HAVE BEEN / HAS BEEN / HAD BEEN - Complete English Grammar Lesson with Examples

729,474 views ・ 2024-02-01

English with Lucy


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Hello lovely students and welcome back to English with Lucy.
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μ‚¬λž‘μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ 학생듀 μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”. Lucy와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ˜μ–΄λ‘œ λ‹€μ‹œ λŒμ•„μ˜¨ 것을 ν™˜μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:03
Today I have a grammar lesson all about have been, has been and had been.
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였늘 μ €λŠ” κ³Όκ±°, κ³Όκ±°, 과거에 κ΄€ν•œ 문법 μˆ˜μ—…μ„ λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
00:11
I receive questions about have, has and had been all the time.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 항상 가지고 μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”μ§€, μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”μ§€, μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
00:18
I'm going to clarify nearly all of the ways we use them.
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λ‚˜λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 그것듀을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 거의 λͺ¨λ“  방법을 λͺ…ν™•νžˆ ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
Now this is going to be quite a long video.
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이제 κ½€ κΈ΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ 될 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
So before we start I'm going to tell you
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κΈ° 전에 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄
00:27
exactly what I'll be talking about so that you know what to expect.
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무엇을 κΈ°λŒ€ν•΄μ•Ό 할지 μ•Œ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μ œκ°€ 이야기할 λ‚΄μš©μ„ μ •ν™•νžˆ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:31
The lesson will begin with which subjects we use with have, has and had.
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μˆ˜μ—…μ€ have, has, had와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ³Όλͺ©μœΌλ‘œ μ‹œμž‘λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:39
Then I am going to show you how to form positive and negative sentences and
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그런 λ‹€μŒ
00:44
questions using have, has and had been.
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have, has 및 had been을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 긍정적이고 뢀정적인 λ¬Έμž₯κ³Ό μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 방법을 보여 λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
After that we are going to discuss the
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κ·Έ 후에 μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
00:50
pronunciation of these words and the use of contractions.
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이 λ‹¨μ–΄λ“€μ˜ 발음과 μΆ•μ•½ν˜•μ˜ μ‚¬μš©λ²•μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ…Όμ˜ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
Really important part, do not miss it.
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정말 μ€‘μš”ν•œ λΆ€λΆ„μ΄λ‹ˆ λ†“μΉ˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.
00:56
And then we're going to go over 4 of
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그런 λ‹€μŒ μ£Όμš” μš©λ„ 쀑 4가지λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:59
their key uses.
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. μ—¬ν–‰ κ²½ν—˜μ—
01:01
We're going to discuss how to talk about
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κ΄€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 방법에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ…Όμ˜ν•΄ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:03
travel experiences.
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.
01:05
That's a source of some really common mistakes.
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μ΄λŠ” 맀우 ν”ν•œ μ‹€μˆ˜μ˜ μ›μΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
We'll also discuss how to describe unfinished states and actions with an
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λ˜ν•œ for와 before에 쀑점을 두고 μ™„λ£Œλ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μƒνƒœμ™€ μž‘μ—…μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 방법에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλ„ λ…Όμ˜ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:12
additional focus on for and since because that gets a lot of you.
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.
01:17
I'm going to show you how to talk about 2 past events or actions and then
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2개의 κ³Όκ±° μ‚¬κ±΄μ΄λ‚˜ ν–‰μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ§ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ³ 
01:22
finally we will focus on how to focus on the object of a sentence with the passive voice.
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ μˆ˜λ™νƒœλ‘œ λ¬Έμž₯의 λͺ©μ μ–΄μ— μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ§žμΆ”λŠ” 방법에 μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
That might sound complicated but I'm going to make it really clear for you.
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λ³΅μž‘ν•˜κ²Œ 듀릴 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ 정말 λͺ…ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
At the end of the video I'm going to give you some extra information about when we
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λΉ„λ””μ˜€ λμ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μƒν™©μ—μ„œ μ–Έμ œ μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ λͺ‡ 가지 μΆ”κ°€ 정보λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
use have been, has been and had been in other situations and then we will end
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그런 λ‹€μŒ
01:42
this lesson with a short quiz so that you can see how much you remember and retain
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짧은 ν€΄μ¦ˆλ‘œ 이 μˆ˜μ—…μ„ λ§ˆλ¬΄λ¦¬ν•˜μ—¬ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 많이 μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ 확인할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 μ˜μƒμ„ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜κ³  κ°„μ§ν•˜μ„Έμš”
01:48
from this video.
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.
01:49
I haven't done such an in-depth, long
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λ‚˜λŠ”
01:52
grammar lesson on this channel before.
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이전에 이 μ±„λ„μ—μ„œ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 깊이 있고 κΈ΄ 문법 μˆ˜μ—…μ„ ν•΄λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:54
I want you to feel like you're in a
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λ‚˜λŠ” 당신이
01:56
classroom with me going through the full process of learning about have been, has
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λ‚˜μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ ꡐ싀에 μžˆμ–΄ μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€, μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€, 그리고 과거에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ°°μš°λŠ” 전체 과정을 κ²ͺκ³  μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 느끼기λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€
02:01
been and had been.
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. λ§ˆμŒμ— λ“€λ©΄
02:03
Let me know if you like it.
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μ•Œλ €μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
02:04
Now let's start with someΒ  tenses and constructions.
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이제 λͺ‡ 가지 μ‹œμ œμ™€ ꡬ성뢀터 μ‹œμž‘ν•΄ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
In this lesson I'm going to mention the
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이번 λ‹¨μ›μ—μ„œλŠ”
02:11
present perfect simple, the present perfect continuous, the past perfect
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ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ λ‹¨μˆœν˜•, ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•, λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œ
02:16
simple, the past perfect continuous and the passive voice and I'm not going to
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, κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰ν˜• 및 μˆ˜λ™νƒœμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜€λŠ˜μ€ 초점이 맞좰져 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
02:22
explain these tenses and constructions in detail because the focus today is on
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‹œμ œμ™€ ꡬ성을 μžμ„Ένžˆ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:27
using have been, has been and had been.
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μ‚¬μš© μ€‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
However, if you want to learn more about
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‹œμ œμ™€ ꡬ성에 λŒ€ν•΄ 더 μžμ„Ένžˆ μ•Œκ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄
02:32
these tenses and constructions, don't worry! I've got you!
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κ±±μ •ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”! λ‚˜λŠ” 당신을 μ–»μ—ˆλ‹€!
02:36
I've got you is slang for I'll look after you!
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I've got youλŠ” λ‚΄κ°€ 당신을 돌볼 κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” 뜻의 μ†μ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€!
02:39
I've got your back!
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λ‚΄κ°€ 도와 μ€„κ²Œ!
02:40
I'll support you!
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λ‚˜λŠ” 당신을 μ§€μ›ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€!
02:41
I have created a free pdf and in that pdf
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λ‚˜λŠ” 무료 PDFλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆκ³  κ·Έ PDFμ—μ„œ
02:45
I cover all of these tenses and structures in detail.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  μ‹œμ œμ™€ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό μžμ„Ένžˆ 닀루고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
And I've also included everything, a full
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그리고 이번 κ°•μ˜
02:51
summary of what we're going to discuss in this lesson and we end it with another quiz.
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μ—μ„œ λ…Όμ˜ν•  λ‚΄μš©μ— λŒ€ν•œ 전체 μš”μ•½μ„ λͺ¨λ‘ ν¬ν•¨μ‹œμΌ°μœΌλ©° 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ ν€΄μ¦ˆλ‘œ λ§ˆλ¬΄λ¦¬ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
This pdf is virtually an ebook at this point.
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이 PDFλŠ” ν˜„μž¬λ‘œμ„œλŠ” 사싀상 μ „μžμ±…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
It is so thorough and so in-depth and
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맀우 μ² μ €ν•˜κ³  μ‹¬μΈ΅μ μ΄λ―€λ‘œ
03:03
you can download it for free.
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무료둜 λ‹€μš΄λ‘œλ“œν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
If you want it just click on the link in
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μ›ν•˜λŠ” 경우 μ„€λͺ… μƒμžμ— μžˆλŠ” 링크λ₯Ό ν΄λ¦­ν•˜κΈ°λ§Œ ν•˜λ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:07
the description box.
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.
03:08
You enter your name and your email address.
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이름과 이메일 μ£Όμ†Œλ₯Ό μž…λ ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
You sign up to my mailing list and the pdf will arrive directly in your inbox.
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λ‚΄ 메일링 λ¦¬μŠ€νŠΈμ— κ°€μž…ν•˜λ©΄ PDFκ°€ 받은 νŽΈμ§€ν•¨μ— 직접 λ„μ°©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
After that you will automatically receive my free weekly lesson pdfs alongside all
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κ·Έ ν›„μ—λŠ” λͺ¨λ“ 
03:21
of my news, course updates and offers.
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λ‰΄μŠ€, μ½”μŠ€ μ—…λ°μ΄νŠΈ 및 μ œμ•ˆκ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ 무료 μ£Όκ°„ κ°•μ˜ PDFλ₯Ό μžλ™μœΌλ‘œ λ°›κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
It's a free service.
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무료 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
You can unsubscribe at any time but to get that pdf just click on the link in
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μ–Έμ œλ“ μ§€ ꡬ독을 μ·¨μ†Œν•  수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ ν•΄λ‹Ή PDFλ₯Ό λ°›μœΌλ €λ©΄ μ„€λͺ… μƒμžμ— μžˆλŠ” 링크λ₯Ό ν΄λ¦­ν•˜κΈ°λ§Œ ν•˜λ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:29
the description box.
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.
03:30
Okay first I'm going to talk about the basics.
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μ’‹μ•„μš”, λ¨Όμ € 기본적인 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
We use have been and has been in the present perfect tenses.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
I, you, we, they and plural nouns go with have been.
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I, you, we, they 및 볡수 λͺ…사와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš© λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
I have been, you have been, the books have been, my parents have been.
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λ‚˜λ„ 그랬고, λ„ˆλ„ 그랬고, 책도 그랬고, λ‚˜μ˜ λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜λ„ κ·Έλž¬λ‹€.
03:50
He, she, it and singular and uncountable nouns go with has been.
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κ·Έ, κ·Έλ…€, 그것과 λ‹¨μˆ˜ 및 λΆˆκ°€μ‚° λͺ…사가 ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:56
She has been, it has been, London has been, the bread has been.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 그랬고, λŸ°λ˜λ„ 그랬고, 빡도 κ·Έλž¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
Bread is uncountable.
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빡은 μ…€ 수 없이 λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:04
We use had been with all subjects, nice
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
04:08
and easy, in the past perfect tenses.
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κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ—μ„œ had been을 niceν•˜κ³  easyν•œ λͺ¨λ“  μ£Όμ œμ— μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:12
I had been, he had been, our children had
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λ‚˜λ„ 그랬고, 그도 그랬고, 우리 아이듀도
04:15
been, the tea had been.
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그랬고, 차도 κ·Έλž¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
How can I not bring up tea?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ°¨λ₯Ό κ°€μ Έμ˜¬ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
04:19
I'm British.
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04:19
All subjects in the past perfect tenses.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 영ꡭ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄μ•Ό.
κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ˜ λͺ¨λ“  주제.
04:22
Now let's move on to positive and negative sentences and questions.
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이제 긍정적이고 뢀정적인 λ¬Έμž₯κ³Ό 질문으둜 λ„˜μ–΄κ°€κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:27
In positive sentences, the structure is subject + have, has or had been.
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긍정적인 λ¬Έμž₯의 κ΅¬μ‘°λŠ” μ£Όμ–΄ + have, has λ˜λŠ” hadμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:32
Nice and simple.
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μ’‹κ³  κ°„λ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:34
In negative sentences we put not between
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λΆ€μ •λ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ”
04:39
have, has or had and been.
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have, has, had와 been 사이에 not을 λ„£μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:42
Subject, have, has or had not been.
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μ£Όμ œλŠ” μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μžˆμ—ˆκ±°λ‚˜ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:47
In questions, we invert the subject word order and we put have, has or had before
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μ§ˆλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” μ£Όμ–΄ μ–΄μˆœμ„ 거꾸둜 ν•˜κ³  μ£Όμ–΄ μ•žμ— have, has, hadλ₯Ό λ„£μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:54
the subject.
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.
04:55
Have, has or had + subject + been.
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Have, has λ˜λŠ” have + 주제 + λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:59
Now I want to note here that we can use been, to be, as a main verb or an auxiliary verb.
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이제 μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ” been, to beλ₯Ό 주동사 λ˜λŠ” μ‘°λ™μ‚¬λ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 점에 μ£Όλͺ©ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:06
As a main verb it expresses the state or action being described.
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μ£Όμš” λ™μ‚¬λ‘œμ„œ μ„€λͺ…λ˜λŠ” μƒνƒœλ‚˜ λ™μž‘μ„ ν‘œν˜„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ . 이
05:11
It is not followed by another verb and you will see this later in the video in
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동사 λ’€μ—λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 동사가 λ‚˜μ˜€μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©° λ‚˜μ€‘μ— λ™μ˜μƒμ—μ„œ
05:16
sentences like I have been to France.
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I have been to France와 같은 λ¬Έμž₯으둜 이 λ‚΄μš©μ„ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:20
As an auxiliary verb, it adds grammatical
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보쑰 λ™μ‚¬λ‘œμ„œ
05:22
information to a sentence.
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λ¬Έμž₯에 문법 정보λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:25
It's followed by a main verb.
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κ·Έ λ’€μ—λŠ” μ£Όμš” 동사가 μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:27
You will also see this later in the video in sentences like I have been studying
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λ‚˜μ€‘μ— μ˜μƒμ—μ„œ μ œκ°€
05:32
English for 3 years.
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3λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό κ³΅λΆ€ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” λ¬Έμž₯으둜 이 λ‚΄μš©μ„ 보싀 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:34
In this sentence, studying is the main verb.
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이 λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œλŠ” κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ£Όμš” λ™μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:38
Okay, we're doing well but there's more to do and before we get started with how
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μ’‹μ•„μš”, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 잘 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ§€λ§Œ 아직 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일이 더 남아 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:42
these words are used we need to go over the pronunciation.
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이 단어듀이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ”μ§€ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κΈ° 전에 λ°œμŒμ„ κ²€ν† ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
05:45
Been is pronounced /biːn/ or /bΙͺn/.
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Been은 /biːn/ λ˜λŠ” /bΙ™n/으둜 λ°œμŒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:51
/biːn/ with a long /iː/ sound, /bΙͺn/ with a
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/biːn/은 κΈ΄ /iː/ μ†Œλ¦¬κ°€ λ‚˜κ³ , /bΙ™n/은
05:54
short /Ιͺ/ sound.
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짧은 /Ι™/ μ†Œλ¦¬κ°€ λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:56
Both are correct but /bΙͺn/ is very common
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λ‘˜ λ‹€ μ •ν™•ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ /bΙ™n/은
06:00
in faster informal speech.
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더 λΉ λ₯Έ 비곡식 λŒ€ν™”μ—μ„œ 맀우 μΌλ°˜μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:03
It's also very common for speakers to use
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ν™”μžκ°€
06:05
contractions with have, has or had been.
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have, has λ˜λŠ” had beenκ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μˆ˜μΆ•ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것도 맀우 μΌλ°˜μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:08
For example, I have been often becomes
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, I've been은
06:13
I've been or I've been with the shorter /Ιͺ/ sound.
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I've been이 λ˜κ±°λ‚˜ I've been이 더 짧은 /Ι™/ μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:18
So listen out for the contracted forms
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ
06:21
I've, you've, we've and they've.
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λ‚΄κ°€, 당신도, μš°λ¦¬λ„, 저듀도 κ³„μ•½ν•œ κ³„μ•½μ„œλ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
06:24
The same thing happens to has been which
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06:28
reduces to /z/ or /s/. For example, he's been, she's been and it's been and had been
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/z/ λ˜λŠ” /s/둜 μΆ•μ†Œλ˜λŠ” κ²½μš°λ„ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 그도 그랬고, 그녀도 그랬고,
06:39
which contracts to /d/.
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/d/와 μ–΄λ–€ 계약을 λ§Ίμ—ˆλŠ”μ§€, μ§€κΈˆλ„ κ·Έλž¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:42
For example, I'd been and he'd been.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, λ‚˜λŠ” 그랬고 κ·ΈλŠ” κ·Έλž¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έκ²ƒμ˜
06:46
There's an exception with the contraction of it had.
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μˆ˜μΆ•μ—λŠ” μ˜ˆμ™Έκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . 그것은
06:49
It had been which contracts to it'd, it'd.
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μ–΄λ–€ 계약을 λ§Ίμ—ˆλŠλƒ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μΆ”κ°€ μŒμ ˆμ„ μΆ”κ°€ν•˜λŠ”
06:55
Notice the extra schwa /Ι™/ sound there which
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μΆ”κ°€ schwa /Ι™/ μ†Œλ¦¬μ— μ£Όλͺ©ν•˜μ„Έμš”
06:58
adds an extra syllable.
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.
06:59
It'd, it'd.
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κ·Έλž¬μ„ κ±°μ•Ό, κ·Έλž¬μ„ κ±°μ•Ό.
07:01
Finally, we often contract a noun with have, has or had been.
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ’…μ’… λͺ…사λ₯Ό have, has λ˜λŠ” had둜 μ•½μΉ­ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:06
For example, the books’ve been or London's been or our children’d been.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 책은 그랬고, λŸ°λ˜λ„ 그랬고, 우리 아이듀도 κ·Έλž¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:14
Okay, we're ready for uses.
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μ’‹μ•„μš”, 이제 μ‚¬μš©ν•  μ€€λΉ„κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. have been, been, had been의
07:15
Let's talk about the first and easiest
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첫 번째이자 κ°€μž₯ μ‰¬μš΄ μ‚¬μš©λ²•μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기해 λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:18
use of have been, has been and had been.
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.
07:21
This might be the easiest but this is
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이것이 κ°€μž₯ μ‰¬μšΈ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
07:23
where a lot of my students get confused and make mistakes.
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λ§Žμ€ 학생듀이 ν˜Όλž€μŠ€λŸ¬μ›Œ ν•˜κ³  μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” 뢀뢄이 λ°”λ‘œ μ—¬κΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—¬ν–‰ κ²½ν—˜μ„ 말할 λ•Œ
07:27
We often use have been, has been and had been when talking about travel experiences.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ’…μ’… have been, been, had been을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
07:34
For example, Will has been to London many times.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μœŒμ€ λŸ°λ˜μ— μ—¬λŸ¬ 번 κ°€λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:39
This means that Will has visited London
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μ΄λŠ” 윌이 μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ μΈμƒμ—μ„œ λŸ°λ˜μ„ μ—¬λŸ¬ 번 λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:42
many times in his life up until now.
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.
07:45
Note that it's been to London but it's
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λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°€λ΄€μ§€λ§Œ λ°©λ¬Έ
07:49
just visited London without to.
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ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  방금 λŸ°λ˜μ„ λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 점에 μœ μ˜ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
07:53
That's a common mistake, to insert a to
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07:55
where it's not wanted after visited.
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λ°©λ¬Έν•œ ν›„ μ›ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 곳에 λ₯Ό μ‚½μž…ν•˜λŠ” 것은 ν”ν•œ μ‹€μˆ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:57
Here's another example.
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:59
I've been to France three times.
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μ €λŠ” ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ— μ„Έ 번 κ°€λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:03
I have visited France three times in my
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λ‚˜λŠ” μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ ν”„λž‘μŠ€λ₯Ό μ„Έ 번 λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆκ³ 
08:06
life until now and I might go again in the future.
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œλ„ 또 κ°ˆμ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ₯Έλ‹€ .
08:09
Here are some more examples.
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λ‹€μŒμ€ λͺ‡ 가지 μ˜ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:11
Has Verity been to Cardiff?
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VerityλŠ” 카디프에 κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
08:14
Yes, she has been to Cardiff. No, she hasn't been to Cardiff.
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λ„€, κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 카디프에 κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμ–΄μš”. μ•„λ‹ˆμš”, κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 카디프에 κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μ–΄μš”.
08:19
Have you been to Australia?
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ν˜Έμ£Όμ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
08:20
Yes, I have. No, I haven't.
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λ„€, μžˆμ–΄μš”. μ•„λ‹ˆμš”, 그렇지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:23
So these answers are usually shortened to
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 닡변은 일반적으둜
08:25
Yes, I have. No, I haven't.
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Yes, I have둜 μΆ•μ•½λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ•„λ‹ˆμš”, 그렇지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:28
Please note that we can't talk about
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08:29
specific times with have or has been to talk about general travel experiences.
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일반적인 μ—¬ν–‰ κ²½ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•œ 적이 μžˆκ±°λ‚˜ μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 적이 μžˆλŠ” νŠΉμ • μ‹œκ°„μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 점에 μœ μ˜ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
08:35
If you want to say exactly when something happened, use the past simple.
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무슨 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λŠ”μ§€ μ •ν™•νžˆ λ§ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄ λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ„Έμš”. μž‘λ…„μ— 호주
08:40
It would be wrong to say I have been to Australia last year.
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에 λ‹€λ…€μ™”λ‹€κ³  ν•˜λ©΄ ν‹€λ¦° 말일 것이닀 .
08:44
It should be I went to Australia last year.
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μž‘λ…„μ— ν˜Έμ£Όμ— κ°”μ—ˆλ‚˜ λ΄μš”.
08:48
Now I'd like to mention something that
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이제 μ €λŠ”
08:50
lots of learners find confusing.
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λ§Žμ€ ν•™μŠ΅μžλ“€μ΄ ν˜Όλž€μŠ€λŸ¬μ›Œν•˜λŠ” 점을 μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:53
Have or has been versus have or has gone.
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있음 λ˜λŠ” 있음 λŒ€ 있음 λ˜λŠ” μ—†μŒ. λˆ„κ΅°κ°€κ°€ μ–΄λ–€ μž₯μ†Œμ— κ°”λ‹€κ°€ λŒμ•„μ™”λ‹€κ³ 
08:57
We use have or has been to say that someone went to a place and then returned.
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말할 λ•Œ have λ˜λŠ” have been을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
09:05
We use have or has gone to say that someone went to a place and has not returned.
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λˆ„κ΅°κ°€κ°€ μ–΄λ–€ μž₯μ†Œμ— κ°”λ‹€κ°€ λŒμ•„μ˜€μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을 말할 λ•Œ have λ˜λŠ” has gone을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:12
Look at these examples.
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이 예λ₯Όλ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
09:13
Alicia has been to Mumbai.
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AliciaλŠ” 뭄바이에 λ‹€λ…€μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:16
She went to Mumbai and then she came back.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 뭄바이에 κ°”λ‹€κ°€ λ‹€μ‹œ λŒμ•„μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:19
Alicia has gone to Mumbai.
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μ•Œλ¦¬μƒ€λŠ” λ­„λ°”μ΄λ‘œ κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:22
She will be back next week.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ‹€μŒ 주에 λŒμ•„μ˜¬ 것이닀.
09:24
She went to Mumbai and she is still there.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 뭄바이에 κ°”μ—ˆκ³  아직도 거기에 μžˆμ–΄μš”. μ—¬ν–‰ κ²½ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄
09:27
You can also use had been when talking about travel experiences.
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말할 λ•Œλ„ had been을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
09:32
We use had been to say that we travelled or didn't travel to a place before
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 과거에 λ‹€λ₯Έ 사건 이전에 μ–΄λ–€ μž₯μ†Œλ‘œ μ—¬ν–‰ν–ˆκ±°λ‚˜ μ—¬ν–‰ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜κ³€ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:38
another event in the past.
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.
09:40
For example, I had never been to the US
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ €λŠ”
09:44
before I visited New York last year.
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μž‘λ…„μ— λ‰΄μš•μ„ λ°©λ¬Έν•˜κΈ° μ „κΉŒμ§€ 미ꡭ에 κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:47
There are two past tenses here.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—λŠ” κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ΄ 2개 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:49
I had never been and I visited both refer to the past.
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λ‚˜λŠ” ν•œ λ²ˆλ„ κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μœΌλ©° κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ 두 곳을 λͺ¨λ‘ λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
09:54
The sentence means that the first time in my life that I visited the US was when I
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이 λ¬Έμž₯은 μ œκ°€ 생애 처음으둜 미ꡭ을 λ°©λ¬Έν•œ 것은
09:59
went to New York last year.
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μž‘λ…„μ— λ‰΄μš•μ— 갔을 λ•ŒλΌλŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:01
Here's another example.
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:02
I was excited to receive an invitation to their wedding in Barcelona.
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λ‚˜λŠ” λ°”λ₯΄μ…€λ‘œλ‚˜μ—μ„œ μ—΄λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ˜ κ²°ν˜Όμ‹μ— μ΄ˆλŒ€λ₯Ό λ°›κ³  맀우 κΈ°λ»€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:07
I had been to Spain before, but only to Madrid.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 이전에 μŠ€νŽ˜μΈμ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ λ§ˆλ“œλ¦¬λ“œμ—λ§Œ κ°€λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:11
This sentence means that I received the
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이 λ¬Έμž₯은 μ œκ°€
10:12
invitation to the wedding in the past.
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과거에 κ²°ν˜Όμ‹μ— μ΄ˆλŒ€λ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜λ‹€λŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄ˆλŒ€μž₯을
10:15
I visited Spain at some point before I
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λ°›κΈ° μ „ μ–΄λŠ μ‹œμ μ— μŠ€νŽ˜μΈμ„ λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
10:17
got the invitation but not Barcelona where the wedding was.
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κ²°ν˜Όμ‹μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ λ°”λ₯΄μ…€λ‘œλ‚˜λŠ” λ°©λ¬Έν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:21
Okay, we're ready for usage number two.
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μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 두 번째 μ‚¬μš©λ²•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•  μ€€λΉ„κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:24
Unfinished states and actions.
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μ™„λ£Œλ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μƒνƒœ 및 μž‘μ—…. κ³Όκ±°
10:27
We use have been and has been in the present perfect simple to talk about
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에 μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μ„œ ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€ κ³„μ†λ˜λŠ” μƒνƒœμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•ŒλŠ” λ‹¨μˆœ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œν˜•μΈ have beenκ³Ό been을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:32
states that started in the past and continue up to the present.
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.
10:38
For example, he has been a nurse for almost a year or he has been a nurse
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, κ·ΈλŠ” κ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬λ‘œ μΌν•œ 지 거의 1년이 λ˜μ—ˆκ±°λ‚˜
10:44
since last March.
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μ§€λ‚œ 3μ›”λΆ€ν„° κ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬λ‘œ 일해 μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:46
He started working as a nurse last March
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ§€λ‚œ 3μ›”λΆ€ν„° κ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬λ‘œ μΌν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•΄
10:48
and has had the job for almost a year.
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거의 1λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μΌν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:50
He is still a nurse now.
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ§€κΈˆλ„ κ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•
10:52
We use have and has been + -ing in the present perfect continuous to talk about
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μ—μ„œλŠ” have와 been + -ingλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬
11:00
actions that started in the past and continue up to the present.
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과거에 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ—¬ ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€ κ³„μ†λ˜λŠ” ν–‰μœ„λ₯Ό λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:03
For example, I have been studying English since 2021.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μ €λŠ” 2021λ…„λΆ€ν„° μ˜μ–΄ 곡뢀λ₯Ό ν•΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 2021년이 μ˜μ–΄
11:09
2021 was my starting point for studying English so I started in 2021 and I have
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κ³΅λΆ€μ˜ μΆœλ°œμ μ΄μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 2021년에 μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μ„œ ν˜„μž¬
11:14
continued for 3 years until the present day.
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κΉŒμ§€ 3λ…„μ§Έ κ³„μ†ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
11:18
You don't know if I will continue studying English in the future.
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μ œκ°€ μ•žμœΌλ‘œλ„ 계속 μ˜μ–΄ 곡뢀λ₯Ό ν• μ§€λŠ” λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:22
Using have been or has been doesn't give you any information about the future.
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have been λ˜λŠ” been been을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것은 λ―Έλž˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ–΄λ–€ 정보도 μ œκ³΅ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:27
We often use the words for and since with the present perfect tenses.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ for와 SinceλΌλŠ” 단어λ₯Ό 자주 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
11:32
When we use for, we're talking about the duration of the activity or the period of time.
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forλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•ŒλŠ” ν™œλ™ κΈ°κ°„μ΄λ‚˜ 기간을 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:39
So 3 years is how long I have been studying English.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ 3년은 λ‚΄κ°€ μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό κ³΅λΆ€ν•œ 기간이닀.
11:44
When we say since we are talking about the starting point.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‹œμž‘μ μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 말할 λ•Œ .
11:47
So I started studying English in 2021.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 2021λ…„λΆ€ν„° μ˜μ–΄ 곡뢀λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
11:51
Here are some more example sentences.
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μ˜ˆλ¬Έμ„ 더 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦΄κ²Œμš”.
11:53
William has been watching TV since midday.
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William은 μ •μ˜€λΆ€ν„° TVλ₯Ό μ‹œμ²­ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:57
William's been watching TV for 3 hours.
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μœŒλ¦¬μ—„μ€ 3μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ TVλ₯Ό μ‹œμ²­ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:00
Presuming it's 3 in the afternoon.
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μ˜€ν›„ 3μ‹œλΌκ³  κ°€μ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:02
In the first sentence, William started
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첫 번째 λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ William은
12:04
watching TV at midday and he is still watching TV now.
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μ •μ˜€λΆ€ν„° TVλ₯Ό μ‹œμ²­ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆκ³  μ§€κΈˆλ„ μ—¬μ „νžˆ TVλ₯Ό μ‹œμ²­ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:09
In the second sentence, he started watching TV 3 hours ago and he is
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두 번째 λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ κ·ΈλŠ” 3μ‹œκ°„ μ „λΆ€ν„° TVλ₯Ό μ‹œμ²­ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆκ³ 
12:14
still watching now.
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μ§€κΈˆλ„ 계속 μ‹œμ²­ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:16
Another example, we've been together for
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 예둜, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 7λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ ν•¨κ»˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:18
7 years.
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.
12:20
We've been together since 2017.
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2017λ…„λΆ€ν„° ν•¨κ»˜ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
12:23
So we got together 7 years ago in 2017 and we are still together now.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 7λ…„ 전인 2017년에 λ­‰μ³€κ³ , μ§€κΈˆλ„ ν•¨κ»˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
12:29
That's actually true.
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그것은 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:31
I can't believe 2017 is 7 years ago.
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2017년이 7λ…„μ „μ΄λΌλŠ”κ²Œ 믿겨지지 μ•Šλ„€μš”.
12:34
Okay, use number 3.
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μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 3λ²ˆμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
12:36
We're going to take a closer look at had been.
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had been에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ’€ 더 μžμ„Ένžˆ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:39
I'm going to take the sentences that we used to learn have been and has been and
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μ €λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ°°μ› λ˜ λ¬Έμž₯을 κ°€μ Έμ™€μ„œ
12:44
show you how they're used with had been.
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had beenκ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 보여 λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:47
And this is going to help you see how the
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그리고 이것은 μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ³€ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움이 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:49
meaning changes.
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. μ˜μ–΄ 곡뢀에
12:50
Let's start with our sentence about
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κ΄€ν•œ λ¬Έμž₯λΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:52
studying English because it's nice and relevant for you.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 그것은 λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²Œ μ’‹κ³  관련성이 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:54
Here it is with had been in the past perfect continuous.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ” κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ— μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μž‘λ…„μ— λŸ°λ˜μ— 갔을 λ•Œ
12:58
I had been studying English for 3 years when I went to London last year.
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μ €λŠ” 3λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
13:03
There are 2 past actions here.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—λŠ” κ³Όκ±° μž‘μ—…μ΄ 2개 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:06
One continuous past action, I had been
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μ—°μ†λœ κ³Όκ±° ν™œλ™ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
13:10
studying English and a single finished action, I went to London.
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μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆκ³ , μ™„λ£Œλœ 단일 ν™œλ™μ€ λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°”μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:15
Now I want to compare that sentence with our previous one, with have been.
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이제 μ €λŠ” κ·Έ λ¬Έμž₯을 이전 λ¬Έμž₯κ³Ό λΉ„κ΅ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:20
I have been studying English for three years.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 3λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό 곡뢀해 μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:24
Here, there is one action that continues
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여기에 ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€ μ΄μ–΄μ§€λŠ” ν–‰μœ„κ°€ ν•˜λ‚˜ μžˆλ‹€
13:27
up to the present.
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. μ§€λ‚œ 사건이 2개 μžˆμ„
13:28
We use had been or had been + -ing when
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λ•ŒλŠ” had been λ˜λŠ” had been + -ingλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
13:33
there are 2 past events.
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.
13:35
The action with had been began in the
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μž‘μ—…μ€ 과거에 μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ–΄ 과거의
13:38
past and continued up to a more recent point in the past.
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졜근 μ‹œμ κΉŒμ§€ κ³„μ†λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
13:42
We use the past simple to talk about the action or event that happened second.
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두 번째둜 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ ν–‰λ™μ΄λ‚˜ 사건을 말할 λ•Œ λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:47
In this case, the more recent point was last year when I went to London.
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이 경우 κ°€μž₯ 졜근 μ‹œμ μ€ μž‘λ…„μ— λŸ°λ˜μ— 갔을 λ•Œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 처음 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 행동에
13:51
We use the past perfect continuous for the action which happened first.
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λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ . 런던
13:56
We don't know if the action of studying English continued beyond the visit to
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λ°©λ¬Έ 이후에도 μ˜μ–΄ 곡뢀 ν™œλ™μ΄ κ³„μ†λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€λŠ” μ•Œ 수 μ—†μ§€λ§Œ
14:01
London, but I hope so.
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, 그러기λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:03
Never stop studying English.
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μ˜μ–΄ 곡뢀λ₯Ό λ©ˆμΆ”μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.
14:05
I haven't stopped studying English.
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λ‚˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ 곡뢀λ₯Ό λ©ˆμΆ”μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:07
Let's have a look at the other example
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜ˆλ¬Έμ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³ 
14:08
sentences and change them to had been.
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had둜 λ°”κΏ” λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:11
We have William had been watching TV for
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μœŒλ¦¬μ—„μ€ 3μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ TVλ₯Ό 보고 μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°
14:14
3 hours when he stopped to do some housework.
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μ§‘μ•ˆμΌμ„ ν•˜λ €κ³  멈좰 μ„°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:17
The action had been watching
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μ§€μΌœλ³΄κ³  있던 행동은
14:20
began first and continued until William realised it was time to start the housework.
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μœŒλ¦¬μ—„μ΄ μ§‘μ•ˆμΌμ„ μ‹œμž‘ν•  μ‹œκ°„μ΄λΌλŠ” 것을 깨달을 λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ κ³„μ†λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:26
Another example, he'd been a nurse for 11 months when he quit his job.
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 예둜 κ·ΈλŠ” κ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬λ‘œ μΌν•œ 지 11 κ°œμ›”μ΄ λ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ 직μž₯을 κ·Έλ§Œλ’€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:31
In this case, he became a nurse and continued in the job for 11 months.
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이 경우 κ·ΈλŠ” κ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬κ°€ λ˜μ–΄ 11κ°œμ›” λ™μ•ˆ κ·Έ 일을 κ³„μ†ν–ˆλ‹€.
14:36
Then, he quit.
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그런 λ‹€μŒ κ·ΈλŠ” 그만 λ‘μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:37
This is an example of the past perfect simple.
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이것은 κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œ λ‹¨μˆœν˜•μ˜ μ˜ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:40
And the last example is a sad one.
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μ˜ˆλŠ” μŠ¬ν”ˆ μ˜ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν—€μ–΄μ‘Œμ„
14:44
We had been together for 7 years when
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λ•Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 7λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ ν•¨κ»˜ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
14:47
we broke up.
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.
14:48
We were in a relationship for 7 years before we broke up.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 헀어지기 μ „κΉŒμ§€ 7λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ—°μ• λ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
14:52
I'm not referring to my relationship by the way.
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그런데 λ‚˜λŠ” λ‚΄ 관계λ₯Ό μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
14:54
Last lesson, I didn't wear my wedding
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μ§€λ‚œλ²ˆ λ ˆμŠ¨μ—μ„œλŠ” κ²°ν˜Όλ°˜μ§€
14:56
ring because it was having some maintenance and there were rumours.
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관리 μž‘μ—…κ³Ό μ†Œλ¬Έμ΄ λ‚˜μ„œ 끼지 μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”.
15:00
Okay, let's move on to the fourth and final use that I want to talk about in
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자, 이번 μ˜μƒ μ—μ„œ μ œκ°€ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  싢은 λ„€ 번째이자 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μš©λ„μΈ
15:04
this video of have been, has been and had been.
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have been, been and had been에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:07
They are used in the passive voice.
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μˆ˜λ™νƒœλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:10
So, I buy lots of things online for my dog, Diego.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‚˜λŠ” λ‚΄ 개 디에고λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 온라인으둜 λ§Žμ€ 물건을 κ΅¬μž…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
15:14
And when I complete a purchase, I get an email saying, your order has been received.
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그리고 ꡬ맀λ₯Ό μ™„λ£Œν•˜λ©΄ 주문이 μ ‘μˆ˜λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 이메일을 λ°›κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:20
This sentence is in the passive voice.
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이 λ¬Έμž₯은 μˆ˜λ™νƒœμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:23
In the active voice, it would be, we have received your order.
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λŠ₯λ™νƒœλ‘œ ν‘œν˜„ν•˜λ©΄ ' μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·€ν•˜μ˜ 주문을 λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:26
The website uses the passive voice
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15:28
because we, the seller, isn't important to this situation.
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판맀자인 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 μƒν™©μ—μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈμ—μ„œλŠ” μˆ˜λ™νƒœλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
15:33
The order is more important, so the focus of the sentence is on that.
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μˆœμ„œκ°€ 더 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ―€λ‘œ λ¬Έμž₯의 μ΄ˆμ μ€ μˆœμ„œμ— 맞좰져 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:37
After I've bought something, the shop sends my purchases to me.
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λ‚΄κ°€ λ­”κ°€λ₯Ό κ΅¬λ§€ν•œ ν›„, μƒμ μ—μ„œλŠ” λ‚΄κ°€ κ΅¬λ§€ν•œ μƒν’ˆμ„ λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ λ³΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:42
I often get a message from the courier.
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νƒλ°°κΈ°μ‚¬λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ’…μ’… λ©”μ‹œμ§€λ₯Ό λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:44
Notice the pronunciation of courier.
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courier의 λ°œμŒμ— μ£Όλͺ©ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
15:46
Courier with the /ʊ/ sound, courier.
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/ʊ/ μ†Œλ¦¬κ°€ λ‚˜λŠ” 택배, 택배.
15:49
I always want to say courier or courier, but it's courier.
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늘 택배, 택배라고 λ§ν•˜κ³  싢은데 νƒλ°°λ„€μš”.
15:52
Distracted by pronunciation, I get a
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발음 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ£Όμ˜κ°€ μ‚°λ§Œν•΄μ‘ŒλŠ”λ°,
15:54
message from the courier saying, your parcel has been delivered.
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νƒλ°°κΈ°μ‚¬λ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ μ†Œν¬κ°€ λ°°λ‹¬λλ‹€λŠ” λ©”μ‹œμ§€λ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:59
Or, because I usually buy several things at once, your parcels have been delivered.
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ μ œκ°€ ν‰μ†Œμ— μ—¬λŸ¬κ°œλ₯Ό ν•œκΊΌλ²ˆμ— κ΅¬λ§€ν•˜λŠ” 편이라 κ³ κ°λ‹˜μ˜ 택배가 λ°°μ†‘λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:06
The parcels are more important than the company or person who delivered them.
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μ†Œν¬λŠ” λ°°λ‹¬ν•œ νšŒμ‚¬λ‚˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ³΄λ‹€ 더 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:09
Hence, the passive voice.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μˆ˜λ™νƒœ.
16:11
So how do we use had been in the passive voice?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μˆ˜λ™νƒœμ—μ„œλŠ” had been을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ‚˜μš”?
16:15
This is quite advanced, but it's important that you know it because I'm
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이것은 κ½€ μ§„λ³΄λœ λ‚΄μš©μ΄μ§€λ§Œ, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ“£κ²Œ 될 것이라고 ν™•μ‹ ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 그것을 μ•„λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
16:18
sure you will hear it.
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.
16:20
We use had been in the passive voice when
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16:23
there are 2 actions in the past.
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과거에 2개의 λ™μž‘μ΄ μžˆμ„ λ•ŒλŠ” had been μˆ˜λ™νƒœλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:25
For example, my van had been repaired by
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, λ‚΄ 밴은 정비사에 μ˜ν•΄ μˆ˜λ¦¬λ˜μ—ˆκΈ°
16:28
the mechanic, so it was as good as new.
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λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μƒˆκ²ƒμ΄λ‚˜ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:31
Both of the events or actions were in the past.
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μ‚¬κ±΄μ΄λ‚˜ 행동 λͺ¨λ‘ κ³Όκ±°μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:34
The first event that occurred is indicated with had been and the second
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λ°œμƒν•œ 첫 번째 사건은 had been으둜 ν‘œμ‹œλ˜κ³  두 번째 사건은
16:39
with the past simple.
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κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœμœΌλ‘œ ν‘œμ‹œλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:40
So first, the mechanic repaired my car
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ¨Όμ € 정비사가 λ‚΄ μ°¨λ₯Ό μˆ˜λ¦¬ν•΄ μ€¬λ”λ‹ˆ
16:43
and then it was as good as new.
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μƒˆ 차처럼 μ’‹μ•„μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:45
Let's look at another example.
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:47
By the time we arrived at the hotel, all the rooms had been booked for the night.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν˜Έν…”μ— λ„μ°©ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ λͺ¨λ“  객싀은 ν•˜λ£»λ°€ 묡을 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μ˜ˆμ•½λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:53
Again, we have two events in the past.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 과거에 두 가지 μ΄λ²€νŠΈκ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:55
First, people booked all of the rooms and
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λ¨Όμ € μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λͺ¨λ“  객싀을 μ˜ˆμ•½ν•œ ν›„
16:58
then we arrived at the hotel.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν˜Έν…”μ— λ„μ°©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:00
Very poor planning.
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κ³„νšμ΄ 맀우 쒋지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:01
Okay, extra bits, extra info.
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μ’‹μ•„μš”, μΆ”κ°€ 정보, μΆ”κ°€ μ •λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:05
In this final section, I want to give you
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이 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μ„Ήμ…˜μ—μ„œλŠ”
17:06
some extra information about when you will see have been, has been, and had
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μ–Έμ œ μ‚¬μš© λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€, μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€, μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ μΆ”κ°€ 정보λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
17:12
been used.
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.
17:13
I'm not going to explain these uses in
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μš©λ„μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μžμ„Ένžˆ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•Šκ² μ§€
17:15
great detail, but I just want you to be aware of them.
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만 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ•Œμ•„λ‘μ‹œκΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€ .
17:18
We have 3 to go for.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ°€μ•Ό ν•  3κ°œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:19
And number one, have been after modal verbs.
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그리고 첫 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” 쑰동사 뒀에 μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:23
We see have been, but not has been appear after modal verbs like might and must.
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might와 must와 같은 쑰동사 λ’€μ—λŠ” have beenκ³Ό not been이 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:31
Using have been with different modal verbs could be a whole new video in itself.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 쑰동사와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έ 자체둜 μ™„μ „νžˆ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λΉ„λ””μ˜€κ°€ 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:36
So here are just a couple of examples.
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여기에 λͺ‡ 가지 μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:38
Maria might have been in Ghana last month.
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λ§ˆλ¦¬μ•„λŠ” μ§€λ‚œ 달에 κ°€λ‚˜μ— μžˆμ—ˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:42
She goes every year in January.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 맀년 1월에 κ°„λ‹€.
17:45
Or he must have been at work when you
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 당신이 κ·Έμ—κ²Œ μ „ν™”ν•˜λ €κ³  ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ 직μž₯에 μžˆμ—ˆλ‚˜ λ΄μš”
17:49
tried to call him.
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.
17:50
Number 2, the third conditional.
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2번, μ„Έ 번째 μ‘°κ±΄λΆ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:52
You will also see have been after a modal verb in the third conditional.
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λ˜ν•œ μ„Έ 번째 μ‘°κ±΄λ¬Έμ—μ„œ 쑰동사 뒀에 haveκ°€ ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
17:58
For example, I would have been happy if you had come.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 당신이 왔더라면 λ‚˜λŠ” 기뻀을 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
18:03
And we use had been in the third conditional too.
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ„Έ 번째 쑰건뢀에도 μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:06
If I had been to Greenland before, I would have told you about it.
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λ‚΄κ°€ 전에 κ·Έλ¦°λž€λ“œμ— κ°€λ΄€λ‹€λ©΄ 그것에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ§ν–ˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:11
Number 3, has-been as a noun.
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μ„Έ λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” λͺ…μ‚¬λ‘œμ„œμ˜ has-beμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:14
Can you notice anything weird with this one?
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μ΄κ²ƒμ—μ„œ λ­”κ°€ μ΄μƒν•œ 점을 λ°œκ²¬ν•  수 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
18:17
There is a hyphen between has and been.
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has와 been 사이에 ν•˜μ΄ν”ˆμ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:21
A has-been, a noun, is a person who was
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has-bean, λͺ…μ‚¬λŠ” 과거에
18:25
important, famous, or very good at something in the past but isn't anymore.
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μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ 유λͺ…ν–ˆκ±°λ‚˜ μ–΄λ–€ 일에 μ•„μ£Ό λŠ₯μˆ™ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ 더 이상 그렇지 μ•Šμ€ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λˆ„κ΅°κ°€μ—κ²Œ
18:31
It's not a very nice thing to call someone, but you should recognise the Β 
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μ „ν™”λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” 것은 그닀지 쒋은 일이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ§€λ§Œ ,
18:34
word even if you don't use it.
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μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ”λΌλ„ κ·Έ 단어λ₯Ό 인식해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:37
Okay, quiz time.
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μ’‹μ•„μš”, ν€΄μ¦ˆ μ‹œκ°„μ΄μ—μš”.
18:38
I'm going to show you five sentences, and I want you to decide how to fill in the gaps.
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λ‹€μ„― 개의 λ¬Έμž₯을 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦΄ ν…Œλ‹ˆ, λΉˆμΉΈμ„ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ±„μšΈμ§€ κ²°μ •ν•΄ λ³΄μ‹œκΈ° λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:44
Choose from have been, has been, or had been.
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κ³Όκ±°, κ³Όκ±°, κ³Όκ±° μ€‘μ—μ„œ μ„ νƒν•˜μ„Έμš”.
18:47
Are you ready?
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μ€€λΉ„ λ˜μ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?
18:49
Here's number one.
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μ—¬κΈ° 1μœ„κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:50
She ___ ____ waiting for her friends to arrive
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” ____ ____ μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ΄ λ„μ°©ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό
18:54
for over 30 minutes.
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30λΆ„ λ„˜κ²Œ 기닀리고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:57
I'll give you 5 seconds.
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5초의 μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:05
Has been, she has been waiting.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 기닀리고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:09
Why?
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19:09
Because he, she, it and singular and uncountable nouns go with has been.
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μ™œ?
μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έ(he), κ·Έλ…€(she), 그것(it)κ³Ό λ‹¨μˆ˜ 및 λΆˆκ°€μ‚° λͺ…사가 ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:15
Number 2, Andy ___ ____a teacher for almost 50 years when he retired.
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두 번째, μ•€λ””λŠ” μ€ν‡΄ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ 거의 50λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ κ΅μ‚¬λ‘œ μΌν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:23
You have 5 seconds.
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5초 λ‚¨μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:31
Had been, Andy had been a teacher for almost 50 years when he retired.
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μ•€λ””λŠ” 은퇴할 λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ 거의 50λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ κ΅μ‚¬λ‘œ 일해 μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:38
Okay, number 3.
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μ’‹μ•„μš”, 3번.
19:39
____ you ever ____ to London?
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____ λŸ°λ˜μ— ____ κ°€λ³Έ 적 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
19:42
5 seconds.
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5 초.
19:49
A nice question here, have you ever been to London?
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쒋은 μ§ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
19:53
Number 4, my bike ___ ____ stolen! How am I going to get home?
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λ„€ 번째, λ‚΄ μžμ „κ±°λ₯Ό ___ ____ λ„λ‚œλ‹Ήν–ˆμ–΄μš”! 집에 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ°€λ‚˜μš”?
20:01
5 seconds.
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5 초.
20:08
Has been, my bike has been stolen. How am I going to get home?
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λ‚΄ μžμ „κ±°λ₯Ό λ„λ‚œλ‹Ήν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 집에 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ°€λ‚˜μš”?
20:13
This is in the passive voice.
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이것은 μˆ˜λ™νƒœμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:15
And number 5, Kareem ___ never ____ to Mongolia, but he's planning to go next year.
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그리고 λ‹€μ„― 번째, Kareem은 ___ κ²°μ½” λͺ½κ³¨μ— ____ 가지 μ•Šμ§€λ§Œ λ‚΄λ…„μ—λŠ” 갈 κ³„νšμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:24
5 seconds.
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5 초.
20:31
Kareem has never been to Mongolia, but he's planning to go next year.
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카림은 λͺ½κ³¨μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μ§€λ§Œ λ‚΄λ…„μ—λŠ” 갈 κ³„νšμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:37
How many did you get right?
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λͺ‡ κ°œλ‚˜ λ§žμ·„λ‚˜μš”?
20:38
Share your results in the comment section!
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λŒ“κΈ€ μ„Ήμ…˜μ—μ„œ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό κ³΅μœ ν•΄ μ£Όμ„Έμš”! 이상
20:41
That brings me to the end of this video
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으둜 과거,
20:43
about have been, has been and had been.
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κ³Όκ±°, 과거에 λŒ€ν•œ 이 λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό λ§ˆμΉ˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:46
There is more to learn about these words
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이 단어듀
20:48
and the tenses we use them in, but this has been a really solid overview of some
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κ³Ό 이 단어듀을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 배울 것이 더 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ, 이것은 λͺ‡ 가지 일반적인 μš©λ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ 정말 ν™•μ‹€ν•œ κ°œμš”μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
20:52
common uses.
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.
20:54
If you would like to learn more about the
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문법, ꡬ쑰에 λŒ€ν•΄ 더 많이 배우고
20:55
grammar, the structures and to see a full summary of this lesson, I've
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이 μˆ˜μ—…μ˜ 전체 μš”μ•½μ„ 보고 μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄
20:59
basically written the lesson notes with you.
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기본적으둜 μ œκ°€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μˆ˜μ—… λ…ΈνŠΈλ₯Ό μž‘μ„±ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:01
Download the PDF.
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PDFλ₯Ό λ‹€μš΄λ‘œλ“œν•˜μ„Έμš”.
21:03
The link is in the description box.
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λ§ν¬λŠ” μ„€λͺ…λž€μ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:05
I really hope you've enjoyed today's lesson.
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였늘 μˆ˜μ—…μ΄ 정말 즐거웠기λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:07
If you'd like to learn more with me, check out my B1, B2, and C1 courses.
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저와 ν•¨κ»˜ 더 λ§Žμ€ 것을 배우고 μ‹ΆμœΌμ‹œλ©΄ 제 B1, B2, C1 과정을 확인해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
21:12
The Beautiful British English Programmes.
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μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄ 영ꡭ μ˜μ–΄ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨.
21:15
Just visit englishwithlucy.com and
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englishwithlucy.com을 λ°©λ¬Έν•˜μ‹œλ©΄
21:17
you'll see all of the information you need.
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ν•„μš”ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  정보λ₯Ό 보싀 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
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I will see you soon for another video.
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μ‘°λ§Œκ°„ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜μƒμœΌλ‘œ μ°Ύμ•„λ΅™κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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