IELTS BAND 9 Vocabulary | 200+ Words YOU MUST KNOW to Prepare for IELTS

24,002 views ใƒป 2025-02-28

JForrest English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Welcome to this English fluency masterย  class in this master class you'll learnย ย 
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์˜์–ด ์œ ์ฐฝ์„ฑ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค์—์„œ๋Š”
00:05
everything you need to prepare for your IELTSย  or language exam in this master class you'llย ย 
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IELTS ๋˜๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค์—์„œ๋Š”
00:11
improve your vocabulary, grammar, reading,ย  listening, writing, and of course, speaking.
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์–ดํœ˜๋ ฅ, ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•, ๋…ํ•ด, ์ฒญ์ทจ, ์“ฐ๊ธฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
Welcome back to JForrest English.
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JForrest English์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
Of course, I'm Jennifer Now
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๋ฌผ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
Let's get started first in this masterย  class, let's focus on vocabulary.
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๋จผ์ € ์ด ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ดํœ˜์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
You'll.
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00:27
Learn 33 words.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
33๊ฐœ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
00:29
You need to know to pass theย  ielts #1 feasible feasible.
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IELTS #1 Feasible Feasible์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
This means possible to do easily or conveniently.
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์ด๋Š” ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
Now, this is commonly used inย  writing when discussing theย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
00:45
practicality how practicalย  is proposals or solutions.
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์ œ์•ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ์ง€ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ธ€๋กœ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
For example, switching to renewable energy on aย  large scale may not be feasible, may not be easilyย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹คํ–‰ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ง€๋ฆฌ์  ์ œ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
01:00
or conveniently done in certainย  regions due to geographic limitations.
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ํŠน์ • ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‰ฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:06
Or for an everyday example, you couldย  say when you have a great teacher,ย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์ž๋ฉด, ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:11
getting a high IL score becomesย  feasible, becomes easy to do.
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๋†’์€ IL ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์‰ฌ์›Œ์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
Do you agree with that?
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๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ์ด์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
01:18
If you do, put that's right, that'sย  right, put that's right in the comments.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋งž์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋งž์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋งž์•„์š”๋ฅผ ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
01:23
And don't worry about taking notes becauseย  I summarize everything in a free lesson PDF.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์—… PDF๋กœ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
You can find the link in theย  description #2 Proponent Proponent.
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์„ค๋ช… #2 ์ œ์•ˆ์ž ์ œ์•ˆ์ž์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค
01:34
This is a person who advocates for who supportsย  a theory, proposal, or course of action.
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์ด๋ก , ์ œ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์€
01:43
Now, this is frequently seen inย  discussions about policy debatesย ย 
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์ •์ฑ… ๋…ผ์Ÿ
01:47
and research in both speaking and writing,ย  for example, proponents of renewable energy.
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์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ์™€ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ง€์ง€์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
So this is people who support,ย  who advocate for renewable energy,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜นํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
02:00
argue that it provides a sustainableย  alternative to fossil fuels.
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์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:06
I am a proponent of supporting any,ย ย 
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์„œ๋Š”
02:10
any foundation, any, any type of groupย  that is being proactive about this.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์žฌ๋‹จ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:16
As you know, I've been a very strong andย  vocal proponent in the industry regardingย ย 
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ €๋Š” ์—…๊ณ„์—์„œ
02:23
the both the need and the opportunity toย  rethink the models from the ground up.
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๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ธฐํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ด๋ ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
I'm a huge proponent of all of us beingย  interdependent versus independent.
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜์กด์ ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํžˆ ์ง€์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
Independent #3 deploy, deploy.
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๋ฌด์†Œ์† #3 ๋ฐฐ์น˜, ๋ฐฐ์น˜.
02:40
This means to move into position forย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์œ„์น˜๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธ
02:43
action or it can mean to utilizeย  something in a strategic manner.
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ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ „๋žต์  ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
This is often used in writing toย  describe the implementation of resources.
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์ด๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค ๊ตฌํ˜„์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
So the use of resources or strategiesย  in various fields, for example,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ž์›์ด๋‚˜ ์ „๋žต์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ , ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
03:00
the government, this isย  commonly used with government.
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์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
The government deployed emergency teams,ย ย 
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์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋น„์ƒ ๋Œ€์‘ํŒ€์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
03:06
so they put those teams in positionย  or used them strategically.
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๊ทธ ํŒ€์„ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ „๋žต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
So how did they use them strategically?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ „๋žต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ?
03:13
Perhaps to help tackle theย  aftermath of the hurricane?
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ธ ์—ฌํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ?
03:19
Deploy algorithm and accidentallyย  deploy when you were landing.
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์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜๋‹ค ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
Deploy the fleet #4 notable, notable.
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ํ•จ๋Œ€ #4๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ, ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ.
03:28
This means worthy of attention or notice.
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์ด๋Š” ์ฃผ์˜๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
It could also simply mean remarkable.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
This is commonly found in writing to highlightย  significant differences or achievements.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด๋‚˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธ€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:41
For example, one notable difference.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
So one significant difference.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์  ํ•˜๋‚˜.
03:46
One important difference between rural andย ย 
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๋†์ดŒ๊ณผ โ€‹โ€‹๋„์‹œ ์ƒํ™œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
03:49
urban lifestyles is the level ofย  access to healthcare facilities.
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์˜๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
African soldiers proved to be notableย  jungle fighters, and that's one of the moreย ย 
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ตฐ์ธ๋“ค์€ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์ •๊ธ€ ์ „์‚ฌ์ž„์ด ์ž…์ฆ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋Š”
03:59
notable aspects of how we painted at thisย  time anyway, certainly through the 1490s.
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๋‹น์‹œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ ํŠนํžˆ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋ฉฐ , ํŠนํžˆ 1490๋…„๋Œ€๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
This well preserved church is notableย  due to its high church tower that hasย ย 
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๋ณด์กด ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์€ ์ด ๊ตํšŒ๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฒผ๋ฝ์„ ๋งž์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋†’์€ ๊ตํšŒ ํƒ‘์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
been struck by lightning numerous timesย  throughout its history #5 detrimental.
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#5.
04:13
Detrimental.
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ํ•ด๋กœ์šด.
04:14
This means causing harm or tending to cause harm.
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์ด๋Š” ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์น˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
This is used in writing mainly to discuss negativeย  impacts or consequences of policies and actions.
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์ด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ •์ฑ…์ด๋‚˜ ์กฐ์น˜์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธ€๋กœ ์“ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
You could say while many aspectsย  of technology are beneficial,ย ย 
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ์œ ์ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
04:32
excessive screen time can have a detrimentalย  effect, a negative effect on mental health.
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ํ™”๋ฉด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ธธ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด ์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
So this is a great word to have that contrast,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ธฐ์— ์ข‹์€๋ฐ, ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ
04:42
which is commonly done inย  writing, can be detrimental.
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์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๋Š” ํ•ด๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
Matt, you're a detriment here.
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๋งท, ๋„ˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฐฉํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์กด์žฌ์•ผ.
04:48
My bitterness would be detrimental to my recovery.
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๋‚ด ๋น„ํ†ตํ•จ์€ ๋‚ด ํšŒ๋ณต์— ํ•ด๋กœ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
04:50
Number six, mitigate, mitigate.
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์—ฌ์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
04:54
This means to make lessย  severe, serious or painful.
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์ด๋Š” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
This is useful in writing and speaking toย  discuss ways to reduce negative impacts,ย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ILS์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ํŠนํžˆ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:04
especially in environmental contexts,ย  which are common on the ILS.
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05:10
For example, countries worldwideย  are investing in renewable energyย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:15
as a means to mitigate to reduceย  the effects of climate change.
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05:20
So to make those effects less seriousย  to mitigate, stop mitigating everyoneย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์™„ํ™” ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์™„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜์„ธ์š”
05:26
with mitigating circumstances on mitigatingย  the health risks #7 discrepancy discrepancy.
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.
05:35
This is a lack of compatibility orย  similarity between two or more facts.
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์ด๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ํ˜ธํ™˜์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
This is commonly used in writing whenย  analyzing data or discussing research findings.
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์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
For example, a noticeableย  discrepancy exists betweenย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋„์‹œ์™€ ๋†์ดŒ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์†Œ๋“ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:54
the reported income levels ofย  urban and rural populations.
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05:59
So the discrepancy is that difference.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๋ž€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
Why is there this discrepancy?
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์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?
06:05
It.
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06:05
Seems that we're doing a comparative evaluation,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ.
๋น„๊ต ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ,
06:07
but typically, I could find a discrepancy andย  then I would say, well, I'm not saying it.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” '๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์–ด์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
And any discrepancy should hopefully be external.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
So as I go #8 resilient.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” #8 ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ท„์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
Notice that resilient, resilient.
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ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
06:22
If someone is resilient, it means they're able toย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„
06:25
withstand or recover quicklyย  from difficult conditions.
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๊ฒฌ๋ŽŒ๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:30
This is very useful in speaking andย  writing when discussing communitiesย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ IELTS์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋‚˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์“ธ ๋•Œ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:35
or individuals facing challenges,ย  which is very common on the IELTS.
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06:40
For example, communities affected by naturalย  disasters have proven to be remarkably resilient,ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ž์—ฐ์žฌํ•ด์˜ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…์€ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ฆ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
06:48
rebuilding their lives and homes so they're ableย  to quickly recover from these negative situations.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์ง‘์„ ์žฌ๊ฑดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ต์••์ด ์•„๋‹Œ,
06:55
It's time to embrace a resilient, strongย  culture of processing, not repressing.
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ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:02
We can push for a safe, kind,ย  resilient and human digital future.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ , ์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์ด ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ , ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
People are leaving these climate resilient areasย  for economic reasons #9 alleviate, alleviate.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๊ธฐํ›„ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋– ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. #9 ์™„ํ™”, ์™„ํ™”.
07:18
This is to make suffering orย  deficiency or a problem less severe.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ณ ํ†ต์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐํ• ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋œ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
This is commonly used in writing and speaking toย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ๋นˆ๊ณค์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:28
discuss solutions to societalย  issues like poverty or health.
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07:35
For example, local governments areย  implementing policies to alleviateย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ๋‚œ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
07:41
to reduce housing shortages inย  urban centers #10 vulnerable.
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๋„์‹œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์˜ ์ทจ์•ฝ๊ณ„์ธต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
Do you know this one?
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์ด๊ฑฐ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
07:49
Vulnerable.
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์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ.
07:51
This means susceptible toย  physical or emotional harm.
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์ด๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๋˜๋Š” ์ •์„œ์  ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
Again, this is often used in discussionsย ย 
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์ด๋Š”
07:59
about social issues, health,ย  and even environmental concerns.
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์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜์—์„œ๋„ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
You could say older populations are moreย  vulnerable, so they're more susceptibleย ย 
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๋…ธ๋ น ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋” ์ทจ์•ฝํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ฆ‰
08:11
to health issues, which means theyย  get health issues easier and faster.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ๋†’๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
Vulnerable, especially duringย  severe weather conditions.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์•…์ฒœํ›„์—๋Š” ์ทจ์•ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:22
He's vulnerable, vulnerable,ย  vulnerable #11 paradigm.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ทจ์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ , ์ทจ์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ , ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ #11 ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
This one is very common paradigm.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋งค์šฐ ํ”ํ•œ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์ด์—์š”.
08:30
This is a typical example or pattern of something.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ํŒจํ„ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
You can think of it as a model.
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๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
This is frequently found in writing toย  discuss shifts in thinking or approaches.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋‚˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธ€์—์„œ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ต์‹ค์—
08:44
You could say the adoption of digital technologyย ย 
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๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋„์ž…๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
08:47
in classrooms represents aย  significant paradigm shift.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
So a shift in thinking in education is thatย  it's a paradigm that's trying to hold us back.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ต์œก์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
So it's kind of a new paradigm that actually seemsย  to unlock things not only in fundamental physics,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™๋ฟ๋งŒ
09:04
but also in the foundations ofย  mathematics and computer science,ย ย 
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ,
09:07
and possibly in areas likeย  biology and economics as well.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ž ๊ธˆ์„ ํ•ด์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
I believe it's time to reject that oldย  paradigm and realize that our fates are linked.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์šด๋ช…์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์„ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
Are you enjoying this lesson?
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
09:18
If you are, then I want to tell youย  about the Finally Fluent Academy.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ Finally Fluent Academy์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
This is my premium training program whereย  we study native English speakers from TV,ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ TV,
09:30
movies, YouTube, and the news.
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์˜ํ™”, YouTube, ๋‰ด์Šค์—์„œ ์˜์–ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ์—„ ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
So you can improve your listeningย  skills of fast English, expand yourย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์˜์–ด ์ฒญ์ทจ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ,
09:37
vocabulary with natural expressions,ย  and learn advanced grammar easily.
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์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ์–ดํœ˜๋ ฅ์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
Plus, you'll have me as your personal coach.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ €๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ฝ”์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ๋งํฌ
09:45
You can look the description for theย  link to learn more or you can go toย ย 
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์„ค๋ช…์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
09:49
my website and click on Finally Fluent Academy.
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๋‚ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ Finally Fluent Academy๋ฅผ โ€‹โ€‹ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
09:53
Now let's continue with our lesson #12 viable.
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์ด์ œ 12๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
Viable.
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์ƒ์กด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ.
09:59
This means capable of working successfully.
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์ด๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
It can also mean feasible.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
So it's very important to learn alternatives,ย  synonyms, because you'll commonly see them.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Œ€์ฒด์–ด, ๋™์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํ”ํžˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
And if you want to discuss these same issues,ย  you can use an alternative word, a synonym.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋‹จ์–ด, ๋™์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
So now we have viable.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
This is used in discussions aboutย  sustainability and practical solutions.
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์ด๋Š” ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ† ๋ก ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
For example, solar power, you couldย  say, is becoming a viable alternativeย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ๋ฐœ์ „์€
10:31
to traditional energy sources in manyย  sunny regions at least #13 benign.
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์ ์–ด๋„ #13 ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์˜จํ™”ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์Œ
10:40
Notice that silent G benign 9 Benign.
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๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” G๊ฐ€ ์–‘์„ฑ์ธ 9 ์–‘์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:45
This means having no significantย  harm or adverse effect.
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์ฆ‰, ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ํ”ผํ•ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
Negative effect.
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๋ถ€์ •์  ํšจ๊ณผ.
10:52
This is commonly used in discussions aboutย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜์—์„œ
10:55
impacts and effects to talk aboutย  something not having an effect.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
For example, despite initial fears,ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ ค์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
11:04
the new construction projects are expectedย  to have a benign effect on local wildlife.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฑด์„ค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ ์•ผ์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ์— ๋ฌดํ•ดํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
So it means the new constructionย  projects don't have an effect.
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์ฆ‰, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฑด์„ค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€
11:16
They don't have a significant effect.
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ํฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
They have a benign effect.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–‘์„ฑ์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค.
11:21
It's benign.
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์–‘์„ฑ์ด์—์š”.
11:22
Were they benign?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์–‘์„ฑ์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
11:24
Fine and benign #14 conducive.
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์„ฌ์„ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์–‘์„ฑ์ธ #14๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
Conducive.
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๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š”.
11:29
This means making a certain situationย  or outcome likely or possible.
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์ด๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
This is common in discussions about environmentsย  that encourage certain behaviors or outcomes.
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์ด๋Š” ํŠน์ • ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ† ๋ก ์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:41
For example, students suggestย  that a clutter free space.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์žก๋™์‚ฌ๋‹ˆ ์—†๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
A space free of clutter, freeย  of things, distracting things,ย ย 
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์–ด์ˆ˜์„ ํ•จ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐฉํ•ด๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€
11:50
is conducive to better concentration and learning.
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์ง‘์ค‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ•™์Šต์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
So it helps you achieve that outcome.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
It's not conducive to health.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
11:59
Atmosphere wasn't conducive, right?
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๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ ?
12:01
So doesn't isn't conducive to rhyming.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์šด์œจ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๋Š” ๋ฐ๋Š” ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
Well #15 incentive.
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์Œ, #15 ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ.
12:06
Incentive.
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์ž๊ทน.
12:07
Do you know this one?
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์ด๊ฑฐ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
12:08
This is a thing that motivates orย  encourages someone to do something.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฉ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
This is used in discussions aboutย  economics, business, and public policy.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ, ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค, ๊ณต๊ณต ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
You hear this frequently.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์€ ์ž์ฃผ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:21
For example, to reduce emissions, the governmentย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๋ถ€๋Š”
12:24
introduced financial incentives forย  companies investing in clean energy.
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์ฒญ์ • ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์— ์žฌ์ •์  ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
So those companies will get something in returnย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€
12:34
and incentive if they investย  in clean energy #16 compile.
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์ฒญ์ • ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณด์ƒ๊ณผ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
Compile.
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์—ฎ๋‹ค.
12:42
This means to produce by assemblingย  information and other sources.
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์ด๋Š” ์ •๋ณด์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ถœ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
This is often used in academicย  writing and research discussions.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข…์ข… ํ•™์ˆ ์  ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋…ผ์˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:52
For example, the researchers compiledย  so gathered together compiled data fromย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„์„
12:59
numerous sources to ensureย  a comprehensive analysis,ย ย 
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๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ถœ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์•„์„œ ํŽธ์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ,
13:04
compiled them in our data processesย  and combined it with compilation.
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์—์„œ ํŽธ์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŽธ์ง‘๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
Who compiled this map?
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์ด ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:11
17 Contradictory Contradictory.
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17 ๋ชจ์ˆœ ๋ชจ์ˆœ.
13:16
This means mutually opposed or inconsistent.
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์ด๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
This is used in writing when discussingย  conflicting ideas or conflicting data.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ์ถฉ๋˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ์ถฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ธ€๋กœ ์“ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
For example, the study presentsย  contradictory findings,ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ์ˆœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
13:31
with one portion indicating benefits andย  another highlighting potential risks.
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ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ด์ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
So they're opposed to each other, risksย  and benefits and risks they're opposed.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ณผ ์ด์ ๊ณผ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
So it's contradictory.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ชจ์ˆœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
13:45
Saying that out loud almost sounds contradictory.
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์ด๊ฑธ ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ชจ์ˆœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
Upside and grief.
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์ข‹์€ ์ ๊ณผ ์Šฌํ”ˆ ์ .
13:51
And honestly, our physics is tellingย  us a lot of contradictory things.
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์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ์ˆœ๋˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋งํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:55
They allow us to interpret itsย  complex and contradictory signals.
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ์ˆœ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:00
#18 Foster Foster This is to encourage orย  promote the development of something, and usuallyย ย 
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#18 ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ ์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ณดํ†ต์€
14:09
something good, and this is commonly used inย  discussions about education and social policies.
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์ข‹์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:17
Educational institutions should foster creativity,ย ย 
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๊ต์œก ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜
14:22
encourage creativity because it is positive andย  critical thinking in their students #19 retention.
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋น„ํŒ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์„ ์œก์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฅ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:32
Retention.
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๋ณด์œ .
14:34
This is the continued possession,ย  use, or control of something.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ์œ , ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋˜๋Š” ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:39
This is used in writing when discussingย  education and employment practices.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๊ณ ์šฉ ๊ด€ํ–‰์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ธ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:45
Very common in employment, for example, employeeย  retention, the ability to retain keep employees.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ณ ์šฉ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง์› ์œ ์ง€, ์ฆ‰ ์ง์›์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํ”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
Employee retention remainsย  a priority as high turnover.
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์ง์› ์ด์ง๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง์› ์œ ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์šฐ์„  ๊ณผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:59
Employees leaving as high turnover canย  disrupt team dynamics #20 depict depict.
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์ง์› ์ด์ง๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์œผ๋ฉด ํŒ€ ์—ญํ•™์ด ๊นจ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. #20 ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ.
15:08
This is to represent by a drawing,ย  painting, or other art form.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ, ํšŒํ™” ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:15
This is common in discussions about art andย  literature, which is common in writing tasks.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ† ๋ก ์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ , ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ๊ณผ์ œ์—์„œ๋„ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:22
For example, art from this.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ .
15:25
Typically depicts scenes so in that artย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—์„œ
15:29
you see this scene represented, soย  depicts scenes of everyday life.
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๊ทธ ์žฅ๋ฉด์ด ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์žฅ๋ฉด์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์˜ ์žฅ๋ฉด์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:35
Show casting rural traditions inside the church.
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๊ตํšŒ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋†์ดŒ์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‡ผ ์บ์ŠคํŒ….
15:39
The paintings depict scenes from the old andย  new testaments and effigies of patron Saintsย ย 
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ ๊ตฌ์•ฝ๊ณผ ์‹ ์•ฝ์˜ ์žฅ๋ฉด๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ธ์„ฑ์ธ์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
15:44
would it would depict it as an illustration of theย  flexibility and wisdom of common law adjudication.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ฒ• ํŒ๊ฒฐ์˜ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง€ํ˜œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:50
The paintings depict the image of a chair inย  various stages of completion or dissolution.
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ ์™„์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ํ•ด์ฒด์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์ž์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:59
21 to steer clear of So notice here weย  have a phrase to steer clear of something.
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21. ํ”ผํ•˜๋‹ค ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:07
This means to avoid someone or something.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:12
This is used in speaking and you can useย  it to give advice or recommendations,ย ย 
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๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์กฐ์–ธ์ด๋‚˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
16:17
which is very common on IELTS.
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์ด๋Š” IELTS์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:19
For example, health professionalsย  often advise patients to steer clearย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ข…์ข… ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์›ฐ๋น™์„
16:24
of to avoid processed foods to maintainย  overall well-being 22 solely solely.
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์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ณต ์‹ํ’ˆ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์กฐ์–ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
16:34
This means not involving anyone or anything else.
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์ฆ‰, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—ฐ๋ฃจ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:38
It can also be a replacement toย  only This is useful in writingย ย 
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Š” only๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”
16:43
to clarify specific points or responsibilities.
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๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:47
For example, the success of the projectย  does not solely depend on funding.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์€ ์˜ค๋กœ์ง€ ์ž๊ธˆ ์กฐ๋‹ฌ์—๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:54
So it does not only depend on funding,ย  but also on effective management.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Š” ์ž๊ธˆ ์กฐ๋‹ฌ์—๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—๋„ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:00
So this is a nice complex sentence andย  you can replace only with solely 23.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋ฉฐ only๋ฅผ only๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 23.
17:06
Abundant.
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Abundant.
17:08
Abundant.
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ํ’์กฑํ•œ.
17:09
This means existing orย  available in large quantities.
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์ด๋Š” ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ๋งค ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:14
It also means plentiful.
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
17:16
This is commonly used in discussionsย  about resources and again, environments.
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์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค์™€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:23
The country is known for its abundant naturalย  resources, particularly oil and timber.
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์„์œ ์™€ ๋ชฉ์žฌ ๋“ฑ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ฒœ์—ฐ์ž์›์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:31
Public space must be as free andย  abundant as the air we breathe.
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๊ณต๊ณต ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ธํกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ณ  ํ’๋ถ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:35
Fishing near the village.
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๋งˆ์„ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ๋‚š์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:36
Seals in Caribou were abundant to speak of.
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์นด๋ฆฌ๋ถ€์—๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:39
It does have abundant landย  and abundant sun and wind.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—๋Š” ๋•…์ด ๋„“๊ณ  ํ–‡๋น›๊ณผ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:43
We can't all duplicate that.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ณต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ฃ .
17:44
20.
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20.
17:45
4 Sustainability Sustainability This isย ย 
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4 ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์ด๋Š”
17:49
the ability to be maintainedย  at a certain rate or level.
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ํŠน์ • ์†๋„๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:54
This frequently appears in discussionsย  about environmental issues and development.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ† ๋ก ์—์„œ ์ž์ฃผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
18:01
Investing in renewable resources is criticalย  for the sustainability of our environment.
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์žฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ž์›์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
18:09
You will absolutely hear this wordย  and you should use it as well.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ผญ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ๊ผญ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด๋ณด์…”์•ผ ํ•  ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:13
Biodiversity can contribute toย  the sustainability of a community.
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์ƒ๋ฌผ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์€ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:17
And I think the main way I I think youย  should look at it is about sustainability.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:23
Sustainability.
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์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ
18:24
It's become something that a lot ofย  people in the world are striving forย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์š”์ฆ˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ
18:28
because we recognize what's goingย  on with the world these days.
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
18:31
25 Assess Assess This means toย  evaluate or estimate the nature,ย ย 
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25 ํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ,
18:38
ability, or quality of something.
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๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋˜๋Š” ์งˆ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ต์œก์ด๋‚˜ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ
18:41
This is common in writing when discussingย ย 
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๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ํ”ํžˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:44
evaluations in educationย  and business, for example.
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.
18:49
Teachers assess students understandingย  through regular tests and assignments.
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๊ต์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์‹œํ—˜๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ดํ•ด๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:56
It assesses tests, assess your options.
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ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์„ ํƒ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:58
Interesting assessment 26 Target Target.
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ํ‰๊ฐ€ 26 ํƒ€๊ฒŸ ํƒ€๊ฒŸ.
19:04
This is an objective or resultย  toward which efforts are directed.
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์ด๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์ง€ํ–ฅ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
19:09
So you direct your efforts toward a target.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:13
This is commonly used in writing, especiallyย  in essays discussing your goals and objectives.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์™€ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์—์„ธ์ด์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด
19:20
You could say the initiative targets a 25%ย  reduction in carbon emissions within five years.
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์ด๋‹ˆ์…”ํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” 5๋…„ ๋‚ด์— ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ 25% ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:29
So notice here it's a verb.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
19:31
The initiative targets to target.
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์ด ์ด๋‹ˆ์…”ํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋Š” ํƒ€๊นƒ์„ ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:34
This is also a noun odd target.
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์ด๊ฒƒ ์—ญ์‹œ ํ™€์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:37
The target is a 25% reduction.
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๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” 25% ๊ฐ์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:41
27 Illicit Illicit.
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27 ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•.
19:44
This is to get a response, answer or fact fromย  someone, often through questioning or discussion.
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์ด๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋‚˜ ํ† ๋ก ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฐ˜์‘, ๋Œ€๋‹ต ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
19:52
This is commonly used in writing whenย  discussing studies, research or data.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ธ€๋กœ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:57
For example.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ
19:58
The questions were designedย  to elicit authentic responses,ย ย 
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
20:03
so to get real honest responses from participants.
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์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง„์งœ๋กœ ์†”์งํ•œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง„์‹ฌ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:08
#28 Decipher Decipher.
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#28 ํ•ด๋…ํ•˜๋‹ค ํ•ด๋…ํ•˜๋‹ค.
20:12
This means to interpret or to make sense ofย  something that is difficult to understand.
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์ด๋Š” ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:18
A synonym is to decode, to decipher, to decode.
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๋™์˜์–ด๋Š” ํ•ด๋…ํ•˜๋‹ค, ํ•ด๋…ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•ด๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:23
This is commonly used in writing whenย  discussing the meaning of someone or something.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
20:29
For example, scholars spent decadesย  attempting to decipher the ancient script.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋…ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:36
So attempting to understand theย  meaning of the ancient script,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๋ฌธ์ž์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
20:42
Professor Arm wants to decipher whichย  data can lead to discriminatory actionsย ย 
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Arm ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ํ–‰๋™
20:46
or privacy invasions and to set safeguardsย  for a better protection of human subjects.
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์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด ์นจํ•ด๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์•ˆ์ „ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:51
In data science, students with hearing loss relyย  more heavily on visual cues to decipher what isย ย 
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒญ๊ฐ ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€ํ™” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๋‹จ์„œ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
20:57
being said, and now we have the capacity toย  decipher life in a way we never did before.
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, ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „์—๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ถ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:05
29 Fluctuate, fluctuate.
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29 ๋ณ€๋™ํ•˜๋‹ค, ๋ณ€๋™ํ•˜๋‹ค.
21:08
This means to change or vary irregularly,ย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ
21:13
so not by following a patternย  and often in amount or level.
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, ์ข…์ข… ์–‘์ด๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:19
This is commonly used when discussing theย  results or current state of something.
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์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:24
For example, the stock market fluctuates.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ฃผ์‹ ์‹œ์žฅ์€ ๋ณ€๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„์•„๋ž˜๋กœ
21:27
It's up, it's down, and it's notย  a regular pattern, it's irregular.
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์›€์ง์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทœ์น™์ ์ธ ํŒจํ„ด์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:32
The stock market fluctuates dramaticallyย  in response to world events.
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์ฃผ์‹ ์‹œ์žฅ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:38
Any weight fluctuations This weight fluctuates.
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๋ฌด๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€๋™ ์ด ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ณ€๋™๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:41
Any weight fluctuations #30 Outline outline.
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๋ฌด๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€๋™ #30 ๊ฐœ์š” ๊ฐœ์š”.
21:46
This is to give a summary of something and isย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”์•ฝ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
21:49
often used in writing to presentย  main ideas or structures clearly.
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์ข…์ข… ๊ธ€์—์„œ ์ฃผ์š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:55
For example, the professor outlined theย  main points of the lecture at the beginning.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜์€ ๊ฐ•์˜์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:02
Just the outline.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ฐœ์š”๋งŒ์š”. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ
22:03
Anything you outline withย  this I just outlined for you.
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์— ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:07
31 Promote Promote.
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31 ํ™๋ณด ํ™๋ณด.
22:09
This means to support or actively encourage.
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์ด๋Š” ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฅ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:14
This is frequent in discussions about publicย  health, education and social initiatives.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ๊ณต๊ณต ๋ณด๊ฑด, ๊ต์œก ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ด๋‹ˆ์…”ํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜์—์„œ ์ž์ฃผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:20
For example, government campaigns often promoteย  healthier lifestyles to reduce healthcare costs.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ •๋ถ€ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์€ ์ข…์ข… ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ƒํ™œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์žฅ๋ คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:28
32 Habitat Habitat This is the naturalย  environment in which an Organism lives.
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32 ์„œ์‹์ง€ ์„œ์‹์ง€ ์ด๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:37
This is commonly used in discussionsย  about ecology and conservation.
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์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํƒœํ•™๊ณผ ๋ณด์กด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ† ๋ก ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:42
For example, protecting forests isย  essential to preserving the habitats.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ˆฒ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:49
The homes of numerous species.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…์˜ ์„œ์‹์ง€.
22:52
33 Augment Augment.
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33 ์ฆ๊ฐ• ์ฆ๊ฐ•.
22:56
This is to make somethingย  larger, greater, or more intense.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ, ๋” ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:01
This is common in speaking and writingย  to discuss increases or improvementsย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ์™€ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:07
in systems, infrastructures or even skills.
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.
23:11
For example, the government allocated additionalย  funds to augment public health services so toย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต ๋ณด๊ฑด ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ํ• ๋‹นํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์š”์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ
23:19
help improve the size or state of these publicย  health services in response to rising demands.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณต๊ณต ๋ณด๊ฑด ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ •๋ง
23:27
Amazing job.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์ผ์ด์—์š”.
23:28
Now let's keep focusing on vocabulary.
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์ด์ œ ์–ดํœ˜์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:31
Now you'll learn 30 full phrasesย  specifically for your IELTS speaking section.
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์ด์ œ IELTS ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์„น์…˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ 30๊ฐœ์˜ ์ „์ฒด ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:37
Of course, on the IELTS, they'reย  going to ask you, where do you live?
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๋ฌผ๋ก , IELTS์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์— ์‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌป๊ฒ ์ฃ .
23:42
You can say I was born and raised in Winnipeg.
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์ €๋Š” ์œ„๋‹ˆํŽ™์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์ž๋ž๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
23:48
That's where I was born and raised.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์ž๋ž€ ๊ณณ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์ด์—์š”.
23:49
Did you know that I was born andย  raised to be born and raised in?
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์ž๋ž€ ๊ณณ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
23:57
Now here your verb is to be.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” to be ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:59
So of course you need to conjugate it in theย  past simple because it's a completed past action.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋™์ž‘์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:06
I was born and raised in and then youย  can state your city or your country.
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์ €๋Š” ์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์ž๋ž์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋‚˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:13
Now don't worry about taking notes becauseย  I summarize everything in a free lesson PDF.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์—… PDF์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋†“์•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
24:18
You can look in the description for the link.
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๋งํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:21
You can add on to this to make it sound moreย  complex to make you sound more advanced.
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์ข€ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ข€ ๋” ์ง„๋ณด๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆด ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:27
I was born and raised in Winnipeg but now?
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์ €๋Š” ์œ„๋‹ˆํŽ™์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์ž๋ž์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€?
24:31
But now I live in Ottawa.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์˜คํƒ€์™€์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๋”
24:35
Go even further and say I'veย  lived here for over 10 years now.
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๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 10๋…„ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
24:41
Notice I used the present perfect.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
24:44
You can also use the present perfect continuousย  only for the verbs live, work and study.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ live, work, study ๋™์‚ฌ์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:52
And this is for an action that startedย  in the past and continues until now.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:57
So in the present perfect continuous,ย  I've been living here for over 10 years.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” 10๋…„ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:04
You can use 4 plus the specific number of years.
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4์— ํŠน์ • ์—ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•œ ๊ฐ’์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:08
You can even say four years, severalย  years, many years, a number of years.
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4๋…„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ช‡ ๋…„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:15
All of those are possibilities.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:17
Now let's move on to tell me about your work.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:21
You can say I'm an engineer.
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์ €๋Š” ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
25:24
I know this is a very simple sentence,ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ธ ์ค„ ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ,
25:26
but most students get it wrongย  because they forget the article.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ด€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์žŠ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ‹€๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:31
You must use an article before your job title.
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์งํ•จ ์•ž์—๋Š” ๊ด€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์จ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:35
Most likely you're going to use AH or an,ย  but it is possible to use the article.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ AH ๋˜๋Š” an์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ด€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์ง
25:41
The This is when there is only one position inย  the organization and you have that one position.
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๋‚ด์— ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ง์œ„๋งŒ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์ง์œ„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ๋งก๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:49
For example, I'm the executive director, soย  there's only one executive director and that's me.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ €๋Š” ์ „๋ฌด์ด์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ „๋ฌด์ด์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ ํ•œ ๋ช…๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:58
Now, if we use the, it's more common to explainย  what the organization is or what the company is.
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์ด์ œ, 'the'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์กฐ์ง์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€, ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:07
But if you include just your job title withย  a or an, you can, but you don't need to.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์งํ•จ๋งŒ a ๋˜๋Š” an์œผ๋กœ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ผญ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:13
But if you use the, make sureย  you state your organization.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์กฐ์ง์„ ๋ช…์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:17
Now add to this and add a generalย  statement about your specific job.
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ํŠน์ • ์ง๋ฌด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
26:25
Being an engineer is rewarding.
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์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋กœ์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณด๋žŒ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:28
Notice here being starts the sentenceย  because it's a gerund statement.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ be๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„์‚ฌํ˜• ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:34
Gerund statements will absolutelyย  make you sound more advanced.
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๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ง„๋ณด๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:40
You could say I love using my analyticalย  skills to solve complex problems.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:48
Love is a verb, a preference.
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์‚ฌ๋ž‘์€ ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:50
So you need the verb a preferenceย  plus a gerund Love using.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ '์„ ํ˜ธ๋„' ์™€ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ '์‚ฌ๋ž‘์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”'์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:55
You could say I enjoy collaborating with my team.
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์ €๋Š” ํŒ€๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๊ธด๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:00
Enjoy is a verb, a preference.
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์ฆ๊ธด๋‹ค(์ฆ๊ธด๋‹ค)๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:02
So you need the gerund.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
27:04
I enjoy collaborating withย  my team and brainstormingย ย 
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์ €๋Š” ํŒ€๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ 
27:10
unique solutions to complex problems.
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์„ ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ธ์Šคํ† ๋ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:15
So sure, you could say brainstorming solutions toย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ธ์Šคํ† ๋ฐ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
27:18
problems, but adding adjectivesย  makes you sound more advanced.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋” ์ง„๋ณด๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:23
You just mentioned somethingย  positive about your work.
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
27:27
Why not make a contrastingย  statement and start with?
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๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์ธ ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ํ•ด์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
27:31
However, this is a transition wordย  that we use to make a contrast,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑด ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ „ํ™˜์–ด์ด๊ณ ,
27:36
and using transition words willย  make you sound so advanced.
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์ „ํ™˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ง„๋ณด๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆด ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
27:41
However, being an engineerย  also has its challenges.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋กœ์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€๋„ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:46
So before we had positivesย  about being an engineer,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
27:50
however, and now a negative aboutย  being an engineer, a contrast.
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, ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:55
So now you can share one of those challenges,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:59
specifically another transitionย  word to make you sound advanced.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ค„ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „ํ™˜์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:04
Specifically, I work around theย  clock to meet tight deadlines.
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ํŠนํžˆ, ์ €๋Š” ์ด‰๋ฐ•ํ•œ ๋งˆ๊ฐ์ผ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐค๋‚ฎ์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:10
To work around the clock is an expression.
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24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ด์—์š”.
28:14
And using expressions really shows you understandย  the language more at an advanced native level.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:22
And of course, to work around the clock,ย  you can just imagine you work continuously.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:27
You work non-stop.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์‰ฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:29
Now let's talk about hobbies.
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์ด์ œ ์ทจ๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ . ์ทจ๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š”
28:32
You can begin with a gerund statementย  that expresses your opinion on hobbies.
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๋ถ„์‚ฌํ˜• ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
28:39
In my opinion, having hobbies isย  integral to living a fulfilling life.
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์ €๋Š” ์ทจ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:46
So our gerund statement isย  having hobbies is integral to.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฌธ์€ ์ทจ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:52
But then I just added on toย  that by expressing my opinion.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ ๋ง์„ ๋ง๋ถ™์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:56
So let's review some opinion words.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜๊ฒฌ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:59
Of course, in my opinion, in my view, from myย  perspective, notice here from from my perspective,ย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, ์ œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
29:08
personally, I think that have atย  least four different opinion words.
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ ์–ด๋„ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๊ฒฌ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. IELTS ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ
29:14
You can use these four in yourย  vocabulary when you go for your IELTS.
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์ด ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ดํœ˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
29:19
Now let's get back to hobbies.
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์ด์ œ ์ทจ๋ฏธ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:21
You made your general statement, your gerundย  statement, beginning with an opinion word.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ง„์ˆ , ์ฆ‰ ๋ถ„์‚ฌํ˜• ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:27
Now you can state your specific hobby.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ทจ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:30
I'm an avid hiker, or maybe I'mย  an avid cyclist, guitar player,ย ย 
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์ €๋Š” ์—ด๋ ฌํ•œ ํ•˜์ดํ‚น๊ด‘์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์—ด๋ ฌํ•œ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ํƒ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
29:38
tennis player, whatever your hobby is.
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ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์„ ์ˆ˜์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ทจ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๊ฐ„์—์š”.
29:41
So here the structure is to be anย  avid and then you need a noun andย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ' ์—ด๋ ฌํ•œ' ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:49
this means you have a strong interest,ย  passion or enthusiasm for that activity.
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์ฆ‰, ํ•ด๋‹น ํ™œ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์—ด์ •, ์—ด์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:56
Now you can make a gerund statementย  about why you enjoy this activity.
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์ด์ œ ์™œ ์ด ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ„์‚ฌํ˜• ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:01
Hiking gives me the opportunity to disconnectย  from my devices and enjoy the beauty of nature.
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ํ•˜์ดํ‚น์€ ์ „์ž ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์„ ์ฆ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:10
Now notice that the gerund statementย  started with the verb hiking.
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์ด์ œ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ hiking์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
30:14
You can also start a gerundย  statement with the noun.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
30:17
For example guitar.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ธฐํƒ€.
30:19
Guitar gives me the opportunityย  to, you could say, play guitar.
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๊ธฐํƒ€๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐํƒ€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:25
So you're using the verb formย  or the noun form with guitar.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ธฐํƒ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋‚˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ตฐ์š”.
30:30
Both are correct.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:31
Now, let's say you don't have any hobbies.
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์ด์ œ, ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ทจ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด์ฃ .
30:35
Don't worry, you can still answerย  this question in a very advanced way.
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๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งค์šฐ ์ง„๋ณด๋œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:39
You can say until now myย  focus has been on my career.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์—๋งŒ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:46
However, I'm considering taking up andย  then an activity taking up drawing.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์„๊นŒ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ ์ค‘์ด์—์š” .
30:53
So notice we have our present perfect.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
30:56
My focus has been because the actionย  started in the past and continues until now.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:04
Take up is the phrasal verb we use specificallyย ย 
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Take up์€
31:07
with hobbies and activitiesย  to mean start and notice.
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์ทจ๋ฏธ์™€ ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๊ตฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ, ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:12
Consider plus gerund.
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ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
31:15
I'm considering that's in the present continuous.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:18
I'm considering taking up.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
31:21
Take is in the gerundย  because consider plus gerund.
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Take๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:25
You could also say, however,ย  I'd love to take up drawing.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•„ํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
31:31
The expression here is I wouldย  love and then infinitive.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ I would love์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋™์‚ฌ ์›ํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:36
Perhaps it's simpler to rememberย  and it still sounds advanced,ย ย 
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋” ๊ฐ„๋‹จ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰
31:41
so feel free to use this alternative now.
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์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ์ด ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
31:44
You can still add on a gerundย  statement about drawing,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ถ„์‚ฌํ˜• ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
31:49
but use the future simple becauseย  you're not doing the activity right now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ทธ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
31:54
Drawing will give me theย  opportunity to disconnect.
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๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ์ ˆ์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๋‹จ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ 
31:59
You could say I'm confident that or I'm hopefulย ย 
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ํ™•์‹ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํฌ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
32:03
that drawing will give me theย  opportunity to disconnect.
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.
32:09
You will sound very advanced.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ง„๋ณด๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
32:12
Now let's move on to tell me about your family.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
32:15
You can say I'm from a closeย  knit family, close knit.
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์ €๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์นœ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š” .
32:20
Notice that pronunciation close knit.
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๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
32:23
This is an adjective that describes the family.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:27
Now this is the same as sayingย  my family and I are very close.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:34
My family and I, this is the subject.
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๋‚˜์™€ ๋‚ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:37
We, my family and I are very close.
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์ €์™€ ์ œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:41
You can say everyone in my family gets alongย  because everyone is conjugated as a singular.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค๋“ค ์ž˜ ์ง€๋‚ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
32:50
Everyone gets along really well or usedย  extremely well to sound more advanced.
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์ž˜ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋” ๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ๋งค์šฐ ์ž˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง
32:59
Here's a great expression.
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์ข‹์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด๋„ค์š”.
33:01
Everyone says I take after my mom in looksย  and I take after my dad in personality.
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๋‹ค๋“ค ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๋ชจ๋Š” ์—„๋งˆ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฎ์•˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์€ ์•„๋น ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฎ์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ž–์•„์š”.
33:08
When you take after someone, it meansย  that you resemble them physically.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ฎ์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒ‰๋ชจ์Šต์ด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:14
So if you have a photo of youย  and your mom and people say,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ์—„๋งˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด, '
33:18
oh, I see the similarities, you takeย  after your mom because your mom cameย ย 
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์•„, ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ตฐ. ๋„ˆ๋Š” ์—„๋งˆ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฎ์•˜๊ตฌ๋‚˜. ์—„๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ๋จผ์ € ์™”์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , '
33:24
first and maybe your mom takesย  after your grandmother, etcetera.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์—„๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฎ์•˜๊ตฌ๋‚˜'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:29
But for personality, you can use this as well.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:31
So maybe your dad is veryย  funny and you are very funny.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์•„๋น ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ์žฌ๋ฐŒ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
33:36
So you take after your dad in personality.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ์•„๋น ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฎ์•˜๊ตฐ์š”. IELTS
33:40
A great phrasal verb to use onย  the IELTS to sound very advanced.
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์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ์–ด๊ตฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ, ๋งค์šฐ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:45
Now let's move on to talk.
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์ด์ œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:46
Talking about travel, you can say I'd love, Iย  would love, I'd love the opportunity to see Egypt,ย ย 
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์—ฌํ–‰์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์ €๋Š” ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ,
33:57
to travel, to notice travel toย  Egypt, but see Egypt, visit Egypt.
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์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ , ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:06
So know when certain verbsย  require additional prepositions,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํŠน์ • ๋™์‚ฌ์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‘์„ธ์š”. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
34:10
Travel to a location, visit a location.
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ํŠน์ • ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ โ€‹โ€‹์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋‹ค, ํŠน์ • ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋‹ค.
34:14
If I could travel anywhere, I'd choose Egypt.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์–ด๋””๋“  ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ €๋Š” ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
34:20
This is our second conditional because it'sย  hypothetical and notice we have modal plusย ย 
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๊ฐ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”
34:28
base verb.
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. ์ด๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‚ฌ
34:29
Don't use the infinitive modal plus base verb.
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์›ํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
34:33
Of course you can use a gerund statement.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:36
Visiting Egypt is at the top of my list.
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์ด์ง‘ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ ๋ชฉ๋ก์˜ ๋งจ ์œ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:40
Imagine you have a list of places youย  want to visit and Egypt is at the top.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์žฅ์†Œ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š” . ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋งจ ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
34:46
You can make this more advancedย  by using the present perfect.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:51
Traveling to Egypt has been at the topย  of my list for as long as I can remember,ย ย 
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์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ์—ฌํ–‰์€ ๋‚ด ๊ธฐ์–ต์ƒ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‚ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์˜ ๋งจ ์œ„์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
35:00
an action that started in theย  past and continues until now.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:04
Now, why not use an opinion word?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์™œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
35:08
From my perspective, the pyramids areย  one of our world's greatest treasures.
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์ €๋Š” ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด๋ฌผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:15
So you're sharing an opinion thatย  reinforces why you want to visit Egypt.
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:21
You can go on and say, and I'd revel in, I'd revelย  in the opportunity to see them with my own eyes.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚ด ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๊ธฐ์  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:31
The expression is to revel in the opportunityย  and then you're infinitive to see them.
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ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋ฝํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:39
This is a very advanced way of saying Iย  would thoroughly enjoy seeing the pyramids.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ง„๋ณด๋œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
35:47
Now, as a bonus, let me share some phrases thatย  you can use when you want to clarify your answer.
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์ด์ œ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค๋กœ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:53
So you're answering and you realize thatย  the words aren't coming out very well.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด ์ž˜ ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:59
You can say what I'm trying to say is,ย  and then you can change your thought.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ๋งํ•œ ํ›„์— ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:07
You can express your thought a different way.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:10
What I mean is what I'm getting atย  is what I'm trying to get at is toย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋‹ฌ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ
36:20
put it another way, in other words,ย  and then you communicate your idea.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:26
I suggestย ย 
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36:28
memorizing four of these because they will beย  very helpful when you're taking your IELTS.
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IELTS ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด ์ค‘ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์•”๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:35
Think of everything you learned.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
36:37
Now let's focus on grammar.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:39
You'll learn everything you need toย  know about the verbs do, be, and have.
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๋™์‚ฌ do, be, have์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:46
You must master these verbs, so payย  close attention to this section first.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ตํ˜€์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋จผ์ € ์ด ์„น์…˜์„ ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
36:52
In this master class, let's review the verb to be.
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์ด ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค์—์„œ๋Š” be๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:56
The verb to be can of course, beย  used as the main verb in a sentence.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , be ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:01
Now don't worry about taking notes because Iย  summarize everything in our free lesson PDF.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์—… PDF์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋†“์•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
37:07
And at the end of thisย  lesson, I'm going to quiz you.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:10
So make sure you watch until the end.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:13
The verb to be is the main verb as the main verb.
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๋™์‚ฌ to be๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๋‹ค.
37:17
Let's review it in the present.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:19
Simple.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ.
37:20
Now it has irregular conjugations.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํ•œ ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:23
I know you're thinking, Jennifer, I know this,ย ย 
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์ œ๋‹ˆํผ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋„ ์•Œ์•„.
37:26
but I correct these mistakesย  with my most advanced students.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ง„๋ณด๋œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋กœ์žก์•„ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋“ .
37:29
So pay attention.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
37:31
The conjugations are I am, you, we,ย  they are ** *** it is I am happy.
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ํ™œ์šฉํ˜•์€ I am, you, we, they are ** *** it is I am happy ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:42
So we use the verb to be for States and emotions.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ๋•Œ be๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:46
What about you I am Right now I am.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:51
Fill in the adjective, hopefullyย  it's a +1 and put it in the comments.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ํฌ๋ง์ ์œผ๋กœ +1์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ฉฐ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
37:56
I am what?
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ญ์˜ˆ์š”?
37:59
Put it in the comments.
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๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
38:00
Practice that verb to be.
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๋™์‚ฌ to be๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
38:02
You are my friend.
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๋„ˆ๋Š” ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ์•ผ.
38:04
He is a happy person.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‹ค.
38:06
She is a doctor.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:09
It is raining.
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๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:10
We are students.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:12
They are tired.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•˜๋‹ค.
38:14
Native speakers use the verbย  to be in the contracted form.
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๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด ํ™”์ž๋Š” be ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:18
You should use it too, to sound moreย  natural, especially in spoken English.
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๋”์šฑ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋ฉด , ํŠนํžˆ ๋ง๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:24
I'm happy you're my friend.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ์—ฌ์„œ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ด์š”.
38:27
He's a doctor, she's a doctor.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋…€๋„ ์˜์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:30
It's raining where studentsย  notice that pronunciationย ย 
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด
38:34
where where students they're tiredย  as the main verb in the past simple.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ 'ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•˜๋‹ค'๋Š” ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:40
It also has irregular conjugations.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™์ ์ธ ํ™œ์šฉ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:44
The subjects I, ** ***.
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๊ทธ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ๋‚˜, ** ***.
38:46
It use was you.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:49
We they use were.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:51
I was there yesterday.
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์ €๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:53
He was a great leader.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€๋„์ž์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:55
She was at the party.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
38:57
It was a beautiful day.
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋‚ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:00
You were late.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋Šฆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:01
We were happy.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณตํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
39:03
They were in the garden.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •์›์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:05
Let's look at the future.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ž.
39:06
Simple.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ.
39:07
The structure is subject will be.
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:12
Now in this case, will is theย  auxiliary verb and B is the main verb.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ will์€ ๋ณด์กฐ ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  B๋Š” ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:18
But the conjugations don't change.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:21
So this is a very easy verb tense.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ˆ์š”.
39:24
I will be there tomorrow.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
39:26
You will be surprised.
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๋†€๋ผ์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
39:29
He will be ready on time.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
39:31
She will be at work.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
39:33
It will be sunny.
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๋‚ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ๋ง‘์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
39:35
We will be waiting.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
39:36
They will be happy.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
39:38
Now let's look at the verb to be as theย  auxiliary verb in the present continuous.
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ๋ณด์กฐ ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ to be ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:44
I'm reading a book, he's watching TV.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ‹ฐ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
39:47
They're being helpful.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
39:49
The structure here is subject.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:51
And then you need the verb to be in the present.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์‹œ์ œ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:54
Simple.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ.
39:55
So you have those three optionsย  depending on the subject.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ต์…˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ  .
39:58
And is an R.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” R์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:01
And then you need your verb in ING,ย  which is the present participle.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ING์—์„œ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋™์‚ฌ์›ํ˜•์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
40:06
Let's review all the conjugation optionsย  for the verb to be in the infinitive.
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๋ชจ๋“  ํ™œ์šฉ ์˜ต์…˜์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
40:12
Of course, to be the base verbย  be, you get rid of two present.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , be ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ ค๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์—†์• ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:18
Simple AM is R.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ AM์€ R์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:21
Past simple was were presentย  participle being past participleย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์€ were ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
40:28
bin and noticed that pronunciationย  in American English, it's bin been.
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bin์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜๊ณ , ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ์€ bin been์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:34
Let's review that last example.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:37
They're being helpful.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
40:39
This is the present continuous.
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์ด๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:40
So we have our verb to be in theย  present simple as the auxiliaryย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์˜ be ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์–ด
40:45
verb conjugated with the subject They are.
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They are์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:49
And then we have the present participle.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:52
So we have our verb be inย  the ING form, which is being.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” be ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ING ํ˜•ํƒœ, ์ฆ‰ being ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:56
They're being helpful.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
40:58
The verb to be is the auxiliary verb.
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๋™์‚ฌ to be๋Š” ๋ณด์กฐ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:01
In the past continuous.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•.
41:03
He was watching TV.
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๊ทธ๋Š” TV๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
41:06
They were studying for the exam.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹œํ—˜๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:09
The structure here is subject wasย  were conjugated with the subjectย ย 
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์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด was were๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด
41:15
plus the present participle, your verb and ING.
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์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ, ๋™์‚ฌ, ING๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:19
Let's review the future continuous.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:22
She will be sleeping at that time.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋•Œ ์ž ์„ ์ž๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
41:25
They will be working on the project.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
41:29
This one's easy because you alreadyย  know how to conjugate the future simple.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:33
So you take that subject will be and then youย  add on the present participle, your verb in ING.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ will be๊ฐ€ ๋  ํ…๋ฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•˜๋ฉด ING ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:41
Let's review the verb been, which is the pastย  participle and remember that pronunciation.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ธ ๋™์‚ฌ been์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด ๋‘์„ธ์š”.
41:48
Repeat after me been been.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ง์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
41:51
This is used in the present perfectย  tense when B is the main verb.
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B๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ผ ๋•Œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:58
For example, he has been to Paris.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:01
They have been friends for years.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ง€๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:04
The structure here is subject haveย  or has conjugated with the subjectย ย 
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์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด have ๋˜๋Š” has๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ ,
42:10
and then the past participleย  with the verb to be is been.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์™€ be ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์“ฐ์ด๋ฉด been์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:15
The past perfect tense also uses beenย  when the verb to be is the main verb.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์€ be ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ผ ๋•Œ๋„ been์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:21
She had been in line for hours.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ค„์„ ์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:24
So here the structure is subjectย  had and then your past participle.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ had์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:30
So for the verb to be that's been.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'be been'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:32
The verb to be is also used in the passive voice.
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๋™์‚ฌ to be๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋กœ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:36
Now for the passive voice, this is when theย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋Š”
42:39
focus is on the recipient ratherย  than the subject of the action.
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ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:47
She ate the cake.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:49
Is this the passive or the active?
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์ด๊ฑด ์ˆ˜๋™์ ์ธ๊ฐ€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋Šฅ๋™์ ์ธ๊ฐ€?
42:54
This is the active because the subjectย  she is doing the action, she ate the cake.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ์ด๋ฉฐ, '๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:01
Now I want you to change thisย  to the present passive voice.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
43:06
Can you do that?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
43:08
How would you start?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
43:10
She ate the cake.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:12
So we take the object, the cake.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:16
We use the verb to be is eaten, the cakeย  is eaten, and then you can include by whom?
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๋™์‚ฌ to be๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ eated๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋ฅผ eatedํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ, by whom?์„ ๋ง๋ถ™์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:26
By her, but that's optional.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์„ ํƒ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด์—์š”.
43:29
So you already know your conjugationsย  for the verb to be in the present.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์ผ ๋•Œ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
43:34
Simple.
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43:34
So of course you need to changeย  them based on the subject.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:39
She ate the cake.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:41
What's that?
574
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43:41
In the past passive, the cake was eaten becauseย  the cake is conjugated as it it was eaten by her.
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๋ญ์˜ˆ์š”?
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ€์ดํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ€์ดํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จนํ˜”๋‹ค.
43:56
How about the present perfect passive voice?
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋Š” ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
43:58
Can you get this one?
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์ด๊ฑฐ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
44:02
The cake?
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์ผ€์ดํฌ?
44:03
The cake has been eaten.
579
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์ผ€์ดํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จนํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:06
And the past?
580
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋Š”?
44:07
Perfect, the cake.
581
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•ด์š”, ์ผ€์ดํฌ.
44:11
The cake had been eaten.
582
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์ผ€์ดํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จนํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:13
And how about the future?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ?
44:15
The future passive, the cake.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ, ์ผ€์ดํฌ.
44:19
The cake will be eaten by her.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ๋จน์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
44:22
You should know how to use the presentย  passive and the past passive becauseย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋Š”
44:27
they are the most common, so focus on those two.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
44:31
The verb to be is also used in the subjunctive,ย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ to be๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ,
44:35
and native speakers use this specificallyย  in hypothetical unreal situations.
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์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:41
What do you think about this sentence?
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
44:43
If I were you, I'd apologize.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:46
What do you think?
592
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44:46
Does it sound strange?
593
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
44:48
Unusual.
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ํŠน์ดํ•œ.
44:49
I were, isn't it?
595
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๊ทธ๋žฌ์ฃ ?
44:52
I was.
596
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค.
44:53
I was busy yesterday.
597
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์–ด์ œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋นด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:57
In the subjunctive, it always uses were if Iย  were you, if she were you, all subjects use were.
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๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์—์„œ๋Š” if I were you, if she were you๋ผ๋ฉด ํ•ญ์ƒ were๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  , ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” were๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:09
But native speakers don't always follow this rule,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ,
45:13
and it's very common to hear a native speakerย  say if I was you, If I was you, I'd quit.
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์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด " ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘์—ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ”ํžˆ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:20
So don't be surprised.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋†€๋ผ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
45:21
But on a grammar exam, your IELTS,ย  you should definitely say if I wereย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ—˜์ธ IELTS์—์„œ๋Š” if I was you๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ผญ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:27
you because that is the correct grammatical rule.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ทœ์น™์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:30
Now you know all theย  conjugations you need to know.
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์ด์ œ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:34
But remember, the verb to be is alsoย  used in many expressions and idioms.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ๋™์‚ฌ to be๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„๊ณผ ๊ด€์šฉ์–ด์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:40
So I'm going to teach you some common ones.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:43
But we're going to do thisย  as a quiz at the same time,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋กœ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:48
to be on cloud 9, this means toย  be extremely happy or elated.
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๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ข‹์•„์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:54
She on cloud 9 when she passed her IELTS.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” IELTS ์‹œํ—˜์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธฐ๋ปค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:01
Now how can you completeย  this sentence in the past?
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์™„์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
46:05
Simple, she on cloud 9.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์•„์š”.
46:09
Put it in the comments.
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๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
46:11
She was on cloud 9.
613
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๊ธฐ๋ป์š”.
46:14
Did you get it to be in hot water?
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์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์•…ํ™”๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
46:17
This means that you're in trouble.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ณค๊ฒฝ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:20
They have in hot water lately.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ํœ˜๋ง๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:25
Complete the sentence with the present.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
46:28
Perfect.
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ.
46:29
Do you know what this is?
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ญ”์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
46:30
They have put it in the comments.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋‚จ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:33
They have been in hot water lately.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ํœ˜๋ง๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:36
Did you get that correct pronunciation?
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๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‚˜๋„
46:38
Been to be in the same boat.
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๊ฐ™์€ ์ฒ˜์ง€์˜€์–ด.
46:41
This is in the same situationย  or circumstance as someone else.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‚˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:46
We in the same boat.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
46:49
Easy, right present, simple.
626
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์‰ฝ๊ณ , ํ˜„์žฌ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ด์š”.
46:51
What's the answer?
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๋‹ต์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
46:52
Put it in the comments, we are in the same boat.
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๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฒ˜์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:57
This is easy for you to be on the ball.
629
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ฃผ๋„๊ถŒ์„ ์žก๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‰ฌ์›Œ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:01
This means to be alert, competent, well prepared.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์œ ๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ž˜ ์ค€๋น„๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:05
If he had on the ball, heย  wouldn't have lost the client.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณ ๊ฐ์„ ์žƒ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:11
Oh, third conditional.
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์˜ค, ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์ด๋„ค์š”.
47:14
How can you complete the sentence?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
47:16
Put it in the comments if he had beenย  on the ball to be under the weather,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋‚˜๋นด๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฝ”๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์— ์ ์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋‚˜์˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
47:25
this means to be sick or unwell.
635
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์•„ํ”„๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:28
Thankfully I, under the weather lastย  week, complete the sentence with the pass.
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ ์ €๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ๋ชธ์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉ์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:36
Simple negative, passable negative.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •, ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ๋ถ€์ •.
47:40
Thankfully I put in the comments.
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒผ๋„ค์š”.
47:44
Thankfully I wasn't under the weather last week.
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋‚˜์˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
47:49
Notice I used that contraction wasย  not wasn't to be out of the woods.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์€ ' ์œ„ํ—˜์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
47:55
This is when you have successfullyย  overcome a difficult situation.
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์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทน๋ณตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
48:02
We out of the woods yet Doctor, completeย  this with a question in the present.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง ์œ„ํ—˜์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋‹˜. ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
48:09
Simple we out of the woods yet?
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ฃ ? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง ์œ„ํ—˜์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
48:13
What's the answer are are we out of the woods yet?
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๋‹ต์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง ์œ„๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
48:18
Easy, right?
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์‰ฝ์ฃ ?
48:19
To be a piece of cake.
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์ผ€์ดํฌ ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฐ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒํผ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
48:21
This means to be very easy.
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์ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:23
MMM, this lesson a piece of cake.
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์Œ, ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ์ด์—์š”.
48:27
This is a question in the past.
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
48:29
Simple MMM this lesson a piece of cake.
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์€ MMM์œผ๋กœ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:34
Was this lesson a piece of cake?
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
48:36
Now to answer, you can sayย  yes it was or no it wasn't.
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์ด์ œ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ' ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:41
So what do you think?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
48:42
Put your answer in the comments.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
48:43
Yes, it was.
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๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:45
No, it wasn't our last question.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:47
How are you doing so far to be in good company?
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ข‹์€ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
48:52
This is when you're surroundedย  by people you admire.
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์ด๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์กด๊ฒฝํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์—ฌ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:55
So in this community, we're in good company.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:59
Now your test question.
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์ด์ œ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:02
In good company is a great way to cheer up.
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์ข‹์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ๋ถ๋‹์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:07
You need to complete this with a gerund statement.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋ถ„์‚ฌํ˜• ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์™„์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:11
In good company is a great way to cheer up.
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์ข‹์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ๋ถ๋‹์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:14
What's the answer as the gerund?
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๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋‹ต์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
49:18
It's the verb ING being.
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๋™์‚ฌ ING๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
49:21
Being in good company is a great way to cheer up.
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์ข‹์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:25
So how did you do with that quiz?
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๊ทธ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋• ์–ด์š”?
49:26
Share your score in the comments.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์ •๋ง
49:29
Amazing job.
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49:29
Now let's keep going and review the verb to do.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์ผ์ด์—์š”.
์ด์ œ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ to do๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:33
First, let's review the conjugations.
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๋จผ์ €, ํ™œ์šฉํ˜•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:36
Don't worry about taking notes because Iย  summarize everything in a free lesson PDF.
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๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์—… PDF์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋†“์•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
49:41
You can find the link in the description and payย ย 
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์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
49:44
close attention because I'm going toย  quiz you throughout this whole lesson.
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์ˆ˜์—… ๋‚ด๋‚ด ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€ ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์œผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:49
So the conjugations are irregular.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:52
The infinitive is to do.
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๋™์‚ฌ ์›ํ˜•์€ 'do'์ด๋‹ค.
49:54
The base verb do.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ do.
49:56
The present simple is do or doesย  conjugated with the subject.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์€ do์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:01
The past simple is did, the present participleย  doing, and the past participle done.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์€ did์ด๊ณ , ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” doing์ด๊ณ , ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” done์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:09
First, let's review theย  verb to do as the main verb.
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๋จผ์ €, ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ 'to do'๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:13
It's the main verb in the present simple, which isย  used for routine actions, activities, and tasks.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ, ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™, ํ™œ๋™, ์ž‘์—…์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:21
As a bonus tip, you can use an adverb ofย  frequency because this is the present simple.
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๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ํŒ์œผ๋กœ, ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋นˆ๋„ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:27
For example, I do the dishes every day.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•ด์š”.
50:31
Every day is the adverb of frequency.
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๋งค์ผ์€ ๋นˆ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:34
In English, the verb do is usedย  with many common activities,ย ย 
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์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ do๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋งŽ์€ ํ™œ๋™์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ,
50:39
but there are also other activitiesย  that commonly use the verbs go or make.
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๋™์‚ฌ go ๋˜๋Š” make๋ฅผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™œ๋™๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:46
Some common activities that you do are the dishes,ย ย 
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€,
50:50
chores, homework, laundry,ย  taxes, your makeup, hair,ย ย 
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์ง‘์•ˆ์ผ, ์ˆ™์ œ, ์„ธํƒ, ์„ธ๊ธˆ, ํ™”์žฅ, ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์š”๋ฆฌ, ์‡ผํ•‘
50:57
you do cooking, you do shopping, do yoga, Pilates,ย  exercises, stretches, and you can do puzzles.
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, ์š”๊ฐ€, ํ•„๋ผํ…Œ์Šค, ์šด๋™, ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์นญ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํผ์ฆ๋„ ํ’€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:06
Those are some common activities that you do.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ”ํžˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:08
So why don't you try?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
51:09
I do every day, choose one activityย  and put it in the comments.
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์ €๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์„œ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์š”.
51:15
I do every day.
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์ €๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”.
51:17
Put it in the comments.
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๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
51:19
You often do yoga.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ข…์ข… ์š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
51:21
So here the adverb of frequency is often.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋นˆ๋„ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:24
He or she sometimes does puzzles.
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๊ทธ๋Š”/๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋” ํผ์ฆ์„ ํ’‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:29
They rarely do exercises.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šด๋™์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
51:31
We never do chores now neverย  means 0 times per week.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ง‘์•ˆ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '0๋ฒˆ'์€ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— 0๋ฒˆ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:37
So you could also say we do not do chores.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง‘์•ˆ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
51:42
That's the negative and to form that contraction.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ •์ด๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
51:45
We don't do chores and that willย  help you sound more natural.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง‘์•ˆ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:50
We don't do chores.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง‘์•ˆ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
51:52
Wouldn't that be nice to say we don't do chores.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์•ˆ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ธ๊ฐ€.
51:55
So notice all subjects use doย  except ** *** it uses does.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ do๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋‹จ, ** ***๋Š” does๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:03
Now let's review the present continuous.
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:05
This is for actions taking placeย  now and planned future actions.
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์ด๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์ž‘์—… ๊ณผ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ž‘์—…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:11
So here are all those examples in the present.
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:15
Simple.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ.
52:16
Let's change them to the present continuous.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ณด์ฃ .
52:19
I do the dishes every day.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•ด์š”.
52:21
In the present continuous, I'mย  doing the dishes right now.
712
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ, ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
52:27
You can add that keyword toย  say is taking place right now.
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ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
52:31
You often do yoga.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ข…์ข… ์š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”? ์ด
52:33
What would this be in the present continuous?
715
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
52:36
Maybe you're doing yoga nextย  week, A planned future action.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ์š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  , ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:42
She sometimes does puzzles.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋” ํผ์ฆ์„ ํ‘ผ๋‹ค.
52:45
In the present continuous, heย  is currently doing a puzzle.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํผ์ฆ์„ ํ’€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:52
Currently is another keyword.
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:54
For the present continuous,ย  they rarely do exercises.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:59
In the present continuous,ย  they're not doing exercises.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:03
Now the negative here they're not.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:07
So notice for the negative you just add notย  we never do chores in the present continuous.
723
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์—์„œ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์ง‘์•ˆ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค'๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์–ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
53:15
We aren't doing chores tomorrow.
724
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ์ง‘์•ˆ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
53:18
Planned future action in the negative.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ–‰๋™์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ด๋‹ค.
53:21
In this case, the negative is in a contraction.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์ด ์ˆ˜์ถ•๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:24
Let's look at the past simple.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:26
For past actions, theย  structure is subject plus did.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ did์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:31
It's did for all verbs in the negative.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€์ • ๋™์‚ฌ์— ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:33
It's did not do and then as aย  contraction didn't do, didn't do.
730
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์•ˆ ๋๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋์–ด, ์•ˆ ๋์–ด.
53:40
So here are the present continuous examples.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:44
Let's turn them into the past simple.
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์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ณด์ฃ .
53:47
Instead of I'm doing the dishes rightย  now, I did the dishes yesterday.
733
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  , ์–ด์ œ ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
53:54
Instead of your doing yoga nextย  week, you did yoga last week.
734
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ์š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  , ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ์š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:01
He's currently doing a puzzle in the past simple.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜• ํผ์ฆ์„ ํ’€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:06
She did a puzzle recently.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ํผ์ฆ์„ ํ’€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:10
They're not doing exercises now.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:13
In the past simple, theyย  didn't do exercises today.
738
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:17
Today you can use as a past simpleย  reference if today is finished.
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜์ด ๋๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
54:23
So maybe I say this at 9:00 PM.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์•„๋งˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ง์„ ์˜คํ›„ 9์‹œ์— ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
54:27
They didn't do exercises today andย  notice that contraction didn't do.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ถ•์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฑ˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:34
They didn't do.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:36
We aren't doing chores tomorrow in the past.
743
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ง‘์•ˆ์ผ์„ ๋‚ด์ผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:39
Simple.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ.
54:41
We didn't do chores this morning andย  again this morning is in the past.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ ์ง‘์•ˆ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ๋„ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:47
If right now it's 5:00 PM, let'sย  look at the present perfect,ย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ์ด ์˜คํ›„ 5์‹œ๋ผ๋ฉด,
54:53
which can be used for a completed passย  action that has a present consequence.
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์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ํŒจ์Šค ๋™์ž‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:58
The structure is subject plus have or has.
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ have ๋˜๋Š” has๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:01
So the verb have is the auxiliary verbย  plus, not if you're making it negative.
749
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ have๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋ณด์กฐ ๋™์‚ฌ plus๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:08
And then you need your past participle.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:10
So if the verb to be is theย  main verb, it would be done.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ to be๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๋ฉด done์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:14
So here are the past simple examples.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:17
Let's change them to the present perfect.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ณด์ฃ .
55:20
I know you can do this.
754
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด๊ฑธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•„์š”.
55:21
I did the dishes yesterdayย  becomes I have done the dishes.
755
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์–ด์ œ ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:28
And now you need a keyword for theย  present perfect we can use already.
756
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:33
You did yoga last week becomes you've done.
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์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ์š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด์ œ ๋๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
55:39
You have you've done yoga recently.
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
55:44
He did a puzzle recently becomes he has done.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ํผ์ฆ์„ ํ’€์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋งŒ ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:51
He's done a puzzle recently.
760
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ํผ์ฆ์„ ํ’€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:54
You can keep the keyword recentlyย ย 
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ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋Š” '์ตœ๊ทผ์—
55:56
they didn't do exercises today they haven'tย  done so the negative have not contraction.
762
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์šด๋™์„ ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค' '์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šด๋™์„ ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€์ •์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:04
They haven't done exercises today yet.
763
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ง ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์˜
56:08
You can add yet as a keywordย  for the present perfect.
764
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ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋กœ 'yet'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
56:13
We didn't do chores this morningย  becomes we haven't done choresย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ์ง‘์•ˆ์ผ์„ ์•ˆ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด '์•„์ง ์ง‘์•ˆ์ผ์„ ์•ˆ ํ–ˆ์–ด'๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ณ ,
56:19
and you can leave it there or you could say yet.
766
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ๋กœ ๋๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  '์•„์ง ์•ˆ ํ–ˆ์–ด'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
56:23
Now let's review when the verb toย  do is used as the auxiliary verb.
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์ด์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ to do๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์กฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:28
This is done to form yes, no questions,ย  which of course you're very familiar with.
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์ด๋Š” ์˜ˆ, ์•„๋‹ˆ์š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:33
Do you like this video?
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
56:35
Do you do you like this video?
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
56:39
So to answer in the shortย  form, you can say yes I do.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์ž๋ฉด , '๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:44
So make sure you like this video.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ๊ผญ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
56:47
Yes I do.
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๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:49
Yes, I like this video would be the full answer.
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๋„ค, ์ด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์ „์ฒด ๋‹ต๋ณ€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:53
But of course you could say no, no I do not.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ๋ก , ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
56:58
But you can form a contraction.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:00
No, I don't like this video.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ์ด ์˜์ƒ์€ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:04
Remember with the subjects ** *** it you need toย  change do to does this is for questions as well.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ** ***์ผ ๋•Œ๋Š” do๋ฅผ does๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ์ด๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:12
Does he does she watch J force English videos?
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๊ทธ๋Š” Jํฌ์Šค ์˜์–ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋Š”๊ฐ€?
57:18
What's the short answer?
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ต์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
57:20
Yes, she does.
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๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:22
So in the short answer you remember you stillย  have to conjugate your verb with the subject.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์งง์€ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์œผ๋กœ, ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
57:28
She does, he does.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:31
The full answer is yes, she watches.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '์˜ˆ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง€์ผœ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:35
He watches J4's English videos.
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๊ทธ๋Š” J4์˜ ์˜์–ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•œ๋‹ค.
57:38
And in the negative, no he doesn't.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:42
Does not.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:43
She doesn't watch J4's Englishย  videos in the past simple.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” J4์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• ์˜์–ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
57:50
I could ask you, did you watchย  my video on the verb to be?
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๋™์‚ฌ to be์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
57:55
So did you in the short form positive?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์งง์€ ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
57:58
You can say yes I did.
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๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
58:02
And remember it's did for all subjects.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
58:05
The full answer is yes, I watched your video.
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์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์€ '์˜ˆ, ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:11
S you put your verb in the past.
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S์—์„œ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:13
Simple in the negative.
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๋‹ค.
58:15
No, I did not.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
58:18
No, I didn't watch your video.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
58:21
Now here's something thatย  native speakers love doing.
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์ด์ œ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:25
We love using the emphatic formย  to answer or ask questions.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
58:31
I could say make sure you subscribeย  to my channel for more great lessons.
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๋” ์ข‹์€ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ œ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
58:37
Now to answer this statement or respondย  to this statement in the past simple,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์ง„์ˆ ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์ง„์ˆ ์— ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด '
58:42
you could say I subscribe, Jennifer, I subscribed.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ, ์ €๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:46
To make this an emphatic statement, youย  add the auxiliary verb do conjugated withย ย 
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์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ง„์ˆ ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณด์กฐ ๋™์‚ฌ do๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:52
the time reference, in this case, theย  past simple Jennifer, I did subscribe.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜• Jennifer, I did subscribe์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:58
So the structure is subjectย  plus did plus base verb.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ did ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋™์‚ฌ ์›ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:04
I did subscribe and thisย  simply emphasizes the action.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋…ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:10
Maybe you say to your friend, let's go toย  the movies because she doesn't like hiking.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ "์˜ํ™” ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ž"๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•˜์ดํ‚น์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด
59:16
You could reply and say she likes hiking.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•˜์ดํ‚น์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:19
That's the present simple.
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์ด๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:21
Or you could say she does like hiking,ย ย 
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•˜์ดํ‚น์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
59:24
which is the in static present simpleย  which native speakers like using.
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์ด๋Š” ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ ์ธ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜• ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
59:30
So the structure is subjectย  plus do or does dependingย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ do ๋˜๋Š” does์ด๊ณ ,
59:34
on the subject you already know **ย  *** it does she does plus base verb.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ** *** it does she does ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋™์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:42
Let's try this with a question I could ask you.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ฑธ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
59:44
Does this lesson make sense to you?
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?
59:47
Now to answer in the present simple,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
59:49
you can say it makes sense, itย  being this lesson, it makes sense.
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๋ง์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:56
Or you can sound more dramatic and say it doesย  make sense, which is the emphatic present simple.
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๋˜๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์—ฌ '์ด์น˜์— ๋งž๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ 
60:05
Only use this structure if you wantย  to emphasize what you're saying.
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์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ๋งŒ ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
60:10
Now let's review how to form tag questions.
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์ด์ œ ํƒœ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:14
You like my videos, don't you?
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์ œ ์˜์ƒ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
60:17
In the short answer you can say.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:19
Yes, I do.
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๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:21
Yes, I like your videos.
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๋„ค, ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์˜์ƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์š”.
60:23
The full answer.
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์ „์ฒด ๋‹ต๋ณ€.
60:24
How about the emphatic answer?
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๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ด์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
60:27
You can say yes, I do like your videos.
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๋„ค, ์ €๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์˜์ƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:31
If you want to respond negatively, you canย  use the adverb actually to show a contrast.
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:39
Actually, I don't like your videos.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ €๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์˜์ƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
60:43
Let's practice with a different subject.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
60:45
She doesn't work today, does she?
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ ?
60:49
So notice negative, positive, andย  then before it was positive, negative.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋ถ€์ •, ๊ธ์ •, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ „์— ๊ธ์ •์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ถ€์ •์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
60:54
She doesn't, does not doesn't she?
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
60:59
Doesn't work today, does she?
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์•ˆ ๋˜์ฃ ?
61:01
In the short form, you would say, no, she doesn't.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:06
The full answer, no, she doesn't work today.
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์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:11
Now let's say you want to respond negativelyย  and you're going to use the emphatic reply.
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์ด์ œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:17
What would that be?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
61:19
And you can use actually to start.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:21
Actually she does work today.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋„ ์ผํ•ด์š”.
61:25
The verb to do is also used to form choiceย  questions when you have different options.
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๋™์‚ฌ to do๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜ต์…˜์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์„ ํƒํ˜• ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:32
For example, do you prefer coffee or tea?
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ปคํ”ผ๋‚˜ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
61:36
But to respond, you just answer.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:39
You don't use the verb doย  unless it's part of the answer.
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๋™์‚ฌ do๋Š” ๋‹ต๋ณ€์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ด์ƒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
61:43
So you would say I prefer tea.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ €๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
61:45
You state your choice.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:47
Remember to conjugate thatย  verb in the present simple.
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ํ•ด๋‹น ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
61:51
Does she want pizza or pasta?
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ”ผ์ž๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋‹ˆ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํŒŒ์Šคํƒ€๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋‹ˆ?
61:55
Again, you would just answer.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด์„œ, ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:57
I'm not sure.
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์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
61:59
I'll ask her and let you know.
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๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
62:02
Now let's review some commonย  expressions with the verb to do,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ 'to do'๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ,
62:07
and I'm going to quiz you at theย  same time to do someone a favor.
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๋™์‹œ์— '๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ํ˜ธ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฒ ํ’€๋‹ค'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋„ ํ’€์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:13
This is to help someone with a task or a request.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์—…์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์„ ๋•๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:17
Can you me a favor and hit like and subscribe.
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๋ถ€ํƒ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”. '์ข‹์•„์š”'์™€ '๊ตฌ๋…'์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
62:23
What's the answer Can youย ย 
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๋‹ต์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
62:26
do me a favor to do business with someone Thisย  is when you engage in commercial activities.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ์—… ํ™œ๋™์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:33
I'd love business with Elon Musk.
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์ €๋Š” ์ผ๋ก  ๋จธ์Šคํฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:39
How do you complete this?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
62:41
I'd love to do you need the infinitive I'd loveย  to do business with Elon Musk to do 1's best.
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์ €๋Š” ์—˜๋ก  ๋จธ์Šคํฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•ด ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:50
This is to give maximum effort.
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์ด๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:53
She best.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ˆ์š”.
62:56
How would you form a sentence andย  let's say it's an emphatic past simple.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊นŒ์š”? ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐ•์กฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
63:03
Hmm, what would you say?
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์Œ, ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
63:05
She did do her best.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:11
Don't be confused by this, she did do herย  best without the emphatic the regular past.
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์ด ์ ์— ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• ์—†์ด ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:17
Simple is she did her best to do a numberย  on this is to cause harm or damage.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•ด ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์น˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์†์ƒ์„ ์ž…ํžˆ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:25
The harsh weather last year,ย  a number on our garden.
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์ž‘๋…„์˜ ํ˜น๋…ํ•œ ๋‚ ์”จ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ •์›์— ํ”ผํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:31
How would you complete this?
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์ด๊ฑธ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
63:33
Well, look at that keyword we have last year.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ž‘๋…„์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
63:37
So I know I need the past.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ €๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•„์š”.
63:39
Simple did a number on our garden.
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์‹ฌํ”Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ •์›์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:43
Easy right?
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์‰ฝ์ฃ ?
63:44
To do The Dirty work.
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๋”๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
63:46
This is to do unpleasant orย  morally questionable work.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ถˆ์พŒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋„๋•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:53
He always gets others.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก๋Š”๋‹ค.
63:56
The Dirty work.
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๋”๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ผ.
63:58
How would you complete this?
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์ด๊ฑธ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
64:00
He gets others to do you need the infinitive to doย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:05
The Dirty work to do justice to thisย  is to represent something accurately.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •๋‹นํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํž˜๋“  ์ผ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:12
This photo justice to theย  breathtaking views we saw.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ์ˆจ ๋ง‰ํž ๋“ฏํ•œ ํ’๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:18
How would you answer this in the negative?
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด?
64:22
This photo doesn't do justice to to make doย  this is to survive with whatever is available.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์‚ด์•„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:33
The bank didn't approve our loan, but we withย  our savings complete this sentence in the past.
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์€ํ–‰์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ์Šน์ธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ €์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:43
Simple, but we made do Here do is usedย  in the expression, but the verb is make.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ do๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” make์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:52
So that's what you conjugate.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ตฐ์š”.
64:54
But we made do with our savings.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ €์ถ•ํ•œ ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ์กฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ
64:58
What's done is done.
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ํ•œ ์ผ์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•. ์ •๋ง
65:00
This is a great expression.
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์ข‹์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด๋„ค์š”.
65:01
This means that you accept thatย  past events cannot be changed.
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์ฆ‰, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:06
Yes, he stole our clients, but we need to move on.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์„ ํ›”์ณค์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„์† ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:13
But this is easy because it's an expression.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑด ํ‘œํ˜„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:16
So you just take the full expression.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ „์ฒด ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„
65:18
You don't need to changeย  anything, but what's done is done.
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๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋ฏธ ํ•œ ์ผ์€ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:23
To do away with this means to eliminateย  why the company away with the dress code.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—†์• ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์žฅ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ํ์ง€ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:33
How would you complete this?
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์ด๊ฑธ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
65:35
Why did the company do away withย  so it's a completed past action.
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์™œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์—†์• ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์„๊นŒ์š”.
65:42
And finally to do the trick.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:45
This means to successfullyย  achieve a desired result.
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์ด๋Š” ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
65:49
Thanks Jennifer, this lesson.
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์ œ๋‹ˆํผ, ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:52
Now I know how to use the verb to do.
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์ด์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ to๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:55
How would you complete this?
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์ด๊ฑธ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
65:57
Thanks Jennifer.
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๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ.
65:59
This lesson did the trick, do the trick.
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:03
So did in the past simple did the trick,ย  and I hope you would agree with that.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” So did๊ฐ€ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๋™์˜ํ•˜์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:09
Now let's review our final verb to have.
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์ด์ œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋™์‚ฌ have๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:13
First, let's review all theย  conjugations of the verb have,ย ย 
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๋จผ์ € ๋™์‚ฌ have์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™œ์šฉํ˜•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์—… ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์ด ํ™œ์šฉํ˜•์„
66:17
because you'll need to know theseย  throughout the entire lesson.
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์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
66:22
And don't worry about taking notes because Iย  summarized everything in a free lesson PDF.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์—… PDF์— ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:27
You can find the link in the description,ย ย 
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๋งํฌ๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ์ฐพ์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰
66:29
and I'm going to quiz you atย  the end, so pay close attention.
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์— ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋„ ๋‚ผ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์ฝ์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
66:34
The conjugations are in the infinitive toย  have the base verb have, the past simple had,ย ย 
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ํ™œ์šฉ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ ์›ํ˜•์— ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ have, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜• had,
66:43
the present participle having,ย  and the past participle had.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ having, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ had๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:48
Now let's review to have as the main verb inย  the present simple have is used for possessionย ย 
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ have๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์œ 
66:56
or ownership.
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๋‚˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:57
I have two adorable cats.
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ณ ์–‘์ด ๋‘ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
67:01
What about you?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด๋•Œ์š”?
67:02
What is something that you have?
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
67:05
I have.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
67:06
Maybe it's a pet, maybe it's a car.
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์• ์™„๋™๋ฌผ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ž๋™์ฐจ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
67:08
Maybe it's an interesting possession.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์†Œ์œ ๋ฌผ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
67:11
Share something in the comments below.
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์•„๋ž˜์˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
67:14
I have.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
67:16
I have put that in the comments withย  the subject you, you have a turtle.
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ถ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
67:21
She or he has.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๋„ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค.
67:24
Notice that irregular conjugation.
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๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ํ™œ์šฉ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
67:27
** *** it, we use has he or she has a Penguin.
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** *** ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํŽญ๊ท„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:33
Why not?
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์™œ ์•ˆ ๋ผ?
67:34
They have a kangaroo.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์บฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:36
We have an iguana.
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์ด๊ตฌ์•„๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
67:39
Just remember, take a note of this.
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์ด ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋กํ•ด ๋‘์„ธ์š”.
67:40
** *** it, it uses, has.
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** *** ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค, ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
67:43
All other subjects use have.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” have๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:46
This is in the present simple.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:48
Let's talk about the present continuous.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
67:52
Now this is for experiences.
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
67:55
What do you think about this sentence?
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
67:58
I'm having 2 cats.
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๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
68:01
So our verb is half, but isย  conjugated in the present continuous.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋™์‚ฌ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:05
Of course, the auxiliary verb is the verb to be.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋ณด์กฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” be ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:08
I am I'm and then your verb inย  ING having I'm having 2 cats.
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๋‚˜๋Š” Im์ด๊ณ , ING์—์„œ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ Im์ด ๊ณ ์–‘์ด 2๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:16
What do you think about this sentence?
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
68:18
This sentence is incorrect because weย  don't use the verb have in the presentย ย 
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ๋™์‚ฌ have๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ‹€๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
68:25
continuous for possession.
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.
68:28
We use it in the present simple inย  the present continuous with have.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ have์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:32
It's about experiences.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:35
So with cats, as you saw before, you would have toย  say I have two cats, even though it's right now.
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๊ณ ์–‘์ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์•ž์„œ ๋ณด์…จ๋“ฏ์ด, ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:44
But.
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68:44
For experiences, you canย  say I'm having a great time.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ.
๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”, ์ •๋ง ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:50
You're having so much fun watching this video.
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ •๋ง ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›Œ์š”.
68:54
I hope that's true.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ์š”.
68:56
She's having trouble understanding this.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:59
They're having a party tonight.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ์—ด ์˜ˆ์ •์ด์—์š”.
69:02
What about this one?
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์ด๊ฑด ์–ด๋•Œ์š”?
69:03
We're having a baby.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
69:06
What does that mean?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ด์—์š”?
69:07
We're having a baby.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
69:09
This means we're expecting a baby.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋œปํ•ด์š”.
69:12
So if this was the man talking,ย  it would be my wife is pregnant.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ' ๋‚ด ์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ž„์‹ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:18
We're having a baby.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
69:19
We're expecting a baby.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
69:21
Now let's review the past.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:23
Simple.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ.
69:24
This is used for both possession inย  the past or experiences in the past.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์†Œ์œ  ๋‚˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:31
I had a dog when I was a kid,ย  ownership possession in the past.
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์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์› ๊ณ , ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:38
We had so much fun at the partyย  and experience in the past.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์—์„œ ์ •๋ง ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๊ณ  , ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:44
She had a baby last week.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:47
This means she gave birth last week.
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์ฆ‰, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ์ถœ์‚ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:51
He had a headache yesterday.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ๋‘ํ†ต์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:55
An experience You experienceย  a headache in the past.
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๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋‘ํ†ต์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:00
Now let's review have as the auxiliary verb.
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์ด์ œ ๋ณด์กฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ have๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:05
This is used in the present perfect.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:07
I have had a busy week.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ”์œ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:10
The structure for the present perfect isย  subject have or has conjugated with the subject.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ have ๋˜๋Š” has์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:17
You already know that ** *** it needs has.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ** ***๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:20
All other subjects use haveย  and then the past participle.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” have๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ํ›„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:25
Now in my sentence, I have had a busy week.
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์ด์ œ ์ œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ, ์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ”์œ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:31
My main verb is the verb to haveย  conjugated in the present perfect.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ '๊ฐ€์ง€๋‹ค' ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:38
That's why there's had.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
70:40
It's the past participle, but no matterย  what verb you use as the main verb,ย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์–ด๋–ค ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋“ 
70:45
the present perfect always usesย  have as the auxiliary verb.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ have๋ฅผ ๋ณด์กฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:51
You have been very helpful.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋„์›€์€ ์ •๋ง ์ปธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:53
So the verb be is the mainย  verb and have is the auxiliary.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ be๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  have๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์กฐ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:58
She has won the lottery twice.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ณต๊ถŒ์— ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ๋‹น์ฒจ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
71:01
He has run 2 marathons.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ผํ†ค์— 2๋ฒˆ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. he
71:05
Remember he and she you needย  has as the auxiliary verb andย ย 
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์™€ she๋Š” ๋ณด์กฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ has๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ , ๊ทธ
71:09
then your main verb in the past participle.
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์จ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
71:13
We have scheduled the meeting.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํšŒ์˜ ์ผ์ •์„ ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
71:15
They have left the party.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
71:18
Now let's review the contractions becauseย  these are very important to sound natural,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ˜•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์ด
71:23
like a native speaker andย  to understand us as well.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
71:27
I've you've, he's, she's, it's, we've, they've.
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๋„ˆ, ๊ทธ๋Š”, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€.
71:34
Native speakers usually use the contractionsย  when the verb have is the auxiliary verb.
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๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด ํ™”์ž๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์‚ฌ have๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์กฐ ๋™์‚ฌ์ผ ๋•Œ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
71:42
Important point.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ .
71:44
American speakers don't use the contraction whenย  have is the main verb, but British speakers do.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์€ have๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ผ ๋•Œ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
71:53
I have a car.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
71:55
I remember the first time Iย  heard a British speaker say this.
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์ €๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑธ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
71:59
I thought it sounded so weird.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
72:02
I have a car because Americanย  speakers would never say that.
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์ €๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. ๋™์‚ฌ have๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ
72:06
We would say I have a car becauseย  the verb have is the main verb.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— I have a car๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
72:12
But both American and British speakers would say,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๊ณผ ์˜๊ตญ์ธ ๋ชจ๋‘ "
72:15
I've had a busy week becauseย  here have is the auxiliary verb.
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๋ฐ”์œ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” have๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์กฐ ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
72:22
Let's keep reviewing have as the auxiliary verb.
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๋ณด์กฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ have๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
72:26
What do you think about this sentence?
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
72:29
She had had a meeting with her boss.
1005
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
72:33
What do you think?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
72:34
Is this correct?
1007
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋งž๋‚˜์š”?
72:35
Incorrect.
1008
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
72:36
This is correct.
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.
72:38
Do you know what verb tense this is?
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ๋™์‚ฌ์‹œ์ œ์ธ์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
72:41
This is the past perfectย  with have as the main verb.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ have๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
72:47
Of course, the past perfect is used for a pastย  action completed before another past action.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰๋™๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
72:53
So it's the past in the past.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ธ ์…ˆ์ด์ฃ .
72:56
She had had a meeting with herย  boss before she met the client.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
73:01
2 past actions.
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2๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋™์ž‘.
73:03
The past perfect is the first past action.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
73:07
The older past action.
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๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ–‰๋™.
73:09
You're probably more familiar withย  They had left by the time I arrived.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
73:15
The structure of the past perfect isย  subject had and the past participle.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด had์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
73:23
So all subjects use had, and then yourย  main verb is in the past participle,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” had๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
73:31
but the past participle of the verb have is had.
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๋™์‚ฌ have์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” had์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
73:37
That's why it's possible to say sheย  had had a meeting with her boss.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
73:44
Let's review the contractions and we'llย  use the verb to leave as the main verb,ย ย 
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์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ˜•์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ 'leave'๋ฅผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ left์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
73:51
which will be in the past participle left.
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.
73:54
They had left.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
73:56
So with the subject I, I'd left, you'dย  laughed, she'd laughed, he'd laughed.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์›ƒ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋…€๋„ ์›ƒ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋Š” ์›ƒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
74:05
It is possible with the subject it ID laughed.
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ID๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ์›ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
74:09
So notice it's just ID ID IDย  left, we'd laughed, they'd left.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ID ID ID๋งŒ ๋‚จ์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•„๋‘์„ธ์š” . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์›ƒ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
74:16
So you just add a soft D to the subject.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด D๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
74:20
What do you think about thisย  sentence I'd a dog when I was young.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”? ์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์› ์–ด์š”.
74:25
Is this correct or incorrect?
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์ด ๋ง์ด ๋งž๋Š”๊ฐ€, ํ‹€๋ฆฐ๊ฐ€?
74:28
Well, this is incorrect to an Americanย  speaker because the main verb is have.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ด๊ฑด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด์—์š” . ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ have์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
74:37
American speaker would say Iย  had a dog when I was young.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์€ ' ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์› ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
74:42
Remember, American speakers don't form aย  contraction when have is the main verb,ย ย 
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ have๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ผ ๋•Œ๋Š”
74:49
whether it's the present simple or past simple.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์ด๋“  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์ด๋“  ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
74:52
But native speakers usually form a contractionย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค์€
74:56
when have is the auxiliary verbย  and have is the auxiliary verb.
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have๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์กฐ ๋™์‚ฌ ์ด๊ณ  have๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์กฐ ๋™์‚ฌ์ผ ๋•Œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:01
With all the perfect tenses, you already knowย  the present perfect and the past perfect.
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์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•๋„ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:09
These are the two most common ones.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:12
Let's quickly review the other perfect tenses.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์™„๋ฃŒ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ž ๊น ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:16
For the present perfect continuous youย  have your subject have or has rememberย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด have ๋˜๋Š” has remember
75:22
has with ** *** it been and then your presentย  participle your verb and ING the past perfectย ย 
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has์™€ ** *** it been์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ, ING๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ
75:30
continuous you have your subject plusย  had plus been plus present participle.
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์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ had, been, ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:37
The future perfect you have subject plus willย  plus have plus past participle and the futureย ย 
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์€ ์ฃผ์–ด์— will + have + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ฏธ๋ž˜
75:45
perfect continuous you have your subject plusย  will plus have plus been plus present participle.
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์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ์ฃผ์–ด์— will + have + been + ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜
75:54
Remember you need to changeย  have to has for ** *** it forย ย 
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๊ฒฝ์šฐ ** *** it ๋Œ€์‹  have to has๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”
76:00
the present perfect and theย  present perfect continuous.
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.
76:04
In all other cases, the verbย  doesn't change with the subject.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:09
So you would say they have reserved a table.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์„ ์˜ˆ์•ฝํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
76:12
She has reserved a table.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์„ ์˜ˆ์•ฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:15
We have been preparing for the party.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:17
He has been preparing for the party.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•ด์™”๋‹ค.
76:20
But remember to.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
76:21
Form those contractions.
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์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
76:23
So what would the first one be?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
76:26
They have they've, they've reserved a table.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์„ ์˜ˆ์•ฝํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
76:31
She has, she's reserved a table.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์„ ์˜ˆ์•ฝํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
76:35
We have been preparing.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค€๋น„ํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:37
We've been preparing.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค€๋น„ํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:39
He has been preparing, he's been preparing.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋˜ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
76:43
Now let's review negation with haveย  so taking half and making it negative.
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์ด์ œ have๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์„ ์ทจํ•ด ๋ถ€์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:49
Let's do this as a little quiz.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž‘์€ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋กœ ํ’€์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:52
I have a dog.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šด๋‹ค.
76:54
How would you make this negative?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
76:57
I don't have a dog.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
76:59
Did you use that contraction?
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๊ทธ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
77:02
You could say I do not have a dog,ย ย 
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I do not have a dog๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
77:05
but native speakers usually form theย  contraction when have is negative.
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์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ have๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ผ ๋•Œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
77:11
She has a car.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
77:13
What is this in the negativeย  and use the contraction?
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์ด ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๊ณ  ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
77:18
She doesn't have a car.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
77:20
She does not have a car.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
77:23
We had some problems at the conference.
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๊ทธ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
77:27
Was this in the negative?
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
77:29
We didn't have any problems at the conference.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค์—์„œ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
77:33
Did you get the contraction?
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์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
77:35
Did not have, didn't have andย  did you change some to any?
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์—†์—ˆ์Œ, ์—†์—ˆ์Œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
77:41
They've had a lot of success.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํฐ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์˜
77:44
What is this in the negative?
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
77:46
They haven't had a lot of success here.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํฐ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
77:49
You can leave a lot of you could alsoย  say they have not had a lot of success.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚จ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํฐ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
77:56
She's had a great day.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”. ์ด์˜
77:58
What is this in the negative?
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
78:00
She hasn't had a great day.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:03
She has not had a great day.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:06
They'd had problems before the launch.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ ์ „์—๋„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์˜
78:10
What is this in the negative?
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
78:12
They hadn't had.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
78:14
They had not had problems before the launch.
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๋ฐœ์‚ฌ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:19
What about this sentence?
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์–ด๋–ค๊ฐ€์š”?
78:20
I have time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
78:22
How do you make this negative?
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์ด๊ฑธ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
78:24
You could say I don't have time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
78:28
I do not have time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:30
What about this sentence?
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์–ด๋–ค๊ฐ€์š”?
78:32
I have no time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์–ด์š”.
78:34
What do you think about this?
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
78:35
Correct or incorrect?
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๋งž๋Š” ๋ง์ธ๊ฐ€, ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ง์ธ๊ฐ€?
78:38
This is correct and veryย  commonly used by native speakers.
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์ด๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:42
The structure is subject plus haveย  or has depending on the subject.
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ have ๋˜๋Š” has๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:48
Remember, ** *** it has no andย  then noun, in this case, time.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ** ***์—๋Š” '์—†์Œ'๊ณผ ' ๋ช…์‚ฌ'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '์‹œ๊ฐ„'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:55
This is used to emphasize the lack ofย  something and to do it in a more dramatic way.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ข€ ๋” ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:01
I have no time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์–ด์š”.
79:03
You could say she has no money.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ˆ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค.
79:06
This sounds more dramaticย  than She doesn't have money.
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์ด ๋ง์€ ' ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ˆ์ด ์—†๋‹ค'๋Š” ๋ง๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.
79:10
We have no ideas.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:13
We don't have any ideas here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:16
Ideas of course are thoughts,ย  thoughts to solve problems.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:21
But if you say I have no idea in theย  singular, this means I don't know.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜๋กœ 'I have no idea'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด , ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์—์š”.
79:29
This is very commonly used by native speakers.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด ํ™”์ž๋“ค์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํ”ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:32
So if someone asks you a complicatedย  math problem, what's 362 / 3.8?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด, 362 / 3.8์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ์ „ํ˜€
79:40
I have no idea.
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๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
79:42
It emphasizes it more than saying I don't know.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:46
This structure is only usedย  in specific situations.
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์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:49
But for now, you can use it with time,ย  money, ideas plural, or idea singular.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๋ˆ, ์•„์ด๋””์–ด(๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•) ๋˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด(๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:57
Now let's review some common expressions withย  have and I'm going to quiz you at the same timeย ย 
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์ด์ œ have๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
80:03
so you can practice all of these conjugationsย  and structures that you just learned and learn.
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™œ์šฉํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋„ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ’€์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:10
Natural expressions at the same time to haveย  a blast, this means to have a great time.
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์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํ‘œํ˜„์ธ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:17
We all blast at the concert last time,ย  complete the sentence with the negative form.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ง€๋‚œ๋ฒˆ ์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ์—์„œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
80:27
Do you know it?
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์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
80:29
We didn't have a blast becauseย  our keyword is last night.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
80:34
So you need the past simple to have a ball.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋†€๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์š”.
80:38
This also means to have a great time.
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์ด๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:41
Both are commonly used.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ํ”ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:43
If we a ball at the conference,ย  we wouldn't have left early.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค์—์„œ ๊ณต์„ ์ฐจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ผ์ฐ ๋– ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:51
This is the third conditional.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:53
Can you complete it?
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์™„๋ฃŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
80:55
Did you get this one?
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์ด๊ฑฐ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
80:56
Well, have is the main verb, so inย  the past perfect, which you need.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, have๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
81:02
If we had had a ball at the conference,ย  we wouldn't have left early.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค์—์„œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ผ์ฐ ๋– ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
81:08
An advanced structure to have the last laugh.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์— ์›ƒ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง„๋ณด๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ. ์ฒ˜์Œ
81:13
This is when you appear to be the loser atย  first, but in the end you're the winner.
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์—๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์Šน์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
81:22
They rejected our proposal, but I believe in ourย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜
81:27
product and I know the last laughย  as a hint, you need the future.
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์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์›ƒ์Œ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•”์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
81:34
Simple, did you get this one?
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ฃ . ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
81:37
And I know will have as a contractionย  will we will will have the last laugh.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” '์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•'์ด ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•„์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์— ์›ƒ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€
81:45
You'll ultimately be the winner even thoughย  it seems like you're the loser right nowย ย 
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๋งˆ์น˜ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํŒจ์ž์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์Šน์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
81:51
because they rejected your proposalย  to have butterflies in your stomach.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐฐ ์†์ด ์„ค๋ ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
81:57
This is when you're nervous and anxious beforeย  a significant event like public speaking.
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์ด๋Š” ๋Œ€์ค‘ ์—ฐ์„ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์•ž๋‘๊ณ  ๊ธด์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•ด์งˆ ๋•Œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
82:05
Butterflies in your stomach isย  normal before a job interview.
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๊ตฌ์ง ๋ฉด์ ‘์„ ์•ž๋‘๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋’ค์ง‘ํžˆ๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
82:11
Can you complete this?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
82:13
And as a hint, you need the gerund verb.
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ํžŒํŠธ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
82:17
Having butterflies in your stomach haveย  as the gerund verb to have a screw lose.
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๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๋‹ค.
82:24
This describes someone who is a littleย  crazy, but more in an eccentric way.
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ฏธ์นœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ดด์งœ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
82:31
She might a few screwsย  loose, but she gets results.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ’€ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
82:38
She might might is your modal,ย  so you need the base verb.
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She might might๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
82:43
She might have a few screws loose.
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๋‚˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ ํ’€๋ ธ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
82:46
Like Shakira said, I'm crazy, but you like it.
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์ƒคํ‚ค๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ณค์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์š”. ํ• 
82:50
To have a lot on one's plate.
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์ผ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ๋‹ค.
82:53
This means to be very busy and it's veryย  commonly used right now, Tony a lot on his plate.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์œผ๋กœ ์š”์ฆ˜ ์•„์ฃผ ํ”ํžˆ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ† ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ํ•  ์ผ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์•„์š”.
83:03
This is easy right?
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์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ์ด์ง€?
83:05
Right now Tony has because it's possession and youย  can only use the present simple with possession.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ Tony๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ณ  ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:14
Right now Tony has a lotย  on his plate to have a cow.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ํ† ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•  ์ผ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:19
This is a fun one.
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์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋„ค์š”.
83:20
It means to become very upset a cow.
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์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:25
It's just a small scratch on your car as a hint,ย  you need the imperative in the negative form.
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ํžŒํŠธ๋กœ ์ฐจ์— ๋‚œ ์ž‘์€ ๊ธํžŒ ์ž๊ตญ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…๋ นํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:34
Do you know how to complete this?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
83:37
Don't have a cow.
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์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:38
Don't have a cow to have a heart of gold.
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์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ๋„ ๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
83:43
This describes someone who is very kind,ย  caring and generous despite a heart of gold.
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ ๋งˆ์Œ์”จ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฐฐ๋ ค์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ๊ณ , ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:51
She didn't get the promotion.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์Šน์ง„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:53
What's the answer Despite having a heart of gold?
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๋‹ต์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ๊ธˆ์˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ?
83:59
Because despite is a preposition and youย  need the gerund verb after prepositions.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด nevertheless๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ ๋’ค์—๋Š” ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
84:05
So how did you do with this quiz?
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์ด ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์„ฑ์ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
84:07
Share your score in the comments.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
84:10
Now let's keep focusing on grammar.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์–ด์—์„œ
84:12
You'll learn the 50 most commonย  irregular verbs in English.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ 50๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
84:17
Again, you must master these verbs ifย  you want to sound fluent and advanced.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด์„œ, ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง„๋ณด๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ตํ˜€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
84:23
The first verb is the most common verb in English.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
84:27
The verb to be to be, was or were, been.
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๋™์‚ฌ to be๋Š” was ๋˜๋Š” were, been์ด๋‹ค.
84:33
Notice for the past simple, weย  have two choices, was or were.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” was ๋˜๋Š” were๋ผ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ ํƒ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
84:38
Your choice depends on the subject.
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์„ ํƒ์€ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
84:42
I, ** ***.
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๋‚˜, ** ***.
84:43
It was.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
84:46
Yesterday I was sick.
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์–ด์ œ๋Š” ์•„ํŒ ์–ด์š”.
84:48
Yesterday he was sick.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ์•„ํŒ ์–ด์š”.
84:51
Were is for you.
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Were๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
84:53
We and they we were sick.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ทธ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•„ํŒ ์–ด์š”.
84:56
Yesterday they were sick.
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์–ด์ œ๋Š” ์•„ํŒ ์–ด์š”.
84:58
Yesterday The participle been.
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์–ด์ œ ๋ถ„์‚ฌํ˜• been.
85:00
I haven't been sick in years.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์•„ํ”„์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”. ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค
85:04
Become became become.
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.
85:09
Yesterday I became sick.
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์–ด์ œ ์•„ํŒ ์–ด์š”.
85:12
Have you become sick?
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์•„ํ”„์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
85:14
Begin.
1185
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค.
85:15
Began.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
85:16
Begun.
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์‹œ์ž‘๋จ.
85:17
I began the project 2 weeks ago.
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์ €๋Š” 2์ฃผ ์ „์— ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
85:21
Have you begun the project yet?
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์ด๋ฏธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
85:23
Bring Brought.
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๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋‹ค, ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋‹ค.
85:25
Brought.
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๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋‹ค.
85:27
She brought chocolates to the party.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋‹ค.
85:31
She had already brought theย  chocolates by the time I came by.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋‹ค.
85:37
Bought, bought.
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์ƒ€๋‹ค, ์ƒ€๋‹ค.
85:39
She bought new shoes last week.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹ ๋ฐœ์„ ์ƒ€๋‹ค.
85:42
She had bought the shoesย  before she got the promotion.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์Šน์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์‹ ๋ฐœ์„ ์ƒ€๋‹ค.
85:46
Choose, chose chosen.
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์„ ํƒํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
85:49
Notice the pronunciation differenceย  between our base verb choose andย ย 
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ choose์™€
85:54
the past and the participle choose chose.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ choose chose ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ ์ฐจ์ด์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
86:00
Oh, choose chose chosen.
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์˜ค, ์„ ํƒ ์„ ํƒ ์„ ํƒ.
86:04
She chose me for her teamย  who had chosen that book.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ํŒ€์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
86:10
Come, came, come.
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์™€, ์™€, ์™€.
86:13
She came home late.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ง‘์— ๋Œ์•„์™”๋‹ค.
86:14
Has she come to the party yet?
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ์™”๋‚˜์š”?
86:16
Do did.
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ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
86:18
Done.
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์™„๋ฃŒ.
86:20
I did the chores.
1207
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง‘์•ˆ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
86:21
Have you done the chores?
1208
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ง‘์•ˆ์ผ์„ ๋‹ค ํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
86:23
Drink.
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๋งˆ์‹œ๋‹ค.
86:25
Drank drunk.
1210
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์ทจํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
86:27
She drank the entire bottle.
1211
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ณ‘์„ ๋‹ค ๋งˆ์…จ๋‹ค.
86:30
She's drunk 2 bottles so far.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ 2๋ณ‘์„ ๋งˆ์…จ์–ด์š”.
86:34
Drive.
1213
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์šด์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค.
86:36
Drove.
1214
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๊ตต์€ ์ •.
86:37
Driven.
1215
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์ถ”์ง„๋ ฅ ์žˆ์Œ.
86:39
Who drove you here?
1216
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค์™”๋‚˜์š”?
86:42
I was driven by my friend.
1217
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์ €๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
86:46
Eat.
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๋จน๋‹ค.
86:47
Ate.
1219
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๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค.
86:48
Eaten.
1220
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๋จนํ˜”๋‹ค.
86:49
I ate early yesterday.
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์–ด์ œ๋Š” ์ผ์ฐ ๋จน์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
86:51
Have you eaten yet?
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์‹์‚ฌํ•˜์…จ์–ด์š”?
86:53
Fall.
1223
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๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋‹ค.
86:54
Fell.
1224
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์“ฐ๋Ÿฌ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค.
86:55
Fallen.
1225
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ํƒ€๋ฝํ•œ.
86:56
She fell really hard.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋„˜์–ด์กŒ์–ด์š”.
86:58
She had fallen before it rained.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋„˜์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.
87:02
Feel.
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๋Š๋ผ๋‹ค.
87:03
Felt.
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ํŽ ํŠธ.
87:04
Felt.
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ํŽ ํŠธ.
87:05
I felt bad.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋‚˜๋นด๋‹ค.
87:06
I haven't felt fabric like that before.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด์ „์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ง๋ฌผ์„ ๋Š๊ปด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
87:10
Find, found, found.
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์ฐพ์•˜์–ด์š”, ์ฐพ์•˜์–ด์š”, ์ฐพ์•˜์–ด์š”.
87:13
I found 10 bucks on the street.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ 10๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
87:16
Have you ever found money before?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด์ „์— ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
87:18
Fly, flew.
1236
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๋‚ ๋‹ค, ๋‚ ์•˜๋‹ค.
87:21
Flown.
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๋น„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
87:22
They flew to Paris last week.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
87:25
I've flown five times this year.
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ 5๋ฒˆ ํƒ”์–ด์š”.
87:29
Forget, forgot.
1240
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์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ค์š”, ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ค์š”.
87:31
Forgotten.
1241
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์žŠํ˜€์ง.
87:33
Oh no, I forgot to buy milk.
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3120
์•„, ์šฐ์œ  ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊นœ๋นกํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
87:36
Have you ever forgotten someone's birthday?
1243
5256760
3400
๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ƒ์ผ์„ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
87:40
Get, got, got, or gotten.
1244
5260160
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์–ป์—ˆ์–ด, ์–ป์—ˆ์–ด, ์–ป์—ˆ์–ด, ์–ป์—ˆ์–ด. ๋‘
87:44
You can use either one inย  the past participle form.
1245
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๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
87:48
Got or gotten.
1246
5268560
1680
์–ป์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์–ป์—ˆ์Œ.
87:50
Gotten is more common in American English.
1247
5270240
5640
Gotten์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค.
87:55
Yesterday I got a speeding ticket.
1248
5275880
3800
์–ด์ œ ์†๋„ ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋กœ ์šด์ „ ๋ฉดํ—ˆ์ฆ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์–ด์š”.
87:59
Have you ever gotten a speeding ticket?
1249
5279680
3120
๊ณผ์† ๋”ฑ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
88:02
Give, gave, given.
1250
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3000
์ค˜, ์คฌ์–ด, ์คฌ์–ด.
88:05
I gave her a box of chocolates.
1251
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ ํ•œ ์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
88:09
Have you ever given someone chocolates?
1252
5289360
3000
๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ์ค€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
88:12
Go, went, gone.
1253
5292360
2960
๊ฐ€, ๊ฐ€, ๊ฐ€.
88:15
Such a common verb, but I hear a lot ofย  mistakes with the verb go, go, went, gone.
1254
5295320
8360
๋งค์šฐ ํ”ํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋™์‚ฌ go, go, went, gone์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
88:23
Yesterday we went to the store.
1255
5303680
2960
์–ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
88:26
They've been gone for 20 minutes.
1256
5306640
3760
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 20๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์–ด์š”. ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค
88:30
Have had had.
1257
5310400
2400
.
88:32
She had a great time yesterday.
1258
5312800
3440
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
88:36
We've had a great time since we got here.
1259
5316240
4280
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•œ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์ •๋ง ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
88:40
Here heard.
1260
5320520
1480
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
88:42
Heard yesterday.
1261
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1760
์–ด์ œ ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
88:43
I heard the Best Song.
1262
5323760
2840
์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
88:46
Have you ever heard that song?
1263
5326600
2040
๊ทธ ๋…ธ๋ž˜ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์‹  ์  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์ž˜
88:48
Keep kept.
1264
5328640
1760
๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
88:50
Kept.
1265
5330400
920
์œ ์ง€๋œ.
88:51
The politician kept his promise.
1266
5331320
2720
๊ทธ ์ •์น˜์ธ์€ ์•ฝ์†์„ ์ง€์ผฐ๋‹ค.
88:55
Have you kept your photos from your trip?
1267
5335120
3840
์—ฌํ–‰ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•ด๋‘์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
88:58
No.
1268
5338960
960
์•„๋‹ˆ์š”.
88:59
Knew.
1269
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1200
์•Œ์•˜์–ด์š”.
89:01
Known.
1270
5341120
1720
์•Œ๋ ค์ง„.
89:02
I knew she did it.
1271
5342840
3320
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
89:06
I've known him for 10 years.
1272
5346160
3480
์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฅผ 10๋…„์งธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
89:09
Leave.
1273
5349640
1000
๋– ๋‚˜๋‹ค.
89:10
Left.
1274
5350640
1040
์™ผ์ชฝ.
89:11
Left.
1275
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1720
์™ผ์ชฝ.
89:13
She left at 5:00.
1276
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2880
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 5์‹œ์— ๋– ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
89:16
She had already left by the time I came.
1277
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3960
๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋– ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.
89:20
Lend Lent.
1278
5360240
2280
์‚ฌ์ˆœ์ ˆ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋‹ค.
89:22
Lent.
1279
5362520
1040
์‚ฌ์ˆœ์ ˆ.
89:23
I lent him some money.
1280
5363560
2680
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ ค์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
89:26
Have you ever lent anyone money?
1281
5366240
2840
๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ ค์ค€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
89:29
Let let let that one's easy.
1282
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3880
๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
89:32
She let me keep the money.
1283
5372960
3000
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
89:35
I've let 5 people into the room so far.
1284
5375960
5400
์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ 5๋ช…์„ ๋ฐฉ์— ๋“ค์—ฌ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”.
89:41
Lose, Lost, lost.
1285
5381360
3160
์กŒ์–ด, ์กŒ์–ด, ์กŒ์–ด.
89:44
I lost their number.
1286
5384520
2800
์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
89:47
Have you ever lost your wallet?
1287
5387320
2800
์ง€๊ฐ‘์„ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
89:50
Make made, made.
1288
5390120
2200
๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด, ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด.
89:52
They made a terrible mistake.
1289
5392320
3440
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ €์งˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
89:55
Have you ever made a promiseย  that you didn't keep meat?
1290
5395760
5160
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š” ?
90:00
Met.
1291
5400920
800
๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
90:01
Met.
1292
5401720
1000
๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
90:02
We met last week.
1293
5402720
2080
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
90:04
Have you met Fred yet?
1294
5404800
1840
ํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
90:06
Pay.
1295
5406640
680
์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋‹ค.
90:07
Paid.
1296
5407320
720
์œ ๊ธ‰์˜.
90:08
Paid.
1297
5408040
760
90:08
I already paid the bill.
1298
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2360
์œ ๊ธ‰์˜.
๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ๋งˆ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
90:11
She had paid the bill by the timeย  I got back from the bathroom.
1299
5411160
4760
๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์š•์‹ค์—์„œ ๋Œ์•„์™”์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
90:15
Put.
1300
5415920
440
๋†“๋‹ค.
90:16
Put, Put.
1301
5416360
1360
๋†”, ๋†”.
90:17
That one's easy.
1302
5417720
1880
๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ์ด๋„ค์š”.
90:19
I put my new shoes in the closet.
1303
5419600
4520
๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹ ๋ฐœ์„ ์˜ท์žฅ์— ๋„ฃ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
90:24
Have you put away your groceries yet?
1304
5424120
3880
์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ์€ ๋‹ค ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
90:28
Read, read, read.
1305
5428000
2520
์ฝ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
90:30
Notice the spelling is exactly theย  same, but the pronunciation changes.
1306
5430520
5360
์ฒ ์ž๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
90:35
Read, read, read.
1307
5435880
3400
์ฝ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
90:39
Yesterday I read my book for 20 minutes.
1308
5439280
4000
์–ด์ œ๋Š” 20๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
90:43
Have you read his autobiography yet?
1309
5443280
3080
๊ทธ์˜ ์ž์„œ์ „์„ ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
90:46
Run, Ran, run.
1310
5446360
3040
๋‹ฌ๋ ค๋ผ, ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๋ผ, ๋‹ฌ๋ ค.
90:49
He ran a marathon last week.
1311
5449400
3600
๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ๋งˆ๋ผํ†ค์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
90:53
We've run three tests so far,ย  Say said said, Who said that?
1312
5453000
8080
์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ 3๋ฒˆ์˜ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, Say๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ?
91:01
She had said that before our conversation.
1313
5461080
4120
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
91:05
See Saw, Seen.
1314
5465200
3560
๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค, ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.
91:08
I saw a movie last week.
1315
5468760
2760
์ €๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ดค์–ด์š”.
91:11
Have you seen that movie yet?
1316
5471520
2000
๊ทธ ์˜ํ™” ๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
91:13
Sell.
1317
5473520
760
ํŒ”๋‹ค.
91:14
Sold.
1318
5474280
880
ํŒ๋งค๋œ.
91:15
Sold We sold our car.
1319
5475160
4040
ํŒ๋งค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํŒ”์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
91:19
Have you sold your house yet?
1320
5479200
2640
์ง‘์€ ํŒ”์•˜๋‚˜์š”?
91:21
Send Sent Sent We sent the package last week.
1321
5481840
6480
์ „์†ก ์ „์†ก ์ „์†ก ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
91:28
Have you sent the package yet?
1322
5488320
2440
์ด๋ฏธ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋‚˜์š”?
91:30
Sing Sang Sung She sang in the shower yesterday.
1323
5490760
7120
์‹ฑ์ƒ์ˆญ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ์ƒค์›Œํ•  ๋•Œ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ €์–ด์š”.
91:37
Have you ever sung in the shower?
1324
5497880
2920
์ƒค์›Œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
91:40
Sit.
1325
5500800
720
์•‰๋‹ค.
91:41
SAT.
1326
5501520
760
์•‰์•˜๋‹ค.
91:42
SAT.
1327
5502280
880
์•‰์•˜๋‹ค.
91:43
She sat down and broke the chair.
1328
5503160
3680
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•‰์•„์„œ ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
91:46
Have you ever sat beside someone famous?
1329
5506840
3400
๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์˜†์— ์•‰์€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
91:50
Sleep, Slept.
1330
5510240
1800
์ž์š”, ์žค์–ด์š”.
91:52
Slept.
1331
5512040
2040
์žค๋‹ค.
91:54
I slept terrible last night.
1332
5514080
3800
์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ์ž ์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ชป ์žค์–ด์š”.
91:57
Have you ever slept outside?
1333
5517880
2560
๋ฐ–์—์„œ ์žค๋˜ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
92:00
Speak, Spoke.
1334
5520440
1560
๋งํ•ด, ๋งํ•ด.
92:02
Spoken.
1335
5522000
1400
๋ง๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•จ.
92:03
Who spoke at the wedding?
1336
5523400
2320
๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์‹์—์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ์„คํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
92:05
I haven't spoken to her in years.
1337
5525720
3520
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์™€ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
92:09
Stand, stood, stood.
1338
5529240
3040
์„œ์„ธ์š”, ์„œ์„ธ์š”, ์„œ์„ธ์š”.
92:12
He stood me up.
1339
5532280
2560
๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ธ์› ๋‹ค.
92:14
Have you ever been stood up?
1340
5534840
2160
๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ผ์–ด์„  ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
92:17
When someone stands you up, it means you madeย  plans with someone, usually romantically,ย ย 
1341
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋ณดํ†ต์€ ๋กœ๋งจํ‹ฑํ•œ
92:24
like a date, but the other person didn't show up.
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๋ฐ์ดํŠธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์› ์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
92:29
They didn't come to the restaurantย  at 7:00 like they said they would.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•ฝ์†ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋กœ 7์‹œ์— ์‹๋‹น์— ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
92:33
So have you ever been stood up orย  have you ever stood someone up?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊พธ์ค‘ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊พธ์ค‘ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€
92:39
Hopefully not.
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์•Š๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
92:41
Swim, swam, swam.
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์ˆ˜์˜, ์ˆ˜์˜, ์ˆ˜์˜.
92:44
I swam in the ocean last week.
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
92:47
I haven't swum in the ocean for five years.
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์ €๋Š” 5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
92:52
Take, took, taken.
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๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€, ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€, ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€.
92:54
She took our photo.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
92:57
Have you taken anyone's photo before?
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์ด์ „์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
93:00
Teach taunt.
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์กฐ๋กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ๋ผ.
93:01
Taunt.
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์กฐ๋กฑ.
93:02
She taught them how to use irregular verbs.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
93:06
Have you ever taught someoneย  how to use irregular verbs?
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
93:11
Tell, told, told.
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๋งํ•ด, ๋งํ•ด, ๋งํ•ด.
93:13
She told me the truth.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
93:16
Have you ever told a lie?
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
93:18
Think, thought, thought.
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์ƒ๊ฐ, ์ƒ๊ฐ, ์ƒ๊ฐ.
93:21
I thought it was a good idea.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
93:24
Have you thought about moving?
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์ด์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
93:27
Understand, Understood, Understood.
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์ดํ•ดํ•ด์š”, ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์š”, ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์š”.
93:30
I understood her explanation.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
93:33
Have you understood all these irregular verbs?
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
93:38
Wear, wore, worn.
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์ž…์—ˆ๋‹ค, ์ž…์—ˆ๋‹ค, ์ž…์—ˆ๋‹ค.
93:41
She wore her green dress to the party.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๋…น์ƒ‰ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž…๊ณ  ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
93:45
She hasn't worn her blue dress yet.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„์ง ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž…์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
93:49
Write, wrote, written.
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์“ฐ์„ธ์š”, ์“ฐ์„ธ์š”, ์“ฐ์„ธ์š”.
93:52
I wrote the answer in my notebook.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‹ต์„ ๋‚ด ๊ณต์ฑ…์— ์ ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
93:55
Have you written the essay yet?
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์ด๋ฏธ ๊ธ€์„ ๋‹ค ์ผ๋‚˜์š”?
93:57
Now let's focus on reading.
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์ด์ œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
93:59
We'll review an academic IELTSย  reading passage together.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•™์ˆ ์  IELTS ๋…ํ•ด ์ง€๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:04
Our article is called Time Travel.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ œ๋ชฉ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:08
Let's start the first section.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„น์…˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:11
Time travel took a small step away fromย  science fiction and toward science.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์€ ๊ณต์ƒ๊ณผํ•™์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ๊ณผํ•™์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋ฐœ๊ฑธ์Œ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
94:18
So you have here is science fiction.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณต์ƒ๊ณผํ•™์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:21
Fiction is the opposite of fact.
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ํ—ˆ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:24
So we have two categories.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:26
We have fiction which is not real.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ํ—ˆ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:29
Like.
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94:29
Harry Potter And then we haveย  non fiction which is real,ย ย 
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์ข‹๋‹ค.
ํ•ด๋ฆฌํฌํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ
94:34
like a historical biography or autobiography.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์„œ๋‚˜ ์ž์„œ์ „์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ—ˆ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ฑ…๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:40
I wrote those definitions here.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:42
So time travel took a step away from fiction,ย  so away from not true and toward true.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์€ ํ—ˆ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ•œ ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜, ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ์ง„์‹ค์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:52
Here, notice how we have the word towardย  as a preposition to spellings are correct.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ์ฒ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งž๋„๋ก ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋กœ toward๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
94:58
You can say toward or towards with an S.
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toward ๋˜๋Š” toward๋Š” S๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
95:03
So if you hear someone say towardsย  with an S, it's not incorrect.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ toward๋ฅผ S๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ง์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
95:07
Both of them are grammatically correctย  and acceptable and towards science.
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๋‘ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™• ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ—ˆ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณผํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์„ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
95:12
Recently when physicists discovered thatย  subatomic particles known as neutrinos.
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์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์›์ž ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
95:20
Neutrinos.
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์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž.
95:22
Just listen to my pronunciation.
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์ œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
95:24
Neutrinos can exceed the speed of light.
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์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋Š” ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
95:28
So if you exceed something, itย  means you've gone beyond it.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„ฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์—์š”.
95:33
Now, in this case, they're talking about speed.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์†๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
95:36
So to go beyond means to go faster than.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ์šฉ์นด๋“œ
95:40
If you exceeded your spending limit on yourย  credit card, you've gone beyond that limit,ย ย 
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์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•œ๋„๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ•œ๋„๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ธˆ์•ก๋ณด๋‹ค
95:48
which means you've spent moreย  money than you have available.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
95:52
And notice here we have can which is a modal verbย  and then we have exceed which is the base verb.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ can์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , extend ๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
96:01
So grammatically you alwaysย  have modal plus base verb,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ์ง€, ๋™์‚ฌ
96:06
not the infinitive can toย  exceed, no just can exceed.
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์›ํ˜• can to extend๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ can extend๋งŒ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:12
So modal plus base verb canย  exceed the speed of light.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:18
So these neutrinos which are sub atomic particles,ย  don't worry I don't know what a neutrino is.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋Š” ์•„์›์ž ์ž…์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋Š” ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:24
I don't don't really know what a subatomicย  particle is because I'm not a physicist,ย ย 
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•„์›์ž ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:30
but I understand that they're particles andย  they can go faster than the speed of light.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž…์ž์ด๊ณ  ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:36
That is what I know based on theย  article, The Unassuming Particle.
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์ด๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ The Unassuming Particle์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '
96:41
Unassuming is an adjective, and whenย  you describe something as unassuming,ย ย 
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์†Œ๋ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค'๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
96:47
it means it doesn't attract aย  lot of interest or attention.
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
96:52
So maybe you're walking down aย  street and there's a restaurant,ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฑท๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์‹๋‹น์ด ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž‘์•„์„œ
96:56
but it doesn't attract your interest orย  attention because maybe it's very small.
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๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
97:02
It doesn't look very nice from the outside.
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๋ฐ–์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ฉ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
97:05
There isn't a lot of decorations.
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์žฅ์‹์ด ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
97:08
The sign for the restaurant is very small, soย  you almost don't even notice the restaurant.
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๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘ ๊ฐ„ํŒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘์•„์„œ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
97:15
So it's an unassuming restaurant, butย  you go in and the food is delicious,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์Œ์‹์ด ๋ง›์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
97:22
but you almost didn't noticeย  it because it's unassuming.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ„์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๋ป”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
97:26
So these particles, theseย  neutrinos, are unassuming.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž…์ž, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋Š” ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
97:29
They don't attract a lot of attention orย  interest, likely because they're just very small.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
97:35
They're not considered somethingย  that's very important in science.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ณผํ•™์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆˆ
97:40
The unassuming particle, it is electricallyย  neutral, small, but with a non 0 mass.
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์— ๋„์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ž…์ž๋กœ ์ „๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์€ 0์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
97:48
So this is simply giving us moreย  information about what this particleย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ์ด ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์ด ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
97:53
is, because the average personย  does not know what a neutrinos is.
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.
97:58
A physicist knows what this is,ย  but the average person does not.
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
98:03
So this is giving us more information onย  this particle, the unassuming particle.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ์ž…์ž, ์ฆ‰ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ž…์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
98:09
It is electrically neutral, small butย  with a non 0 mass and able to penetrate.
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์ „๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด 0์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ์นจํˆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
98:15
Now notice here able to penetrate isย  something missing from this expression andย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์—์„œ ๋น ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
98:23
able to penetrate the expression is toย  be able to that's the full expression.
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๊ด€ํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
98:31
But notice it is electricallyย  neutral and able to penetrate.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ด๋ฉฐ ์นจํˆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
98:39
So when we have and you don'tย  need to repeat the main verb.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
98:44
So you can say for example, she is tall and thin.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ๋ฅธ ํŽธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
98:51
OK, she is tall and thin, so you don'tย  have to say she is tall and is thin.
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๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ๋ฅธ ํŽธ์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ๋ฅธ ํŽธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์ฃ .
99:00
You can get rid of this main verbย  and just say she is tall and thin.
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์ด ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ ์”ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ ๋งŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
99:06
The same thing is happening here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
99:08
The only difference is instead ofย  having one simple word like tall,ย ย 
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์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ' ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
99:14
we have all of this information.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
99:18
So it's easy to forget that this isย  is also attached to able to becauseย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด able to์—๋„ ๋ถ™์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด
99:26
the expression is not able to it's be able to.
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ํ‘œํ˜„์€ able to๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
99:31
OK, so for example, you can'tย  say she able to speak Japanese.
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๋„ค, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ณธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
99:40
You can't say that this is grammaticallyย  incorrect because the verb to be is missing.
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๋™์‚ฌ to be๊ฐ€ ๋น ์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
99:45
So I'll put a :( and an X.
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:(์™€ X๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์„๊ฒŒ์š”.
99:48
She is able.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
99:50
To.
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99:50
Speak Japanese.
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.
์ผ๋ณธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
99:53
So now this is correct because we haveย  to be able and then your infinitive.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด to be able๊ณผ ๋™์‚ฌ ์›ํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ
100:01
So that is what's happening here and able to.
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด๊ณ  able to์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
100:05
But we're using the verb to be forย  both sections before and and after.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ž๊ณผ ๋’ค์˜ ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ to be๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
100:11
And so don't forget that with able to.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  able to์™€
100:16
And able to penetrate.
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able to penetration์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
100:18
When you penetrate something,ย  it simply means you go into.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•  ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
100:23
So let's say I'm putting cream on my skin.
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์ œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ํฌ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
100:27
When the when the cream goes into myย  skin and you can no longer see it,ย ย 
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ํฌ๋ฆผ์ด ์ œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋•Œ,
100:32
it means the cream penetrated my skin.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํฌ๋ฆผ์ด ์ œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
100:36
It went into my skin.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
100:39
So this neutron, this neutrinos can go into yourย  skin, it can penetrate the human form undetected.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์ค‘์„ฑ์ž, ์ด ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐ์ง€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฑ„๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ชธ์„ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
100:51
So you don't see something going into yourย  skin because they they're not visible,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
100:58
they're so small that you can't see them.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž‘์•„์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
101:01
So that means undetected, not visible, notย  known, not visible, or not known, not known.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ์ง€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ, ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Œ, ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Œ, ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Œ ๋˜๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Œ, ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
101:14
Undetected is on its way to becomingย  a rock star of the scientific world.
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Undetected๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™๊ณ„์˜ ๋ก ์Šคํƒ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธธ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
101:23
When you see this dash here and thenย  another dash, it means you can removeย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
101:29
all of the information between the dashes andย  the sentence would be grammatically correct.
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๋Œ€์‹œ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ณ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
101:35
For example, let me read itย  without the information in blue.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ์ •๋ณด ์—†์ด ์ฝ์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
101:39
The unassuming particle is on its way toย  becoming a rock star of the scientific world.
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๊ฒ‰๋ณด๊ธฐ์— ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณผํ•™๊ณ„์˜ ๋ก ์Šคํƒ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
101:45
Grammatically correct.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
101:47
The information between the dashes isย  additional supplementary information,ย ย 
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๋Œ€์‹œ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋ณด์ถฉ ์ •๋ณด
101:53
and in this case, it gives youย  more information about what theย ย 
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์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‰ดํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
101:56
nutrinos is because as I said, theย  average person just doesn't know.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด
102:02
Don't worry about writing all this down becauseย  I summarize everything in the free lesson PDF.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฑ์ •์€ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์—… PDF์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์š”์•ฝ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. ์•„๋ž˜
102:08
So you can look in the descriptionย  below to download the free lesson PDF.
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์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์—… PDF๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
102:14
Let's continue.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
102:16
Researchers in Geneva sent the neutrinosย  hurtling through an underground corridor.
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์ œ๋„ค๋ฐ”์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ•˜ ๋ณต๋„๋กœ ์˜์•„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๋ฒˆ
102:23
Let's take a look.
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์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ฃ .
102:24
At hurtling, this means to move very fast,ย  but it also implies in a dangerous way.
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๋Œ์ง„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹๋„ ๋‚ดํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
102:32
So when these neutrinos were hurtling throughย  the underground corridor, so imagine theย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ง€ํ•˜ ๋ณต๋„๋ฅผ ์งˆ์ฃผํ•  ๋•Œ,
102:38
corridor is going straight and the neutrinosย  are going very fast, but maybe they're bangingย ย 
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๋ณต๋„๊ฐ€ ์ง์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋“ค์ด
102:43
against the sides of the wall, They're crashingย  into each other, not in a orderly straight way.
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๋ฒฝ์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํžˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์งˆ์„œ ์ •์—ฐํ•œ ์ง์„ ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
102:51
So you can use this, for example, with drivers,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์šด์ „์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
102:55
you might say the deliveryย  driver hurdled up my driveway.
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๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด ์ฐจ๋„๋กœ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
103:00
So he came up your driveway.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ฐจ๋„๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
103:03
He drove up your driveway very quickly,ย  but also very dangerously so quickly.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ฐจ๋„๋กœ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ชฐ๊ณ  ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ชฐ๊ณ  ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
103:10
And maybe he's swerving.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
103:13
There's object here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
103:15
He's going right for it.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
103:16
Maybe you're standing here andย  he doesn't seem to be stopping.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์„œ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
103:20
He hurdled up your driveway.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ฐจ๋„๋กœ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
103:23
Let's continue.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
103:25
Researchers in Geneva sent the neutrinosย  hurdling through an underground corridorย ย 
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์ œ๋„ค๋ฐ”์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ง€ํ•˜ ๋ณต๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋ฅผ
103:31
toward their colleagues or towards rememberย  their colleagues 730 kilometers away in Italy.
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๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, 730km ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
103:41
The neutrinos arrived promptly.
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์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋Š” ๊ณง๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
103:44
Promptly is an adverb and it means quicklyย  without delay, but also at the scheduled time.
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Promptly๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋กœ, ์ง€์ฒด ์—†์ด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์˜ˆ์ •๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
103:51
So for example, the meetingย  will start promptly at 9:00 AM.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํšŒ์˜๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์˜ค์ „ 9์‹œ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
103:56
Often when you schedule a meeting at 9, someย  people might come to the meeting 9 O3 nine O 5.
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์ข…์ข… 9์‹œ์— ํšŒ์˜ ์ผ์ •์„ ์žก์œผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ 9์‹œ 30๋ถ„์— ํšŒ์˜์— ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
104:03
Just a little bit.
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์•„์ฃผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ๋งŒ์š”.
104:04
Late.
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๋Šฆ์€.
104:05
But if you say the meeting willย  start promptly at 9:00 AM, I willย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์˜ค์ „ 9์‹œ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ €๋Š” 901์‹œ๋‚˜ 902์‹œ๊ฐ€
104:09
start the presentation at 900, not 901 or 902.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ 900์‹œ์— ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
104:15
Promptly at 9:00.
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์˜ค์ „ 9์‹œ์—์š”.
104:18
So immediately at 9:00.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ 9์‹œ์—์š”.
104:20
So in this case, the neutrinos arrived promptly.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
104:23
So we can say quickly without delay.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ง€์ฒด์—†์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
104:26
So promptly in fact, that they triggeredย  what scientists are calling the unthinkable.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
104:33
Let's look at triggered and unthinkable.
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ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
104:36
So first triggered.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
104:38
When something triggers something, itย  simply means it causes it to start.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ด‰๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
104:44
So the fact that the neutrinos traveled soย  promptly caused something else to start.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ด๋™ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
104:54
And that something else is that scientistsย  are are now rethinking time travel.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž ๋“ค์ด ์ด์ œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
105:02
So that's the something you could say, forย  example, speaking in public triggers my anxiety.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋Œ€์ค‘ ์•ž์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ์„ ์ด‰๋ฐœ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
105:11
So speaking in public causes my anxiety to.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์•ž์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•ด์š”.
105:16
Start.
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์‹œ์ž‘.
105:17
I wrote that example here for you.
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
105:19
Now, the unthinkable.
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์ด์ œ ์ƒ์ƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
105:22
This is when something is just so shocking orย  unlikely that it's difficult for you to imagine,ย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์„œ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
105:30
difficult for you to actually form a picture.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
105:33
For example, a world withoutย  language would be unthinkable.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
105:38
Can you even contemplate?
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์ƒ๊ฐ์กฐ์ฐจ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
105:40
Can you think about what life wouldย  be like if nobody spoke any language?
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์–ด๋–ค ์–ธ์–ด๋„ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‚ถ์ด ์–ด๋–จ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”?
105:47
Language was not invented.
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์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
105:49
A human being never uttered, which means spoke,ย  never uttered a word, never spoke a word, ever.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋ง์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ํ•œ๋งˆ๋””๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ํ•œ๋งˆ๋””๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
105:57
Could you even imagine how weย  would interact with each other?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
106:01
It's unthinkable.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
106:03
It's so shocking and unlikely, weย  can't even really think about it.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ์ผ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐ์กฐ์ฐจ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
106:08
So time travel is anotherย  thing that's just unthinkable.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์€ ์ƒ์ƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
106:12
Can you imagine what life wouldย  be like if we could time travel?
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์ด ์–ด๋–จ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
106:16
It's unthinkable that everything they haveย  learnt, known or taught stemming from the lastย ย 
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์ง€๋‚œ 100๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์› ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•Œ์•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ์˜จ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„
106:23
100 years of the physics disciplineย  may need to be reconsidered.
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์žฌ๊ณ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
106:28
So this is.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
106:29
The unthinkable that everything thatย  physicists know about their discipline,ย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ž๊ธฐ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„
106:36
they may need to think about itย  again if time travel is possible.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ์ƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
106:42
I want to point out the pastย  simple here of the verb learnย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ learn์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์„ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๋ฐ,
106:46
because you might be confused as to why it has AT.
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์™œ AT๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
106:52
So learntย ย 
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106:53
is the preferred spelling and pronunciation inย  British English in American English which I teach.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์˜ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋˜๋Š” ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
107:02
The.
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๊ทธ๋งŒํผ.
107:03
Preferred spelling and pronunciation isย  learned, so notice we have a soft T here.
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์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด T๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
107:10
Learnt and then in Americanย  learned with a soft D learned.
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๋ฐฐ์› ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด D๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์› ์–ด์š”.
107:16
Both of them are grammatically correct, it'sย  just two countries preferred two different words.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งž๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‘ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
107:25
Everything they have learnt, known orย  taught stemming from here To stem fromย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ , ์•Œ๊ณ , ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ์˜จ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ๊ฒƒ '~์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋˜๋‹ค'๋Š”
107:32
simply means come from, to come from, come from.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ~์—์„œ ์™”๋‹ค, ~์—์„œ ์™”๋‹ค, ~์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
107:40
So in this case, because it's in the gerundย  form, I'll put mine in the gerund form.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฌํ˜•์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ถ„์‚ฌํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
107:45
Coming from the last 100 years of the physicsย  discipline may need to be reconsidered.
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ง€๋‚œ 100๋…„์„ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
107:52
So when you add re in front of theย  verb, it means you do the verb again.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ ์•ž์— re๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ด๋ฉด ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
107:57
So you need to consider again.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
108:01
So that means consider again because you addย  re reconsidered, we need to consider it again.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด์—์š”. ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด์—์š”. ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด์—์š”.
108:09
So let's say you asked your boss forย  a promotion and your boss said no.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์Šน์ง„์„ ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
108:15
Maybe you could say, can you reconsiderย  what he can you consider my proposal again?
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์•„๋งˆ, ๋‚ด ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
108:24
And most likely he'll say no.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
108:26
But hey, maybe he'll say,ย  I guess I could reconsider.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Š” ' ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
108:31
And then you can explain againย  why you deserve a promotion.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์™œ ์Šน์ง„ํ•  ์ž๊ฒฉ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
108:35
And maybe this time your boss will say yes.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ฝํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
108:39
So it's always possible for someone to reconsider.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
108:42
Let's continue the issue at stake.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ๋…ผ์˜ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
108:46
So at stake is simply whenย  something is being considered.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
108:51
So here, the issue being considered.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
108:53
The issue at stake?
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๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€?
108:55
So being considered is a tiny segmentย  of time, precisely 60 nanoseconds.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„, ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ 60๋‚˜๋…ธ์ดˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
109:03
So now they're going toย  explain what 60 nanoseconds is,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ 60๋‚˜๋…ธ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
109:07
because the average person whoย  is not a physicist does not know.
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
109:12
So 60 nanoseconds is 60 billionths of a second.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ 60๋‚˜๋…ธ์ดˆ๋Š” 600์–ต ๋ถ„์˜ 1์ดˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
109:18
So you have one second, and then you divide thatย  one second into billions and you take 60 of them.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด 1์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€๊ณ , ๊ทธ 1์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๋ถ„์˜ 60์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ
109:27
For me, I can't really comprehendย  what 60 billions of a second is,ย ย 
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์ €๋Š” 600์–ต์˜ 1์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํฐ์ง€ ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
109:33
to be honest, because a second is like that.
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1์ดˆ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ •๋„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
109:36
And imagine you take 60 billions of that second.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ดˆ์˜ 600์–ต ๋ถ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
109:41
It would be so, so fast.
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์ •๋ง, ์ •๋ง ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋๋‚  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
109:44
It's unthinkable.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ฃ . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
109:45
I can't even imagine what that would be.
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๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”.
109:48
So notice I just used unthinkable.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ '์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
109:51
This is how much faster thanย  the speed of light the neutrinosย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋•…์†์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ 
109:56
managed to go in their undergroundย  travels, and at a consistent rate.
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์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
110:02
Even allowing for a margin ofย  error of 10 billionths of a second,ย ย 
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100์–ต ๋ถ„์˜ 1์ดˆ ์˜ค์ฐจ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
110:09
this stands as proof that it isย  possible to race against light and win.
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์ด๋Š” ๋น›๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
110:16
So here they're comparing theย  speed of the neutrinos to the.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
110:23
Speed of light, which is just.
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๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋Š” ์ •์˜๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
110:25
So fast that you and I averageย  people can't really comprehend,ย ย 
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋น ๋ฅธ์ง€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ , ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
110:31
understand how fast it is becauseย  it just happens so quickly.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
110:36
So they're just letting you know itย  happened faster than the speed of light and.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
110:42
This.
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์ด๊ฒƒ.
110:43
Allowing for a margin of error,ย ย 
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์˜ค์ฐจ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
110:45
they're saying even if our calculation wasย  incorrect, don't worry, it's still accurate.
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๋น„๋ก ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
110:53
So they accounted for that.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
110:56
They allowed some miscalculation in theirย  formula, and the neutrinos are still fasterย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต์‹์—์„œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ–ˆ๊ณ  ,
111:05
than the speed of light even if theirย  calculation is somewhat inaccurate.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋ถ€์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
111:10
So that's a margin of error.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์˜ค์ฐจ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
111:12
You'll see this a.
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
111:13
Lot in studies, scientificย  studies, research studies.
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๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ๊ณผํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
111:18
A margin of error of 10 billionths of a second.
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์˜ค์ฐจ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋Š” 100์–ต ๋ถ„์˜ 1์ดˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
111:23
The duration of the experiment.
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์‹คํ—˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„.
111:25
Duration is the length, theย  duration of the experiment,ย ย 
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๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ธธ์ด, ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„,
111:30
the length of this experiment,ย  the entire time of the experiment.
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์‹คํ—˜ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ๊ธธ์ด, ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
111:35
So length or entire time of theย  experiment also accounted for.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋‚˜ ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋„ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
111:41
When you account for something,ย  you simply consider it.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
111:46
So they considered that margin of error errorย  that their calculation may be somewhat inaccurate.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋ถ€์ •ํ™•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜ค์ฐจ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
111:54
So to consider also accounted for.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๋ณผ๋งŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
111:58
Considered.
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์กด๊ฒฝ๋ฐ›๋Š”.
112:00
So here accounted for something.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ค๋ช…๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
112:04
So notice the preposition.
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
112:06
You account for something,ย  but you consider something.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
112:11
So we don't use considered for,ย  it's just considered because weย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” considered for๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ considered๋ผ๊ณ ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
112:15
don't need the preposition forย  and considered and ruled out.
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ for ์™€ considered, ruled out์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
112:21
The phrasal verb to rule something out is whenย  you no longer have something as a possibility,ย ย 
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์–ด๊ตฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ,
112:31
so to no longer have an option as a possibility.
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์ฆ‰ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
112:38
So basically it means to excludeย  an option to exclude an option.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์˜ต์…˜์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
112:45
So let's say you.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
112:46
Are considering different options.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜ต์…˜์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
112:49
Maybe you're going to give your team a promotion,ย ย 
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ํŒ€์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์Šน์ง„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
112:53
give them an extra vacation day orย  give them free lunch on Fridays.
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ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋” ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ์— ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ ์‹ฌ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”
112:59
Those are your three options toย  show your support for your staff.
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
113:04
But you're going to rule out promotions.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์Šน์ง„์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฌ์ •์ 
113:07
You're going to no longer considerย  that as an option because you don'tย ย 
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์œผ๋กœ
113:11
have the financial resources to offerย  promotions and it's very expensive.
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ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจ์…˜์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ  ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
113:16
So you're going to rule out promotions.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์Šน์ง„์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ตฐ์š”.
113:19
Now you just have two options to consider.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์˜ต์…˜์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
113:22
So they.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€.
113:23
Ruled out any possible lunar effects.
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๋‹ฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
113:26
Lunar is the moon so effects from the moon becauseย  the moon can influence time and tidal bulges.
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๋‹ฌ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์กฐ์„์˜ ์œต๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ฌ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
113:35
I don't know what a bulge is, Iย  assume it's similar to a wave.
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๋ณผ๋ก๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ญ”์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ํŒŒ๋„์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
113:40
And tidal relates to the tide so going when theย  water goes in and out that is called the tide.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์กฐ์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฌผ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ณ  ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ˆ˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
113:49
So tidal bulges in the Earth crust.
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์ง€๊ฐ์— ์กฐ์„ ์œต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
113:53
So this information is just to letย  you know that their calculationย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด
114:00
considered many different factorsย  to understand if they are wrong.
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ํ‹€๋ ธ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
114:07
And they're still saying even ifย  we take all of this into account,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€‹โ€‹์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„,
114:12
consider all of this, the neutrinos areย  still faster than the speed of light.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅด๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
114:18
Let's continue nevertheless the transitionย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์—๋„ ์ „ํ™˜
114:23
word neither the nevertheless is usedย  when you are going to have a contrast.
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์‚ฌ 'neither the nevertheless'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
114:30
So here they're talking about all the reasons whyย  the neutrinos are faster than the speed of light.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
114:36
But now, because I have, nevertheless, Iย  know they're going to introduce evidenceย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
114:42
to say that this might not be trueย  because there has to be a contrast.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
114:47
So this is a transition word usedย  to introduce a contrasting point.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ™˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
114:54
Nevertheless, there's plentyย  of reason to remain skeptical.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํšŒ์˜์ ์ธ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
114:58
Skeptical means I'm not sure if Iย  believe you or I'm not sure if I believe.
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ํšŒ์˜์ ์ด๋ž€ ๋ง์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ฏฟ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชป ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ฏฟ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
115:06
This.
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์ด๊ฒƒ.
115:07
Topic I'm not sure if I believeย  that we can travel through time.
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์ฃผ์ œ ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š”์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
115:12
I'm skeptical, so not sure if theย  person can be trusted or believed.
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์ €๋Š” ํšŒ์˜์ ์ด์–ด์„œ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
115:24
Person or information.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด.
115:26
In this case, it's theย  information they're presenting.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
115:30
Information can be trusted orย  believed, so I'm skeptical.
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์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ €๋Š” ํšŒ์˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
115:35
I'm not sure.
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์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
115:37
According to Harvard University science historianย  Peter Gallison, Einstein, Albert Einstein.
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ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™์ž ํ”ผํ„ฐ ๊ฐค๋ฆฌ์Šจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ, ์•Œ๋ฒ ๋ฅดํŠธ ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ.
115:44
Of course, Einstein's relativity theory hasย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ ์ด๋ก ์€
115:48
been pushed harder than any theory inย  the history of the physical sciences.
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋ก ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
115:53
Pushed harder than It means that every scientistย  has tried to prove that his theory is not correct,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ
116:03
so they've pushed his theory harder than anyย  theory in the history of the physical sciences.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋ก ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
116:09
Yet each prior challenge, prior means previous.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์ „์˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š” ์ด์ „์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
116:13
So each challenge that hadย  previously happened prior, previous.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ „์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋„์ „์€ ์ด์ „์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
116:20
You see this a lot in job interviews.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ์ทจ์—… ๋ฉด์ ‘์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
116:23
Do you have any prior experience?
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์ด์ „ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
116:26
Do you have any previous experience?
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์ด์ „์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
116:29
So let me write that for you.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์จ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
116:31
Do you have any prior experience in Excel?
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Excel์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
116:39
So Excel is a Microsoftย  software for organizing data.
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Excel์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ Microsoft ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
116:44
Do you have any prior experience in Excel?
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Excel์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
116:46
Do you have any previous experience yet?
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์ด์ „์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
116:49
Each prior challenge has come to no avail.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์ „์€ ์•„๋ฌด ์†Œ์šฉ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
116:54
So remember I said they've tried to prove thatย  Einstein's theory is inaccurate or incorrect,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์ด ๋ถ€์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋ฌด
117:00
but it's come to no avail, whichย  means they have not been successful.
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์†Œ์šฉ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑธ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ฆ‰, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
117:06
So no avail means not successful.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ '๋ฌดํšจ'๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
117:12
Let's review this example.
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์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
117:14
I asked my boss for a promotion but to no avail.
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์‚ฌ์žฅ๋‹˜๊ป˜ ์Šน์ง„์„ ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์†Œ์šฉ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
117:17
So notice the expression is to noย  avail and this means not successful.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์€ 'to no avail'์ด๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” '์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
117:24
So I didn't get the promotion.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์Šน์ง„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
117:26
My boss said no, but to no avail.
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์‚ฌ์žฅ๋‹˜์€ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•˜์…จ์ง€๋งŒ ์†Œ์šฉ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
117:29
I'm hopeful he'll reconsider.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
117:32
I'm hopeful that's just another wayย  of saying I hope he'll reconsider.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
117:37
So remember, we talked about this, consider itย  again and change his decision, but he's skeptical.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํšŒ์˜์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
117:45
I don't know.
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๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
117:46
I'm not sure if Jennifer's ready for a promotion.
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์ œ๋‹ˆํผ๊ฐ€ ์Šน์ง„ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
117:51
He's.
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๊ทธ๋Š”.
117:52
Skeptical that I'm ready forย  a management position so.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ง์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ์ง€ ํšŒ์˜์  ์ด์—์š”.
117:55
Here we used.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
117:56
A lot of expressions in oneย  thought, one advanced thought.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ ์†์— ๋งŽ์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ๋‹ด๊ฒจ ์žˆ๊ณ  , ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ง„๋ณด๋œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
118:02
Let's continue.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
118:04
So is time travel just around the corner?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฝ”์•ž์— ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜จ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
118:08
When something is just around the corner,ย  it means happening soon, happening soon.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฝ”์•ž์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณง ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ผ, ๊ณง ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ผ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
118:15
So you could say my vacation is justย  around the corner happening soon.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ œ ํœด๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ณง ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
118:22
So is time travel happening soonย  just around the corner the prospect.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์ด ๋จธ์ง€์•Š์•„ ์‹คํ˜„๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ „๋ง์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
118:27
So the prospect is the idea that timeย  travel is just around the corner.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฝ”์•ž์— ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ „๋ง์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
118:33
The prospect has certainly been wrenchedย  much closer to the realm of possibility.
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๊ทธ ์ „๋ง์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์— ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
118:39
This simply means moved closer to the realm ofย  possibility, meaning that something is possible.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์— ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ , ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
118:48
So a simple way of saying this is the prospectย  has certainly been moved towards possibility.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
118:59
Now that a major physicalย  hurdle, a hurdle is an obstacle,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์€ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ, ์ฆ‰
119:05
something that prevents you from achieving a goal.
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๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
119:09
So an obstacle, hurdle,ย  obstacle, the speed of light.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ, ํ—ˆ๋“ค, ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ, ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„.
119:14
So this is the obstacle, the hurdleย  for time travel, the fact that.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์˜ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์ด์ž ๊ฑธ๋ฆผ๋Œ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
119:21
We.
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119:21
Need to travel faster than the speed ofย  light, and so far nothing has traveledย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ. ๋น›
์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ , ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜๊ธฐ
119:28
faster than the speed of light untilย  these neutrinos has been cleared.
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์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
119:34
So to clear the hurdle means toย  get rid of it, to eliminate it.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์—†์• ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
119:39
If particles, these neutrinos, ifย  particles can travel faster than light,ย ย 
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋น›๋ณด๋‹ค ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
119:44
in theory, traveling back in time is possible.
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์ด๋ก ์ƒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
119:49
That's unthinkable, isn't it?
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ž–์•„์š”?
119:52
How anyone harnesses that to harness somethingย  is when you use something successfully.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
119:59
To use something successfully,ย  use something successfully.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
120:05
For example, we have.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
120:08
Now harnessed the power ofย  the sun through solar panels.
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์ด์ œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ํŒจ๋„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํƒœ์–‘์˜ ํž˜์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
120:14
So you put a solar panel on the roof of your houseย  and it harnesses the sun, the energy of the sun.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง‘ ์ง€๋ถ•์— ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ํŒจ๋„์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ํƒœ์–‘์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด
120:22
It uses that energy successfullyย  by then heating your house.
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๊ทธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง‘์„ ๋ฅํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
120:28
So we've already harnessedย  many things in our environment.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
120:32
Why not time travel?
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์€ ์™œ ์•ˆ ๋ ๊นŒ?
120:35
How anyone harnesses that?
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
120:37
So how anyone uses time travel successfully toย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ์–ด๋–ค ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
120:43
some kind of helpful end is far beyondย  the scope of any modern technologies.
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ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋„˜์–ด์„  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
120:50
OK, so far beyond the scope of.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„ฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
120:53
When something is beyond the scope of, it meansย  that it is not included in, not included in.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
121:04
For example, teaching you aboutย  Einstein's theory of relativityย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ ์ด๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
121:09
is beyond the scope of this lesson, whichย  means it's not included in this lesson.
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
121:15
It doesn't mean it's not important, it'sย  just beyond the scope of this lesson.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
121:21
It's not included in this lesson.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ˆ˜์—…์—๋Š” ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
121:23
So it's beyond the scope of any modern technology,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
121:26
however, and will be left toย  future generations to explore.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ
121:32
When you leave somethingย  to someone, it means that.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ๋ ค์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
121:38
You give the.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ค€๋‹ค.
121:39
Responsibility to someone else.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„.
121:42
So the future generations now have theย  responsibility to take the informationย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋Š” ์ด์ œ
121:48
from this article, the fact that these neutrinosย  can travel faster than the speed of light and tryย ย 
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์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ 
121:55
to harness that, try to turn it into somethingย  tangible that we can use and benefit from.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
122:04
So that's not our responsibility.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
122:06
We're going to leave.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋– ๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
122:07
That to future generations to explore.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํƒํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก์š”.
122:11
So that's the end of the article.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
122:14
What I'll do now is I'll go to theย  beginning and I'll read the articleย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
122:19
from start to finish and this timeย  you can focus on my pronunciation.
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์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ์ œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
122:24
Time travel Time travel took a small step awayย ย 
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์€
122:28
from science fiction and towardsย  science recently when physicistsย ย 
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์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋ผ๊ณ 
122:33
discovered that subatomic particles knownย  as neutrinos can exceed the speed of light.
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์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์•„์›์ž ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณต์ƒ ๊ณผํ•™์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ๊ณผํ•™์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋” ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
122:39
The unassuming particle, it is electricallyย  neutral, small but with a non 0 mass, and able toย ย 
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์ „๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด 0์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ,
122:46
penetrate the human form undetected, is on its wayย  to becoming a rock star of the scientific world.
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๊ฐ์ง€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ธ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๊ฒธ์†ํ•œ ์ž…์ž๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™๊ณ„์˜ ๋ก ์Šคํƒ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
122:54
Researchers in Geneva sent the neutrinosย  hurtling through an underground corridorย ย 
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์ œ๋„ค๋ฐ”์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ•˜ ๋ณต๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
122:59
toward their colleagues 730ย  kilometers away in Italy.
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730km ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
123:04
The neutrinos arrived promptly.
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์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋Š” ๊ณง๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
123:07
So promptly, in fact, that they triggeredย  what scientists are calling the unthinkable,ย ย 
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ, ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ,
123:13
that everything they have learned, known,ย ย 
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123:15
or taught stemming from the last 100 years of theย  physics discipline may need to be reconsidered.
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์ง€๋‚œ 100๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์› ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•Œ์•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นœ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
123:23
The issue at stake is a tiny segment of time,ย ย 
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๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„,
123:27
precisely 60 nanoseconds, whichย  is 60 billionths of a second.
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ 60๋‚˜๋…ธ์ดˆ, ์ฆ‰ 10์–ต ๋ถ„์˜ 60์ดˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
123:33
This is how much faster thanย  the speed of light the neutrinosย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋•…์†์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ 
123:38
managed to go in their undergroundย  travels, and at a consistent rate.
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์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
123:43
Even allowing for a margin ofย  error of 10 billionths of a second,ย ย 
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100์–ต ๋ถ„์˜ 1์ดˆ ์˜ค์ฐจ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
123:48
this stands as proof that it isย  possible to race against light and win.
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์ด๋Š” ๋น›๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
123:54
The duration of the experimentย  also accounted for and ruledย ย 
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์‹คํ—˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
123:58
out any possible lunar effects orย  tidal bulges in the Earth's crust.
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๋‹ฌ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ง€๊ฐ์˜ ์กฐ์„ ์œต๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
124:05
Nevertheless, there's plentyย  of reason to remain skeptical.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํšŒ์˜์ ์ธ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
124:10
According to Harvard University science historianย  Peter Gallison, Einstein's relativity theory hasย ย 
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ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™์ž ํ”ผํ„ฐ ๊ฐค๋ฆฌ์Šจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ ์ด๋ก ์€
124:17
been pushed harder than any theory inย  the history of the physical sciences.
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋ก ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
124:23
Yet each prior challenge has come to no avail,ย  and relativity has so far refused to buckle.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์ „์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์ „์€ ์†Œ์šฉ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ ์ด๋ก ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ”๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
124:30
So is time travel just around the corner?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฝ”์•ž์— ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜จ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”? ์ด์ œ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์ธ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ทน๋ณต๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
124:33
The prospect has certainly been wrenchedย  much closer to the realm of possibilityย ย 
1742
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „๋ง์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์— ํ•œ ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
124:38
now that a major physical hurdle,ย  the speed of light, has been cleared.
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.
124:44
If particles can travel faster than light, inย  theory, traveling back in time is possible.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋น›๋ณด๋‹ค ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋ก ์ƒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
124:50
How anyone harnesses that to some kindย  of helpful end is far beyond the scope ofย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ค ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ฉฐ
124:56
any modern technologies, however, and willย  be left to future generations to explore.
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, ์ด๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
125:02
Now let's focus on listening.
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์ด์ œ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
125:05
You'll test your listening skillsย  of fast English in this lesson.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒญ์ทจ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•ด ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
125:10
You'll listen to a video clipย  of a fast speaking native,ย ย 
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์˜ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ํด๋ฆฝ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ ,
125:14
and you need to complete the missing words.
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๋น ์ง„ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
125:17
You'll listen to each clip twice.
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๊ฐ ํด๋ฆฝ์„ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
125:20
Are you ready for the first clip?
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
125:22
Remember, you need to fill in the missing words.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ๋น ์ง„ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ฑ„์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ๋•Œ
125:25
It's worth mentioning we're goingย  to have to be pretty frank aboutย ย 
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125:28
the human body and some of the moreย  icky parts when studying outbreaks.
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์ธ์ฒด์™€ ์ข€ ๋” ๋ถˆ์พŒํ•œ ๋ถ€์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฝค ์†”์งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ๋•Œ
125:32
It's worth mentioning we're goingย  to have to be pretty frank aboutย ย 
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125:34
the human body and some of the moreย  icky parts when studying outbreaks.
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์ธ์ฒด์™€ ์ข€ ๋” ๋ถˆ์พŒํ•œ ๋ถ€์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฝค ์†”์งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
125:38
How'd you do it?
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125:38
This one?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด?
์ด๊ฑฐ์š”?
125:39
She said.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ๋•Œ
125:40
It's worth mentioning we're goingย  to have to be pretty frank aboutย ย 
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125:46
the human body and some of the moreย  icky parts when studying outbreaks.
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์ธ์ฒด์™€ ์ข€ ๋” ๋ถˆ์พŒํ•œ ๋ถ€์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฝค ์†”์งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ•ด
125:53
Did you get that?
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ํ•˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
125:54
Let's review the pronunciation.
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๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ฃ .
125:56
So notice were native speakersย  like using contractions and weย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
126:01
pronounce them in an unstressed way.
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์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์„ธ ์—†์ด ๋ฐœ์Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
126:03
Were were this is of course,ย  we are now she said going to.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๊ณณ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
126:10
But as you may know, native speakersย  commonly reduce going to as gonna gonna.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ going to๋ฅผ gonna going์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
126:18
But this is in spoken English only.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ง๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋กœ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
126:22
Now native speakers also combine sounds together.
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์ด์ œ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด ํ™”์ž๋„ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
126:26
So here we have some of the instead ofย  saying of, you can just do an unstressed,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š”,
126:33
uh, Suma sum of the some of the so itย  sounds like one word repeat after me.
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์–ด, ์ผ๋ถ€์˜ ์ˆ˜๋งˆ ํ•ฉ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งˆ์น˜ ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
126:40
Some of the let's talk aboutย  some grammar and vocabulary.
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์ด์ œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์–ดํœ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
126:45
Notice one of your missing words was mentioning,ย  and that's because to be worse plus gerund verb.
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๋น ์ง„ ๋‹จ์–ด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ to be worse์™€ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์“ฐ์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
126:53
So I wanted to remind youย  or perhaps help you learnย ย 
1775
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜
126:58
that you need the gerund with this expression.
1776
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์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์—์„œ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜น์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
127:01
So worth is a gerund verbย  to be worth doing something.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ worth๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
127:07
For example, it's worth toย  be it is as a contraction.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
127:12
It's worth subscribing to J Forrest English now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ J Forrest English๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
127:17
If.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์—.
127:18
A friend asks you should Iย  subscribe to J Forrest English?
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์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ J Forrest English๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋„ค์š”.
127:23
You can say yes, it's worth it.
1782
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๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
127:27
It's worth it.
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๊ทธ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
127:29
What's the IT It's worth subscribing.
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IT๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
127:32
So it represents the gerund.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
127:34
It's worth subscribing.
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๊ตฌ๋…ํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
127:36
And if you want to sound likeย  a native, you can add totally.
1787
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3840
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
127:40
It's totally worth it.
1788
7660000
1720
์ •๋ง ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
127:41
It's totally worth it.
1789
7661720
1560
์ •๋ง ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
127:43
Do you agree with that?
1790
7663280
1320
๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ์ด์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
127:44
If you do put that's right, that'sย  right, but that's right in the comments.
1791
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4400
๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์˜ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ ํžŒ ๋Œ€๋กœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
127:49
And don't worry about taking notes becauseย  I summarize everything in a free lesson PDF.
1792
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์—… PDF๋กœ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
127:53
You can find the link in the description.
1793
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2240
์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
127:55
Let's talk about to be frank, frank.
1794
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์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ, ์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด ๋ณด์ฃ .
127:59
This means to speak honestly, directly orย  openly, often about something uncomfortable.
1795
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์ด๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๋ถˆํŽธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์†”์งํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง์ ‘์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
128:07
We often use this to start a sentence.
1796
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
128:09
To be frank, I thought youย  were rude to your mother,ย ย 
1797
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์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด๋ก€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
128:13
so that might be something that'sย  uncomfortable to tell someone.
1798
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•œ ๋ง์ด์—ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
128:17
And she used pretty to be pretty frank.
1799
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ „์—๋Š” ๊ฝค ์†”์งํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
128:20
This is simply an intensifier.
1800
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์–ด์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
128:23
Now, did you hear the word icky?
1801
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์—ญ๊ฒน๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
128:26
Icky.
1802
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1120
์—ญ๊ฒน๋‹ค.
128:27
This is an informal way of somethingย  as unpleasant, gross, or distasteful.
1803
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ์พŒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์—ญ๊ฒน๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ง›์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
128:33
Cleaning the bathroom.
1804
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์š•์‹ค ์ฒญ์†Œ.
128:35
Oh, it's so icky, wouldn't you agree?
1805
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์•„, ์ •๋ง ์—ญ๊ฒน์ฃ . ๋™์˜ํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
128:38
Or you could say you haveย  some icky stuff on your shirt.
1806
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์…”์ธ ์— ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์—ญ๊ฒจ์šด ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌป์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
128:43
Some gross stuff.
1807
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์ •๋ง ์—ญ๊ฒน์ฃ .
128:44
Are you ready for your next listening exercise?
1808
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ฒญ์ทจ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
128:47
Remember, you need to complete the missing words.
1809
7727280
3000
๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
128:50
You'll hear it twice.
1810
7730280
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
128:51
I've got a level with you.
1811
7731440
194
128:51
Before we started making this movie, I'dย  never been on a pair of skis in my life.
1812
7731634
604
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋™๋“ฑํ•ด์š”.
์ด ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€, ์ €๋Š” ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ์Šคํ‚ค๋ฅผ ํƒ€ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ
128:52
I've got a level with you beforeย  we started making this movie.
1813
7732238
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์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š” .
128:54
I'd never been on a pair of skis in my life.
1814
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์ €๋Š” ํ‰์ƒ ์Šคํ‚ค๋ฅผ ํƒ€ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
128:59
I'd never been on a pair of skis in my life.
1815
7739280
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์ €๋Š” ํ‰์ƒ ์Šคํ‚ค๋ฅผ ํƒ€ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ
129:04
I've got to level with you beforeย  we started making this movie.
1816
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์ „์— ๋จผ์ € ์†”์งํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์š” .
129:11
I'd never been on a pair of skis in my life.
1817
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์ €๋Š” ํ‰์ƒ ์Šคํ‚ค๋ฅผ ํƒ€ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
129:15
Just like going to becomes gonna gotย  to becomes gotta in spoken English.
1818
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ going to๊ฐ€ gonna got์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
129:24
And again, those contractionsย  which are difficult to hear.
1819
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜, ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ์ˆ˜์ถ•์Œ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š”
129:27
I'd I'd I had a very soft D, I'dย  I'd now instead of saying of youย ย 
1820
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๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด D๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ '
129:36
can reduce that to just simply ah,ย  ah, but then combine them together.
1821
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์•„, ์•„'๋กœ ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ๋‘˜์„ ํ•ฉ์น˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
129:41
Para, para, para skis, Paris skis.
1822
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ํŒŒ๋ผ, ํŒŒ๋ผ, ํŒŒ๋ผ ์Šคํ‚ค, ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ์Šคํ‚ค.
129:46
Now let's talk about those missingย  words to level with someone.
1823
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์ด์ œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ์†”์งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋น ์ง„ ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
129:50
This means to share a surprising or harsh truth.
1824
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์ด๋Š” ๋†€๋ž๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€ํ˜นํ•œ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
129:55
A harsh truth is an uncomfortable truth.
1825
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๊ฐ€ํ˜นํ•œ ์ง„์‹ค์€ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•œ ์ง„์‹ค์ด๋‹ค.
129:59
So you can say I have to level with you.
1826
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์†”์งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
130:04
I don't like ice cream.
1827
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
130:06
Now, Americans commonly say Iย  gotta I got a level with you.
1828
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์ด์ œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€ ํ”ํžˆ "I gotta I got a level with you"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
130:10
I got a level with you.
1829
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
130:13
I have to level with you.
1830
7813560
1880
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์†”์งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
130:15
I got a level with you.
1831
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
130:16
They're the same thing.
1832
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1600
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
130:18
And the fact that I don't like iceย  cream could be a surprising truth.
1833
7818320
4320
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ง„์‹ค์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
130:22
I got a level with you.
1834
7822640
1360
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
130:24
Or you can say I have to level with you.
1835
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์†”์งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
130:26
I got a level with you.
1836
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
130:28
Your performance has beenย  slipping, going down, slipping.
1837
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ณ„์† ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ , ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ , ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
130:33
So this is a harsh truth.
1838
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ด๊ฑด ๊ฐ€ํ˜นํ•œ ์ง„์‹ค์ด์—์š”.
130:35
It's honest and direct.
1839
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์†”์งํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง์„ค์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
130:38
Because of that, you can also use that expression.
1840
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ ํ‘œํ˜„๋„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
130:41
We learned to be frank.
1841
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2160
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†”์งํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
130:43
I have to be frank with you.
1842
7843440
2080
์†”์งํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด,
130:45
Your performance has been slipping.
1843
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๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
130:48
Here's your next listening exercise.
1844
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ฒญ์ทจ ์—ฐ์Šต์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
130:50
You'll hear it twice.
1845
7850800
2000
๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
130:52
I think a lot of people will reflect onย  their previous year and think, you know what?
1846
7852800
5800
๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๋‚œํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๋ฉฐ '์•„์‹œ์ฃ ?'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
130:58
What is the one thing I want to work on?
1847
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ผ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ?
131:00
I think a lot of people will reflectย  on their previous year and think,ย ย 
1848
7860600
5240
๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๋‚œํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๋ฉฐ '
131:05
you know what, what is theย  one thing I want to work on?
1849
7865840
2040
๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ?'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
131:07
How'd you do with this one?
1850
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1040
์ด๊ฑด ์–ด๋•Œ์š”?
131:08
Was it easy or difficult for you?
1851
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2360
๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์‰ฝ๋‚˜์š”, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์–ด๋ ต๋‚˜์š”?
131:11
I think a lot of people will reflectย  on their previous year and think,ย ย 
1852
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๋‚œํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๋ฉฐ '
131:17
you know what, what is theย  one thing I want to work on?
1853
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ?'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
131:22
Let's talk about those pronunciation changes.
1854
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๋ฐœ์Œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— โ€‹โ€‹๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•ด ๋ณด์ฃ .
131:25
A lot of becomes a lotta lotta, a lotta.
1855
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์ด, ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
131:32
Now reflect on because you have that T sound,ย ย 
1856
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์ด์ œ 'T' ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ 'reflect on'์„
131:36
you can transfer it to the nextย  sound and say reflect on, reflect on.
1857
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5360
๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์„œ ' reflect on', 'reflect on'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
131:42
So it sounds like one word.
1858
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋„ค์š”.
131:44
You can do this with work on, work on, work on.
1859
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์ด๊ฑธ ๊ณ„์†, ๊ณ„์†, ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
131:48
So it sounds like one word.
1860
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋„ค์š”. ๊ฐ•์กฐ๊ฐ€
131:50
You know what may have been difficultย  to hear because it becomes unstressed.
1861
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์—†์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์› ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
131:56
Yeah, you know what?
1862
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๋„ค, ์•Œ์•„์š”?
131:57
You know what and want to becomes wanna want to.
1863
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๋ญ˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€์ง€ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒŒ, ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
132:03
Now, I wanted you to pay attentionย  to reflect on and work on.
1864
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐ˜์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
132:07
So you notice those prepositionsย  when you're learning vocabulary.
1865
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋•Œ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ˆˆ์—ฌ๊ฒจ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
132:12
You should also learn the prepositionย  that completes the verb, because if youย ย 
1866
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋„ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
132:17
get the preposition wrong, it won't sound correct.
1867
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ž˜๋ชป ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜ณ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
132:21
So to reflect on something, this means toย  think deeply or carefully about something,ย ย 
1868
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊นŠ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
132:27
usually before making decisions.
1869
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.
132:31
For example, after the meeting, Iย  reflected on the feedback my boss gave me.
1870
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚œ ํ›„, ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค€ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
132:38
Maybe he had to level with you.
1871
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์†”์งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
132:40
Maybe he had to give you some frank feedback,ย ย 
1872
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ
132:44
honest and direct, and you reflectedย  on that, which is a mature thing to do.
1873
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์†”์งํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ˆ™๊ณ ํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ
132:49
Let's talk about you know what, youย  know what, this is an interjection.
1874
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๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์ด๊ฑด ๊ฐํƒ„์‚ฌ์˜ˆ์š”.
132:54
So it's used to introduce a thought, or it'sย  simply to create a pause in a conversation.
1875
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ™” ์ค‘์— ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
133:02
So you can say we should host aย  party for your sister's birthday,ย ย 
1876
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์–ธ๋‹ˆ ์ƒ์ผ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ์—ด์ž๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
133:07
but that might sound very abrupt.
1877
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
133:09
So if you want to transition or create a pause,ย  introduce an idea, you can use an interjection.
1878
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ „ํ™˜์ด๋‚˜ ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ, ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐํƒ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
133:16
You know what?
1879
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์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
133:17
We should host a party for your sister's birthday.
1880
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹  ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ์˜ ์ƒ์ผ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ์—ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
133:20
So by saying you know what,ย ย 
1881
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ
133:22
you get someone's attention and thenย  they're ready to hear your idea.
1882
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์˜ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
133:26
Get ready for the next listening exercise.
1883
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ฒญ์ทจ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
133:28
You'll hear it twice.
1884
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
133:30
Watch this video and get the scoopย  on a little known storytellingย ย 
1885
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ  ๋œ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌํ…”๋ง
133:33
technique that'll crank up theย  believability of your message.
1886
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๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
133:37
Watch this video and get the scoopย  on a little known storytellingย ย 
1887
8017800
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ  ๋œ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌํ…”๋ง
133:41
technique that'll crank up theย  believability of your message.
1888
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๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
133:44
Was this more difficult for you?
1889
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๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋‚˜์š”?
133:47
Watch this video and get the scoopย  on a little known storytellingย ย 
1890
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6360
์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ  ๋œ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌํ…”๋ง
133:53
technique that'll crank up theย  believability of your message.
1891
8033520
7040
๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž ๊น
134:00
Instead of saying scoop on a with pauses,ย ย 
1892
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๋ฉˆ์ถ”์–ด์„œ 'scoop on a'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ , 'scoop on a'๋ฅผ
134:05
you can pronounce this as one word scoop onย  a scoop on a scoop on a scoop on a littleย ย 
1893
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ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'scoop on a' scoop on a' scoop on a' little'์€
134:14
may have been difficult to hear becauseย  that's not how native speakers say it.
1894
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์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
134:18
We say little the the little that'll is aย  contraction of that will, that'll that'll.
1895
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” little์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. little that'll์€ that will, that'll that'll์˜ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
134:28
Let's review the vocabulary.
1896
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์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
134:30
The scoop.
1897
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ํŠน์ข….
134:31
Do you know this one?
1898
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์ด๊ฑฐ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
134:32
This means insider information or theย  latest secret or exclusive details.
1899
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์ด๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์ •๋ณด๋‚˜ ์ตœ์‹  ๋น„๋ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋…์ ์ ์ธ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
134:40
Can you get the scoop onย  who's getting the promotion?
1900
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์Šน์ง„ํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
134:45
So I'm asking you to get the exclusiveย  information or the latest secret details.
1901
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋…์ ์ ์ธ ์ •๋ณด๋‚˜ ์ตœ์‹  ๋น„๋ฐ€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
134:53
Or I could ask what what'sย  the scoop on the promotion?
1902
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจ์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ์‹  ์†Œ์‹์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
134:57
Do you know the latest details?
1903
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์ตœ์‹  ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
134:59
Or I could say, who knowsย  this scoop on the promotion?
1904
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด, ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจ์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠน์ข…์„ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
135:04
So who has the secret or latest details?
1905
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ ๋น„๋ฐ€์ด๋‚˜ ์ตœ์‹  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
135:09
What if I said to you, oh, it'sย  cold in here, crank up the heat.
1906
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ "์•„, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ถ”์›Œ์š”, ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์„ ์ข€ ์ผœ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
135:15
What would you do to the heat?
1907
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๋”์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?
135:17
Or how about I love this song,ย  crank it up, crank it up.
1908
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ด ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด, ๋ณผ๋ฅจ์„ ๋†’์—ฌ, ๋†’์—ฌ๋ด.
135:22
What would you do?
1909
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
135:23
To crank up means to increase theย  intensity, volume or level of something.
1910
8123520
7240
ํฌ๋žญํฌ ์—…์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„, ๋ณผ๋ฅจ ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
135:30
Now, in this case, the something wasย  the believability, which is a noun.
1911
8130760
5560
์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—, ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ธ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
135:36
And this is the quality or state ofย  being believable, which is the adjective.
1912
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5920
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋ฉฐ , ์ด๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
135:42
So to be believable, I could say to my and youย  didn't win the lottery, you were so believable.
1913
8142240
7280
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ํ…๋ฐ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ณต๊ถŒ์— ๋‹น์ฒจ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
135:49
I believed my friend because she's believable.
1914
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4360
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.
135:53
Or I could say to be frank, theย  story lacked, lacked believability.
1915
8153880
6400
์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ, ๊ทธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€์กฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
136:00
So it lacked the quality of being believable.
1916
8160280
4600
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํ•œ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
136:04
Or I could say I have to level with you.
1917
8164880
2680
์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์†”์งํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
136:07
I got a level with you.
1918
8167560
1680
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
136:09
The story lacked believability.
1919
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2680
๊ทธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.
136:11
So look for ways you can mix and matchย  all the vocabulary that you're learning.
1920
8171920
5000
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์„ž์–ด์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š” .
136:16
One more listening exercise.
1921
8176920
1800
์ฒญ์ทจ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
136:18
You'll hear it twice.
1922
8178720
1720
๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
136:20
All right, we've been planning for months.
1923
8180440
1280
์ข‹์•„์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์› ์–ด์š”.
136:21
Let's do it.
1924
8181720
520
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ž.
136:22
It's go time.
1925
8182240
1400
์ด์ œ ์ถœ๋ฐœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
136:23
All right, we've been planning for months.
1926
8183640
1280
์ข‹์•„์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์› ์–ด์š”.
136:24
Let's do it.
1927
8184920
520
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ž.
136:25
It's go time.
1928
8185440
1040
์ด์ œ ์ถœ๋ฐœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
136:26
Did you get that first word?
1929
8186480
1920
์ฒซ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋“ค์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
136:28
All right, we've been planning for months.
1930
8188400
3640
์ข‹์•„์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์› ์–ด์š”.
136:32
Let's do it.
1931
8192040
1319
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ž.
136:33
It's go time now.
1932
8193359
1921
์ด์ œ ์ถœ๋ฐœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ์ค„์ด๋ฉด
136:35
You may not have heard that firstย  word again because of reducing sounds.
1933
8195280
5000
์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
136:40
So instead of saying all right, native speakersย  commonly say, ah, all right, all right, all right.
1934
8200280
7520
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์—, ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ํ”ํžˆ "์•„, ์•Œ์•˜์–ด, ์•Œ์•˜์–ด, ์•Œ์•˜์–ด"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
136:47
So it can be very unstressedย  or a little bit unstressed.
1935
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3760
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
136:51
It depends on the speaker.
1936
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1480
์ด๋Š” ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
136:53
This one was quite unstressed.
1937
8213040
2279
์ด๊ฑด ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
136:55
We've we've is of course, we have or sounds likeย ย 
1938
8215319
5240
We've we've๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ณ , We have ๋˜๋Š”
137:00
Fer Fer very unstressed and doย  it to get rid of that pause.
1939
8220560
6561
Fer Fer์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฉˆ์ถค์„ ์—†์• ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
137:07
You can add a very soft do it, do it, do it.
1940
8227120
6080
๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ 'Do it, Do it, Do it'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
137:13
But when you say it as oneย  word, you don't hear it.
1941
8233200
3000
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
137:16
Do it, do it, do it.
1942
8236200
2479
ํ•ด, ํ•ด, ํ•ด.
137:18
All right is used as both anย  interjection or confirmation.
1943
8238680
5160
All right๋Š” ๊ฐํƒ„์‚ฌ์™€ ํ™•์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
137:23
So if someone says let's meet at 2:00 to discussย  the project, you can say all right to confirm,ย ย 
1944
8243840
7479
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜คํ›„ 2์‹œ์— ๋งŒ๋‚˜์ž๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด , "์ข‹์•„์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™•์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , "
137:31
or you can start the discussion by saying,ย  all right, let's review the sales reports.
1945
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5761
์ข‹์•„์š”, ํŒ๋งค ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด์ž"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
137:37
So in this case, it's an interjection.
1946
8257080
2080
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฐํƒ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
137:39
It gets attention and it signals readiness.
1947
8259160
3199
์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ๊ณ  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
137:42
To start.
1948
8262359
960
์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด.
137:43
Let's look at let's do it.
1949
8263319
2000
ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ฃ .
137:45
I say this a lot, so maybeย  you've heard it from me.
1950
8265319
3200
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ง์„ ์ž์ฃผ ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์•„๋งˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์ œ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
137:48
This is an informal way toย  signal readiness to act.
1951
8268520
4601
์ด๋Š” ํ–‰๋™ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
137:53
I could say today you'll learn 20 phrasal verbs.
1952
8273120
3399
์˜ค๋Š˜์€ 20๊ฐœ์˜ ์–ด๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
137:56
Are you ready?
1953
8276520
1721
์ค€๋น„๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
137:58
And you can reply back and say, let's do it.
1954
8278240
3079
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹ต์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์„œ, ํ•ด๋ณด์ž๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
138:01
Let's do it, Jennifer.
1955
8281319
1440
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ž, ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ.
138:02
Or your friend could ask you, shouldย  we sign up for that cooking class?
1956
8282760
3840
์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์š”๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋“ฑ๋กํ• ๊นŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
138:06
And you say, let's do it, let's do it.
1957
8286600
3280
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋ณด์ž, ํ•ด๋ณด์ž. ์ด์ œ
138:09
Let's look at it's go time.
1958
8289880
2240
์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž.
138:12
I love this one.
1959
8292120
880
์ด๊ฑฐ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹๋„ค์š”.
138:13
This is an informal way toย  say now is the time to act.
1960
8293000
4600
์ด๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด ํ–‰๋™ํ•  ๋•Œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
138:17
This is the moment we've been waiting for.
1961
8297600
2720
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์˜จ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
138:20
And it's commonly used with aย  lot of energy and excitement,ย ย 
1962
8300319
4160
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ง์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ํฅ๋ถ„์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ๋•Œ ํ”ํžˆ ์“ฐ์ด๊ธฐ
138:24
so you can imagine before a sports game or aย  big presentation, someone says it's go time.
1963
8304479
6880
๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜ ์ „์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ "๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด์•ผ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
138:31
Now let's focus on writing.
1964
8311359
2120
์ด์ œ ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ผญ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ• 
138:33
You'll learn the 10 spellingย  rules you need to know.
1965
8313479
4440
์ฒ ์ž ๊ทœ์น™ 10๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ๋ณด์„ธ์š” .
138:37
Let's review a short sentence and see ifย  you can identify the spelling mistakes.
1966
8317920
6320
์งง์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ์ฒ ์ž ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
138:44
Jennifer, I really want to improve my writingย  so I can pass the written section of the exam.
1967
8324240
7319
์ œ๋‹ˆํผ, ์ €๋Š” ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ œ ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ํ•„๊ธฐ ์‹œํ—˜์˜ ํ•„๊ธฐ ์‹œํ—˜์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
138:51
Now in this short sentence,ย  there are 4 spelling mistakes.
1968
8331560
4760
์ด ์งง์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” ์ฒ ์ž ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ 4๊ฐœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
138:56
Pause this video, take as much time as youย  need and see if you can identify all four.
1969
8336319
7400
์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ์ผ์‹œ ์ •์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์–ด ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
139:03
So could you get all four?
1970
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2521
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋„ค ๊ฐœ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
139:06
Here they are.
1971
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1239
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
139:07
Did you notice that my name was spelled wrong?
1972
8347479
3920
์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์ž˜๋ชป ์ ํžŒ ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ ธ๋‚˜์š”?
139:11
Now, for proper nouns, names of people orย  places, you simply need to memorize them.
1973
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์ด์ œ ๊ณ ์œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ด๋ฆ„ ๋˜๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์™ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
139:18
But in your exam or in anything you're writingย  for business purposes or other purposes,ย ย 
1974
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7239
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œํ—˜์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ๋Š”
139:25
it's very common that you'll use proper nouns.
1975
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4000
๊ณ ์œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
139:29
You don't want to misspell the name of aย  company if you're applying to that position.
1976
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ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง์œ„์— ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ž˜๋ชป ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
139:36
So just make sure that you memorize the names ofย  the proper nouns that you you use in your writing.
1977
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๊ผญ ์•”๊ธฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
139:43
Did you get that I was spelled incorrectly?
1978
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์ œ ์ฒ ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•„์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
139:48
Now this is a spelling mistake because the subjectย ย 
1979
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2760
์ด๊ฑด ์ฒ ์ž ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์–ด
139:50
I is always capitalized and it's a mistakeย  if you see the subject I in lower form.
1980
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8360
I๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ฃผ์–ด I๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ์“ฐ์ด๋ฉด ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
139:59
Let's review these examples.
1981
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1680
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
140:00
I went to the store.
1982
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1640
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
140:02
So in this case I.
1983
8402560
2601
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” I.๋กœ
140:05
Begins the sentence.
1984
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1520
๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
140:06
So it's capitalized, but it's also capitalizedย  because the subject I is always capitalized,ย ย 
1985
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6360
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฃผ์–ด I๋Š”
140:13
no matter what place it is in the sentence.
1986
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2760
๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ๋“  ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
140:15
Mark and I went to the store.
1987
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2200
๋งˆํฌ์™€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
140:18
You still capitalize I because it's a subject.
1988
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3399
I๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
140:21
Today I'm going to the store.
1989
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2521
์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๊ฐ€์š”.
140:23
Even in a contracted form, I is stillย  a subject, so you capitalize it.
1990
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6040
์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ผ์ง€๋ผ๋„ I๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ฃผ์–ด์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
140:29
Don't make this mistake for yourย  IELTS, your TOEFL, or business writing.
1991
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5840
IELTS, TOEFL ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ โ€‹โ€‹์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
140:35
Now don't worry about writing downย  these notes because I summarizeย ย 
1992
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋…ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋Š”
140:39
everything in a free lesson PDF so youย  can find the link in the description.
1993
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์—… PDF๋กœ ์š”์•ฝํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. T๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜
140:44
Writing is spelled wrong because there is onlyย  one T but notice how the word right ends in an E.
1994
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๋ฟ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฒ ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ‹€๋ ธ์ง€๋งŒ, right๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ E๋กœ ๋๋‚œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
140:54
But then when you add your suffix ING, youย  remove that final E before adding the ING.
1995
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ ‘๋ฏธ์‚ฌ ING๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ผ ๋•Œ๋Š” ING๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ E๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
141:01
This is done when the final E is silent.
1996
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์ด๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ E๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
141:05
So ride becomes riding, you removeย  that E, dance becomes dancing,ย ย 
1997
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ride๋Š” riding์ด ๋˜๊ณ , E๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ฉด dance๋Š” dancing์ด ๋˜๊ณ ,
141:12
create creating, move, moving, smile, smiling.
1998
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creating creating, move, moving, smile, smile.
141:19
Notice how written was spelled incorrectlyย  because there was only 1 T so right in INGย ย 
1999
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written์—์„œ๋Š” T๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ 1๊ฐœ๋งŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ž˜๋ชป ์ฒ ์ž๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ING
141:27
form you only use 1T, but written you needย  2T's so you double the final consonant.
2000
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ํ˜•ํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š” T๋ฅผ 1๊ฐœ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ written์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ž์Œ์„ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์“ฐ๋„๋ก T๊ฐ€ 2๊ฐœ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
141:37
This generally happens when you add a suffix,ย  and it happens when you have one vowel plus oneย ย 
2001
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๋ฏธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‹จ์–ด ๋์— ๋ชจ์Œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์™€ ์ž์Œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
141:46
consonant at the end of a word, and theย  stress is on the last part of the word.
2002
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๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
141:54
For one syllable words, there is no stress.
2003
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ํ•œ ์Œ์ ˆ ๋‹จ์–ด์—๋Š” ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
141:57
Like right, one syllable, there's no stress.
2004
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3200
๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ , ํ•œ ์Œ์ ˆ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
142:01
For example, the verb hop, so oneย  syllable, so there's no stress.
2005
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4880
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ 'hop'์€ ํ•œ ์Œ์ ˆ์ด์–ด์„œ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
142:06
But notice we have one vowel,ย  the O1 consonant the P.
2006
8526000
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ์Œ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฟ์ธ O1 ์ž์Œ P๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
142:11
So we double the final consonant, the P beforeย  you add the suffix and it becomes hopping.
2007
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8640
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ ‘๋ฏธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ž์Œ P๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์“ฐ๋ฉด hopping์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
142:21
But don't confuse this with the verb hope to hopeย  because you have that final E silent E on hope.
2008
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8521
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ hope to hope๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. hope์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ E๋Š” ๋ฌต์Œ E์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
142:29
So you remove that silent E beforeย  you add the ING hopping hopping,ย ย 
2009
8549840
7479
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ING๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ฌด์Œ E๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”. hopping hopping,
142:37
stop, stopped in the Ed is your suffix.
2010
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stop, marked in Ed๊ฐ€ ์ ‘๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
142:41
You double the consonant.
2011
8561080
1640
์ž์Œ์„ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
142:42
Jog, jogging, plan, planning, bag, bagging.
2012
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5280
์กฐ๊น…, ์กฐ๊น…, ๊ณ„ํš, ๊ณ„ํš, ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ, ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ ๋„ฃ๊ธฐ.
142:48
Now technically this ruleย  doesn't apply to the verb, right?
2013
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด ๊ทœ์น™์€ ๋™์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ์ ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ ?
142:53
Because it isn't 1 vowel plus oneย  consonant, it ends on a vowel E,ย ย 
2014
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5800
1๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจ์Œ๊ณผ 1๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ชจ์Œ E, ์ฆ‰
142:58
the silent E But this double consonant ruleย  applies only in EN form with the suffix EN.
2015
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๋ฌด์Œ E๋กœ ๋๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ์ด์ค‘ ์ž์Œ ๊ทœ์น™์€ ์ ‘๋ฏธ์‚ฌ EN์ด ๋ถ™์€ EN ํ˜•ํƒœ์—๋งŒ ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
143:07
So you can simply memorize this as an exception.
2016
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋กœ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์•”๊ธฐํ•ด ๋‘๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
143:13
And exceptions happen a lot in English spelling,ย  so you have to understand that these are generalย ย 
2017
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜์–ด ์ฒ ์ž์—๋Š” ์˜ˆ์™ธ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ง€์นจ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ
143:21
guidelines, but there are many exceptions, and aย  lot of English spelling is simply memorization.
2018
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋„ ๋งŽ๊ณ  ์˜์–ด ์ฒ ์ž์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์•”๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
143:29
Let's review some common exceptions to this rule.
2019
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์ด ๊ทœ์น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
143:33
And don't worry, everything is summarized in thatย  PDF, along with more common exceptions as well.
2020
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๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ํ•ด๋‹น PDF์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์š”์•ฝ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ , ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์™ธ ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
143:39
Mix, edit, visit, happen, Limit, benefit.
2021
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ํ˜ผํ•ฉ, ํŽธ์ง‘, ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ, ๋ฐœ์ƒ, ์ œํ•œ, ์ด์ .
143:46
Again, it's simply memorization.
2022
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3601
๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด์„œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์•”๊ธฐ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
143:50
Now let's move on to your next spelling test.
2023
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฒ ์ž ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
143:54
Let's review this short paragraph.
2024
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์ด ์งง์€ ๋ฌธ๋‹จ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
143:56
I visited the chief briefly to discuss theย  weird foreign smell coming from the field.
2025
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7439
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋“คํŒ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์™ธ๊ตญ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž ์‹œ ์กฑ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
144:04
I stopped to smell it when I was jogging.
2026
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์กฐ๊น…์„ ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ๋งก์•„๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ๋ฉˆ์ท„์–ด์š”.
144:07
Oh, this one has 8 spelling mistakes.
2027
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์˜ค, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ฒ ์ž ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ 8๊ฐœ๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
144:10
Can you identify the mall?
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์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
144:12
Pause the video, take as much time as youย  need, and when you're ready, hit play.
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์˜์ƒ์„ ์ผ์‹œ ์ •์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋“ค์ธ ํ›„ , ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
144:17
So how many could you get?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋‚˜ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
144:19
Here are the mistakes.
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
144:21
Remember that visit was an exceptionย  to the double consonant rule,ย ย 
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visit์€ ์ด์ค‘ ์ž์Œ ๊ทœ์น™์˜ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์˜€์ง€๋งŒ
144:26
but stop and jog were not exceptions,ย  so you need to double that consonant.
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stop๊ณผ jog๋Š” ์˜ˆ์™ธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฏ€ ๋กœ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ž์Œ์„ ์ด์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ์จ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
144:33
Come doesn't follow the double consonantย  rule, it follows the silent E rule.
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Come์€ ์ด์ค‘ ์ž์Œ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  , ๋ฌด์Œ E ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
144:39
So you need to remove that final E before youย  add ING and you don't double the consonant.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ING๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ E๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž์Œ์„ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
144:45
All the other mistakes are becauseย  because of the spelling rule,ย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ฒ ์ž ๊ทœ์น™ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
144:49
I before E except after C Repeat that out loud.
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C ๋’ค๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  E ์•ž์— I๊ฐ€ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. E
144:54
I before E except after C And thisย  rule applies to chief, brief, relief,ย ย 
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์•ž์— I๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์ง€๋งŒ C ๋’ค์—๋Š” ๋ถ™์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ทœ์น™์€ chief, brief, relief,
145:03
yield, and believe among many more,ย  which you'll see in the free PDF.
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yield, believe ๋“ฑ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ PDF์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
145:09
But you might be wonderingย  about weird and foreign.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์™ธ๊ตญ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
145:13
Well, there are many exceptions to the I before Eย  except after C rule, and weird and foreign are twoย ย 
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, 'C ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  E ์•ž์— I๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š”' ๊ทœ์น™์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ , ๊ธฐ์ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์™ธ๋ž˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด
145:21
of those exceptions, along with neither science,ย  and their more exceptions are in the free PDF.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ด๊ณ , ๊ณผํ•™์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ PDF์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
145:29
Are you ready for another spelling test?
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฒ ์ž ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ณผ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ณผํ•™์žฅํ•™๊ธˆ์„
145:32
Here's the paragraph I cried when I appliedย  for the science scholarship but didn't get it.
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์‹ ์ฒญํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์šธ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ธ€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
145:40
I guess my study routine wasn'tย  efficient, but now I'm happierย ย 
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์ œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ ๋ฃจํ‹ด์ด ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ , ์ง€๊ธˆ์€
145:45
because I married a beautiful girl whoย  enjoys playing chess as much as I do.
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์ฒด์Šค๋ฅผ ์ €๋งŒํผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•ด์„œ ๋” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ด์š”.
145:52
There are 6 spelling mistakes.
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์ฒ ์ž ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ 6๊ฐœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์‹œ
145:55
Hit pause and see if you can identify them all.
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์ •์ง€ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
145:59
How'd you do?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”?
146:01
Well, here are the mistakes.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
146:03
Did you get them all?
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์–ด?
146:04
Efficient and science are two exceptionsย  to the I before E except after C rule.
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ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™์€ 'C ๋’ค์— I๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฉด E๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜จ๋‹ค'๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
146:12
Again, remember, you just needย  to memorize these exceptions.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ์™ธ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ์•”๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
146:16
Did you notice that lowercase Iย  at the very end as much as I do?
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๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ๋งจ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์— ์†Œ๋ฌธ์ž I๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ˆˆ์—ฌ๊ฒจ๋ณด์•˜๋‚˜์š” ?
146:22
Well, this is a subject I, soย  it needs to be capitalized.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ด๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
146:26
Let's learn a new rule.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ๋ณด์ž.
146:28
Y becomes I before a suffix,ย  but not with the suffix ING.
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์ ‘๋ฏธ์‚ฌ ์•ž์—์„œ๋Š” Y๊ฐ€ I๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ ‘๋ฏธ์‚ฌ ING์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
146:36
This applies to Try Happy,ย  Merry beauty, fly, try pity.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ Try Happy, Merry beauty, Fly, Try Pity์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
146:48
There are many other you'llย  see in the free lesson PDF.
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์—… PDF์—์„œ๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
146:51
But of course there are exceptionsย  that you need to memorize.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์•”๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
146:56
Common exceptions includeย  Enjoy, Play, say, Lay and stay,ย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋กœ๋Š” Enjoy, Play, say, Lay, stay๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
147:04
and notice there's an irregularย  spelling for say and lay in the past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— say์™€ lay๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฒ ์ž๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
147:10
Simple.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ.
147:11
Remember grammar rules.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
147:12
There's a lot of irregular verbs as well.
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๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
147:16
Again, it's just a matter of memorization.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด, ๋‹จ์ง€ ์•”๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
147:20
Let's try one more spelling test.
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์ฒ ์ž ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋” ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
147:23
Are you ready?
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์ค€๋น„๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
147:24
I can't make the party tonight,ย  but I hope to see you tomorrow.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์—๋Š” ์ฐธ์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‚ด์ผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
147:29
I really want to see your cute new puppy.
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์ •๋ง ๊ท€์—ฌ์šด ์ƒˆ๋ผ ๊ฐ•์•„์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
147:32
I have to bite the bullet and useย  my vacation time so I can visit.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์–ด ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜
147:38
I'll be a lot happier whenย  I can take some time off.
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์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š” .
147:41
There are 11 spelling mistakes.
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์ฒ ์ž ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ 11๊ฐœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
147:45
Can you find the mall?
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์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์ผ์‹œ
147:46
Hit pause.
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์ •์ง€ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
147:47
Take as much time as you need.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
147:50
So how many did you find?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜๋‚˜์š”?
147:53
Here are the mistakes.
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
147:55
The double consonant ruleย  applies to really Puppy andย ย 
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์ด์ค‘ ์ž์Œ ๊ทœ์น™์€ really Puppy์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ ,
148:00
bullet I before E except after C applies to happy.
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C ๋’ค๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ E ์•ž์˜ I์€ happy์— ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
148:05
That's why it's happier.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ด์š”.
148:07
Now let's learn one more important spelling rule.
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์ด์ œ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฒ ์ž ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
148:11
You need to add a silent E to singleย  syllable words to make the vowel long.
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๋‹จ์Œ์ ˆ ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋ชจ์Œ์„ ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์—†๋Š” E๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
148:18
So this rule impacts how youย  pronounce the word that E is silent.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๊ทœ์น™์€ E๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
148:24
It affects the length of the vowel.
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๋ชจ์Œ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
148:26
So the verb is to make,ย  which you already knew right?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” make์ธ๋ฐ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ์ฃ ?
148:31
And adding that silent E makes it a long a.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” E๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธด a๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
148:35
So it makes the vowel say its name aย  EIOU, so a that's the vowels name a.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ชจ์Œ์€ ๊ทธ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ aย  EIOU๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  , ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ชจ์Œ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ a๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
148:45
And when you say make, you use the long a make.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  make๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ a make๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
148:50
And this helps you distinguish between 2 wordsย  like hop which is a short vowel and then hope,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์งง์€ ๋ชจ์Œ์ธ hop๊ณผ
148:57
hope, oh hope which is a long vowel.
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๊ธด ๋ชจ์Œ์ธ hope, hope, oh hope์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
149:01
And the same with cut short, cute you cute,ย  long bit, short bite I bite long take.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์งง๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ , ๊ท€์—ฌ์›Œ ๊ท€์—ฌ์›Œ, ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ , ์งง๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋‹ค.
149:13
I'm sure you already know needs that E.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋ฏธ E๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
149:17
And then there's the differenceย  between the name Tim,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Tim์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„๊ณผ
149:20
my friend's name is Tim, and timeย  I time with a long vowel sound.
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์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด Tim์ด๊ณ , ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ๋ชจ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋Š” time์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
149:28
These are the most important spelling rules.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฒ ์ž ๊ทœ์น™์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
149:31
And remember, there are many words that you simplyย  just need to memorize the spelling of that word.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ฒ ์ž๋งŒ ์™ธ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋„ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
149:38
So my best advice to you is when you learn aย  new word, learn how to spell the word correctly.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์กฐ์–ธ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
149:45
Then you'll be doing two things thingsย  at once and you won't need to worryย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
149:50
about learning all of these spelling rules later.
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ฒ ์ž ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
149:53
How about we do one more spellingย  test, and this time is going to beย ย 
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์ฒ ์ž ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋” ํ•ด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”? ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š”
149:58
a good old fashioned spelling testย  where I'm just going to say a word,ย ย 
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๊ณ ์ „์ ์ธ ์ฒ ์ž ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ์ธ๋ฐ์š”, ๋‹จ์–ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ 
150:03
I'll say it three times and then I'll sayย  it in a sentence because it's importantย ย 
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ ๋งํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•ด๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
150:08
to hear it in a sentence so you understandย  context and you need to write down that word.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”. ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
150:14
Put it directly in the comments section.
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์ง์ ‘ ๋Œ“๊ธ€ ์„น์…˜์— ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
150:17
Are you ready for your spelling test?
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์ฒ ์ž ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ณผ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
150:20
Necessary, necessary, necessary.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์š”.
150:24
Learning how to spell is necessary.
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์ฒ ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
150:29
Here's the correct spelling.
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ฒ ์ž๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
150:33
Our next word.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
150:34
Definitely, definitely, definitely.
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๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด์ฃ , ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด์ฃ , ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด์ฃ .
150:39
I'll definitely like this video.
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
150:45
Here's the correct spelling.
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ฒ ์ž๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
150:48
Restaurant, restaurant, restaurant.
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์‹๋‹น, ์‹๋‹น, ์‹๋‹น.
150:53
We went to a restaurant last night.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ์‹๋‹น์— ๊ฐ”์–ด์š”.
150:59
Here's the correct spelling.
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ฒ ์ž๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
151:02
Accommodate, accommodate, Accommodate.
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์ˆ˜์šฉํ•ด, ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•ด, ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•ด.
151:08
I'll try to accommodate your request.
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๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์š”์ฒญ์— ๋ถ€์‘ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
151:13
Here's the correct spelling.
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ฒ ์ž๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
151:16
Occasion, Occasion, Occasion.
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๊ธฐํšŒ, ๊ธฐํšŒ, ๊ธฐํšŒ.
151:22
Do you have address for the special occasion?
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฃผ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
151:27
Here's the correct spelling.
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ฒ ์ž๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
151:29
Parallel.
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ํ‰ํ–‰ํ•œ.
151:31
Parallel, parallel.
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ํ‰ํ–‰, ํ‰ํ–‰.
151:35
I don't know how to parallel park.
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ํ‰ํ–‰ ์ฃผ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
151:39
Here is the correct spelling.
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ฒ ์ž๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
151:42
Embarrass, embarrass, embarrass.
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๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค, ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค, ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค.
151:48
Sometimes you have to embarrass yourself.
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
151:53
Here is the correct spelling.
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ฒ ์ž๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
151:55
February, February, February.
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2์›”, 2์›”, 2์›”.
152:02
I'm going on vacation in February.
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์ €๋Š” 2์›”์— ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
152:06
Here's the correct spelling.
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ฒ ์ž๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
152:09
Separate, separate, separate.
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๋”ฐ๋กœ, ๋”ฐ๋กœ, ๋”ฐ๋กœ.
152:15
We work in separate rooms.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
152:19
Here's the correct spelling.
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ฒ ์ž๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
152:21
Receive, receive, receive.
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๋ฐ›์œผ์„ธ์š”, ๋ฐ›์œผ์„ธ์š”, ๋ฐ›์œผ์„ธ์š”.
152:28
What mark did you receive on this spelling test?
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์ด ์ฒ ์ž ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ์ ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‚˜์š”?
152:33
Here's the correct spelling.
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ฒ ์ž๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
152:35
Did you get that I before E except after C?
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I๋Š” C ๋’ค์— ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ E ์•ž์—๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•˜๋‚˜์š”?
152:39
In this case, the rule applies.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
152:41
And So what mark did youย  get on this spelling test?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ์ฒ ์ž ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ์ ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์–ด์š”?
152:45
And don't worry if your mark was very low.
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์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
152:47
Native speakers struggle with spelling as well.
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๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด ํ™”์ž๋“ค ์—ญ์‹œ ์ฒ ์ž์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
152:50
As you could see the pronunciationย  and the spelling do not match.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋ฐœ์Œ ๊ณผ ์ฒ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
152:55
And that's just a part of the English language.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์˜์–ด์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
152:59
So that's why, like I said, you should learnย  the spelling when you learn a new word.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋•Œ ์ฒ ์ž๋„ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง
153:06
Amazing job.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์ผ์ด์—์š”.
153:07
Now let's focus on speaking.
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์ด์ œ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
153:09
You'll learn how to train yourย  brain to think and speak in English.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ํ›ˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ ์†์—์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜
153:15
You'll learn 4 tips #1 Thinkย  during everyday activities.
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4๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. #1. ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
153:21
Think of all the things that you do in yourย  everyday life that either are very routine,ย ย 
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์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ ์ค‘์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
153:27
don't require a lot of consciousย  thought, or are pretty boring.
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๋งŽ์€ ์˜์‹์  ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ , ๋งค์šฐ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•œ ์ผ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
153:31
For me, it would be getting showered in theย  morning, doing my makeup, doing my hair.
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์ €๋Š” ์•„์นจ์— ์ƒค์›Œํ•˜๊ณ  , ํ™”์žฅํ•˜๊ณ , ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋น—๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
153:38
And for a lot of people itย  might be commuting to work.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ถœํ‡ด๊ทผ์ด ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
153:42
And then think of all the chores youย  do, doing the dishes, making your bed,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€, ์นจ๋Œ€ ์ •๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ
153:47
all those various things thatย  don't require conscious thought.
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์˜์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง‘์•ˆ์ผ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
153:51
Well, why don't you use thatย  time to think in English?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
153:55
Now, you might be saying or thinkingย  in your native language perhaps.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
154:00
Well, Jennifer, what should I think about?
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์ œ๋‹ˆํผ, ๋‚œ ๋ญ˜ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ?
154:03
What can I think about?
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
154:05
And here's the best part.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
154:07
In order to practice thinking in English,ย ย 
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์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
154:10
you just need to make very simpleย  statements, very simple observations.
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ง„์ˆ , ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
154:16
You don't need to make it overly complex.
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์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
154:20
You don't need to focus on certainย  grammar structures or vocabulary.
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ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋‚˜ ์–ดํœ˜์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
154:25
Just look around and observe the roomย  you're in and make a simple statement.
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์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ง์„ ํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
154:32
Let's say you're brushing your teethย  as you go through that process.
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์น˜์•„๋ฅผ ๋‹ฆ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
154:37
Now remember, you don't have to say this out loud.
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์ด์ œ, ์ด๊ฑธ ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋งํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
154:40
You can simply think in your head, but thinkย  in English as you pick up the toothpaste.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„, ์น˜์•ฝ์„ ์ง‘์–ด ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ์—๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
154:48
Think about that.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
154:50
I'm picking up the toothpaste.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์น˜์•ฝ์„ ์ง‘์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
154:52
I'm taking off the cap.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—๋Š”๋‹ค.
154:55
I'm putting toothpaste on my toothbrush.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์นซ์†”์— ์น˜์•ฝ์„ ๋ฌปํžˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
154:58
My toothbrush is very old.
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๋‚ด ์นซ์†”์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
155:01
I should buy a new toothbrush.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์นซ์†”์„ ์‚ฌ์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค.
155:05
The toothpaste smells minty.
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์น˜์•ฝ์—์„œ ๋ฏผํŠธํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜์š”.
155:09
I never noticed the colorย  of the toothpaste before.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด์ „์— ์น˜์•ฝ์˜ ์ƒ‰๊น”์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฐ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
155:13
Now think of how boring this conversation is.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•œ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
155:17
In your everyday life, you wouldย  never talk so much about toothpaste,ย ย 
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์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์น˜์•ฝ์ด๋‚˜ ์นซ์†”, ์–‘์น˜์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
155:22
your toothbrush, or brushing your teeth, right?
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. ๋งž์ฃ ?
155:25
But you are doing this in your headย  to practice thinking in English.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
155:29
And that's just one very simpleย  thing that you do every day,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋งค์ผ,
155:34
two times a day, maybe three or more times a day.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ, ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ ์ด์ƒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
155:38
Think of all the other things and how you canย  simply make observations about that situation orย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‚˜
155:46
about what you see around you, and you're going toย  make those observations in your head in English.
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์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์—์„œ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
155:53
As a tip, you can start with simple statements,ย ย 
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ํŒ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด, ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. '
155:57
my toothbrush is old, and then take thatย  statement and try to make it more complex.
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๋‚ด ์นซ์†”์ด ์˜ค๋ž˜๋์–ด์š”.' ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ข€ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
156:04
Can you change the verb tense?
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๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
156:06
Can you ask a question?
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
156:08
Can you add an adjective so youย  can purposely think of ways toย ย 
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ
156:13
make it more complex as an additional exercise?
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์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
156:16
But start simple and then add on.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ๊ณ„์† ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
156:19
So if you're committed to tryingย  this exercise, put toothpaste.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์šด๋™์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์น˜์•ฝ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
156:22
Put toothpaste in the comments.
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์น˜์•ฝ์„ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
156:24
Why not #2 speak out loudย  when you think in your head.
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#2 ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋งํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š” .
156:30
That is very beneficial to train yourย  brain to start thinking in English,ย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ์˜์–ด
156:37
to start processing sentence structure,ย  grammar, vocabulary in English.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ, ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•, ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ํ›ˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
156:42
But thinking something in your head is not theย  same as opening your mouth and saying the words.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ž…์„ ์—ด์–ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
156:50
Once you open your mouth and say theย  words, it's a different activity.
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์ผ๋‹จ ์ž…์„ ์—ด๊ณ  ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™œ๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
156:55
You're practicing your speaking skills now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
156:58
You might be thinking to yourself, well,ย  Jennifer, of course I want to speak.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. " ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ, ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ž–์•„์š”."
157:02
This is the one thing I want to do in English,ย  but I don't have anyone to speak with.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ๋ฐ, ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—†์–ด์š”.
157:08
I live in a country whereย  there are no native speakers.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด ํ™”์ž๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š” .
157:12
That's OK because there are easy ways thatย  you can practice speaking on your own.
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๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ํ˜ผ์ž์„œ๋„ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
157:18
My favorite way and nativeย  speakers use this activityย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๊ณ , ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค๋„ ์ด ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
157:22
as well to practice their speaking skills.
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๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
157:26
My favorite way is a websiteย  called Random Question Generator.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ์ƒ์„ฑ๊ธฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
157:32
All you need to Google is Random Questionย  Generator and there are many different websites.
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Google์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ์ƒ์„ฑ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
157:38
I will leave my favoriteย  websites in the description.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…์— ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
157:42
Now what you can do with theseย  websites is all you do is youย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€
157:46
click the button that generates a random question.
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๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
157:50
Now what you need to do is asย  soon as you see that question,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ณด์ž๋งˆ์ž
157:55
I want you to open your mouth and start speaking.
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์ž…์„ ์—ด๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
157:59
Don't think about grammar, don't think aboutย  vocabulary, don't think about pronunciation.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์–ดํœ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š” . ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
158:04
Open your mouth and start speaking.
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์ž…์„ ์—ด๊ณ  ๋ง์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
158:06
Make it your goal to speak forย  one minute on on that topic.
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ํ•ด๋‹น ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 1๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ์‚ผ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
158:11
You can record yourself speaking.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋…น์Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
158:14
You can just use the voiceย  recorder app on your phone.
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ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์˜ ์Œ์„ฑ ๋…น์Œ๊ธฐ ์•ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด 1๋ถ„
158:17
You can also set a timer forย  one minute if you'd like,ย ย 
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๋™์•ˆ ํƒ€์ด๋จธ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
158:21
so when that timer goes off then you knowย  you've spoken for that amount of time.
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ํƒ€์ด๋จธ๊ฐ€ ์šธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ํ•ด๋‹น ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
158:26
You don't need to do that.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
158:27
It's just an option.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์„ ํƒ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์—์š”.
158:29
Now, after you can listen to that recordingย  and you can think about your pronunciation,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋…น์Œ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์Œ,
158:35
grammar, sentence structure, vocabulary,ย  and you can think of areas to improve.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•, ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ, ์–ดํœ˜ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
158:41
However, as you're doing the exercise, you're notย  thinking about your English, you're just speaking.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์˜์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ๊ทธ์ € ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ๋งŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
158:48
But here's the best part,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์ ์€
158:50
because you have already taken the timeย  to think in English every single day.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ๋งค์ผ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
158:57
Maybe you get 510, even 20 minutesย  of practice where you're thinking,ย ย 
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด 20๋ถ„ ์ •๋„๋งŒ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ด๋„ 510์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ ,
159:03
you're observing, you're makingย  simple observations more complex.
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๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ๋”์šฑ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ํ•œ
159:08
All of that practice that you just did willย  help you open your mouth and get the words out.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฐ์Šต์€ ์ž…์„ ์—ด๊ณ  ๋ง์„ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
159:15
Give this activity one week,ย  then two weeks, then 30 days.
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์ด ํ™œ๋™์— 1์ฃผ์ผ, 2์ฃผ์ผ, 30์ผ์„ ์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
159:20
I promise you, if you do this three timesย  a day for just two to three minutes,ย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ์†๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๋ฃจ 3๋ฒˆ, 2~3๋ถ„์”ฉ,
159:26
three times a day in 30 days, you areย  going to be so impressed with your results.
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30์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•˜๋ฃจ 3๋ฒˆ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ๋ช…๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
159:32
So if you're committed to trying this exercise,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋Œ“๊ธ€ #3
159:34
put let's go, put, let's go inย  the comments #3 describe images.
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์— '์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด์ž', '์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด์ž', ' ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…'์„ ์ ์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
159:42
This is a more guided method because whenย  you describe an image, you can think inย ย 
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋”์šฑ ์ง€์นจ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋งˆ์Œ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
159:49
your mind, which is absolutely beneficial.
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์œ ์ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ
159:53
I've already mentioned why.
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์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
159:55
Or you can practice speaking outย  loud and instead of using a randomย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” ํฐ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„
160:01
question generator, you are going to use an image.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ ์ƒ์„ฑ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
160:05
How are you going to find an image?
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์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
160:07
You can simply go to Googleย  Images and put a random.
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Google ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
160:11
Word in like cat or dog and choose any image.
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๊ณ ์–‘์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
160:16
Or you can go to a website thatย  shares free images like pixels,ย ย 
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํ”ฝ์…€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
160:24
which I'll put in the description as well and justย  choose one of the first images on the homepage.
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์ €๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…์— ํ”ฝ์…€๋„ ๋„ฃ์–ด๋‘๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
160:31
This is an exercise that I do with myย  students and they absolutely love it.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์Šต์ธ๋ฐ, ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์š”.
160:37
And the conversations that we have, the examplesย  that they share are so interesting as well.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
160:44
Now this is an activity that I doย  with my students for free on YouTube.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ์—์„œ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์ด์—์š”.
160:48
So make sure you subscribe so you know theย  next time that I'm hosting a speaking class.
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ์„ค ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์—ด ๋•Œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ตฌ๋…์„ ๊ผญ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
160:54
So here's an image that I usedย  in my last speaking class andย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ๋ฒˆ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์ธ๋ฐ,
160:59
the students shared such interesting examples.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด์คฌ์–ด์š”.
161:03
Now all you have to do isย  describe, type this image.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
161:06
You can make observations about howย  the people look, they're clothing,ย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต, ์˜ท์ฐจ๋ฆผ,
161:12
the background, or you can makeย  statements about what they're doing.
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๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง„์ˆ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
161:18
So in this image you might say the manย  wearing an orange shirt is kneeling orย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์—์„œ ์ฃผํ™ฉ์ƒ‰ ์…”์ธ ๋ฅผ ์ž…์€ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๋ฆŽ์„ ๊ฟ‡๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
161:27
you might say there's an umbrella next to the man.
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๋‚จ์ž ์˜†์— ์šฐ์‚ฐ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
161:31
And again you can make simpleย  statements more complex.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ, ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
161:35
There's a bright multi coloredย  umbrella next to the man.
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๋‚จ์ž ์˜†์—๋Š” ๋ฐ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์ฑ„๋กœ์šด ์šฐ์‚ฐ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
161:40
You can even have fun with this and tryย  to guess what is happening in this image.
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์ด๊ฑธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๊ฒŒ ๋†€๋ฉด์„œ ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์—์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ถ”์ธกํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
161:46
So this is what my students did.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
161:48
Some of them said that theย  man is proposing to the woman.
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ฒญํ˜ผํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
161:53
Other people had funny things like theย  woman is helping the man because he fell.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์–ด์ง„ ๋‚จ์ž๋ฅผ ๋•๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
161:59
So it was really interesting theย  different observations that students made.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
162:04
So you can take any image and useย  this to both speak in your head.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€์„œ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
162:09
Maybe on the way to work.
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์•„๋งˆ ์ถœ๊ทผ๊ธธ์— ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
162:11
If you're on the bus or train, youย  can do this activity in your head,ย ย 
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๋ฒ„์Šค๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ด ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
162:15
think in your head, or you canย  practice speaking out loud.
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๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด์–ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
162:19
So are you going to practice this activity ifย  you are put I'm committed, Put I'm committedย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด ํ™œ๋™์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”? ์ €๋Š” ํ—Œ์‹ ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š”
162:25
because I want to know that you're you'reย  committed to practicing this activity.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด ํ™œ๋™์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ—Œ์‹ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ—Œ์‹ ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
162:29
And I want you to be committed becauseย  I know the results that you're goingย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ—Œ์‹ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€
162:33
to get are going to make you soย  confident, so happy and so proud.
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๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
162:38
Number 4A daily summary.
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4A ์ผ์ผ ์š”์•ฝ.
162:41
Now this is an activity that you should startย  doing regardless because preparing a dailyย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ™œ๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์ผ ์š”์•ฝ์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
162:48
summary is a great way to reflect on the dayย  and ask yourself, what areas am I very proud of?
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ , ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด์ง€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
162:55
What areas could I improve on?
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
162:57
And this is just a great thing to doย  for your overall personal development.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
163:01
But we'll focus on how this activity can help youย  train your brain to think and speak in English.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ํ™œ๋™์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถœ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
163:07
Well, the same thing that we talked about before.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ „์— ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
163:10
You can think these activities in yourย  head and if you are in a public place,ย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ™œ๋™์€ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณต๊ณต์žฅ์†Œ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
163:17
this is a great time to just think the activities.
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์ด๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ข‹์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
163:20
If you are in a more private place,ย  then you can say it out loud.
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๋”์šฑ ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋งํ•ด๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
163:25
And always remember the option isย  there to record yourself speaking.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋…น์Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ต์…˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
163:30
And with your daily summary, ofย  course, you can summarize your day.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ผ์ผ ์š”์•ฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋ฃจ
163:34
You can talk about the best part ofย  your day, the worst part of your day,ย ย 
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์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ , ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚˜์œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„,
163:39
three things you're grateful for, three thingsย  you're proud of, three things you want to improve.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€, ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€, ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
163:45
And the best part is you don'tย  need to summarize your whole day.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์ ์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
163:48
So you don't need to do this at night.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋ฐค์—๋Š” ์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
163:51
Maybe your nights are veryย  busy getting your kids readyย ย 
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐค์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„
163:55
for school or preparing for work the next day.
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ํ•™๊ต์— ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‚  ์ง์žฅ์— ๊ฐˆ ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š๋ผ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐ”์  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
163:59
So you could do this activityย  every day at noon, at lunchtime.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋งค์ผ ์ ์‹ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ด ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
164:04
And you can summarize your morning.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„์นจ์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
164:06
So the daily summary doesn'tย  have to be your entire day.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ผ์ผ ์š”์•ฝ์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ์„ ๋‹ด์„ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
164:10
You could summarize your morning, youย  could summarize a meeting at work,ย ย 
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์•„์นจ์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ง์žฅ ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
164:16
you could summarize your evening.
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์ €๋…์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
164:18
Or you can do this multiple times a day.
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ํ˜น์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
164:21
So you could summarize your morningย  and then summarize your evening soย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์•„์นจ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ €๋…์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด
164:25
you have the opportunity to do this twice a day.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์š”์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
164:28
Whatever works best for you.
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๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
164:30
The more you practice, theย  faster you'll get results.
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๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์—ฐ์Šตํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
164:35
I have two bonus tips for you.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ํŒ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
164:37
Bonus tip #1 Surround yourselfย  in English as much as you can.
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๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ํŒ #1 ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
164:44
Ask yourself, what can I do toย  make my environment more English?
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๋‚ด ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋” ์˜๊ตญ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ž๋ฌธํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ
164:50
Can you change the settings onย  your phone or your computer?
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์˜ ์„ค์ •์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š” ?
164:54
Can you start listening to English music?
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์˜์–ด ์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
164:57
Can you start watching English TV shows?
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์˜์–ด TV ์‡ผ ์‹œ์ฒญ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
165:01
What can you do that's easy for you toย  do to make your environment more English?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋” ์˜๊ตญ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
165:07
Can you put labels on all the items in a roomย  or your entire house and their English labels?
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๋ฐฉ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌผ๊ฑด ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง‘ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์— ๋ผ๋ฒจ์„ ๋ถ™์ด๊ณ  ์˜์–ด ๋ผ๋ฒจ์„ ๋ถ™์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
165:17
So think about one thing, one thing that youย  can do to make your environment more English.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋” ์˜๊ตญ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€, ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
165:24
Because of course, the more youย  surround yourself with the language,ย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ธ์–ด์— ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก
165:29
the more that your brainย  will absorb that language.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํก์ˆ˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
165:34
And bonus tip #2 the most important is be patient.
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๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ํŒ #2 ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
165:39
This is not going to dramaticallyย  change your English overnight.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•˜๋ฃป๋ฐค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์ด ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
165:45
But in seven days, you will see some results.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ํ›„๋ฉด, ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
165:49
In 14 days, you will see some results.
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14์ผ ํ›„๋ฉด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
165:52
In 30 days, you will see some results.
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30์ผ ์•ˆ์— ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
165:56
But if you take those results from the sevenย  days, 14 days, and 30 days, guess what?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 7 ์ผ, 14์ผ, 30์ผ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ๊นŒ์š”?
166:01
The result is a lot bigger than you may realize.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
166:04
And that's only 30 days.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋‹จ 30์ผ๋ฟ์ด์—์š”. ์ด
166:06
Imagine you do these four.
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๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
166:08
Very simple, free activitiesย  that only take a few minutes,ย ย 
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ์ธ ํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ, ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ–์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ,
166:13
and you do these activities every day for 90 days.
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90์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ๋งค์ผ ์ด ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค
166:18
Imagine the results that are possible.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ• ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
166:20
So be patient.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€์„ธ์š”.
166:22
Now let's keep focusing on speaking.
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์ด์ œ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
166:24
You'll learn transition words.
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์ „ํ™˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
166:27
Knowing these words will help youย  expand on your ideas and provide full,ย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
166:33
complex answers when you're speaking in English.
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์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์™„์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
166:37
Well, transition words are individualย  words or groups of words, phrases thatย ย 
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์ „ํ™˜์–ด๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋‹จ์–ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน, ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
166:42
you can use to organize your ideas andย  to show connection between your ideas.
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166:48
They're commonly used in academicย  or formal writing, but you shouldn'tย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ํ•™์ˆ ์  ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ธ€์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ,
166:53
limit their use to just that because you canย  absolutely use them in your spoken English.
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๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ๋งŒ ๊ตญํ•œํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
166:59
And you should use them in your spoken Englishย  to sound very advanced and professional.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋„ ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋งค์šฐ ์ง„๋ณด์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
167:04
And if you watch to the end of this video,ย ย 
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
167:07
I'm going to share how you can use transitionย  words to expand your ideas and to take a reallyย ย 
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์ „ํ™˜ ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •๋ง
167:12
simple idea and be able to talk on thatย  idea for longer using transition words.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ „ํ™˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
167:18
So stay right to the end.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฝ์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
167:20
So let's get started.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
167:21
You're going to learn over 50ย  transition words in this lesson.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š” 50๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
167:25
Don't feel overwhelmed, just addย  them to your vocabulary as you go.
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์••๋„๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
167:30
Our first group of transition words areย  used to show cause and effect, causation.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์–ด๋Š” ์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ฆ‰ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
167:36
So here I have two separate ideas.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
167:39
I spilled my coffee.
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์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์Ÿ์•˜์–ด์š”.
167:41
I changed my shirt.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์…”์ธ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ์•„์ž…์—ˆ๋‹ค.
167:43
Now this is where we can use a transition word toย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „ํ™˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
167:46
combine these ideas together and toย  show the relationship between them.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
167:51
I spilled my coffee.
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์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์Ÿ์•˜์–ด์š”.
167:53
As a result, I changed my shirt.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์…”์ธ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ์•„์ž…์—ˆ๋‹ค.
167:57
Cause and effect here are theย  transition words in this category,ย ย 
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์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ด ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์–ด์ด๋ฉฐ,
168:02
and they're listed from most formal to leastย  formal, so you can take a screenshot of this.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋œ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚˜์—ด๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ์ƒท์„ ์ฐ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
168:09
Consequently, Hence, accordingly.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ.
168:13
Thus, for that reason, asย  a result, therefore, and soย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋กœ, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œย ย  ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
168:19
since because due to now the example I gave you, Iย  spilled my coffee as a result, I changed my shirt.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œย ย  ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์Ÿ์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์…”์ธ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ์•„์ž…์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
168:29
This is a casual statement.
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์ด๋Š” ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์–ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
168:32
It might sound a little odd, perhaps out of place,ย ย 
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168:37
to use a very formal transitionย  word such as Consequently,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
168:42
in such a common everyday speech, I spilledย  my coffee, consequently I changed my shirt.
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์ผ์ƒ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์Ÿ์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์…”์ธ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ์•„์ž…์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์ „ํ™˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
168:50
You could absolutely say it,ย  it's grammatically correct,ย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋งž์ง€๋งŒ,
168:55
but the choice of transitionย  word is just a little too formal.
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์ „ํ™˜์–ด ์„ ํƒ์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํ˜•์‹์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Š๊ปด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
169:00
So do not think that formal is the best,ย  and you absolutely should use formal.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ตœ๊ณ ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ , ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ผญ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
169:06
You should use formal whenย  your ideas are more formal,ย ย 
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ณต์‹์ ์ด๊ณ ,
169:11
they're more academic, they're moreย  professional in a business context.
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ํ•™๋ฌธ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ข€ ๋” ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ผ ๋•Œ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
169:16
Let's look at a business context.
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์‚ฌ์—…์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
169:19
The project is over budget.
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
169:22
We have to cut costs.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ
169:24
So again, we'll show our cause and effect.
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ, ์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
169:27
We'll use a transition wordย  to combine these ideas,ย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „ํ™˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
169:31
and because it's a more formal context,ย  I can use a more formal transition word.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋” ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋” ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์ „ํ™˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
169:37
The project is over budget, hence,ย  consequently, thus, we have to cut costs.
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
169:45
Our next group of transition words is chronology.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ „ํ™˜์–ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ์—ฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
169:49
This is how events are relatedย  based on when they occur.
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์ด๋Š” ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
169:54
So think of time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
169:56
Here are three events.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
169:57
I went to the store, I worked out, I made dinner.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๊ฐ”๊ณ , ์šด๋™์„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ €๋…์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
170:02
Now, of course, we can add first, second,ย  third, first, next, finally, that's chronology.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋‘˜์งธ, ์…‹์งธ, ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋‹ค์Œ, ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฐ๋Œ€์ˆœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
170:11
And it instantly sounds more organized and moreย  advanced when you add the transition words.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ํ™˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๋” ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ง„๋ณด๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
170:18
So let's review the transitionย  words in this category first.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋จผ์ € ์ด ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
170:23
Firstly, to start to begin atย  the beginning, at the start,ย ย 
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์ฒซ์งธ, ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค , ์ฒ˜์Œ์—,
170:28
2nd, secondly, after, afterwards, next,ย  then subsequently, later, third, thirdly,ย ย 
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๋‘˜์งธ, ๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ, ํ›„์—, ๊ทธ ํ›„์—, ๋‹ค์Œ, ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—, ๋‚˜์ค‘์—, ์…‹์งธ, ์…‹์งธ๋กœ, ๊ทธ ํ›„์—, ๊ทธ ํ›„์—, ๋‹ค์Œ, ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—, ๊ทธ ํ›„์—, ๋‚˜์ค‘์—, ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
170:38
after, afterwards, next, then, subsequently,ย  later, finally, lastly, last but not least.
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, ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ.
170:47
Now notice that for the second and 3rd eventsย  many of the transition words are the same.
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์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์™€ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์ „ํ™˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ
170:53
You can use after, after forย  the second and third event,ย ย 
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์—๋Š” after, after๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
170:58
or you can use next, next for theย  second and third and 4th and 5th event.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, 4๋ฒˆ์งธ, 5๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์—๋Š” next, next๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
171:05
But you might want to avoid that so you don'tย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
171:07
sound repetitive using the sameย  transition word again and again.
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๊ฐ™์€ ์ „ํ™˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
171:12
So you can use next, then, thenย  subsequently, subsequently, finally.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ next, then, then subsequently, subsequently, finally๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
171:19
So you can use the different transition wordsย  just to show off your advanced vocabulary.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์–ดํœ˜๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณผ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ „ํ™˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
171:25
Our next category of transition words is toย  show contrast when you have two opposing ideas.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ „ํ™˜์–ด ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
171:32
Let me give you 2 ideas.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
171:34
I love ice cream.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์š”.
171:37
I'm lactose intolerant.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฝํ† ์˜ค์Šค ๋ถˆ๋‚ด์ฆ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
171:39
So can you see how theseย  two ideas are in opposition?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
171:43
I love ice cream is great.
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์ €๋Š” ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์š”.
171:45
It's a really positive thing.
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์ •๋ง ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ผ์ด์—์š”.
171:47
But I'm lactose intolerant.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฝํ† ์˜ค์Šค ๋ถˆ๋‚ด์ฆ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
171:50
That's negative, and it also means that I can'tย  eat ice cream, so those ideas are in opposition.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ด์—์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ์„ ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ด์š” . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์—์š”.
171:59
So we can use our contrasting transition words.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์ธ ์ „ํ™˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
172:04
However, although though, but I loveย  ice cream, but I'm lactose intolerant.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฝํ† ์˜ค์Šค ๋ถˆ๋‚ด์ฆ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
172:13
Same thing.
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172:13
The transition words are listedย  from most formal to least formal.
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๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ.
์ „ํ™˜์–ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋œ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์—ด๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
172:18
Again, you could say I love ice cream,ย  however, I'm lactose intolerant.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด์„œ, ์ €๋Š” ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ์„ ์ข‹์•„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฝํ† ์˜ค์Šค ๋ถˆ๋‚ด์ฆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
172:23
But again, these ideas are quite simple, so youย  probably want a more simple transition word.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ „ํ™˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
172:30
Our next category of transitionย  words is addition of similar ideas.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ „ํ™˜ ์–ด ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
172:36
I love ice cream.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์š”.
172:38
I love cake.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์š”.
172:39
It's adding a similar idea because they're bothย  in the same category, which is desserts or sweets.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋””์ €ํŠธ๋‚˜ ๊ณผ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์— ์†ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
172:47
The most common transition words from most formalย  to least formal in this category are furthermoreย ย 
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์ด ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋œ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํžˆ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ์ „ํ™˜์–ด๋Š” furthermore
172:54
moreover, further additionally in additionย  also, and I love ice cream and I love cake.
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moreover, further additionaly in addition also, I love ice cream, I love cake์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
173:04
Obviously, you know that one.
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
173:06
So why not try to advanceย  your vocabulary by using inย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ '
173:11
addition I love ice cream In addition I love cake.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด.'์™€ '๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด.'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ดํœ˜๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
173:16
Now let's talk about generality.
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์ด์ œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
173:18
This is when things are true most of the time.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
173:22
The most common transition words in this categoryย  are in general, generally, generally speaking,ย ย 
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์ด ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์ „ํ™˜์–ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•ด์„œ,
173:29
by and large, for the most part, most of the time,ย  more often than not, usually, typically mostly.
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๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๋” ์ž์ฃผ, ๋ณดํ†ต, ์ „ํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
173:37
So let's take an example our meetings.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
173:39
Are very productive.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
173:41
Now, of course, I'm sure there's one orย  two meetings that aren't very productive,ย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
173:46
but most of the time, in general, generallyย  speaking, our meetings are very productive.
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, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํšŒ์˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
173:54
Now let's look at the category of examples.
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์ด์ œ ์˜ˆ์‹œ์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
173:57
There are really only three main transition words.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฃผ์š” ์ „ํ™˜์–ด๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
174:00
For example, as an example, for instance,ย  this software has really helped us.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ด ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง ํฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
174:08
Now it can make your point a lot stronger or helpย  you expand on your idea by adding an example.
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
174:15
This software has really helped us.
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์ด ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
174:17
For example, as an example, for instance,ย  it reduced our error rate by 40%.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์œจ์ด 40% ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
174:25
Our next category is emphasis.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
174:28
This category is used to make a point strongerย  by adding more supporting information.
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์ด ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ง€์› ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์š”์ ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
174:36
Let's take a simple example.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
174:38
I love pie.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํŒŒ์ด๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์š”.
174:40
Now what if I wanted to make this point stronger?
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์ ์„ ๋” ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ? ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ
174:45
I could say it's my favorite dessert.
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์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋””์ €ํŠธ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
174:50
I love pie.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํŒŒ์ด๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์š”.
174:51
In fact, it's my favorite dessert.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ด๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋””์ €ํŠธ์˜ˆ์š”.
174:54
I love pie.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํŒŒ์ด๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์š”.
174:56
As a matter of fact, it's my favorite.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
174:59
Dessert.
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๋””์ €ํŠธ.
175:00
These are the only two transition wordsย  that are commonly used to add emphasis.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
175:05
And finally, conclusion transition words.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ์ „ํ™˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
175:09
Notice I just used a transition word.
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ „ํ™˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
175:12
And finally, that is a conclusion transition word.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ์ „ํ™˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
175:16
Now, of course, in this category, weย  use these transition words when weย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ด ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
175:20
want to end what we're seeing andย  our speech and our presentation.
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๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์„ ๋๋‚ผ ๋•Œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „ํ™˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
175:25
Here are the most common transition wordsย  listed from most formal to least formal.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋œ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์ „ํ™˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜์—ดํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
175:30
In conclusion, to conclude, to summarize,ย  in sum, all things considered, finally,ย ย 
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๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ง“๋‹ค, ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋‹ค, ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ, ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด,
175:37
overall, ultimately, in the end, to wrapย  up, to sum up, All in all, so let's say I'mย ย 
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์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค, ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋‹ค, ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ,
175:44
ending my presentation at work and I want myย  colleagues to remember 1 very important fact.
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์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ต์‹œ์ผœ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
175:51
And that fact is if we want to remainย  competitive, we have to invest in automation.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ž๋™ํ™”์— ํˆฌ์žํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
175:58
Now to let my colleagues know that thisย  is the last point I'm going to make,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์š”์ ,
176:04
my final point, I'm going to addย  a conclusion, transition word.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์š”์ ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด, ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๊ณผ ์ „ํ™˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
176:09
Ultimately, if we want to remainย  competitive, we have to invest in automation.
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๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ž๋™ํ™”์— ํˆฌ์žํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
176:16
So now you have 50 plus transitionย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€
176:18
words to help you communicate your ideasย  in a very professional and organized way.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” 50๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
176:24
Before you go, let me share a bonus tip with you.
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๋– ๋‚˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ์ „์—, ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ํŒ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
176:27
You can use transition words toย  help you expand on your ideas.
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์ „ํ™˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
176:32
So let's take one idea.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
176:34
In general, our meetings are very productive.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํšŒ์˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
176:37
Now I can pick any category of transition word.
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์ด์ œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์–ด๋“  ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
176:41
To expand on this idea, I could add a contrast.
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์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•ด์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
176:47
However, they usually run overย  time, so this is an opposing idea.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹คํ–‰๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
176:53
Now let me give an example of my last pointย  to add emphasis and to expand even more.
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์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์š”์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
177:02
For example, today our meeting was scheduledย  to end at 11 and it went until 11/17.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํšŒ์˜๋Š” 11์‹œ์— ๋๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ 11์›” 17์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
177:08
So let's expand on this even more.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข€ ๋” ํ™•์žฅํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
177:11
What was the effect of the meetingย  running over by 17 minutes?
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ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ 17๋ถ„์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€์—ฐ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ
177:17
As a result, I was late forย  a meeting with a client.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ €๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ฏธํŒ…์— ๋Šฆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
177:22
Were there any other effects?
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
177:24
If there were, I could use anย  addition of a similar idea.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
177:28
Transition word.
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์ „ํ™˜์–ด.
177:30
Additionally, I had to workย  through lunch to catch up.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋”ฐ๋ผ์žก๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ์‹ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋„ ์ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
177:35
Amazing job in this master class.
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์ด ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด์—์š”.
177:36
Do you want me to make anotherย  master class just like this?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋˜ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐํด๋ž˜์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
177:40
If you do put let's go, let'sย  go put let's go in the comments.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ 'let's go, let's go'๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— 'let's go'๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
177:44
And of course, make sure you like this lesson,ย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
177:46
share it with your friends and subscribe soย  you're notified every time I post a new lesson.
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ณ , ๊ตฌ๋…์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๊ฒŒ์‹œ๋  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
177:50
And you can get this free speakingย  guide where I share 6 tips on howย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€
177:54
to speak English fluently and confidently.
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์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
177:56
You can click here to download it orย  look for the link in the description.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ์„ธ์š”. ์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š”
178:00
And here's another master classย  to help you improve your English.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
178:03
Watch it now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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