Donald Trump Meets Justin Trudeau in Florida ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ฆ Learn English with the News

36,591 views

2024-12-10 ใƒป JForrest English


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Donald Trump Meets Justin Trudeau in Florida ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ฆ Learn English with the News

36,591 views ใƒป 2024-12-10

JForrest English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
In this lesson, you're goingย  to learn English with the news.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:03
We're going to read an article together about aย  meeting between Donald Trump and Justin Trudeau,ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Donald Trump์™€ Justin Trudeau์˜ ๋งŒ๋‚จ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฝ๊ณ 
00:10
and you'll learn advanced vocabulary,ย  advanced grammar and correct pronunciation.
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๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์–ดํœ˜, ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
Welcome back to JForrest English.
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JForrest English์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
Of course, I'm Jennifer.
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๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด์ฃ . ์ €๋Š” ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
Now let's get started.
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์ด์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
Let's review the headline.
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ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
Trudeau in Florida to meetย  Trump after tariff threat.
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ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์˜ ํŠธ๋คผ๋„๋Š” ๊ด€์„ธ ์œ„ํ˜‘ ์ดํ›„ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
So, of course, we're talkingย  about president-elect Donald Trumpย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ๋‹น์„ ์ž
00:30
and Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau.
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์™€ ์ €์Šคํ‹ด ํŠธ๋คผ๋„ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์ด๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
Now, notice in the headline thatย  there are some words missing.
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์ด์ œ ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
00:37
There are some auxiliary verbs and some articles.
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ด€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
Do you know what words are needed grammaticallyย  to turn this headline into a full sentence?
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์ด ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์„ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
00:49
What do you think?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
00:50
Trudeau in Florida?
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ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠธ๋คผ๋„?
00:53
Perhaps we need a verb.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
Trudeau.
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ํŠธ๋คผ๋„.
00:55
He is in Florida.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
Trudeau is in Florida to meet Trump.
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ํŠธ๋คผ๋„๋Š” ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์— ์žˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
This is acceptable simply using the last nameย  of the person to meet Trump after tariff threat.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ด€์„ธ ์œ„ํ˜‘ ์ดํ›„ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์„ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:10
So threat is a noun.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์œ„ํ˜‘์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
Tariff is the adjective that describes the threat.
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๊ด€์„ธ๋Š” ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
So we need an article to go with thisย  noun you can use after ah tariff threat.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ah ๊ด€์„ธ ์œ„ํ˜‘ ๋’ค์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ด€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
Ah means any it's a general threat orย  the tariff threat meaning a specific one.
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์•„๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ด€์„ธ ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
Now let's talk about what ah threat is.
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์ด์ œ ์•„ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
01:35
So ah threat is an action thatย  has negative consequences andย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์œ„ํ˜‘์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ด๊ณ 
01:41
you use it to influence or pressure someone else.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์••๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
So let's take a look at this example.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
You could say this to me, Jennifer, if youย  don't make new videos weekly, I'll unsubscribe.
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์ œ๋‹ˆํผ, ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๋งค์ฃผ ์ƒˆ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹œ๋ฉด ๊ตฌ๋…์„ ์ทจ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
OK, So the action with negative consequencesย ย 
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋Š” ์กฐ์น˜๋Š”
02:00
is that you will unsubscribe,ย  which isn't positive for me.
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๊ตฌ๋…์„ ์ทจ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
That hurts my channel.
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๋‚ด ์ฑ„๋„์— ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋„ค์š”.
02:05
So that is absolutely aย  negative consequence for me.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
And you are saying this to influenceย  me or to pressure me to do what?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜ ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์••๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:15
To make new videos weekly.
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๋งค์ฃผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด.
02:18
And the verb form of a threatย  is threaten to threaten.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ„ํ˜‘์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” Threat to Threat์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
OK, so I could say she or he threatened toย  unsubscribe if I don't make new videos weekly.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์ฃผ ์ƒˆ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๊ตฌ๋…์„ ์ทจ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ˜‘๋ฐ•ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
02:35
But don't worry, you don't need to threaten meย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜์‹ค ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
because I am already committed toย  making new videos weekly for you.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋งค์ฃผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋กœ ์•ฝ์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
So if you are excited, put let's go, putย  let's, let's go, let's go in the Commons.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์‹ ๋‚œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋†”, ๋†”, ๋†”, ์ปค๋จผ์ฆˆ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ž.
02:48
And don't worry about taking notes becauseย  I summarize everything in a free lesson PDF.
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ•์˜ PDF์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์š”์•ฝ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋ฉ”๋ชจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
02:53
You can find the link in the description.
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์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
Now let's continue on and learn about this threat.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ด ์œ„ํ˜‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau is in Florida, soย  here we have our is because now we're using fullย ย 
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์ €์Šคํ‹ด ํŠธ๋คผ๋„(Justin Trudeau) ์ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
03:07
sentence structure, which commonly isn't done inย  headlines, is in Florida to meet Donald Trump.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
As Canada seeks to head off, the president electsย  threat to impose a 25% tariff on Canadian goods.
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ž ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์ƒํ’ˆ์— 25% ๊ด€์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
So this is the threat.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
This is the potential negative consequence.
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์ด๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
And notice here threat.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ์„ธ์š”.
03:34
This is our noun.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
We know because there's an article,ย ย 
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๊ด€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ,
03:38
but also because the verb formย  remember, is threaten, threaten.
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๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ธ Remember๊ฐ€ Threat, Threat์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
So you have to add that ENย  threaten and notice how thisย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ EN ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด
03:47
T isn't overly pronounced in American English.
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T๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
Threaten, threaten, threaten.
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์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
03:54
The verb form would be either Trumpย  threatened because it's a pass simple action.
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๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋™์ž‘์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— Trumpย ๊ฐ€ ์œ„ํ˜‘๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
He already didn't.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
So notice the pronunciation threatened.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ์œ„ํ˜‘๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
04:04
Just a soft D at the end.
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๋์—๋Š” ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด D๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
Trump threatened or it could be in progress.
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ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๊ฐ€ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
He's doing it now.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
So the present continuous Trump is threateningย  and then are infinitive to impose to do something.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• Trump๋Š” ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์ƒํ’ˆ์— 25% ๊ด€์„ธ๋ฅผ
04:20
I spelled tariff wrong to imposeย  a 25% tariff on Canadian goods.
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๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ด€์„ธ๋ฅผ ์ž˜๋ชป ์ž…๋ ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:26
So this is the potential negative consequence.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
Now notice goods has an S on it.
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์ด์ œ ์ƒํ’ˆ์— S๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
04:34
So of course with the adjective good,ย  we don't add an S But here as the noun,ย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ good์—๋Š” S๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ
04:41
this is the noun goods, goods, and services.
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์ด๋Š” ์ƒํ’ˆ, ์ƒํ’ˆ, ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ผ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
So this has an S on it.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” S๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
Let's review the phrasal verb to head off.
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์ถœ๋ฐœํ•  ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
And you head off something, in thisย  case, the threat, Donald Trump's threat.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์œ„ํ˜‘, ์ฆ‰ ๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
Now, this means to preventย  something negative, but we reallyย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ผ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
04:59
use this in more emergencyย  situations or crisis situations.
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๋Š” ๋” ๊ธด๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‚˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
So to urgently prevent, we don'tย  use this in a more casual, oh,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ธด๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ข€ ๋” ์บ์ฃผ์–ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„,
05:10
I need to prevent a badย  night's sleep, for example.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ฐค์ž ์„ ์ž˜ ๋ชป ์ž๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
We really use it in very strong situations.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
We need to act quickly to head off the floodย  because the flood is an emergency and we need toย ย 
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ํ™์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ธด๊ธ‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๊ณ 
05:24
urgently prevent this and having a 25% tariff,ย  that is an emergency and economic emergency.
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์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธด๊ธ‰ํžˆ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ 25% ๊ด€์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธด๊ธ‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด์ž ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ธด๊ธ‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
So it's understandable that headย  off is used in this context.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ head off๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
Let's continue on our last part.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
We didn't review a source.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ถœ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
A source is a pertinent, a personย  who shares information anonymouslyย ย 
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์ถœ์ฒ˜๋Š”
05:46
so they don't reveal their identity,ย  a source has confirmed to the BBC.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‹ ์›์„ ๋ฐํžˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ต๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  BBC์— ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
Canadian media reported thatย  Trudeau landed on Friday.
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์–ธ๋ก ์€ ํŠธ๋คผ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ์— ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
So that means he arrived by plane because thatย  is the verb we use only for planes landed.
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์ด๋Š” ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
That Trudeau landed on Friday evening toย  visit Trump at his Mar A Largo estate.
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Trudeau๋Š” ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ ์ €๋…์— Mar A Largo์˜ ์‚ฌ์œ ์ง€์— ์žˆ๋Š” Trump๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
Are you enjoying this lesson?
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
06:13
If you are, then I want to tell youย  about the finally Fluent Academy.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด Fluent Academy์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
This is my premier training program whereย  we study native English speakers from TV,ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ TV,
06:25
movies, YouTube and the news.
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์˜ํ™”, YouTube ๋ฐ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
So you can improve your listeningย  skills of fast English, expand yourย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์˜์–ด ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ,
06:32
vocabulary with natural expressions,ย  and learn advanced grammar easily.
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์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ์–ดํœ˜๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ , ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
Plus, you'll have me as your personal coach.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ฝ”์น˜๋กœ ์‚ผ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด
06:41
You can look in the descriptionย  for the link to learn more,ย ย 
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์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
06:43
or you can go to my website andย  click on Finally Fluent Academy.
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๋‚ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ Final Fluent Academy๋ฅผ โ€‹โ€‹ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
06:48
Now, let's continue with our the two.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:51
Of course, this means Trudeau and Trump, the two,ย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๋Š” ํŠธ๋คผ๋„์™€ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„, ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ,
06:55
the two men, the two people, the two orย  we could say the two leaders as well.
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๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‘ ์ง€๋„์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
The two spoke by phone earlier in the week afterย ย 
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๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
07:03
Trump announced that uponย  taking office in January,ย ย 
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ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๊ฐ€ 1์›” ์ทจ์ž„๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์—
07:07
he would slap an across the border tariff on allย  products entering the US from Mexico and Canada.
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์™€ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋„˜์–ด ๊ด€์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ ์ดˆ์— ์ „ํ™” ํ†ตํ™”๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
OK, so Mexico is involved in this as well.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋„ ์ด ์ผ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ํ™” ํ†ตํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ต์ˆ™ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
07:18
Let's go back and look at by phone because youย  may be more familiar perhaps with on the phone.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ „ํ™”๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:26
Both of them are possible.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
By phone sounds a little more formal, which isย  understandable why it's used in this context.
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์ „ํ™”๋กœ๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ํ˜•์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
But let's say that your husband's sisterย  friend says, hey, do you have a sack?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋‚จํŽธ์˜ ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ '์•ผ, ์ž๋ฃจ ์žˆ์–ด?
07:41
Do you have a second?
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์ž ์‹œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์žˆ์œผ์„ธ์š”?
07:42
Do you have a sack?
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์ž๋ฃจ ์žˆ์–ด์š”?
07:43
A very common way to ask if someone isย  available and free, Do you have a sack?
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌป๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ " Do you have a sack?"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
And the person can reply backย  and say I'm on the phone.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋‹ต์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ†ตํ™” ์ค‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
I'm on the phone.
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ํ†ตํ™” ์ค‘์ด์—์š”.
07:54
So here in this context, when you use theย  verb to be, you must use on the phone.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ be ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ „ํ™”์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
You can't say by phone.
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์ „ํ™”๋กœ๋Š” ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
This is the method of communication.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค.
08:03
But this is the current state.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
I am, I'm on the phone.
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๋‚˜, ํ†ตํ™” ์ค‘์ด์•ผ.
08:08
Now let's look at upon upon taking officeย  in January, a pawn means immediately after.
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์ด์ œ 1์›”์— ์ทจ์ž„ํ•  ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฐ์€ ์งํ›„๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
So he took office or heย  will take office in January.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ทจ์ž„ํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ 1์›”์— ์ทจ์ž„ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
This hasn't happened yet.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ์•„์ง ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
And then immediately after this tariff is goingย  to start, he's going to impose the tariff.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ด€์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์ž๋งˆ์ž ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ด€์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
That's the verb that you can use inย  a more formal way to impose a tariff.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ด€์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ข€ ๋” ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
That's when the tariff officiallyย  starts or is in effect.
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์ด๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ด€์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœํšจ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
So you can say immediately afterย  and then you can continue onย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฆ‰์‹œ after๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
08:44
with your gerund because after is aย  preposition, upon is a preposition.
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after๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  on์€ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
Now this also means as soon as.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณง์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
So upon, immediately after, as soon as.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ฆ‰์‹œ, ์ฆ‰์‹œ, ์ฆ‰์‹œ.
08:55
They're synonyms.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋™์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
If you use as soon as, youย  can't use the gerundanks,ย ย 
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asoon as๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ,
09:01
you have to use the subject and then the present.
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์ฃผ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
Simple as soon as he takes.
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๋ณต์šฉํ•˜์ž๋งˆ์ž ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
As soon as he takes.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ทจํ•˜์ž๋งˆ์ž.
09:09
So not the future simple, theย  present simple as soon as he takes.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์„ ์ทจํ•˜์ž๋งˆ์ž.
09:13
Now you could also say immediately after he takesย  office, but you couldn't say upon he takes office.
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ทจ์ž„ํ•œ ์งํ›„์—๋„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ทจ์ž„ํ•œ ํ›„์—๋Š” ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
So remember these different structures.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
09:26
Let's continue.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
09:27
Upon taking office in January, he would slapย  an across the board tariff on all products.
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๊ทธ๋Š” 1์›” ์ทจ์ž„ํ•˜์ž๋งˆ์ž ๋ชจ๋“  ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ „๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
OK, let's review this verb because slap isย  when you you hit with your hand like that.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, slap์€ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:44
So in this case, you can think of it as to impose,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ถ€๊ณผ,
09:48
introduce or enforce, butย  in a sudden or forceful way.
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๋„์ž… ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œํ–‰์ด ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•์ œ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
Just like when you slap, it'sย  usually sudden and forceful as well.
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๋•Œ๋ฆด ๋•Œ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
In a professional context, youย  could say the new CEO slapped.
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์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒˆ CEO๊ฐ€ ๋บจ์„ ๋•Œ๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
Strict rules on employees,ย  so enforced or introduced.
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์ง์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์‹œํ–‰๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
And because slap is a verb,ย  you need to conjugate it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  slap์€ ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
So in this case, it's in the past.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
Simple, the new CEO slappedย  with a soft T slapped slapped.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒˆ CEO๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด T์ž ๋บจ์„ ๋•Œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
So in this case he would slap and across theย  border tariff and across the board tariff.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋„˜์–ด ๊ด€์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
This means that the tariff wouldย  apply to everything across the board.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ด€์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
Now, in this case, across the boardย  is negative because it means that allย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋“ 
10:42
products will have this tariff, butย  you could use it in a positive way.
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์ œํ’ˆ์— ์ด ๊ด€์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
The new CEO introduced anย  across the board bonus plan.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด CEO๋Š” ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๋„์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
So across the board is an adjective.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
In this case, it describes the bonus plan and itย  sounds like it means it is for all, for everyone.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
So it's not just for the salesย  department, it's for sales,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Š” ์˜์—… ๋ถ€์„œ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์˜์—…,
11:08
marketing, administration,ย  everyone across the board.
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๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…, ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
So it can positive as well,ย  but because it's positive,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— slap์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ
11:17
I wouldn't use slap becauseย  slap sounds like it's negative.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— slap์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:22
So I changed it to introduced the new CEO,ย  introduced an across the board bonus plan.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ƒˆ CEO๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
Woohoo, let's continue neitherย  the prime minister's office.
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์šฐํ›„, ์ด๋ฆฌ์ง๋„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์ž .
11:33
So in this case, it's not Justin Trudeau who isย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฆฌ์ธ ์ €์Šคํ‹ด ํŠธ๋คผ๋„๊ฐ€
11:36
the Prime Minister is the primeย  minister's minister's office.
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์ด๋ฆฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•˜๋Š”
11:41
So it's the office, the people whoย  who work for the Prime Minister.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:46
Neither the prime minister'sย  office nor Trump's team haveย ย 
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์ด๋ฆฌ์‹ค์ด๋‚˜ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ํŒ€ ๋ชจ๋‘
11:52
responded to a request for comment on the visit.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผํ‰ ์š”์ฒญ์— ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
Ah, neither.
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์•„, ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค.
11:58
Nor does the use of that confuse you?
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด๋„ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:01
Do you feel a little intimidated using it?
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๊ฒ์ด ๋‚˜๋‚˜์š”?
12:04
Well, don't worry, even nativeย  speakers get this one wrong.
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๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด๋ผ๋„ ์ด ๋ง์€ ํ‹€๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
So let's review that.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
Neither nor are used as negation.
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nor ๋„ ๋ถ€์ •์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
So neither X nor Y means not X, not Y.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ X๋‚˜ Y๋Š” X๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  Y๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
Neither John nor Mary can present.
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John์ด๋‚˜ Mary๋„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
This means John cannotย  present, Mary cannot present.
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์ฆ‰, John์€ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ  Mary๋Š” ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
But if you change that to either Xย  or Y, this means only one, not both.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฅผ X ๋˜๋Š” Y๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
Either John or Mary can present.
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John์ด๋‚˜ Mary๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
One person can present, not both.
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ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
In this case, we don't know who will present, butย  we know it will be 1, and with neither it's zero.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ 1์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค 0์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
So in this case, it means the Primeย  Minister's Office didn't commentย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฆฌ์‹ค์ด ๋…ผํ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ 
13:00
and Trump's team didn't comment.
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ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ์ธก๋„ ๋…ผํ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
The trip was not included onย  Trudeau's public itinerary for Friday.
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์ด ์—ฌํ–‰์€ Trudeau์˜ ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์ผ์ •์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
Do you know what an itinerary is?
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์—ฌํ–‰ ์ผ์ •์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
13:12
An itinerary.
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์—ฌ์ •.
13:13
Repeat after me Itinerary Itinerary.
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๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌํ–‰ ์ผ์ •.
13:18
An itinerary is a detailed planย  or schedule of activities andย ย 
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์—ฌํ–‰ ์ผ์ •์€ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๊ณ„ํš ๋˜๋Š” ํ™œ๋™ ์ผ์ •์ด๋ฉฐ
13:23
we generally prepare this for a trip or an event.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰์ด๋‚˜ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
So here is not a detailed 1.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1.
13:31
You would have a lot more details, but itย  would tell you OK, 8:00 breakfast and itย ย 
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ 8์‹œ ์•„์นจ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
13:35
would probably include the locationย  and even the transportation options.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์œ„์น˜ ์™€ ๊ตํ†ต ์˜ต์…˜๊นŒ์ง€ ํฌํ•จ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:40
So you would include moreย  details than just breakfast.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„์นจ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
10 museum again, address.
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10 ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€ ๋‹ค์‹œ, ์ฃผ์†Œ.
13:46
How will you get there?
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”?
13:48
11 tour.
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11 ํˆฌ์–ด.
13:49
So maybe you have a tour booked at the museum.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€ ํˆฌ์–ด๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์•ฝํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
It starts at 11 and then you continue on.
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11์‹œ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:55
630 dinner and then you just continue on.
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630 ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
13:57
So it would be your day from start to finishย  and everything that you're going to do.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์ด์ž ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
This is similar to an agenda,ย  but it's more the context.
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์ด๋Š” ์•ˆ๊ฑด๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ๋” ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:06
So Jen, an agenda is a list of tasks orย ย 
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Jen, ์˜์ œ๋Š” ์ž‘์—… ๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก
14:10
topics and it's generally used forย  meetings, discussions or events.
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์ด๋ฉฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ์˜, ํ† ๋ก  ๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:14
So the agenda would include what areย  you discussing or what are you doing?
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜์ œ์—๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋…ผ์˜ ์ค‘์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
14:21
So for your personal tripsย  you would plan an itinerary.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์—ฌํ–‰์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ฌํ–‰ ์ผ์ •์„ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
For your work day you could have an agenda.
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๊ทผ๋ฌด์ผ์—๋Š” ์ผ์ •์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
So the trip the trip taking place here was notย  included on Trudeau's public itinerary for Friday.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ์—ฌํ–‰์€ ํŠธ๋คผ๋„์˜ ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์ผ์ •์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
This sounds like it wasn't publicly advertised.
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๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™๋ณด๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:42
They didn't want a lot of people to know about it.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:45
The two men will have dinner, a source said.
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๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์†Œ์‹ํ†ต์€ ์ „ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
14:49
So again, a source is someone who is sharing thisย  information anonymously to protect their identity.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ถœ์ฒ˜๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‹ ์›์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ต๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
For whatever reason, Trump hasย  been at his Mara Largo estate.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ด์œ ์—์„œ๋“  ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋งˆ๋ผ ๋ผ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์œ ์ง€์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
So in this case, the his belongs to Donald Trumpย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๋ฌผ์€ Donald Trump์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:05
because Donald Trump is the oneย  who owns the Mara Largo estate.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด Donald Trump๊ฐ€ Mara Largo ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:09
Trump has been at his Mara Largo estateย  meeting with his transition team.
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ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋Š” ์ธ์ˆ˜ํŒ€๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋งˆ๋ผ ๋ผ๋ฅด๊ณ (Mara Largo) ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ํšŒ์˜์— ์ฐธ์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
15:14
Trudeau is reported to be the first G7 leaderย  to visit the president-elect since the election.
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ํŠธ๋คผ๋„ ์ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ ๊ฑฐ ์ดํ›„ ๋‹น์„ ์ธ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ์ฒซ G7 ์ง€๋„์ž๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ๋‹ค .
15:22
Notice here how they use reportedย  to be reported to be the the.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
15:27
The use of this word is important becauseย  it suggests that this may not be true.
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•”์‹œํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:34
So he is reported to be.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค.
15:36
People think he is but rememberย  meetings take place in privateย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํšŒ์˜๋Š” ๋น„๊ณต๊ฐœ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉฐ
15:43
and the public may not know ofย  other meetings that have takenย ย 
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๋Œ€์ค‘์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšŒ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ˆ˜
15:48
place so that's why they use reportedย  because it cannot be 100% confirmed.
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ 100% ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณด๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:53
This is commonly used as an adverb and againย  it is important because it changes the meaning.
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์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:01
If you said she threatened to quit withoutย  reportedly it sounds like a statement of fact.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ง„์ˆ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:09
But if you add in she reportedly threatened toย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ˜‘๋ฐ•ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ง๋ถ™์ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
16:13
quit, this means someone told me thisย  happened but I'm not 100% it's true.
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, ์ด๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ 100% ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:21
So it really does change the meaning.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:23
It's an important use and a good word to remember,ย ย 
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์šฉ๋ฒ•์ด๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:27
and it can be used as the adjectiveย  form here and the adverb as well.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋กœ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
Let's continue.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
16:35
Trudeau has often underscored that the twoย  countries, Canada and the US, because youย ย 
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ํŠธ๋คผ๋„๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‘ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌํ˜‘์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜
16:42
need the in front of United States that the twoย  countries were able to successfully renegotiate.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € ๋‘ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ž์ฃผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
16:49
So when you add re before theย  verb, notice that pronunciation,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ ์•ž์— re๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
16:53
it's a strong E re renegotiateย  and it means to do the verb again.
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๊ฐ•ํ•œ E re renegotiate ์ด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:00
So I recommend that you re watchย  this lesson because you need toย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
17:07
learn everything in detail andย  most likely you need to re watchย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:11
it to make sure you fully understandย  everything that I'm teaching right now.
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.
17:16
So what did they negotiate again?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ˜‘์ƒํ–ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?
17:18
A major trade pact during Trump's firstย  term, his first term as president.
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ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž„๊ธฐ, ์ฆ‰ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์ž„๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฌด์—ญ ํ˜‘์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:26
Before we move on, let's talk about_as a verb.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ about_์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:31
To_means to emphasize or highlight andย  is conjugated in the present perfect.
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To_๋Š” ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋ฉฐ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:38
And when you emphasize highlight_you, makeย  something clear obvious, well, known it's.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ highlight_you๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
17:47
Actually the same as the verb to highlight which,ย  is what I JUST did to the word successfully and.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ which๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ and๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์— ํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:53
Why do I HIGHLIGHT things here to?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ•˜์ด๋ผ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
17:56
Make them more obvious more, clear to,ย  make them stand out more, visible so.
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๋” ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๊ฒŒ, ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ๋” ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๊ฒŒ, ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ์„ธ์š”.
18:02
That's what emphasize highlight, and_mean so.
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ํ•˜์ด๋ผ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
18:06
To give an example previously, Jenniferย  Underscored I, UNDERSCORED this, is the verb so.
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์ด์ „์— ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด Jennifer Underscored I, UNDERSCORED this๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ so์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:12
Here it's in the past simple Jennifer underscoredย  the importance of re watching this lesson.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” Jennifer๊ฐ€ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:19
So notice this structure youย  can use the importance of andย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ
18:23
then your gerund because of is a preposition.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:27
Jennifer underscored highlighted emphasizedย  the importance of re watching this lesson.
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๊ฐ•์กฐ๋œ Jennifer๋Š” ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:33
And that's true.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‹ค.
18:34
I did that a few minutes ago.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ์ „์— ๊ทธ๋žฌ์–ด์š”.
18:36
Let's continue on, though.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์ž.
18:38
The relationship between the two leaders,ย ย 
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๋‘ ์ง€๋„์ž
18:41
Justin Trudeau and Donald Trump,ย  has a occasionally been rocky.
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์ €์Šคํ‹ด ํŠธ๋คผ๋„์™€ ๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:46
Oh, what do you think?
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์•„, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?
18:47
Does this mean their relationshipย  has been positive or negative?
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์ด๋Š” ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋‚˜์š”, ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
18:52
What would you say?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
18:53
Happy face thumbs up or :( thumbs down?
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ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ์–ผ๊ตด ์—„์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ์น˜์ผœ์„ธ์šฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ :( ์—„์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”?
18:57
Hmm has occasionally been rocky.
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ํ  ๊ฐ€๋” rockyํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:01
So notice this verb here, the verb toย  be conjugated in the present perfect.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:06
So we have to be rocky.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” rocky์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:09
Rocky is our adjective.
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Rocky๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:11
Well, this is negative because it meansย  to have difficulties or challenges.
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์Œ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:16
So you describe something as rocky.
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
19:19
Their marriage, their relationship, theirย  business partnership is rocky and it means thatย ย 
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๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ์ƒํ™œ, ๊ด€๊ณ„, ์‚ฌ์—… ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์‹ญ์ด ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋ฉฐ
19:29
they are having challenges.
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19:31
They are having difficulties.
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์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป
19:34
There's another expression that is also commonlyย  used, especially with personal relationships.
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๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:41
Their marriage is on the rocks,ย ย 
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19:43
on the rocks and it means the exactย  same thing which is to be rocky.
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19:48
Their marriage is rocky.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ์ƒํ™œ์€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”
19:49
Their marriage is on the rocks.
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๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ์ƒํ™œ์ด ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:52
So though the relationship between the twoย  leaders has occasionally had challenges, hadย ย 
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์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ๊ณ 
19:59
difficulties, has occasionally been rocky.
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:02
Let's continue on Friday, speakingย  at an event in Prince Edward Island.
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๊ธˆ์š”์ผ์— ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ํ”„๋ฆฐ์Šค ์—๋“œ์›Œ๋“œ ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ํ–‰์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
20:07
This is a location in Canada, inย  Prince Edward Island, Trudeau said.
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20:13
The two countries rolled up our sleeves.
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๋‘ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์†Œ๋งค๋ฅผ ๊ฑท์–ด๋ถ™์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. .
20:17
So notice this is in quotationย  marks, which means Trudeau said this.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋”ฐ์˜ดํ‘œ๋กœ ๋ฌถ์—ฌ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด๋Š” Trudeau๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:21
So he would have said we rolled up our sleevesย  because the two countries, but as a subject,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋‘ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ํŒ”์„ ๊ฑท์–ด๋ถ™์ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์„ ํ…๋ฐ , ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ๋Š”
20:27
it would have been Trudeau'sย  country and Donald Trump's country.
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ํŠธ๋คผ๋„์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ, ๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜€์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:32
So coming from Trudeau, he would haveย  said we rolled up our sleeves and we'reย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํŠธ๋คผ๋„ ์ถœ์‹ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋งค๋ฅผ ๊ฑท์–ด๋ถ™์ด๊ณ 
20:38
able and we were able to createย  jobs on both sides of the border.
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๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ์–‘์ชฝ์—์„œ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:45
So it means in Canada and in the US, theย  US don't forget that in Canada, in the US,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ
20:53
both sides of the border, to roll up one's sleevesย  is an idiom which means to prepare for hard work.
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๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ์–‘์ชฝ์—์„œ ์†Œ๋งค๋ฅผ ๊ฑท์–ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•  ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ๊ด€์šฉ์–ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
21:03
And roll up is if you had long sleeves and you,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋กค์—…์€ ๊ธด ์†Œ๋งค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
21:07
you moved them up to roll up your sleeves,ย  which you might do before you start working.
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์†Œ๋งค๋ฅผ ๋กค์—…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์†Œ๋งค๋ฅผ ๋กค์—…ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:14
So I could say to my students, let's roll upย  our sleeves and learn the present perfect.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํŒ”์„ ๊ฑท์–ด๋ถ™์ด๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:21
Now by saying this, this suggests that learningย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํž˜๋“  ์ผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:24
the present perfect is hard work becauseย  you use this expression before hard work.
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์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:31
So if you're ready to rollย  up your sleeves and improveย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์†Œ๋งค๋ฅผ ๊ฑท์–ด๋ถ™์ด๊ณ 
21:35
your English fluency, put let's go, let's go.
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์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
21:38
Put, let's go.
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๋„ฃ์–ด, ๊ฐ€์ž.
21:39
In the comments.
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๋Œ“๊ธ€์—์„œ.
21:40
He said he looked forward to havingย  many great conversations with Trump.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์™€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ข‹์€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:45
So the he is Justin Trudeau because heย  was the last speaker, our last noun.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์—ฐ์„ค์ž์ด์ž ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— Justin Trudeau์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:51
So he said he looked forward to.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”. ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”
21:55
Don't forget that the expressionย  is to look forward to something.
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ํ‘œํ˜„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š” .
22:02
Now, because to belongs to the expression lookย  forward to is followed by the verb and ING.
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์ด์ œ to๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์— ์†ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋’ค์— ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ING๊ฐ€ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:09
This is a mistake I see aย  lot of students make now.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‚ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š”
22:12
You can use the gerund verb or a nounย  following look forward to look is your verb.
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๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
22:19
So this is what you conjugate,ย  in this case, the past simple.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:22
So hopefully you're thinking right now.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:25
I look forward to your next lesson.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:28
So this is the noun.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:30
What if I wanted to add a gerund?
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๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
22:32
What could I say or whatย  could you so say in this case?
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
22:36
I look forward to watching your next lesson.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:41
So in this case, having doesn'tย  need to be there because manyย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
22:46
great conversations with Trump is the noun.
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Trump์™€์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— had๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์„ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:48
And you can look forward to many greatย  conversations with Trump without the noun.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด๋„ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์™€์˜ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:54
But if you add that noun or the verb, excuse me,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:57
if you add the verb, make sure it'sย  the gerund, your verb with ING.
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๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ING๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
23:01
The Florida visit is the latest move byย  Canada as it seeks to avoid the hefty tariffs.
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ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์€ ๋†’์€ ๊ด€์„ธ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ทจํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ์กฐ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:10
OK, so notice here the Floridaย  the is not attached to Florida.
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:15
That would be grammatically incorrectย  because Florida does not take an article.
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ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:20
the United States as anย  exception, uses an article.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:25
So why is the here?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์™œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
23:27
Because it's the visit.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.
23:29
Visit is your noun.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:31
The visit.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ.
23:32
What type of visit?
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์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
23:33
The Florida visit.
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ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ.
23:34
So Florida describes the visit.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:37
The Florida visit is the latest move byย  Canada as it seeks to avoid the hefty tariffs.
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ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์€ ๋†’์€ ๊ด€์„ธ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ทจํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ์กฐ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:45
What does hefty mean?
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๋ฌด๊ฒ๋‹ค์€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
23:47
So it's an adjective.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:48
It describes the tariffs.
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์š”๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:50
Well, you might get the senseย  that they're large or severe.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:55
Large or severe.
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ํฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:57
You can use this to describeย  a quantity like here, tariffs.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€์„ธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:01
That would be the quantity, the amount 25%.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰, ๊ธˆ์•ก์€ 25%๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:05
Wow, that's hefty.
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์™€, ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๋„ค์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
24:06
You could say that's a heftyย  fine that you have to pay for,ย ย 
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์ง€๋ถˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ,
24:10
perhaps a parking ticket, orย  that's a hefty punishment.
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์ฃผ์ฐจ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ ๋”ฑ์ง€, ๋˜๋Š” ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ
24:15
That sounds more like a severeย  punishment because it doesn'tย ย 
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24:18
sound like there is an amount attached toย  that punishment or that's a hefty donation.
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์— ๊ธˆ์•ก์ด ๋ถ™์–ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ์•ก์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฝค ํฐ
24:25
That sounds like an amount, and in thisย  case, it's positive that it's hefty.
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๊ธˆ์•ก์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ, ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์–‘์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๋‹ค.
24:30
So it can be negative with a fine or a tariff,ย  but it can also be positive with a donation.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ด€์„ธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ธ์ •์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:37
Or you can also use this to meanย  large in terms of physical size.
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๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:41
That's a hefty box as well.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ์ƒ์ž๋กœ์š”.
24:45
So Canada seeks to avoid the hefty tariffsย  which could have wide reaching economic impacts.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋†’์€ ๊ด€์„ธ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:52
You could also use the across the boardย  economic impacts, but if you say that,ย ย 
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์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด
24:58
it means that this tariff would impact everyย  sector, every area of the economy in Canada.
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์ด ๊ด€์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€๋ฌธ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์—ญ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:06
So I'm not sure if that's true,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
25:09
but you could technically say that couldย  have across the board economic impacts.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:16
And that's the end of the article.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:18
So what I'll do now is I'll readย  the article from start to finishย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฝ๊ณ 
25:21
and this time you can focus on my pronunciation.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:24
Trudeau in Florida to meetย  Trump after tariff threatย ย 
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ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์˜ ํŠธ๋คผ๋„, ๊ด€์„ธ ์œ„ํ˜‘ ํ›„ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ
25:28
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau is in Florida toย  meet Donald Trump as Canada seeks to head off theย ย 
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€
25:34
president elects threat to impose a 25% tariff onย  Canadian guns, a source has confirmed to the BBC.
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๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์ด๊ธฐ์— 25% ๊ด€์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์ €์Šคํ‹ด ํŠธ๋คผ๋„ ์ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์†Œ์‹ํ†ต์ด BBC์— ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:41
Canadian media reported thatย  Trudeau landed on Fridayย ย 
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์–ธ๋ก ์€ ํŠธ๋คผ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ
25:45
evening to visit Trump at his Mara Largo estate.
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์ €๋… ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋งˆ๋ผ ๋ผ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์œ ์ง€์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:48
The two spoke by phone earlier in theย  week after Trump announced that uponย ย 
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๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด
25:53
taking office in January, he would slap anย  across the border tariff on all productsย ย 
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1์›” ์ทจ์ž„ํ•˜์ž๋งˆ์ž
25:58
entering the US from Mexico and Canada.
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์™€ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋„˜์–ด ๊ด€์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ์ง€ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ์ดˆ์— ์ „ํ™” ํ†ตํ™”๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:02
Neither the Prime Minister'sย  Office nor Trump's team haveย ย 
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์ด๋ฆฌ์‹ค์ด๋‚˜ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ํŒ€ ๋ชจ๋‘
26:05
responded to a request for comment on the visit.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผํ‰ ์š”์ฒญ์— ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:08
The trip was not included onย  Trudeau's public itinerary for Friday.
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์ด ์—ฌํ–‰์€ Trudeau์˜ ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์ผ์ •์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:13
The two men will have dinner, a source said.
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๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์†Œ์‹ํ†ต์€ ์ „ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
26:16
Trump has been at his Mara Largo estateย  meeting with his transition team.
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ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋Š” ์ธ์ˆ˜ํŒ€๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋งˆ๋ผ ๋ผ๋ฅด๊ณ (Mara Largo) ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ํšŒ์˜์— ์ฐธ์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
26:20
Trudeau is reported to be the first G7 leaderย  to visit the president-elect since the election.
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ํŠธ๋คผ๋„ ์ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ ๊ฑฐ ์ดํ›„ ๋‹น์„ ์ธ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ์ฒซ G7 ์ง€๋„์ž๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ๋‹ค .
26:27
Trudeau has often underscoredย  that the two countries were ableย ย 
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ํŠธ๋คผ๋„๋Š”
26:30
to successfully renegotiate a majorย  trade pact during Trump's first term,ย ย 
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ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ์ฒซ ์ž„๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์–‘๊ตญ์ด ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฌด์—ญ ํ˜‘์ •์„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌํ˜‘์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ข…์ข… ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
26:36
though the relationship between the twoย  leaders has occasionally been rocky.
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๋‘ ์ง€๋„์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:40
On Friday, speaking at an event in Princeย  Edward Island, Trudeau said the two countriesย ย 
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๊ธˆ์š”์ผ ํ”„๋ฆฐ์Šค ์—๋“œ์›Œ๋“œ ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ํ–‰์‚ฌ์—์„œ Trudeau๋Š” ๋‘ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€
26:46
rolled up our sleeves and were able toย  create jobs on both sides of the border.
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ํŒ”์„ ๊ฑท์–ด๋ถ™์ด๊ณ  ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ์–‘์ชฝ์—์„œ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:51
He said he looked forward to havingย  many great conversations with Trump.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์™€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ข‹์€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:56
The Florida visit is the latest moveย  by Canada as it seeks to avoid theย ย 
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ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ…Œ๋ผ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์›€์ง์ž„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
27:00
hefty terrace which could haveย  wide reaching economic impacts.
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.
27:05
Do you want to keep learningย  English with the news?
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๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
27:07
If you do put let's go, let's go,ย  put, let's go in the comments.
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๋†”๋‘์‹œ๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”, ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”, ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
27:12
And of course, make sure you like this lesson,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์…จ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ,
27:14
share it with your friends and subscribe soย  you're notified every time I post a new lesson.
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์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:19
And you can get this free speakingย  guide where I share 6 tips on howย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
27:22
to speak English fluently and confidently.
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์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:25
You can click here to download download itย  or look for the link in the description.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
27:28
And I have another lesson I know you'llย  love, so make sure you watch it now.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ข‹์•„ํ•  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ผญ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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