IELTS & TOEFL Academic Vocabulary - Nouns (AWL)

280,483 views ใƒป 2014-02-27

English with Alex


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:02
Hi, guys. I'm Alex. Thanks for clicking, and welcome to this lesson on IELTS and TOEFL
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„
00:07
academic vocabulary, with a focus on nouns. So, today, we will look at 10 academic nouns
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ่ฉžใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใŸใ€IELTS ใŠใ‚ˆใณ TOEFL ใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏ ใƒœใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ–ใƒฉใƒชใƒผใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ ใใ“ใงไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ
00:14
that you may see or hear on the IELTS or TOEFL tests, and this could be either in the reading,
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ใ€IELTS ใพใŸใฏ TOEFL ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใง่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚Š่žใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ 10 ใฎๅญฆ่ก“ๅ่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ
00:22
writing, listening, or speaking sections.
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ใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:25
Now, today, you may see some words that you are familiar with, and you may see some words
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ˆใ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็›ฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€
00:30
that are totally new to you. If you're familiar with the words, that's excellent - but don't
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ใพใฃใŸใๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็›ฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅ˜่ชžใซ็ฒพ้€šใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„
00:36
get overconfident because the purpose of today is not only to learn new words, but to look
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ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ็›ฎ็š„ ใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใ ใ‘ใงใชใ
00:41
at words that you may be familiar with, but perhaps, you know, you're not sure how to
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€้Žไฟกใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:46
use it appropriately in a sentence, and more specifically, in an academic sentence. And
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ๆ–‡ใงใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏใ€ๅญฆ่ก“็š„ใชๆ–‡ใง้ฉๅˆ‡ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„. ใใ—ใฆ
00:52
when you're done here today with this video, don't forget to check out a more extensive
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ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ชญใฟ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€www.engvid.com ใฎใƒชใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚น ใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใง ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅบƒ็ฏ„ใชใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏ ใƒœใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ–ใƒฉใƒชใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใง
00:57
list of academic vocabulary on the www.engvid.com resources page.
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:03
Okay, so let's begin. First word that we're going to look at today is: "aspect". Now,
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ใงใฏใ€ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅๆœ€ๅˆใซๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชž ใฏใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚นใƒšใ‚ฏใƒˆใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใง
01:08
an "aspect" is a part or element of something. So, for example, the sentence we have on the
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ใ€ใ€Œๅด้ขใ€ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใฎไธ€้ƒจใพใŸใฏ่ฆ็ด ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–‡
01:15
board is: "Vocabulary is just one aspect of language." So vocabulary is just one part
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ใฏใ€Œ่ชžๅฝ™ใฏ่จ€่ชžใฎ 1 ใคใฎๅด้ขใซใ™ใŽใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ชžๅฝ™ใฏ่จ€่ชžใฎไธ€้ƒจใซใ™ใŽใพใ›ใ‚“
01:24
of language.
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ใ€‚
01:25
Second, we have the word: "component". And, if you notice, it has the exact same definition
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œใ‚ณใƒณใƒใƒผใƒใƒณใƒˆใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใŠๆฐ—ไป˜ใใฎ ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚นใƒšใ‚ฏใƒˆใ€ใจใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ๅฎš็พฉใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
01:31
of "aspect", so it's a part or element of something as well. And the sentence we have
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎไธ€้ƒจใพใŸใฏ่ฆ็ด ใง ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–‡
01:37
here is: "A laptop has many complex components."
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ใฏใ€ใ€Œใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใซใฏ ๅคšใใฎ่ค‡้›‘ใชใ‚ณใƒณใƒใƒผใƒใƒณใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:42
Now, you might be asking yourself: "Well, are these words exactly the same?" And the
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ€Œ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่‡ชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
01:48
answer to that is: not really. They are the same, in that you can talk about abstract
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ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็‰ฉไบ‹ใฎ ๆŠฝ่ฑก็š„ใชๅด้ขใจๆŠฝ่ฑก็š„ใชใ‚ณใƒณใƒใƒผใƒใƒณใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†็‚นใงใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ™
01:55
aspect and abstract components to things, but when it comes to physical things, you're
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ใŒใ€็‰ฉ็†็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ€
02:01
more likely to use the word "component". So, for example: here I'm talking about the components
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ใ€Œใ‚ณใƒณใƒใƒผใƒใƒณใƒˆใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใ“
02:08
of a laptop, so I'm talking about the board inside, and the RAM, and the memory, and everything
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ใงใฏใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒใƒผใƒใƒณใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅ†…้ƒจใฎใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ ใ€RAMใ€ใƒกใƒขใƒชใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณใใฎ
02:14
like that; so I'm talking about the physical parts of the laptop. Again, you can use both
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ™ในใฆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใฎ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใช้ƒจๅˆ†ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ . ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ไฝ•ใ‹
02:20
of them to talk about the abstract parts or elements of something, but if you're referring
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ใฎๆŠฝ่ฑก็š„ใช้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚„ ่ฆ็ด ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๅ ดๅˆใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€
02:26
to the physical part of something, I would stick with "component".
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใช้ƒจๅˆ†ใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ณใƒณใƒใƒผใƒใƒณใƒˆใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:31
All right, the next word we have is: "consequence". I'm sure many of you are familiar with this
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€Œ็ตๆžœใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ–นใ‚‚ๅคšใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
02:36
word. It's a result or effect of something. So, for example, the sentence we have here
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใฎ็ตๆžœใพใŸใฏ็ตๆžœใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–‡
02:43
is: "Obesity is a consequence of overeating." And, again, "overeating" just means eating
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ใฏใ€Œ่‚ฅๆบ€ใฏ้ฃŸใน้ŽใŽใฎ็ตๆžœใงใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œ้ฃŸใน้ŽใŽใ€ใฏๅ˜ใซ้ฃŸใน
02:51
too much and "obesity" is the physical problem of being overweight to the point where it's
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้ŽใŽใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€ใ€Œ่‚ฅๆบ€ใ€ใฏๅฅๅบทใซ่‰ฏใใชใ„ใปใฉ ๅคชใ‚Šใ™ใŽใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่บซไฝ“็š„ใชๅ•้กŒใงใ™
02:57
not good for your health. So, one thing about this word, if you are going to use a preposition
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. ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ 1 ใค่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใฏใ€
03:04
after it... The most common preposition we use with "consequence" is: "of". So we say:
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ใใฎๅพŒใซๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’ ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ... ใ€Œ็ตๆžœใ€ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฏใ€Œofใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŸใก
03:10
"This is a consequence of this.", "That is a consequence of this." Okay?
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ใฏใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ“ใ‚Œใฎ็ตๆžœใ ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Œใฏใ“ใ‚Œใฎ็ตๆžœใ  ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:17
The next word we have is: "disposal". The meaning I give for this is: the act of arranging
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ๆฌกใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€Œๅปƒๆฃ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒใ“ใ‚ŒใซไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏใ€: ้…็ฝฎใพใŸใฏ้…ๅธƒใ™ใ‚‹่กŒ็‚บใงใ™
03:24
or distributing. So think of "disposal" as the distribution of something and the arrangement
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ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œๅ‡ฆๅˆ†ใ€ใจใฏ ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅˆ†้…ใ—ใ€
03:30
of it. So, for example, in the army: "The general is responsible for the disposal of
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้…็ฝฎใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่ป้šŠใงใฏใ€ใ€Œ ๅฐ†่ปใฏ่ป้šŠใฎๅ‡ฆๅˆ†ใซ่ฒฌไปปใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
03:37
troops." Now, when I say "troops", I mean soldiers, people who are in the army, for
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ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŒใ€Œ่ป้šŠใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€็ง ใฏๅ…ตๅฃซใ€่ป้šŠใซๆ‰€ๅฑžใ—ใ€
03:42
arranging them and where they're going to go.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’้…็ฝฎใ—ใ€ใฉใ“ ใซ่กŒใ“ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™.
03:44
And finally, we have the word: "function" which is the working purpose of something.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€ŒๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:50
So: "Today's phones have numerous helpful functions." And again, "function" is another
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใซใฏไพฟๅˆฉใชๆฉŸ่ƒฝใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ€ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œ้–ขๆ•ฐใ€ใฏๅˆฅใฎ
03:56
word, another noun where if you want to use a preposition after it, use the preposition:
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ๅ˜่ชžใ€ๅˆฅใฎๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใใฎๅพŒใซๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž
04:02
"of". So: "What is the function of a cellphone or the function of a camera?" Etcetera, etcetera.
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ใ€Œofใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผšใ€Œๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑ ใฎๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ‚„ใ‚ซใƒกใƒฉใฎๆฉŸ่ƒฝใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใชใฉใชใฉใ€‚
04:09
Okay, guys, let's look at five more words.
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ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ใจ 5 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:13
Okay, so the next word is: "indication". So, "indication" means a sign or a token of something.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€ŒๆŒ‡็คบใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ€Œ่กจ็คบใ€ใจใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๅ…†ๅ€™ใพใŸใฏใƒˆใƒผใ‚ฏใƒณใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:22
So if we look at the sentence: "The melting of ice caps" - of polar ice caps - "is an
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œๆฐทๅ† ใฎ่ž่งฃ ใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šๆฅตๅœฐใฎๆฐทๅ† ใฎ่ž่งฃใฏใ€ใ€Œ
04:28
indication of global warming." So, if you're making an argument about science, for example,
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ๅœฐ็ƒๆธฉๆš–ๅŒ–ใฎๅ…†ๅ€™ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใง็ง‘ๅญฆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
04:35
in one of your papers, this might be a sentence that you would write. So, "an indication of".
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ›ธใๆ–‡ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€Œใฎ็›ฎๅฎ‰ใ€ใ€‚
04:41
Again, you're using the preposition "of" after: "indication". Okay?
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ€Œ่กจ็คบใ€ใฎๅพŒใซๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€Œใฎใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:46
The next word is very common - I'm sure you're familiar with it - and that word is: "option".
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ๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ ใงใ™ - ใใฃใจใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† - ใใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€Œใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:52
So again, an "option" is basically a choice, and usually it's a choice of one of several
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ ใซ้ธๆŠžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€้€šๅธธใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฎใ†ใกใฎ 1 ใคใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—
04:58
possibilities. Right? So: "This is one of several options." One of several choices.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผšใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎ1ใคใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใฎ 1 ใคใ€‚
05:05
The next word is: "role". So a person's "role" is their position or their customary function
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ๆฌกใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€Œๅฝนๅ‰ฒใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไบบใฎใ€Œๅฝนๅ‰ฒใ€ ใจใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ็ซ‹ๅ ดใพใŸใฏๆ…ฃ็ฟ’็š„ใชๆฉŸ่ƒฝ
05:13
of something. So: "The role of government is to protect its citizens." When I mean "the
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œๆ”ฟๅบœใฎๅฝนๅ‰ฒใฏ ๅธ‚ๆฐ‘ใ‚’ไฟ่ญทใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ็งใŒใ€Œๆ”ฟๅบœใฎๅฝนๅ‰ฒใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ
05:20
role of government", I'm talking about the customary function; the usual way the government
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ใ€็งใฏๆ…ฃ็ฟ’็š„ใชๆฉŸ่ƒฝใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ€‚ ๆ”ฟๅบœใŒๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใฏใšใฎ้€šๅธธใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏ
05:26
is supposed to work is to protect its citizens. Okay?
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ใ€ๅธ‚ๆฐ‘ใ‚’ไฟ่ญทใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:31
The next word is: "trend". So, a "trend" is a style that is currently popular. It can
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ๆฌกใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€Œใƒˆใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใƒˆใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใ€ใจ ใฏ็พๅœจไบบๆฐ—ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
05:38
also be like the general direction that something is... Something is heading where. "Somewhere
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ใพใŸใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใฉใ“ใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ–นๅ‘ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™... ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใฉใ“ใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹. ใ€Œใฉใ“ใ‹
05:43
is heading where", that doesn't make any sense - sorry, guys. Basically, the general direction
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ใŒใฉใ“ใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ใชใ•ใชใ„ - ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ–นๅ‘
05:48
something is heading. Okay, the sentence is: "A recent trend in marketing is to use social
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ๆ–‡ใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฎใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใฎๅ‚พๅ‘ใฏใ€ใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซ ใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
05:56
media." So something that is currently popular, for example. In this sentence, something that
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็พๅœจไบบๆฐ—ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใง
06:01
is currently popular in marketing, in advertising is the use of social media; to use social
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ใฏใ€็พๅœจใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚„ๅบƒๅ‘Šใงไบบๆฐ—ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎ ใฏใ€ใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซ ใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใฎไฝฟ็”จใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹
06:08
media.
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ใ€‚
06:10
And finally, we have the word: "substitute". And a "substitute" is a replacement for somebody
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œไปฃ็”จใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ใ€Œไปฃ็†ใ€ใฏ่ชฐใ‹
06:16
or something. Often times, this replacement is temporary, so a substitute teacher, for
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ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใฎไบคไปฃ ใฏไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐไปฃ็†ๆ•™ๅธซ
06:25
example. The sentence we have is: "There is no substitute for hard work." There is no
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ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ใ€Œ ๅ‹คๅ‹‰ใซไปฃใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:32
substitute for studying a lot; there's no replacement for it. It's a very common phrase
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ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๅ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใซไปฃใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใช
06:38
that we have in English, so feel free to use it.
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ใฎใงใ€ๆฐ—่ปฝใซไฝฟใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:41
Okay, guys, those are 10 words, 10 academic nouns that can help you and will help you
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ 10 ใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€IELTS ใพใŸใฏ TOEFL ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงๅฝน็ซ‹ใค 10 ใฎๅญฆๅ•็š„ใช ๅ่ฉžใงใ™
06:47
on your IELTS or TOEFL tests. So, if you want to test your understanding of all of the material
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใŸ ใ™ในใฆใฎ่ณ‡ๆ–™ใฎ็†่งฃๅบฆใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใŸใ„
06:53
we have covered today, you can check out the quiz on www.engvid.com. And don't forget to
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€www.engvid.com ใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ใƒชใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚น ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ
06:58
check out the more extensive list of academic vocabulary in our resources section. That's
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ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏ ใƒœใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ–ใƒฉใƒชใƒผใฎใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅบƒ็ฏ„ใชใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
07:04
it for me today. Take care, guys, and I'll talk to you soon.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ“ใ“ใพใงใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€ใฟใ‚“ใช ใ€ใ™ใใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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