
816
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์ด์ „์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์–ด ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
58:32
Teach taunt.
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์กฐ๋กฑ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜์„ธ์š”.
58:34
Taunt.
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์กฐ๋กฑ.
58:35
She taught them how to use irregular verbs.
819
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:39
Have you ever taught someoneย  how to use irregular verbs?
820
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นœ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
58:43
Tell, told, told.
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๋งํ•˜๊ณ , ๋งํ•˜๊ณ , ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:46
She told me the truth.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:48
Have you ever told a lie?
823
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
58:51
Think, thought.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
58:52
Thought.
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์ƒ๊ฐ.
58:53
I thought it was a good idea.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
58:56
Have you thought about moving?
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์ด์‚ฌํ•  ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ํ•ด๋ดค์–ด?
58:59
Understand.
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค.
59:00
Understood.
829
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์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
59:01
Understood.
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์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
59:03
I understood her explanation.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
59:06
Have you understood all these irregular verbs?
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๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
59:11
Where wore worn?
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์–ด๋””์— ์ž…์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
59:13
She wore her green dress to the party.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๋…น์ƒ‰ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž…์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:17
She hasn't worn her blue dress yet.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„์ง ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž…์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:22
Write, wrote, written.
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์“ฐ๊ณ , ์“ฐ๊ณ , ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:24
I wrote the answer in my notebook.
837
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ต์„ ๋…ธํŠธ์— ์ ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
59:27
Have you written the essay yet?
838
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์•„์ง ์—์„ธ์ด๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
59:30
Congratulations on completing this master class.
839
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์ด ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์นœ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:34
Do you want me to make more master classes?
840
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๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค๊นŒ์š”?
59:36
If you do put Master class, putย  master class in the comments.
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๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
59:41
And of course, make sure you like this lesson,ย  Share it with your friends and subscribe.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์…จ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
59:45
So you're notified every time I post a new lesson.
843
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:48
And you can get this free speakingย  guide where I share 6 tips on howย ย 
844
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:51
to speak English fluently and confidently.
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59:54
You can click here to download it orย  look for the link in the description.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
59:58
Now that you've improved your grammar, let'sย  expand your vocabulary with this lesson.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ดํœ˜๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:03
Watch it right now.
848
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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