Learn the Perfect Tenses Easily in 12 Minutes

206,384 views ・ 2024-03-08

English with Lucy


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Hello, lovely students, and welcome back to English with Lucy.
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”, μ‚¬λž‘μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ 학생 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„, Lucy와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ˜μ–΄λ‘œ λ‹€μ‹œ λŒμ•„μ˜¨ 것을 ν™˜μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:03
Today's lesson is truly perfect.
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였늘 μˆ˜μ—…μ€ 정말 μ™„λ²½ν•΄μš”.
00:06
We're going to cover the perfect tenses.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό λ‹€λ£° κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:09
As I have heard you loud and clear, these are the tenses that you struggle most with.
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당신이 크고 λΆ„λͺ…ν•˜κ²Œ λ“€μ—ˆλ˜ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ, 이것이 당신이 κ°€μž₯ νž˜λ“€μ–΄ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:13
Don't worry, it's not your fault.
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κ±±μ •ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”. 그것은 λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ 잘λͺ»μ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ¬Έλ²•μ±…μ—μ„œ μ™„λ£Œμ‹œμ œλ‚˜ μ„€λͺ…에 κ΄€ν•œ μˆ˜μ—…μ„
00:16
I often feel frustrated when I see
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λ³Ό λ•Œ μ’Œμ ˆκ°μ„ λŠλ‚„ λ•Œκ°€ λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:19
lessons on the perfect tenses or explanations in grammar books.
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.
00:23
I don't feel like they're clear enough.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 그듀이 μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ λͺ…ν™•ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
In this video, I'm going to teach you how
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이번 μ˜μƒμ—μ„œλŠ”
00:27
to use the perfect tenses, and you will probably find that the way I explain them
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μ™„λ£Œμ‹œμ œ μ‚¬μš©λ²•μ„ κ°€λ₯΄μ³λ“œλ¦΄ ν…λ°μš”, μ•„λ§ˆ μ œκ°€ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 방식이
00:33
is different from how you've been taught before.
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이전에 λ°°μ› λ˜ 방식과 λ‹€λ₯΄λ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ λŠλΌμ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:36
I promise you that when you're done with
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00:38
this lesson, you're going to feel much more confident about how to use the past,
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이 μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 마치면 κ³Όκ±°,
00:44
present and future perfect simple tenses in 3 key ways.
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ν˜„μž¬, 미래 μ™„λ£Œ λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό 3가지 μ£Όμš” λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방법에 λŒ€ν•΄ 훨씬 더 μžμ‹ κ°μ„ κ°–κ²Œ 될 것이라고 μ•½μ†ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
To help you even more, I have also created the perfect ebook.
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더 λ§Žμ€ 도움을 λ“œλ¦¬κ³ μž μ™„λ²½ν•œ μ „μžμ±…λ„ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
This is a digital PDF that ended up being so big it's become an ebook.
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이것은 디지털 PDF둜, μš©λŸ‰μ΄ λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ»€μ„œ μ „μžμ±…μ΄ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
I'm letting you have this for free.
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이것을 무료둜 μ œκ³΅ν•΄λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—¬κΈ°μ—λŠ”
01:01
It contains everything that we cover in
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01:03
today's video in more detail with more examples, and there is a secret link to
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더 λ§Žμ€ μ˜ˆμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ 였늘 μ˜μƒμ—μ„œ λ‹€λ£¨λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  λ‚΄μš©μ΄ 더 μžμ„Ένžˆ ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄ 있으며,
01:09
access our interactive exercise pack.
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λŒ€ν™”ν˜• μ—°μŠ΅ νŒ©μ— μ•‘μ„ΈμŠ€ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λΉ„λ°€ 링크도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
This isn't available anywhere else.
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이것은 λ‹€λ₯Έ κ³³μ—μ„œλŠ” μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
These are really gorgeous exercises that you can use to test your understanding of
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이것은 μ œκ°€ 였늘 κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” λ‚΄μš©μ— λŒ€ν•œ 이해도λ₯Ό ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 정말 멋진 μ—°μŠ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:19
what I teach you today.
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.
01:20
If you would like to download The Perfect
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The Perfect
01:22
Ebook and gain access to the perfect tenses exercise pack, just click on the
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Ebook을 λ‹€μš΄λ‘œλ“œν•˜κ³  μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œ μ—°μŠ΅ νŒ©μ— μ•‘μ„ΈμŠ€ν•˜λ €λ©΄
01:28
link in the description box; you enter your name and your email address, and
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μ„€λͺ… μƒμžμ— μžˆλŠ” 링크λ₯Ό ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ„Έμš”. 이름과 이메일 μ£Όμ†Œλ₯Ό μž…λ ₯ν•˜λ©΄
01:31
that PDF containing that secret link will arrive directly in your inbox.
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ν•΄λ‹Ή λΉ„λ°€ 링크가 ν¬ν•¨λœ PDFκ°€ 받은 νŽΈμ§€ν•¨μ— 직접 λ„μ°©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
After that, you'll automatically receive my free weekly PDFs, news, course
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κ·Έ ν›„μ—λŠ” 무료 μ£Όκ°„ PDF, λ‰΄μŠ€, μ½”μŠ€
01:40
updates, and offers.
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μ—…λ°μ΄νŠΈ 및 μ œμ•ˆμ„ μžλ™μœΌλ‘œ λ°›κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:42
It's a free service; you can unsubscribe
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무료 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ–Έμ œλ“ μ§€ ꡬ독을 μ·¨μ†Œν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:44
at any time.
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.
01:45
Okay, back to the perfect tenses, or
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μ’‹μ•„μš”, λ‹€μ‹œ μ™„λ£Œν˜•μœΌλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€μ„œμš”, μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄
01:47
should I say the perfect aspect?
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μ™„λ£Œν˜•μ΄λΌκ³  ν•΄μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
01:50
I don't normally talk about tense versus
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μ €λŠ” 일반적으둜 μ˜μƒμ—μ„œ μ‹œμ œμ™€ 양상에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ§€λ§Œ
01:53
aspect in my videos, but I think it's important and useful to mention it today.
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, μ˜€λŠ˜μ€ 이λ₯Ό μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ³  μœ μš©ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
We only have two tenses in English, present, I go, she goes, and past, I
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μ˜μ–΄μ—λŠ” ν˜„μž¬, λ‚΄κ°€ κ°„λ‹€, κ·Έλ…€κ°€ κ°„λ‹€, κ³Όκ±°, λ‚΄κ°€
02:04
went, she went.
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κ°”λ‹€, κ·Έλ…€κ°€ κ°”λ‹€λΌλŠ” 두 가지 μ‹œμ œλ§Œ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
Aspects add information about the way we
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양상은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 동사λ₯Ό λ³΄λŠ” 방식에 λŒ€ν•œ 정보λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:08
view a verb.
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02:09
For example, an aspect can show whether
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 츑면은
02:12
an action is complete or continuing.
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μž‘μ—…μ΄ μ™„λ£Œλ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ λ˜λŠ” κ³„μ†λ˜λŠ”μ§€ μ—¬λΆ€λ₯Ό ν‘œμ‹œν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:15
When we use the perfect aspect, we look
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μ™„λ²½ν•œ 츑면을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
02:18
back from a certain point in time to another point in time.
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νŠΉμ • μ‹œμ μ—μ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹œμ μ„ λ˜λŒμ•„ λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
I'm going to explain lots more about this, and I will give you lots of examples.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 이것에 λŒ€ν•΄ 더 λ§Žμ€ 것을 μ„€λͺ…ν•  것이고 , λ§Žμ€ 예λ₯Ό λ“€κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
I am going to refer to them as the perfect tenses from now on because I
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μ§€κΈˆλΆ€ν„° μ™„λ£Œν˜•μ΄λΌκ³  λΆ€λ₯΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 그것이
02:33
think that's the name most of you are familiar with; we don't have to
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ—κ²Œ μΉœμˆ™ν•œ 이름이라고 μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
02:37
overcomplicate this.
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이것을 μ§€λ‚˜μΉ˜κ²Œ λ³΅μž‘ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€ ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:39
Let's talk about how we form the perfect tenses.
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μ™„λ£Œμ‹œμ œλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 방법에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
02:42
The present perfect simple, and the past perfect simple have very similar forms.
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ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ λ‹¨μˆœν˜•κ³Ό κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œ λ‹¨μˆœν˜•μ€ ν˜•νƒœκ°€ 맀우 μœ μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
We form positive sentences in the present perfect simple with subject + have
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μ£Όμ–΄ + have
02:55
or has + past participle.
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λ˜λŠ” has + 과거뢄사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ‹¨μˆœ ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œν˜•μœΌλ‘œ 긍정 λ¬Έμž₯을 λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
We form the past perfect simple with
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03:00
subject + had + past participle.
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μ£Όμ–΄ + had + κ³Όκ±°λΆ„μ‚¬λ‘œ λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
I have been to London.
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λ‚˜λŠ” λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μžˆλ‹€.
03:06
I had been to London.
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λ‚˜λŠ” λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€.
03:08
To form negative sentences, we add not
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뢀정문을 λ§Œλ“€λ €λ©΄
03:11
after have, has, or had.
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have, has, had 뒀에 not을 μΆ”κ°€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
For example, she has not been to London.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:19
She had not been to London.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
And to form questions, we invert the
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그리고 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ£Όμ–΄λ₯Ό λ’€μ§‘μ–΄μ„œ
03:24
subject and have, has, or had.
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have, has, hadλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
Had she been to London?
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?
03:28
We form positive sentences in the future perfect simple with subject + will
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μ£Όμ–΄ + will
03:35
have + past participle.
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have + κ³Όκ±°λΆ„μ‚¬λ‘œ λ‹¨μˆœλ―Έλž˜μ™„λ£Œν˜• 긍정문을 λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
I will have been to London.
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λ‚˜λŠ” λŸ°λ˜μ— 갔을 것이닀.
03:40
To form negative sentences, we add not after will.
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뢀정문을 λ§Œλ“€λ €λ©΄ will 뒀에 not을 μΆ”κ°€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
03:44
I will not have been to London.
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λ‚˜λŠ” λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 없을 것이닀.
03:46
And to form questions, we invert the
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그리고 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
03:48
subject and will.
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μ£Όμ œμ™€ μ˜μ§€λ₯Ό λ’€μ§‘μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
Will they have been to London?
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그듀은 λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°€λ΄€μ„κΉŒμš”?
03:52
In speech and informal writing, we often use contractions.
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μ—°μ„€μ΄λ‚˜ 비격식적인 κΈ€μ“°κΈ°μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ’…μ’… μΆ•μ•½ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:56
Have is often contracted to β€˜ve and has is often contracted to β€˜s, pronounced
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HaveλŠ” μ’…μ’… 've둜 μΆ•μ•½λ˜κ³  hasλŠ” μ’…μ’… 's둜 μΆ•μ•½λ˜μ–΄
04:05
/s/ or /z/.
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/s/ λ˜λŠ” /z/둜 λ°œμŒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
Depending on whether an unvoiced or voiced sound comes before it.
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λ¬΄μ„±μŒ λ˜λŠ” μœ μ„±μŒμ΄ μ•žμ— μ˜€λŠ”μ§€μ— 따라 λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:11
For example, I've been to London.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ €λŠ” λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
He's been to London.
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κ·ΈλŠ” λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
04:16
Pat's been to London.
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Pat은 λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
04:18
In negative sentences, we usually
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λΆ€μ •λ¬Έμ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 일반적으둜
04:20
contract have not to haven't and has not to hasn't.
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have not to Haven't와 has not to Haven'tλ₯Ό κ³„μ•½ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:27
You haven't been to London.
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당신은 λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:29
She hasn't been to London.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μ–΄μš”.
04:31
Had is often contracted to β€˜d.
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HadλŠ” μ’…μ’… 'd'둜 μΆ•μ•½λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:36
He'd been to London.
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κ·ΈλŠ” λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
In negative sentences, had not is often contracted to hadn't.
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λΆ€μ •λ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” had not이 hadn't둜 μΆ•μ•½λ˜λŠ” κ²½μš°κ°€ λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:43
We hadn't been to London.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:45
Will is often contracted to β€˜ll.
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Will은 μ’…μ’… 'll'둜 μΆ•μ•½λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:49
They'll have been to London.
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그듀은 λŸ°λ˜μ— 갔을 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”. λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ 말할 λ•ŒλŠ”
04:51
Notice that I pronounce have as /Əv/
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haveλ₯Ό /Ο„v/둜 λ°œμŒν•œλ‹€λŠ” 점에 μœ μ˜ν•˜μ„Έμš”
04:55
when I'm speaking quickly.
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.
04:57
They'll have been to London.
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그듀은 λŸ°λ˜μ— 갔을 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
04:59
And will not is usually contracted to won't.
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그리고 will not은 λŒ€κ°œ will't둜 μΆ•μ•½λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:02
I won't have been to London.
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λ‚˜λŠ” λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 없을 것이닀.
05:04
Okay, now all of that's out the way, let's talk about the uses of the perfect tenses.
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자, 이제 λͺ¨λ“  것이 λλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ˜ μ‚¬μš©λ²•μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
05:10
In very general terms, we use the present perfect simple to look back from the
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맀우 일반적인 μš©μ–΄λ‘œλŠ” ν˜„μž¬λ₯Ό λ˜λŒμ•„λ³Ό λ•Œ ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ λ‹¨μˆœν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:15
present time.
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. 과거의 ν•œ 지점을 λ˜λŒμ•„
05:16
We use the past perfect simple to look
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λ³Ό λ•Œ λ‹¨μˆœκ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:19
back from a point in the past.
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.
05:21
And we use the future perfect simple to
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그리고
05:24
look back from a point in the future.
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미래의 ν•œ μ§€μ μ—μ„œ λ˜λŒμ•„λ³Ό λ•Œ λ‹¨μˆœ λ―Έλž˜μ™„λ£Œν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:27
It all makes sense.
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λͺ¨λ‘ μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:28
Let's talk about the 3 key uses.
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3가지 μ£Όμš” μš©λ„μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기해 λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:32
First, life experiences.
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첫째, 인생 κ²½ν—˜μ΄λ‹€.
05:34
We use the perfect simple tenses to talk about life experiences up to a specific
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” νŠΉμ • μ‹œμ κΉŒμ§€μ˜ μ‚Άμ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ„ 말할 λ•Œ μ™„λ£Œ λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:40
point in time.
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. μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό
05:41
We don't say exactly when these life
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05:43
experiences happened when we use a perfect tense.
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μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•ŒλŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‚Άμ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ΄ μ–Έμ œ μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λŠ”μ§€ μ •ν™•νžˆ λ§ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€μ˜ μ‚Άμ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ„
05:46
We use the present perfect simple to talk about life experiences up to now.
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말할 λ•Œ ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ λ‹¨μˆœν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
05:51
The experiences happened in the past, but we are looking at them from the present.
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κ·Έ κ²½ν—˜μ€ 과거에 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것을 ν˜„μž¬λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 바라보고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:57
For example, I have been to New York.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ €λŠ” λ‰΄μš•μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:00
That means at some point in my life up to
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그것은 μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ λ‚΄ μΈμƒμ˜ μ–΄λŠ μ‹œμ μ—μ„œ
06:03
now, I went to New York.
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λ‰΄μš•μ— κ°”λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:05
You don't know when exactly, but you know
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ •ν™•νžˆ μ–Έμ œμΈμ§€ λͺ¨λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ
06:07
it was before the present time and that this event is completed.
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그것이 ν˜„μž¬ μ‹œκ°„ μ΄μ „μ΄μ—ˆκ³  이 사건이 μ™„λ£Œλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:11
I am no longer in New York.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 더 이상 λ‰΄μš•μ— μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 μˆ˜μ—…κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ œκ³΅λ˜λŠ” The Perfect Ebookμ—μ„œ
06:13
You can learn about using the perfect
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06:15
tenses to say how many times something happened and negative sentences in The
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μ–΄λ–€ 일이 λͺ‡ λ²ˆμ΄λ‚˜ μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λŠ”μ§€ λ§ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방법과 뢀정적인 λ¬Έμž₯을 배울 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:20
Perfect Ebook that goes with this lesson.
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.
06:23
Link is down below.
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λ§ν¬λŠ” μ•„λž˜μ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:24
We can use the past perfect simple to talk about life experiences that happened
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06:29
before a point in the past.
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과거의 μ–΄λŠ μ‹œμ  이전에 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λ˜ μ‚Άμ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:31
For example, I had been to New York by
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ €λŠ” 25μ„Έ λ•Œ λ‰΄μš•μ— λ‹€λ…€μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:35
the time I was 25.
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06:36
In this example, the point from which we
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이 μ˜ˆμ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€
06:39
are looking back is age 25, and the sentence tells you that before I was 25,
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λ˜λŒμ•„λ³΄λŠ” μ‹œμ μ€ 25세이고, λ¬Έμž₯은 μ œκ°€ 25μ„Έ 이전에
06:45
I went to New York.
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λ‰΄μš•μ— κ°”λ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ§ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:46
We use the future perfect simple to talk
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06:49
about life experiences that will be complete by a specific point in the future.
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미래의 νŠΉμ • μ‹œμ μ— μ™„λ£Œλ  인생 κ²½ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ λ‹¨μˆœ 미래 μ™„λ£Œν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:55
Here is that same example again.
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여기에 같은 μ˜ˆκ°€ λ‹€μ‹œ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:57
I will have been to New York by the time
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λ‚˜λŠ” 35μ„Έμ―€μ—λŠ” λ‰΄μš•μ— 갔을 것이닀.
07:00
I am 35.
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07:01
Age 35 for me is in the future.
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λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ 35μ„ΈλŠ” 미래의 일이닀.
07:05
This sentence tells us that before I am 35, I will visit New York.
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이 λ¬Έμž₯은 λ‚΄κ°€ 35μ„Έκ°€ 되기 전에 λ‰΄μš•μ„ λ°©λ¬Έν•  κ²ƒμž„μ„ μ•Œλ €μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:10
You don't know when, but the action of visiting New York will happen before I am 35.
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μ–Έμ œμΌμ§€λŠ” λͺ¨λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ λ‰΄μš•μ„ λ°©λ¬Έν•˜λŠ” ν–‰μœ„λŠ” λ‚΄κ°€ 35μ„Έ 이전에 일어날 것이닀.
07:16
The next use I want to talk about is for unfinished states and actions.
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λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  싢은 μš©λ„λŠ” 아직 λλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μƒνƒœμ™€ ν–‰μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ 것이닀. νŠΉμ • μ‹œμ  이전에 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ—¬ ν•΄λ‹Ή μ‹œμ κΉŒμ§€ κ³„μ†λ˜λŠ” μƒνƒœμ™€ 행동에 λŒ€ν•΄
07:22
We can use the perfect tenses to talk about states and actions that begin
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μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:27
before a point in time and continue up to that point.
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.
07:31
This usage often tells us the duration of the action up to a certain point.
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이 μ‚¬μš©λ²•μ€ μ’…μ’… νŠΉμ • μ§€μ κΉŒμ§€μ˜ μž‘μ—… 기간을 μ•Œλ €μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ–΄λ–€ 것이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 였래 μ§€μ†λ˜λŠ”μ§€
07:37
We can sometimes use the perfect simple or perfect continuous tenses when talking
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이야기할 λ•Œ λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ μ™„μ „ λ‹¨μˆœν˜• λ˜λŠ” μ™„μ „ μ§„ν–‰ν˜• μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:42
about how long something lasts, and I've explained this in more detail in The
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. μ €λŠ” 이에 λŒ€ν•΄ The Perfect Ebookμ—μ„œ 더 μžμ„Ένžˆ μ„€λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:48
Perfect Ebook.
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.
07:50
In this video, we're just focusing on the
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이번 μ˜μƒμ—μ„œλŠ” λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œμ—λ§Œ μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:52
simple tenses.
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. κ³Όκ±°
07:54
We use the present perfect simple to talk
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07:56
about states or actions that began in the past and continue to the present.
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에 μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ–΄ ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€ κ³„μ†λ˜λŠ” μƒνƒœλ‚˜ 행동에 λŒ€ν•΄ 말할 λ•Œ ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ λ‹¨μˆœν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
08:01
We don't know if they will continue in the future.
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œλ„ κ³„μ†λ μ§€λŠ” μ•Œ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
08:04
Here is an example.
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여기에 μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:05
I have lived in Manchester for 5 years.
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μ €λŠ” λ§¨μ²΄μŠ€ν„°μ—μ„œ 5λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:08
I started living in Manchester 5 years ago, and I still live there now.
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μ €λŠ” 5λ…„ 전에 λ§¨μ²΄μŠ€ν„°μ— μ‚΄κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆκ³  μ§€κΈˆλ„ 그곳에 μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:12
We use the past perfect simple to talk about states or actions that began in the
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κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ λ‹¨μˆœν˜•μ€ 과거에 μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ–΄ 과거의
08:17
past and continued up to a later point in the past.
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λ‚˜μ€‘ μ‹œμ κΉŒμ§€ μ§€μ†λœ μƒνƒœλ‚˜ 행동을 말할 λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
08:22
I had lived in Manchester for 5 years by the time I was 23.
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μ €λŠ” 23μ‚΄ λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ λ§¨μ²΄μŠ€ν„°μ—μ„œ 5λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:27
This means that I started living in Manchester when I was 18, and I still
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즉, 18μ‚΄ λ•ŒλΆ€ν„° λ§¨μ²΄μŠ€ν„°μ— μ‚΄κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆκ³ ,
08:31
lived there when I was 23, 5 years later.
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5년이 μ§€λ‚œ 23살에도 μ—¬μ „νžˆ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έ 후에도
08:35
You don't know if I continued living
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계속 κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ μ‚΄μ•˜λŠ”μ§€ 당신은 λͺ¨λ₯΄μ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:36
there after that.
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.
08:38
That's not clear in this sentence.
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이 λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œλŠ” 그것이 λͺ…ν™•ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:39
We use the future perfect simple to talk about states and actions that will
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08:43
continue to a point in the future.
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미래의 μ–΄λŠ μ‹œμ κΉŒμ§€ 계속될 μƒνƒœμ™€ 행동에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ λ‹¨μˆœ 미래 μ™„λ£Œν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:46
I will have lived in Manchester for 5
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λ‚˜λŠ” 33μ„Έκ°€ 되면 λ§¨μ²΄μŠ€ν„°μ—μ„œ 5년을 μ‚΄κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:49
years by the time I am 33.
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08:52
In this sentence, the starting point for
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이 λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ
08:53
living in Manchester is age 28.
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λ§¨μ²΄μŠ€ν„° μƒν™œμ˜ μ‹œμž‘μ μ€ 28μ„Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:57
Which is in the past.
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μ΄λŠ” κ³Όκ±°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:58
5 years later, I will be 33 and still living in Manchester.
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5λ…„ ν›„, λ‚˜λŠ” 33μ„Έκ°€ 되며 μ—¬μ „νžˆ λ§¨μ²΄μŠ€ν„°μ— μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:02
Okay, time for the final use.
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자, λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μ‚¬μš© μ‹œκ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:04
I'm calling this use consequences.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 이것을 μ‚¬μš© 결과라고 λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€. νŠΉμ • μ‹œμ  이전에 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έ μ‹œμ μ— κ΄€λ ¨λœ 일에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κΈ°
09:09
We can use the perfect simple tenses to talk about things that happened before a
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μœ„ν•΄ μ™„λ£Œ λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:14
point in time but are relevant at that point.
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.
09:17
It's like talking about the consequences
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μ΄λŠ”
09:19
of an action or event.
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ν–‰λ™μ΄λ‚˜ μ‚¬κ±΄μ˜ 결과에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 것과 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:21
We use the present perfect simple to talk
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09:24
about an event that happened in the past but it is important in the present.
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과거에 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λ˜ 사건에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ λ‹¨μˆœν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš© ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ΄λŠ” ν˜„μž¬μ— μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:29
For example, I've been out every night this week so I'm really tired today.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 이번 μ£Όμ—λŠ” 맀일 λ°€ 밖에 λ‚˜κ°€μ„œ μ˜€λŠ˜μ€ 정말 ν”Όκ³€ν•΄μš”.
09:34
That's a past action with a present consequence.
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그것은 ν˜„μž¬μ˜ κ²°κ³Όκ°€ μžˆλŠ” 과거의 ν–‰λ™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:38
I was out every night up to now and I am
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ 맀일 λ°€ 밖에 λ‚˜κ°”λ”λ‹ˆ
09:40
tired now.
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이제 ν”Όκ³€ν•΄μš”.
09:41
We use the past perfect simple to talk about an event that happened in the past
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κ³Όκ±° 에 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λ˜ 일이 과거에
09:45
that was important at a later date in the past.
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λ‚˜μ€‘μ— μ€‘μš”ν–ˆλ˜ 사건에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:49
For example, I’d been out every night that week so I was really tired.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, κ·Έ μ£Όμ—λŠ” 맀일 λ°€ 밖에 λ‚˜κ°€μ„œ 정말 ν”Όκ³€ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
09:54
A past action with a past consequence.
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과거의 κ²°κ³Όκ°€ μžˆλŠ” 과거의 행동.
09:57
I went out every night of the week in the past and the next day, I was tired.
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μ˜ˆμ „μ—λŠ” 일주일 λ‚΄λ‚΄ λ°€λ§ˆλ‹€ λ‚˜κ°”λ‹€κ°€ λ‹€μŒλ‚  ν”Όκ³€ν–ˆμ–΄μš”. 두
10:02
Both of those events are in the past.
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사건 λͺ¨λ‘ κ³Όκ±°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:04
And the future perfect simple.
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그리고 λ―Έλž˜μ™„λ£ŒλŠ” κ°„λ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:06
We use the future perfect simple to talk about something that will happen before
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 미래의 νŠΉμ • μ‹œμ  이전에 일어날 일이자 λ‚˜μ€‘μ—
10:11
a point in the future that will be relevant at a later time.
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관련될 일에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ λ‹¨μˆœ 미래 μ™„λ£Œν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
10:16
For example, I will have been out every night that week so I will be tired.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, λ‚˜λŠ” κ·Έ 주에 맀일 λ°€ 밖에 λ‚˜κ°€μ„œ ν”Όκ³€ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:22
It's a future action with aΒ  likely future consequence.
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μ΄λŠ” ν–₯ν›„ κ²°κ³Όκ°€ λ°œμƒν•  κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆλŠ” ν–₯ν›„ μ‘°μΉ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ•žμœΌλ‘œ
10:26
I will go out every night for a week in the future and then I will be tired.
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일주일 λ™μ•ˆ 맀일 λ°€ 밖에 λ‚˜κ°€λ©΄ ν”Όκ³€ν•  것 κ°™μ•„μš”.
10:31
Okay, that is everything I want to say about the perfect tenses today.
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μ’‹μ•„μš”, 이것이 μ œκ°€ 였늘 μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ§ν•˜κ³  싢은 μ „λΆ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:35
Of course, there are more ways we use these tenses, but I think these are the
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λ¬Όλ‘  이 μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방법은 더 λ§Žμ§€λ§Œ , λ‚΄ μƒκ°μ—λŠ” 이것이
10:39
most useful for you.
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λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²Œ κ°€μž₯ μœ μš©ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ„€λͺ… μƒμžμ— μžˆλŠ” 링크λ₯Ό ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ λ‹€μš΄λ‘œλ“œν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
10:40
I go into so much more detail in The
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The Perfect Ebookμ—μ„œ 훨씬 더 μžμ„Ένžˆ μ„€λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:43
Perfect Ebook, which you can download by clicking the link in the description box.
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.
10:48
You will also get access to the exercise pack where you can test your understanding.
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λ˜ν•œ 이해도λ₯Ό ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ—°μŠ΅ νŒ©μ— μ•‘μ„ΈμŠ€ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:53
I would also love to see you complete the homework where you practise using some of
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λ˜ν•œ
10:58
these tenses in the comments section.
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λŒ“κΈ€ μ„Ήμ…˜μ—μ„œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‹œμ œ 쀑 일뢀λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ—°μŠ΅ν•˜μ—¬ μˆ™μ œλ₯Ό μ™„λ£Œν•˜λŠ” 것을 보고 μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:00
You can use my examples in the video and
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μ˜μƒμ— λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” μ˜ˆμ‹œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ§žμΆ€ν™”ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
11:03
personalise them to you.
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.
11:04
If you like the way I teach grammar and
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μ œκ°€ 문법을 κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” 방식이 λ§ˆμŒμ— λ“€κ³ 
11:06
you want to master the B1, B2 or C1 level of English, I think you will love my
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B1, B2 λ˜λŠ” C1 μˆ˜μ€€ 의 μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό λ§ˆμŠ€ν„°ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄ 제
11:12
Beautiful British EnglishΒ  B1, B2 and C1 Programmes.
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μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄ 영ꡭ μ˜μ–΄ B1, B2 및 C1 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ΄ λ§ˆμŒμ— λ“œμ‹€ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:16
Over 10,000 students have taken these programmes.
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10,000λͺ… μ΄μƒμ˜ 학생듀이 이 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ μˆ˜κ°•ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:20
Well over 10,000.
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10,000이 λ„˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:21
I think it is 12,000 now.
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ 12,000정도 된 것 κ°™μ•„μš”.
11:23
They are full of amazing grammar lessons; conversation lessons, vocabulary lessons.
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λ†€λΌμš΄ 문법 μˆ˜μ—…μœΌλ‘œ 가득 μ°¨ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. νšŒν™” 레슨, 단어 레슨.
11:28
Pronunciation is woven through.
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발음이 μ§œμ—¬μ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:30
I think you will really like them.
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λ‚΄ 생각엔 당신이 정말 μ’‹μ•„ν•  것 κ°™μ•„μš”.
11:32
If you are interested, visit englishwithlucy.com.
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관심이 μžˆμœΌμ‹œλ©΄ englishwithlucy.com을 λ°©λ¬Έν•˜μ„Έμš” .
11:34
I will see you soon for another lesson.
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μ‘°λ§Œκ°„ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ κ°•μ˜λ‘œ μ°Ύμ•„λ΅™κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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