English Grammar - Either & Neither

618,712 views ใƒป 2010-12-24

English with Alex


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hey guys, this is Alex.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
00:06
Thanks for clicking and welcome to this lesson on negative agreement using neither and either.
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ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๅˆๆ„ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:13
Now this will help you in your conversations, especially if you want to give short answer
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ็‰นใซ
00:18
agreements to someone who says a negative statement, who makes a negative statement.
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ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช ็™บ่จ€ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใ€ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช็™บ่จ€ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใซ็Ÿญใ„ๅ›ž็ญ”ใฎๅˆๆ„ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซใ€ไผš่ฉฑใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
00:24
So for example, if you have a friend and your friend says, I don't like to drive, you agree
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซ ๅ‹ไบบใŒใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใŒ็งใฏ้‹่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
00:30
with your friend that you also do not like to drive.
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ใ‚ใชใŸ ใ‚‚้‹่ปขใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹ไบบใซๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ™.
00:34
How can you agree with him?
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ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚ŒใฐๅฝผใซๅŒๆ„ใงใใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
00:35
Well, you can do it in three ways, three very, very common ways using neither and either.
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ใˆใˆใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ 3 ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใง่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚3 ใคใฎ ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:42
The most common one, and this works for all negative statement situations where you agree
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใใฎไบบใซๅŒๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎ ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใฎ็ŠถๆณใงๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—
00:48
with the person, you can just say me neither.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใฉใกใ‚‰ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:59
This means again, I don't like to drive me neither.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ็งใ‚‚้‹่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:04
I also do not like to drive.
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็งใ‚‚้‹่ปขใฏ่‹ฆๆ‰‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„่ฆ‹ใซๅŒๆ„
01:07
Now what are two other ways that you can say this, that you can agree with a negative statement?
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ใงใใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใซใฏใ€ไป–ใซ 2 ใคใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ‹?
01:13
You can also say in this case, I don't like to drive, the auxiliary is do and do not.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€I don't like to driveใ€่ฃœๅŠฉใฏ do ใจ do not ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
01:21
So we can also say, I don't, still don't either.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใ‚‚ใใ†ใง ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:35
I don't either.
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็งใ‚‚ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
01:37
Now the reason we use either and not neither in this case is because the auxiliary do not
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ ็†็”ฑใฏใ€ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ do not
01:43
is already negative.
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ใŒใ™ใงใซๅฆๅฎš็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:45
So if the auxiliary is negative, you have to use either.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ฃœๅŠฉใŒ่ฒ ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:49
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:50
Now there's one more way, and it's with neither, similar to this one, but you have to change
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ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใจๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ› ใ‚“ใŒ
01:56
the auxiliary from a negative to a positive, and you have to put neither at the beginning
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ใ€ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅฆๅฎšใ‹ใ‚‰่‚ฏๅฎšใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใ€ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๆ–‡้ ญใซ็ฝฎใ‹ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
02:02
of the sentence.
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ใ€‚
02:03
So you can also say, neither do I. I'll put an I there like that.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™, ็งใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“. ็งใฏใใ“ใซใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็งใ‚’็ฝฎใใพใ™.
02:19
Neither do I. So as in this example, you have I don't, negative auxiliary, you use either
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚็งใฏใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใ€่ฒ ใฎๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉž I don't ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
02:25
at the end.
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ใ€‚
02:27
In this case, neither is a negative, so you change the auxiliary to a positive.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใงใฏใชใ„ ใฎใงใ€่ฃœๅŠฉใ‚’ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:33
So you have three options here.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใฏ 3 ใคใฎใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:35
You have me neither, you don't have to worry about auxiliaries, it works for every negative
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใ‚‚ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ฃœๅŠฉ่€…ใซใคใ„ใฆๅฟƒ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช
02:40
agreement situation.
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ๅˆๆ„็ŠถๆณใงๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ™.
02:43
You have I don't either, and neither do I. Okay.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ— ใ€็งใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:48
If you're not getting it just yet, or if you're sort of understanding, let's do one more sentence
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ใพใ ็†่งฃใงใใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏ ใ‚ใ‚‹็จ‹ๅบฆ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใฆใ€
02:54
and see if you guys can figure it out.
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็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ ใ†ใ€‚
02:56
So here we have, I can't skate.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€็งใฏใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒผใƒˆใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:00
So as we mentioned, me neither works for every negative agreement situation.
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ๅ‰่ฟฐใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็งใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๅˆๆ„ใฎ็ŠถๆณใงใฏๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:06
So we can agree with me neither.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใ‚‚ๅŒๆ„ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:14
We can also agree with this structure.
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็งใŸใกใ‚‚ ใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซๅŒๆ„ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:18
So in this sentence, I don't like to drive, the auxiliary was don't, right, do not, negative.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€็งใฏ้‹่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใง ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:28
So here we had I don't either.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ“ใงใ€็งใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:31
Here the auxiliary is can't, okay?
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ใ“ใ“ใง่ฃœๅŠฉใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:37
So here, where you say I don't either, here you would say I can't either.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใ‚‚ใ—ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใ‚‚ ใงใใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:51
I can't skate, I can't either.
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็งใฏใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒผใƒˆใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€็งใ‚‚ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:54
And by this point, I think you're comfortable with it, and you probably know the answer
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ™‚็‚นใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œ ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ“ใ‚Œใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
03:58
to this, right?
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ใ‚ˆใญ?
04:00
So if your friend says I can't skate, you can also say neither can positive I.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹้”ใŒ็งใฏใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒผใƒˆใŒใงใใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚็งใ‚’ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใงใใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™
04:09
That's, sorry about that guys.
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ใ€‚
04:27
Okay, so as mentioned, you have three options here.
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ๅ‰่ฟฐใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใ“ใซใฏ 3 ใคใฎใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:32
You can say me neither.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚็งใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:34
You can say I negative auxiliary either.
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I ่ฒ ใฎๅŠฉ่ฉžใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
04:38
I don't either, I can't either, I haven't either, I shouldn't either, I couldn't either.
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็งใ‚‚ใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใงใใชใ„ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ— ใชใ„ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ™ในใใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:45
Or you can have neither positive auxiliary I, or the subject.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€่‚ฏๅฎšๅŠฉ่ฉž I ใ‚‚ไธป่ชžใ‚‚ๆŒใŸใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:52
You can talk about another person, right?
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ไป–ใฎไบบใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:54
You can say neither does he, neither does she, neither can he, neither can she, neither
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‚ๅฝผๅฅณใ‚‚ใงใใชใ„ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‚ๅฝผๅฅณใ‚‚ใงใ
05:02
do I in this case.
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ใชใ„ใ€็งใ‚‚ใงใใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:03
Okay, so you have those three options.
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ใ•ใฆ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰3ใคใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:06
Now we're going to look at one of the trickier verbs to work with when you're talking about
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ใงใฏใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซไฝฟใ†ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใชๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ 1 ใคใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
05:11
neither and either.
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ใ€‚
05:13
Okay, now the verb have is a little special and can confuse some people when they're trying
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž have ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็‰นๆฎŠ ใงใ€่ชฐใ‹ใจๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๅˆๆ„ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซๆททไนฑใ‚’ๆ‹›ใใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
05:20
to make a negative agreement with someone.
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ใ€‚
05:23
So if you look at the first sentence on the board here, I don't have a car.
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ใ“ใ“ใฎใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚็งใฏ่ปŠใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:29
What is the auxiliary and what is the main verb in this sentence?
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใจไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
05:34
Well, if you've studied the basics a little bit, you would know that don't is the auxiliary
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ๅŸบๆœฌใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€dont ใŒ่ฃœๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใง have ใŒไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
05:41
and have is the main verb.
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ใ€‚
05:44
So when have is the main verb, you do not have to say I haven't either.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€have ใŒไธปใชๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ I have not ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:51
What you have to focus on is the auxiliary, okay?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้›†ไธญใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใฏ่ฃœๅŠฉ ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:55
So if you want to agree with your friend who says I don't have a car, you want to say I
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ็งใฏ่ปŠใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹้”ใซๅŒๆ„ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
06:01
also don't have a car, you have to use don't as the main auxiliary.
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚็งใ‚‚่ปŠใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ไธปใชๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆ don't ใ‚’ไฝฟใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:08
So you can say, again, me neither, you can also say I don't either or neither do I.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€ ็งใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
06:37
So again, focus on the auxiliary, not on the main verb.
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ใ€‚
06:41
In this situation, we have something a little different.
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ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใง ใฏใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—้•ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:45
So we have I haven't seen Titanic.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ ใ‚ฟใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆ
06:48
Now, seen is the main verb, haven't is the auxiliary in this case.
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ใ€seen ใŒไธปใชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ€ have not ใŒๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
06:55
So when you have the auxiliary like this, you use the auxiliary in your agreement.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ฃœๅŠฉ่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ๅˆๆ„ใง่ฃœๅŠฉ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:00
So if your friend says I haven't seen Titanic and you want to say I also haven't seen Titanic,
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใŒ็งใฏใ‚ฟใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚็งใ‚‚ใ‚ฟใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸ
07:07
you can say me neither, I haven't either, or neither have I.
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ใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใซใฉใกใ‚‰ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใชใ„ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚่ฆ‹ ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚
07:29
Okay, so as you can see, what you're doing is using the auxiliary in your negative agreement
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่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ ใ€ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๅŒๆ„ๆ–‡ใง่ฃœๅŠฉ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
07:43
sentence.
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ใ€‚
07:44
You're not saying I don't either for Titanic, I don't seen Titanic, doesn't make any sense,
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ใ‚ฟใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ฟใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
07:52
okay?
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:53
So pay attention, usually it's the auxiliary that comes right after the subject.
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้€šๅธธใ€ไธป่ชžใฎ็›ดๅพŒใซๆฅใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่ฃœๅŠฉ่ชž ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:58
And for haven't, like I haven't either, neither have I, the majority of the time or all the
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏ
08:04
time, you're going to be listening to the perfect tenses, right?
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ๅธธใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผŸ
08:09
So the past perfect, present perfect, et cetera, when you're agreeing with a negative statement.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใชใฉใ€ ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„่ฆ‹ใซๅŒๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚
08:14
How about the final sentence here?
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ใ“ใ“ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆ–‡ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:17
Gin can't have peanuts.
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ใ‚ธใƒณใซใƒ”ใƒผใƒŠใƒƒใƒ„ใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:19
Gin has an allergy, okay?
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ใ‚ธใƒณใฏใ‚ขใƒฌใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
08:21
He cannot eat peanuts, he can't have them.
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ๅฝผใฏใƒ”ใƒผใƒŠใƒƒใƒ„ใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€้ฃŸใน ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
08:24
So you say, well, Gin can't eat peanuts, I also can't eat peanuts.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ธใƒณใฏใƒ”ใƒผใƒŠใƒƒใƒ„ใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ ็งใ‚‚ใƒ”ใƒผใƒŠใƒƒใƒ„ใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
08:30
The focus is on can't, the auxiliary.
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ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใ‚ซใ‚นใฏใ€ใงใใชใ„ ใ€่ฃœๅŠฉใงใ™ใ€‚
08:33
So you can agree with this and say, well, neither can I, I can't either, or neither
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚ŒใซๅŒๆ„ใ—ใฆใ€ใพใ‚ใ€ ็งใ‚‚ใงใใชใ„ใ€็งใ‚‚ใงใใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใงใใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†
08:58
can I.
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ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅŒใ˜ๆ–‡ใ‚’2ๅ›ž
09:01
I just realized I wrote the same sentence two times.
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ๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ“ใจใซไปŠๆฐ—ใฅใ ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:04
So again, the most popular verb here, this should say me neither.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ไบบๆฐ—ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:11
Sorry about that, guys.
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ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€‚
09:21
Me neither, I can't either, neither can I.
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็งใ‚‚ใ€็งใ‚‚ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€็งใ‚‚ใงใ
09:24
So again, the focus is on this auxiliary.
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:27
All right, if you want to test your understanding of negative agreement with neither and either,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใฉใกใ‚‰ใจใ‚‚ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชไธ€่‡ดใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ็†่งฃใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€www.engvid.com ใงใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ช
09:33
check out the quiz at the bottom of this video on www.engvid.com.
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ใฎไธ‹้ƒจใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
09:37
Good luck and take care.
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้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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