Writing Skills: When to use commas with AND, BUT, OR, FOR, SO, YET...

249,780 views ใƒป 2012-07-09

English with Alex


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hey, guys. I'm Alex. Thanks for clicking, and welcome to this lesson on conjunctions
0
0
7600
ใญใˆใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆ›ธใ่พผใฟใฎ ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใ
00:07
in writing. In this lesson, we are going to focus on the most common coordinating conjunctions
1
7600
6240
ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่ชฟๆ•ด
00:13
in English, "and," "so," "but," and "or," and we're going to focus on improving your writing.
2
13840
7400
ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใ€Œandใ€ใ€Œsoใ€ใ€Œbutใ€ใ€Œorใ€ ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใ€ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใฎๆ”นๅ–„ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚
00:21
Okay? So I know that you guys understand what "and" means, right? "And," in addition. "So,"
3
21240
6840
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œandใ€ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€Œใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
00:28
as a result. "But," to add contrast. Or, when you give a choice, right? But in this lesson,
4
28080
6880
ใ€็ตๆžœใจใ—ใฆใ€‚ ใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ ใ€้ธๆŠž่‚ขใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉž
00:34
I want to focus more on the punctuation we use when we use conjunctions, coordinating
5
34960
5920
ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฅ่ชญ็‚นใ€็‰นใซๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใ‚’่ชฟๆ•ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚‚ใฃใจ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„
00:40
conjunctions especially. So what a coordinating conjunction is, is a joining word, a connecting
6
40880
6900
ใพใ™. ่ชฟๆ•ด ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใจใฏใ€็ตๅˆ่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
00:47
word that connects two independent ideas. Often independent, but somehow related ideas.
7
47780
7060
2 ใคใฎ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๆŽฅ็ถšใ™ใ‚‹ๆŽฅ็ถš่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๅฝขใง้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ€‚
00:54
Okay? So I have three sentences on the board. We have, "I go to the gym on Saturday, and
8
54840
6320
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ 3 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใฏใ‚ธใƒ 
01:01
I visit my parents." So if I ask you guys, "What do you do on Saturday? What do you usually
9
61160
6120
ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€ไธก่ฆชใซไผšใ„ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€ŒๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹? ๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใฏ้€šๅธธไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™
01:07
do on Saturday?" You say, "Okay, well, on Saturday, I go to the gym, and I visit my
10
67280
5160
ใ‹?ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใ•ใฆใ€ ๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใ‚ธใƒ ใซ่กŒใใ€ไธก่ฆชใ‚’่จชใญ
01:12
parents." Right? Next one, "It didn't rain yesterday, so I went for a long walk." And
11
72440
7160
ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ๆฌกใฏใ€ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏ้›จใŒ้™ใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃ ใŸใฎใงใ€้•ทใ„ๆ•ฃๆญฉใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใใ—ใฆ
01:19
finally, "I wanted to go out, but none of my friends were available." Now, what you'll
12
79600
6480
ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œ้Šใณใซ่กŒใใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใ‘ใฉใ€ๅ‹้”ใŒ่ชฐใ‚‚ใ„ใชใ‹ใฃ ใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
01:26
notice about what is common in all of these sentences is what? The comma? Correct. Okay.
13
86080
12000
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ–‡ใซๅ…ฑ้€šใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ใ‚ณใƒณใƒž๏ผŸ ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
01:38
So here we have, "I go to the gym on Saturday, and I visit my parents." "It didn't rain yesterday,
14
98080
7920
ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ€ŒๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใ‚ธใƒ  ใซ่กŒใใ€ไธก่ฆชใซไผšใ„ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏ้›จใŒ้™ใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸ
01:46
so I went for a long walk." "I wanted to go out, but none of my friends were available."
15
106000
6960
ใฎใงใ€้•ทใ„ๆ•ฃๆญฉใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ้Šใณใซ่กŒใใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใ‘ใฉ ใ€ๅ‹้”ใŒ่ชฐใ‚‚ใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ใ€
01:52
The reason the comma is necessary is this. When you use a coordinating conjunction, like
16
112960
6160
ใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใช็†็”ฑใฏใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚
01:59
"and," like "so," like "but," like "or," you are usually connecting two independent ideas.
17
119120
8120
ใ€Œandใ€ใ€ใ€Œsoใ€ใ€ใ€Œbutใ€ใ€ใ€Œorใ€ใชใฉใฎ่ชฟๆ•ดๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€้€šๅธธใ€2 ใคใฎ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๆŽฅ็ถšใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:07
Now, what I mean by this is you have two parts of a sentence, but those sentence parts both
18
127240
7720
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆ–‡ใซใฏ 2 ใคใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใซ
02:14
have their own subject and their own verb. So, for example, "I go to the gym on Saturday."
19
134960
6960
ใฏใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎไธป่ชžใจ็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใ‚ธใƒ ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:21
The subject is "I." The verb is "go." This is an independent idea, right? It's called
20
141920
6400
ไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œ็งใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œ่กŒใใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใ—ใŸ่€ƒใˆใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
02:28
an independent clause in this case. Here you have "and I visit my parents." "I visit my
21
148320
6400
ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ็‹ฌ็ซ‹็ฏ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ ใซใ€Œใใ—ใฆ็งใฏไธก่ฆชใ‚’่จชใญใพใ™ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏไธก่ฆชใ‚’่จชๅ•ใ—ใพใ™
02:34
parents" is also a separate idea. It can stand by itself. So when you connect two independent
22
154720
8160
ใ€ใ‚‚ๅˆฅใฎ่€ƒใˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ่‡ช็ซ‹ ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ 2 ใคใฎ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใ—ใŸ
02:42
ideas with a coordinating conjunction, and the two independent ideas, again, they have
23
162880
5360
ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’็ตๅˆๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใงๆŽฅ็ถšใ™ใ‚‹ใจ ใ€2 ใคใฎ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใซ
02:48
a subject, they have a verb, you need to use a comma, okay?
24
168240
5760
ใฏไธป่ชžใจๅ‹•่ฉž ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:54
So let's look at these one more time, and you can look at some examples in a quiz just
25
174000
6000
ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ“ใฎ็†่งฃใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ ใซใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
03:00
to test this understanding. Again, "I go to the gym on Saturday," independent idea, comma,
26
180000
6080
ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ€ŒๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใ‚ธใƒ ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€ใ€็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใ€
03:06
and another independent idea, "I visit my parents." "It didn't rain yesterday," comma, "so I went
27
186080
7040
ใใ—ใฆๅˆฅใฎ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ€ใ€Œไธก่ฆชใซไผšใ„ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏ้›จใŒ้™ใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใ€
03:13
for a long walk." As you can see, "I went for a long walk" is an independent idea. You're
28
193120
6160
้•ทใ„ๆ•ฃๆญฉใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ”่ฆงใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ้•ทใ„ๆ•ฃๆญฉใซ่กŒใใพใ— ใŸใ€ใฏ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใ—ใŸ่€ƒใˆใงใ™ใ€‚
03:19
joining it with a coordinating conjunction, so you need the comma before. "And I wanted
29
199280
5520
่ชฟๆ•ดๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใง็ตๅˆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ€ๅ‰ใซใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏ
03:24
to go out, but none of my friends were available." "None of my friends" is the subject here, right?
30
204800
7160
ๅค–ๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€็งใฎๅ‹้”ใฏ่ชฐใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ็งใฎๅ‹้”ใฏ่ชฐใ‚‚ใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใŒใ“ใ“ใฎไธป้กŒใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:31
They were available, "were" being the verb. So again, you're joining two ideas, "I wanted
31
211960
5000
ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅˆฉ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€Œใ‚ใฃใŸใ€ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œ
03:36
to go out, none of my friends were available," you're connecting them with "but," you need
32
216960
5640
ๅค–ๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅ‹้”ใŒ่ชฐใ‚‚ใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ† 2 ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ ็ตๅˆใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ€Œใงใ‚‚ใ€ใงใคใชใ„ใงใ„
03:42
the comma. Okay, guys, if you want to test your understanding of this and improve your
33
222600
5600
ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ซใƒณใƒžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ็†่งฃๅบฆใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใ€ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
03:48
writing, check out the quiz on www.engvid.com. Take care, and good luck.
34
228200
20000
ใ€www.engvid.com ใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7