Writing - Passive verbs with 'that' clauses - "It is thought that..."

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2013-04-08 ・ English with Alex


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Writing - Passive verbs with 'that' clauses - "It is thought that..."

245,227 views ・ 2013-04-08

English with Alex


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:02
Hey guys, I'm Alex. Thanks for clicking, and welcome to this lesson on passive verbs with
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„, μ €λŠ” μ•Œλ ‰μŠ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 클릭해 μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. "that" 절이 μžˆλŠ” μˆ˜λ™νƒœ 동사 κ°•μ˜μ— μ˜€μ‹  것을 ν™˜μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
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"that" clauses. Okay, this is going to help you in your debates, your arguments, and your
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. μ’‹μ•„μš”, 이것은 λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ ν† λ‘ , λ…ΌμŸ,
00:14
academic essays.
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ν•™μˆ  에세이에 도움이 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:16
So this is for advanced learners who are either going into university, writing essays in high
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 이것은 λŒ€ν•™μ— μ§„ν•™ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
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school, college, university -- any level of higher education. So here we have -- let's
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고등학ꡐ, λŒ€ν•™, λŒ€ν•™ λ“± λͺ¨λ“  μˆ˜μ€€μ˜ κ³ λ“± κ΅μœ‘μ—μ„œ 에세이λ₯Ό μž‘μ„±ν•˜λŠ” κ³ κΈ‰ ν•™μŠ΅μžλ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 여기에 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
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look at the three sentences first.
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λ¨Όμ € μ„Έ λ¬Έμž₯을 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
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And we can first notice a passive structure, so we have to understand what passive actually
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ¨Όμ € μˆ˜λ™νƒœ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„μ°¨λ¦΄ 수 μžˆμœΌλ―€λ‘œ μˆ˜λ™νƒœκ°€ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 무엇을
00:38
means and what a "that" clause is. So we have for example, "It was claimed by Copernicus
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μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ”μ§€ 그리고 "κ·Έ" 절이 무엇인지 이해해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ "μ½”νŽ˜λ₯΄λ‹ˆμΏ μŠ€λŠ”
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that we lived in a heliocentric universe." "Heliocentric" means the sun is the center
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ νƒœμ–‘ μ€‘μ‹¬μ˜ μš°μ£Όμ— μ‚΄μ•˜λ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€." "νƒœμ–‘ 쀑심섀"은 νƒœμ–‘μ΄
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of the universe and everything else goes around the sun.
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우주의 쀑심이고 λ‹€λ₯Έ λͺ¨λ“  것은 νƒœμ–‘ μ£Όμœ„λ₯Ό λˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
So here we have "it was claimed". Now this is just a simple past passive sentence: "It
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 여기에 "μ£Όμž₯λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이제 이것은 λ‹¨μˆœν•œ κ³Όκ±° μˆ˜λ™νƒœ λ¬Έμž₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. "그것은
01:07
was claimed." By who? By Copernicus, and here we have the "that" clause: "that we lived".
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μ£Όμž₯λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€." λˆ„κ΅¬μ— μ˜ν•΄? μ½”νŽ˜λ₯΄λ‹ˆμΏ μŠ€μ— μ˜ν•΄, 그리고 여기에 "저것" 절이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€: "μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚΄μ•˜λ‹€".
01:18
Well, we do live, "in a heliocentric universe", okay?
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음, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” " 지동 쀑심적 우주"μ—μ„œ μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€, μ•Œμ•˜μ£ ?
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So first you have the passive construction, when you are talking about making an argument,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ λ¨Όμ € μˆ˜λ™μ  ꡬ성이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ£Όμž₯,
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or a claim, or a belief, a theory, and here we have the "that" clause, but what was claimed?
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μ£Όμž₯, 신념, 이둠을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ 말할 λ•Œ 여기에 "the" 절이 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ μ£Όμž₯된 것은 λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
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What was believed? What was said "that we lived in a heliocentric universe" back in Copernicus's
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무엇을 λ―Ώμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ? μ½”νŽ˜λ₯΄λ‹ˆμΏ μŠ€ μ‹œλŒ€μ— "μš°λ¦¬λŠ” νƒœμ–‘ 쀑심 μš°μ£Όμ— μ‚΄μ•˜λ‹€"κ³  λ§ν•œ 것
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day. That's what he said. And we still do, and obviously do live in a heliocentric universe.
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. 그것이 κ·Έκ°€ λ§ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ νƒœμ–‘ μ€‘μ‹¬μ˜ μš°μ£Όμ— μ‚΄κ³  있으며 λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
Let's look at couple of more examples, two more sentences, and then we'll look at some
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λͺ‡ 가지 μ˜ˆμ™€ 두 λ¬Έμž₯을 더 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³  ν•™μˆ  에세이
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academic verbs, common verbs that you can use in your academic essays. "It is thought that
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μ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” ν•™μˆ  동사, 일반 동사λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . "
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Michael Jordan was the best basketball player ever." So here you see the "it" structure
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마이클 μ‘°λ˜μ€ μ—­λŒ€ 졜고의 농ꡬ μ„ μˆ˜λΌκ³  μƒκ°λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€ ." μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ "it" ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό
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again, you have "it", plus the verb "to be", plus the passive verb. "It is thought", by who?
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "it"에 동사 "to be"와 μˆ˜λ™ 동사가 λ”ν•΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€. "생각이닀", λˆ„κ΅¬μ— μ˜ν•΄?
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Here, you don't have to say "by" because it is thought by many people. It's obvious. You
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œλŠ” "by"라고 말할 ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그것은 λͺ…λ°±ν•˜λ‹€.
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don't have to say by who in this situation. It is thought by many people. What is thought
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이 μƒν™©μ—μ„œ λˆ„κ°€ 말할 ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 것은 λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ
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by many people? "That Michael Jordan was the best basketball player ever", okay? Same construction.
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? "κ·Έ 마이클 μ‘°λ˜μ€ μ—­λŒ€ 졜고의 농ꡬ μ„ μˆ˜μ˜€λ‹€", μ•Œμ•˜μ§€? 같은 곡사.
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Now let's look at the third example. "It is theorized that aliens built the pyramids."
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이제 μ„Έ 번째 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. " 외계인이 ν”ΌλΌλ―Έλ“œλ₯Ό μ§€μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 이둠이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."
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Who knows? Well, I think we do know. This is probably wrong. However, it is theorized -- there
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λˆ„κ°€ μ•Œμ•„? κΈ€μŽ„, λ‚˜λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이것은 μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 잘λͺ»λœ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 그것은 μ΄λ‘ ν™”λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
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is a theory of conspiracy theorists. "It is theorized that aliens built the pyramids."
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음λͺ¨ μ΄λ‘ κ°€μ˜ 이둠이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. " 외계인이 ν”ΌλΌλ―Έλ“œλ₯Ό μ§€μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 이둠이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."
02:57
Okay? So now that we have the structure: "it", plus the verb "to be", plus the passive verb,
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μ’‹μ•„μš”? 이제 "it", " to be" 동사, μˆ˜λ™ 동사와 같은 ꡬ쑰가 μžˆμœΌλ―€λ‘œ
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let's look at some academic verbs that you can use in these passive constructions and
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μˆ˜λ™ ꡬ쑰와
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"that" clauses. So we have -- and you can work on the pronunciation, too -- so if you're having
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"that" μ ˆμ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ‡ 가지 ν•™μˆ  동사λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” -- 그리고 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ 도 λ°œμŒμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 연ꡬ할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ --
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a debate with somebody; "allege", "assume", "believe", "claim", "fear", "feel", "hold",
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λˆ„κ΅°κ°€μ™€ 토둠을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λ©΄; "μ£Όμž₯ν•˜λ‹€", "κ°€μ •ν•˜λ‹€" , "λ―Ώλ‹€", "μ£Όμž₯ν•˜λ‹€", "λ‘λ €μ›Œν•˜λ‹€", "λŠλΌλ‹€", "μœ μ§€ν•˜λ‹€", "
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"postulate", "predict", "say", "theorize", and "think".
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κ°€μ •ν•˜λ‹€", "μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜λ‹€", "λ§ν•˜λ‹€", "μ΄λ‘ ν™”ν•˜λ‹€", "μƒκ°ν•˜λ‹€".
03:40
Many of these verbs simply mean "it was said", "it was believed", to some degree. I know
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이 동사듀 쀑 λ‹€μˆ˜λŠ” λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ "그것이 λ§ν•΄μ‘Œλ‹€", "그것이 λ―Ώμ–΄μ‘Œλ‹€"λ₯Ό μ–΄λŠ 정도 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ €λŠ”
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most of you probably know verbs like "believe", "say", "think", perhaps you even know "claim",
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ΄ "λ―Ώλ‹€", "λ§ν•˜λ‹€", "μƒκ°ν•˜λ‹€"와 같은 동사λ₯Ό μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ„ 것이고 μ•„λ§ˆλ„ "
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but verbs such as "allege" or "postulate" or "hold", might be new to you. So in this
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μ£Όμž₯"도 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. . λ”°λΌμ„œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μƒν™©μ—μ„œ
04:04
situation let me give you some quick explanations about each of these higher level verbs that
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04:11
you can use, and that you can adapt and adopt for your own academic purposes.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 있고 μžμ‹ μ˜ ν•™μ—… λͺ©μ μ— 맞게 μ μ‘ν•˜κ³  채택할 수 μžˆλŠ” 각 κ³ κΈ‰ 동사에 λŒ€ν•œ κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ μ„€λͺ…을 λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
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We have "allege". "Allege" is similar to "assume", okay? So this is something that a person said
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” "μ£Όμž₯"이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "Allege"λŠ” "assume"κ³Ό λΉ„μŠ·ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€, μ•Œμ•˜μ£ ? κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이것은 μ–΄λ–€ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λ§ν–ˆκ³ 
04:26
and they believed it, they assumed it to be true, okay? We can say "it was alleged by
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그듀은 그것을 λ―Ώμ—ˆκ³  그것이 사싀이라고 κ°€μ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "μ½”νŽ˜λ₯΄λ‹ˆμΏ μŠ€μ— μ˜ν•΄ μ£Όμž₯λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€
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Copernicus", "it was claimed by Copernicus", "It was assumed by Copernicus", as well.
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", "μ½”νŽ˜λ₯΄λ‹ˆμΏ μŠ€μ— μ˜ν•΄ μ£Όμž₯λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€", "μ½”νŽ˜λ₯΄λ‹ˆμΏ μŠ€μ— μ˜ν•΄ κ°€μ •λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€"라고 말할 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:41
Okay? "Claimed" -- if a person makes a "claim", they are saying that something is probably true, okay?
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μ’‹μ•„μš”? "μ£Όμž₯됨" -- μ–΄λ–€ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ "μ£Όμž₯"을 ν•˜λ©΄ λ­”κ°€ 사싀일 κ°€λŠ₯성이 λ†’λ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€, μ•Œμ•˜μ£ ?
04:52
So again just like we have here, "It was claimed by Copernicus", this is what he said. I know
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‹€μ‹œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 여기에 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ "그것은 μ½”νŽ˜λ₯΄λ‹ˆμΏ μŠ€μ— μ˜ν•΄ μ£Όμž₯λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€", 이것이 κ·Έκ°€ λ§ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‚˜λŠ”
04:58
you understand "fear", "feel". "Hold" -- okay, if you know the verb "hold", you can probably
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당신이 "두렀움", "λŠλ‚Œ"을 μ΄ν•΄ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€. "Hold" -- μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "hold"λΌλŠ” 동사λ₯Ό μ•Œκ³  μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
05:05
imagine its use in an academic setting, or in a debate setting, in an argument setting.
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학문적 ν™˜κ²½μ΄λ‚˜ ν† λ‘  ν™˜κ²½, λ…ΌμŸ ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” 것을 상상할 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:11
If I say, "It is held by many people that Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of
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"λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 마이클 쑰던이 역사상 κ°€μž₯ μœ„λŒ€ν•œ 농ꡬ μ„ μˆ˜λΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:18
all time.", they hold that belief to be true. They hold it close to them.
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."라고 λ§ν•˜λ©΄ 그듀은 κ·Έ λ―ΏμŒμ„ μ‚¬μ‹€λ‘œ λ°›μ•„λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그듀은 그것을 κ·Έλ“€ κ°€κΉŒμ΄μ— λΆ™λ“€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:24
Sorry about that, guys. I touched the microphone. Now "postulate", similar to "theorize" in
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μ£„μ†‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‚˜λŠ” 마이크λ₯Ό λ§Œμ‘Œλ‹€. 이제 이 μƒν™©μ—μ„œ "이둠화"와 μœ μ‚¬ν•œ "κ°€μ •"ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:35
this situation. They said a theory, okay? All right guys, that's it. That's all we have
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. 그듀은 이둠을 λ§ν–ˆλ‹€, μ•Œμ•˜μ§€? μ’‹μ•„, 그게 λ‹€μ•Ό. 이것이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€
05:42
to say about this. So if you'd like to test your understanding of these academic verbs,
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이것에 λŒ€ν•΄ 말해야 ν•  μ „λΆ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν•™μˆ  동사에 λŒ€ν•œ 이해도λ₯Ό ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄
05:47
which I hope you will use in your essays, in universities, in colleges, even in
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에세이, λŒ€ν•™, λŒ€ν•™, 심지어
05:53
high school. They can make your work sound at that next level.
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κ³ λ“±ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œλ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€. 그듀은 λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ μž‘μ—…μ„ λ‹€μŒ μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œ μ†Œλ¦¬λ‚˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:58
If you want to test your understanding of this, and this structure in particular, you
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이것, 특히 이 ꡬ쑰에 λŒ€ν•œ 이해도λ₯Ό ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄ www.EngVid.com
06:02
can check out the quiz on www.EngVid.com . Good luck and take care.
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μ—μ„œ ν€΄μ¦ˆλ₯Ό 확인할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . ν–‰μš΄μ„ λΉ•λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:07
Learn English for free www.engvid.com
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무료둜 μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό λ°°μš°μ„Έμš” www.engvid.com
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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