Grammar: Using DO and DID to make a strong point in English

154,023 views ใƒป 2016-03-01

English with Alex


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
Hi, everyone. I'm Alex. Thanks for clicking,
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„
00:04
and welcome to this lesson on "Do and Did in Affirmative Sentences".
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ่‚ฏๅฎšๆ–‡ใง่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใจ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ€ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:11
So, by this point, you're probably familiar with using "do" and
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ™‚็‚นใงใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ 3 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใง ใ€Œdoใ€ใจใ€Œdidใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
00:15
"did" in three different contexts.
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ใ€‚
00:18
And specifically, I'm talking about "do" and "did" as auxiliary verbs.
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ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏใ€ ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใฎใ€Œdoใ€ใจใ€Œdidใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:24
So you can use "do" and "did" most commonly in questions. So: "Where do you live?",
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ณชๅ•ใงใฏใ€Œdoใ€ใจใ€Œdidใ€ใ‚’ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ“ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใ€
00:31
"Do you like cheese?" for example.
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ใ€Œใƒใƒผใ‚บใฏๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€‚
00:34
You can also use "do" and "did" in negatives, so:
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ใพใŸใ€"do" ใจ "did" ใ‚’ๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
00:38
"I don't want to do that.",
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ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€"I don't want to do that."ใ€
00:40
"He didn't start the test on time."
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"He did not start the test on time." ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
00:43
And you can also use it in short answers, like:
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ใพใŸ
00:47
"Yes I do.", "No I don't.", "Yes he did.", "No she didn't." Okay?
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ใ€ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ ๅฝผใฏใใ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€ใชใฉใฎ็Ÿญใ„็ญ”ใˆใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:53
However, the focus of this lesson is on using "do" and "did" in affirmative sentences. And
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎ็„ฆ็‚นใฏ ใ€่‚ฏๅฎšๆ–‡ใงใฎใ€Œdoใ€ใจใ€Œdidใ€ใฎไฝฟ็”จใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
01:00
it is possible in two different contexts. So, like the board says, they can also be
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ใใ‚Œใฏ 2 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใงๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰
01:06
used in the affirmative to show, number one, contrast.
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ใฏ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅˆ ใซใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’็คบใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™.
01:12
So if you really want to emphasize a contrast between two different things,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ 2 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฎๅฏพๆฏ”ใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ„
01:17
you can use "do" or "did" in the following way.
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€Œdoใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œdidใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:20
Check out this example.
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ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:22
"He didn't like the movie, but he did like the music."
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๆ˜ ็”ป ใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใŒใ€้Ÿณๆฅฝใฏๅฅฝใใ ใฃใŸใ€‚ใ€
01:28
Okay? So if you go to a theatre and you watch a film, you can say:
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅЇๅ ดใซ่กŒใฃ ใฆๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚‰
01:32
"Hmm, I didn't like this, but I did like this."
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ใ€ใ€Œใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œ ใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใŒใ€็งใฏใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฅฝใใ ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
01:36
So you're emphasizing a contrast. You can do this in many contexts.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅคšใใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใงๅฎŸ่กŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ
01:42
Many things where you have differing opinions or different feelings about something. If
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็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚„็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅคšใใฎใ“ใจ ใ€‚
01:48
you go to a restaurant, you can say:
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ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ‚‰
01:50
"Mm, I didn't like the food, but I did like the service."
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ใ€ใ€ŒMm, I did not like the food, but I did like the service.ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:56
So, the service was really good, but the food wasn't good. So:
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‰ฏใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ ใŒใ€้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใฏ่‰ฏใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผš
02:01
"I didn't like this, but I did like this.",
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œ ใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใŒใ€็งใฏใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฅฝใใ ใฃใŸใ€ใ€
02:04
"I don't like this, but I do like this."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏ ใชใ„ใŒใ€็งใฏใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฅฝใใ ใ€.
02:07
or: "I do want this or need this." etc.
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ใพใŸใฏ๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:10
All right, secondly, you can use "do" and "did" to show emphasize or to give clarification
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็ฌฌไบŒใซใ€ใ€Œdoใ€ใจใ€Œdidใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ—ใŸใ‚Šใงใใพใ™
02:17
to something. So what I mean by this is if you are walking through, you know, a department
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ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€ใƒ‡ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆญฉใ„ใฆใ„ใฆ
02:25
store and, hmm, you're looking at a refrigerator with your girlfriend, your boyfriend, your husband, or wife
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ใ€ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ ใ‚ฌใƒผใƒซใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใ€ใƒœใƒผใ‚คใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใ€ๅคซใ€ใพใŸใฏๅฆป
02:32
and they're trying to convince you to buy this fridge, this new refrigerator.
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ใจไธ€็ท’ใซๅ†ท่”ตๅบซใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’่ชฌๅพ—ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ†ท่”ตๅบซใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ†ท่”ตๅบซใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใŸใ‚ใซใ€‚
02:37
And then you think: "Hmm, we do need a new fridge." So, we need a fridge, a new fridge.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ†ท่”ตๅบซใŒๅฟ…่ฆใ ใ€ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†ท่”ตๅบซใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ†ท่”ตๅบซใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
02:45
You can also say: "You know what? We do need a new fridge."
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ใพใŸใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:50
So you are emphasizing your need for that refrigerator.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใใฎๅ†ท่”ตๅบซใฎๅฟ…่ฆๆ€งใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:54
You can also clarify:
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ใพใŸใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
02:56
"Hey, why isn't...?" For example: -"Why isn't Mark here?"
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ใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ไพ‹: -ใ€Œใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใชใ„ใฎใฏใชใœใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€
03:00
-"Well, he did say..." Not just: "He said",
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-ใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใฏ่จ€ใฃใŸ...ใ€ ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€
03:04
"He did say he was going to be late."
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ้…ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃ ใŸใ€ใ€‚
03:08
So, if you're waiting for Mark, and you know what? Yeah, he did say that he was going to be late.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใˆใˆใ€ๅฝผใฏ้…ๅˆปใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:14
So you're clarifying and you're emphasizing what he said. Okay?
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ˜Ž็ขบใซ ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใฎ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:20
So, just as a reminder, "do" and "did" are not only for questions, not only for negatives,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฟตใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใŠใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œdoใ€ใจใ€Œdidใ€ใฏ ่ณชๅ•ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ๅฆๅฎšใ‚„
03:26
not only for short answers, but they can also be used to show contrast and to show emphasis.
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็Ÿญใ„ๅ›ž็ญ”ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ ๅฏพๆฏ”ใ‚„ๅผท่ชฟใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:34
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:35
So, now, you do need to do the quiz to make sure that you understood this material. So
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่ณ‡ๆ–™ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’่กŒใ† ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ www.engvid.com
03:41
check out that quiz on www.engvid.com.
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ใงใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใฟ ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:43
And don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฎ YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
03:46
See you guys.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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