C1 (Advanced) Vocabulary in 1 Hour - Ultimate C1 Guide (+ 2 FREE C1 ebooks!)

199,752 views ใƒป 2024-09-13

English with Lucy


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hello, lovely students, and welcome to the 'Ultimate C1' video.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็ด ๆ•ตใชๅญฆ็”Ÿใฎ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ ใ€ŒUltimate C1ใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:04
Today, I'm going to teach you advancedย 
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€
00:07
C1-level vocabulary and aย  little bit of grammar too.
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C1 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎ้ซ˜ๅบฆใช่ชžๅฝ™ใจ ๅฐ‘ใ—ใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚‚ๆ•™ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
00:11
What's the logic behind this video?
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎ่ƒŒๅพŒใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒญใ‚ธใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
00:13
Well, when you're at a C1 level, you should be able to express yourself
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C1 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’
00:18
with precision and talk inย  detail about many subjects.
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ๆญฃ็ขบใซ่กจ็พใ—ใ€ ๅคšใใฎไธป้กŒใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉณใ—ใ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
00:22
You should also be able to speak fairly fluently, without too many pauses while you search
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ใพใŸใ€ๆญฃ็ขบใชๅ˜่ชžใ‚„่กจ็พใ‚’ๆŽขใ™ใจใใซใ‚ใพใ‚Š้–“ใ‚’็ฝฎใ‹ใšใซใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆตๆšขใซ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
00:28
for the exact words and expressions. You need to communicate your thoughts.
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ใ€‚ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:33
This means that you need toย  know a lot of vocabulary.ย 
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ๅคšใใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:37
Luckily, the C1 level is myย  absolute favourite to teach.
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ๅนธใ„ใชใ“ใจใซใ€C1 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฏ็งใŒ ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅฅฝใใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
00:41
There's so much nuance; there'sย  so much art to the language.
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้žๅธธใซๅคšใใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ่จ€่ชžใซใฏ่Šธ่ก“ใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:46
In fact, my most popular course of all time is my Beautiful British English C1 Programme.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€็งใฎใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ไบบๆฐ—ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใฏใ€ ็พŽใ—ใ„่‹ฑๅ›ฝ่‹ฑ่ชž C1 ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:53
Over 5000 students have taken my C1 programme, and they have learnt so much advanced vocabulary
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5,000 ไบบไปฅไธŠใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒ็งใฎ C1 ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ‚’ๅ—่ฌ›ใ—ใ€ ้ซ˜ๅบฆใช่ชžๅฝ™
01:01
as well as C1 grammatical structures, advanced features of pronunciation,
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ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€C1 ใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ๆง‹้€ ใ€ ็™บ้Ÿณใฎ้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ€้ซ˜ๅบฆใชใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซ
01:06
how to write different texts at an advanced level, and so much more.
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ใงใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใฎๆ›ธใๆ–นใชใฉใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
01:11
Students love the storyline that runs through the entire programme,
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็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใฏใ€ ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’่ฒซใใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผๅฑ•้–‹ใจใ€
01:15
and the authentic conversations between me and some of the
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็งใจ
01:18
special people in my life.
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็งใฎไบบ็”ŸใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹็‰นๅˆฅใชไบบใ€…ใจใฎๆœฌ็‰ฉใฎไผš่ฉฑใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฎๅ’ๆฅญ็”ŸใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ‚ŒใŸ
01:19
Take a look at some of the lovely things my graduates have had to say.
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็ด ๆ•ตใช่จ€่‘‰ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
01:23
I would love for you to join them, for you to try this programme. I can guarantee it
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ใœใฒๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:28
will boost your English skills in so many ways. If you want to check out the programme, you
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช้ขใงใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ไฟ่จผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ช
01:33
can click on the link in the description of this video, or you can visit that link on
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ใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ ใ€็”ป้ขไธŠใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€
01:38
screen or scan the QR code to go to the page. There, you'll be able to learn much more
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QR ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใ—ใฆใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใฏใ€
01:44
about my Beautiful British English C1 Programme.
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็งใฎ็พŽใ—ใ„ ่‹ฑๅ›ฝ่‹ฑ่ชž C1 ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใซใคใ„ใฆใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่ฉณใ—ใๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:48
Now, back to the C1 lesson! To make sure you get the most
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ใ•ใฆใ€C1 ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:51
out of this incredibly useful lesson, I've prepared two special Ebooks
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ใ“ใฎ้žๅธธใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆœ€ๅคง้™ใซๆดป็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใจ้€ฃๆบใ™ใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎ็‰นๅˆฅใช้›ปๅญใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’็”จๆ„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
01:57
that go hand in hand with this video. You can download both of them for
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ใ€‚ ไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚็„กๆ–™ใงใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใงใใพใ™
02:03
free for now. I might shut this at some point. The first Ebook contains all of the valuable
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ใ€‚ ใ„ใคใ‹ใ“ใ“ใ‚’้–‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้›ปๅญใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใฏใ€
02:09
information that we cover in this lessonโ€”all of the vocabulary, all of the grammarโ€”so
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎ่ฒด้‡ใชๆƒ…ๅ ฑ (ใ™ในใฆ ใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•) ใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชใจใใฏ
02:14
you can refer back to it whenever you need a refresher.
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ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ๅ‚็…งใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
02:18
I've basically made lesson notes and lesson quizzes for you
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€็งใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใƒŽใƒผใƒˆใจใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใ€
02:22
and compiled them into an Ebook. I'm also including my B1-C1 Ebook.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’้›ปๅญใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใพใจใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ B1-C1 ใฎ้›ปโ€‹โ€‹ๅญใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚‚ๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:29
This Ebook is a 92-page Ebook that contains all of the grammar
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ใ“ใฎ้›ปๅญใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏใ€
02:34
and all of the vocabulary that you need to master in order to achieve
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02:39
the B1, B2, and C1 levels of English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ B1ใ€B2ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ C1 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใ‚’้”ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ็ฟ’ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใจใ™ในใฆใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ 92 ใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใฎ้›ปๅญใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใ™ใ€‚
02:44
If you would like to download these 2 Ebooks for free right now, all
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ๅ†Šใฎ้›ปๅญๆ›ธ็ฑใ‚’ไปŠใ™ใ็„กๆ–™ใงใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
02:47
you have to do is click on the link in the description box, enter your
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่ชฌๆ˜Žใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใ€
02:52
name and your email address.
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ๅๅ‰ใจ้›ปๅญใƒกใƒผใƒซ ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:54
You sign up to my mailing list, and the 2 Ebooks will arrive directly
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็งใฎใƒกใƒผใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐ ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใซใ‚ตใ‚คใƒณใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ 2 ๅ†Šใฎ้›ปๅญๆ›ธ็ฑใŒ
02:58
in your inbox, and then you've joined my free PDF club.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ—ไฟก็ฎฑใซ็›ดๆŽฅๅฑŠใใ€ ็งใฎ็„กๆ–™ PDF ใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ–ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:02
You will automatically receive my free weekly lesson PDFs
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03:06
alongside all of my news course updates and offers.
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็งใฎใ™ในใฆใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใฎ ๆœ€ๆ–ฐๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚„็‰นๅ…ธใจใจใ‚‚ใซใ€็„กๆ–™ใฎๆฏŽ้€ฑใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ PDF ใŒ่‡ชๅ‹•็š„ใซๅฑŠใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:10
It's a free service and you can unsubscribe with one click at any time.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็„กๆ–™ใฎใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใƒฏใƒณใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใง่ณผ่ชญใ‚’่งฃ้™คใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:14
We are going to go through 4 C1 vocabulary videos and then we're
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4 ใคใฎ C1 ใƒœใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ–ใƒฉใƒชใƒผ ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†
03:19
going to end with a special A1 to C1 challenge video to help you test your level.
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ใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ€A1 ใ‹ใ‚‰ C1 ใธใฎ็‰นๅˆฅใชใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธ ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:26
First up, you're going to learn 20 advanced verbs that will help you express
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ใพใšๆœ€ๅˆใซใ€
03:32
yourself at C1, or even C2 level. We go from advocate to scrutinise.
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C1ใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใฏ C2 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใง่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใค 20 ใฎ้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏๆ“่ญท่€…ใ‹ใ‚‰่ชฟๆŸปใธใจ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
03:39
All in just 10 minutes. Are you ready? Hello, lovely students, and welcome back
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ใ™ในใฆใ‚ใšใ‹ 10 ๅˆ†ใงๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็ด ๆ•ตใช็”Ÿๅพ’ใฎ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€
03:43
to English with Lucy. Today, we are going to talk about Advanced English. Our focus
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ใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ ไธŠ็ดš่‹ฑ่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:49
today is on advanced C1-C2 level verbs. If you incorporate these verbs into your
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ้ซ˜ๅบฆใช C1 ๏ฝž C2 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’
03:56
daily spoken English, you will impress people, especially if you say them in
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ๆ—ฅๅธธ็š„ใซ่ฉฑใ™่‹ฑ่ชžใซ็ต„ใฟ่พผใ‚€ใจใ€ ็‰นใซ
04:01
a very natural, nonchalant way. Right, let's get started with the
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้žๅธธใซ่‡ช็„ถใงใ•ใ‚Šใ’ใชใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใง่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ไบบใ€…ใซๅฅฝๅฐ่ฑกใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€
04:06
advanced English verbs. Number 1โ€”'to advocate', 'to advocate',
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ไธŠ็ดšใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅ‹•่ฉžใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็•ชๅท 1 โ€” ใ€Œๆๅ”ฑใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆๅ”ฑใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€
04:12
this is to publicly support or recommend a particular policy or action. An exampleโ€”
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ”ฟ็ญ–ใ‚„่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ๅ…ฌใซๆ”ฏๆŒใพใŸใฏๆŽจๅฅจใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚ ไพ‹ โ€“
04:20
'The celebrity uses her social media platform to advocate for a more sustainable
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ใ€Œๆœ‰ๅไบบใฏใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซ ใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ข ใƒ—ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๆŒ็ถšๅฏ่ƒฝใชๆœชๆฅใ‚’ๆๅ”ฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
04:25
future.' Orโ€”'The politician advocated for greater economic equality for all
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ใ€‚ใ€ ใพใŸใฏโ€”ใ€Œใใฎๆ”ฟๆฒปๅฎถใฏ ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใฎ็ตŒๆธˆ็š„ๅนณ็ญ‰ใฎๆ‹กๅคงใ‚’ไธปๅผตใ—ใŸ
04:30
citizens.' Number 2โ€”'to amplify', 'to amplify'. This is to make something louder or stronger,
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ใ€‚ใ€ ็•ชๅท 2โ€”ใ€Œๅข—ๅน…ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅข—ๅน…ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅคงใใใ—ใŸใ‚Šๅผทใใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€
04:38
to increase the effect or impact of something.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๅŠนๆžœใ‚„ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅข—ๅคงใ•ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
04:41
'The megaphone amplifies the speaker's voice and makes it easier to hear.'
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ใ€Œใƒกใ‚ฌใƒ›ใƒณใฏ็™บ่จ€่€…ใฎๅฃฐใ‚’ๅข—ๅน…ใ—ใฆ ่žใๅ–ใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:46
Orโ€”'The digital marketing campaign amplified the reach and impact of the
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใƒ‡ใ‚ธใ‚ฟใƒซ ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒšใƒผใƒณใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ใƒ–ใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ ใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธ ใฎใƒชใƒผใƒใจๅฝฑ้ŸฟๅŠ›ใŒๆ‹กๅคงใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
04:51
brand's message.' Number 3โ€”'to articulate', 'to articulate'. This is to express or explain
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ใ€‚ใ€ ็•ชๅท 3โ€”ใ€Œๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
04:58
something in a clear and effective way, or to pronounce words clearly
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใ‹ใคๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใช ๆ–นๆณ•ใง่กจ็พใพใŸใฏ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ใพใŸใฏๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบ
05:04
and distinctly. For exampleโ€”'The public speaker articulated her vision for the
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ใ‹ใคๆ˜Ž็ขบใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ่ฌ›ๆผ”่€…ใฏ
05:10
future with passion and conviction. Orโ€”'The language learner is practising articulating
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ๆƒ…็†ฑใจไฟกๅฟตใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆๅฐ†ๆฅใฎใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซ่ฟฐในใŸใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ ่จ€่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใฏใ€
05:16
difficult sounds to improve her pronunciation.' Number 4โ€”'to comprehend', 'to comprehend'.
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็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ้›ฃใ—ใ„้Ÿณใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ็•ชๅท 4โ€”ใ€Œ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚
05:23
This is to understand the meaning or significance of something. 'The student
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚„้‡่ฆๆ€งใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅญฆ็”Ÿใฏ่ฌ›็พฉใงๆ็คบใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ
05:27
struggles to comprehend the complex theories presented in the lecture. Orโ€”'The
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่ค‡้›‘ใช็†่ซ–ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซ่‹ฆๅŠดใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€Œ
05:32
reader will have to re-read the passage multiple times to comprehend the author's
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่ชญ่€…ใฏ ่‘—่€…ใฎใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚่ชญใฟ่ฟ”ใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†
05:38
message.' Number 5โ€”'to convey', 'to convey'. And this is to communicate or express
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ใ€‚ใ€ ใใฎ5โ€•โ€•ใ€Œไผใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œไผใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไป–ใฎไบบใซไผใˆใŸใ‚Šใ€่กจ็พใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
05:43
something to others. This is often a message or information.
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ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใพใŸใฏๆƒ…ๅ ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
05:47
'The artist uses her paintings to convey her emotions and experiences.'
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ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚นใƒˆใฏ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚„็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ็ตตใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:53
Orโ€”'The journalist conveyed the breaking news to the public with
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒŠใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใฏ ้€Ÿๅ ฑใ‚’
05:57
accuracy and timeliness'.ย  Number 6โ€”'to corroborate',ย 
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ๆญฃ็ขบใ‹ใค้ฉๆ™‚ใซๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใซไผใˆใŸใ€ใ€‚ ็•ชๅท 6โ€”ใ€Œ่ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใใฎ
06:02
'to corroborate' a lot of 'r's' in
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ไธญใฎๅคšใใฎใ€Œrใ€ใ‚’ใ€Œ่ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€
06:04
that one, 'to corroborate'. This is to confirm or support a statement, theory, or finding
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ใ€ใ€Œ่ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่จผๆ‹ ใ‚„่จผ่จ€ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ ๅฃฐๆ˜Žใ€็†่ซ–ใ€ใพใŸใฏๆ‰€่ฆ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใพใŸใฏ่ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
06:11
with evidence or testimony. 'The witness is able to corroborate the victim's
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่จผไบบใฏ ่ขซๅฎณ่€…ใฎ็Šฏ็ฝช่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚’่ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹
06:16
account of the crime.' Orโ€”'The scientist corroborated
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ใ€‚ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ็ง‘ๅญฆ่€…ใฏ
06:19
her hypothesis with multiple experiments.' Number 7, 'to decipher'.
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่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๅฎŸ้จ“ใงๅฝผๅฅณใฎไปฎ่ชฌใ‚’่ฃไป˜ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ 7็•ชใ€ใ€Œ่งฃ่ชญใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚
06:26
'To decipher', this is to discover the meaning of something
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ใ€Œ่งฃ่ชญใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏใ€
06:30
written in a bad or hidden way. We can use it to talk about converting
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ๆ‚ชใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใพใŸใฏ้š ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆ–นๆณ•ใงๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็™บ่ฆ‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€
06:34
code or symbols or a foreign language into understandable language.
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ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚„่จ˜ๅทใ€ใพใŸใฏๅค–ๅ›ฝ่ชžใ‚’ ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹่จ€่ชžใซๅค‰ๆ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:40
'The traveller struggled to decipher the foreign language on the menu.'
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ใ€Œๆ—…่กŒ่€…ใฏใƒกใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅค–ๅ›ฝ่ชžใ‚’่งฃ่ชญใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซ่‹ฆๅŠดใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€
06:44
Orโ€”'The detective will have to decipher the hidden meaning behind
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏโ€•โ€•ใ€Œๅˆ‘ไบ‹ใฏ
06:48
the suspect's cryptic message.'
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ๅฎน็–‘่€…ใฎไธๅฏ่งฃใชใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใฎ่ƒŒๅพŒใซ้š ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’่งฃ่ชญใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ใ€
06:50
Next, we have 'to differentiate', 'to differentiate'. This is to
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ๆฌกใซใ€ŒๅŒบๅˆฅใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ ใ€ŒๅทฎๅˆฅๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
06:55
distinguish or to recognize the differences between things
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็‰ฉ
06:59
or people. 'The sommelier is able to differentiate between the subtle
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ใ‚„ไบบใ€…ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’ๅŒบๅˆฅใ—ใŸใ‚Š่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ฝใƒ ใƒชใ‚จใฏใƒฏใ‚คใƒณใฎ ๅพฎๅฆ™ใช้ขจๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅŒบๅˆฅใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
07:03
flavours in the wine.' Orโ€”'The teacher developed lesson plans to help
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ใ€‚ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œๆ•™ๅธซใฏ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒ้กžไผผใฎๆฆ‚ๅฟตใ‚’ๅŒบๅˆฅใงใใ‚‹ ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆŽˆๆฅญ่จˆ็”ปใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
07:07
students differentiate between similar concepts.'
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ใ€‚ใ€
07:11
Number 9โ€”'to dissect'. 'To dissect', this is to analyse or examine something
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็•ชๅท 9โ€”ใ€Œ่งฃๅ‰–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่งฃๅ‰–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฉณ็ดฐใซๅˆ†ๆžใพใŸใฏ่ชฟๆŸปใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—
07:18
in detail, often by breaking it down into its components or parts.
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ใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆง‹ๆˆ ่ฆ็ด ใพใŸใฏ้ƒจๅˆ†ใซๅˆ†ๅ‰ฒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:23
'The scientists dissects the specimen to study its internal structure.'
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ใ€Œ็ง‘ๅญฆ่€…ใŸใกใฏๆจ™ๆœฌใ‚’่งฃๅ‰–ใ— ใฆๅ†…้ƒจๆง‹้€ ใ‚’็ ”็ฉถใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
07:28
Orโ€”'The literary critic dissected the novel to explore its themes
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€Œๆ–‡่Šธๆ‰น่ฉ•ๅฎถใฏๅฐ่ชฌใ‚’่งฃๅ‰–ใ—ใฆใ€ ใใฎใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใจ่ฑกๅพดใ‚’ๆŽขๆฑ‚ใ—ใŸ
07:33
and symbols.' Next, we haveย  'to efface', 'to efface',ย 
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ใ€‚ใ€ ๆฌกใซใ€ ใ€Œๆถˆใ™ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆถˆใ™ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:37
and this is to remove or erase something
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ›ณ็š„ใซๅ‰Š้™คใพใŸใฏๆถˆๅŽปใ—ใฆใ€
07:40
intentionally so it's no longer visible or noticeable. 'The politician
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่ฆ‹ใˆใชใใชใฃใŸใ‚Š็›ฎ็ซ‹ใŸใชใใชใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใฎๆ”ฟๆฒปๅฎถใฏๆ–ฐใŸใช้ธๆŒ™้‹ๅ‹•ใง
07:44
tried to efface the scandal from his public record with a
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ใใฎใ‚นใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’ๅ…ฌ่จ˜้Œฒใ‹ใ‚‰ๆŠนๆถˆใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใŸ
07:48
new campaign.' Orโ€”'The storm
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ใ€‚ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ
07:50
winds are so strong that they are facing the markings
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ๆšด้ขจใŒ้žๅธธใซๅผทใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€้“่ทฏใฎ ๆจ™่ญ˜ใซ้ขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
07:52
on the road.' Next number 11! We are over halfway there. 'Elaborate',ย 
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ใ€‚ใ€ ๆฌกใฏ11็•ช๏ผ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅŠๅˆ†ใ‚’้ŽใŽใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€
07:58
'elaborate'. I love this word!
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ใ€Œ่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™๏ผ
07:59
It means to add more detail or explanation to something,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚„่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใ€
08:03
often to expand or to clarify a concept, idea, or thought.
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ปใƒ—ใƒˆใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ€ๆ€่€ƒใ‚’ๆ‹กๅผตใ—ใŸใ‚Šๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
08:07
'The designer elaborated on her original concept
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ใ€Œใƒ‡ใ‚ถใ‚คใƒŠใƒผใฏ
08:10
after receiving feedback from the client.'
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ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ‰ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆใ€ๅ…ƒใฎใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ปใƒ—ใƒˆใ‚’่ฉณใ—ใ็ทดใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
08:13
Orโ€”'I can see you didn't understand, so I'm going to elaborate on my point.'
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฎ่ฆ็‚นใ‚’่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
08:18
Next, we have 'to exacerbate', 'to exacerbate'. And this is to make a situation or
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œๆ‚ชๅŒ–ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆ‚ชๅŒ–ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็Šถๆณใ‚„
08:24
problem worse. 'The drought exacerbated the water shortage
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ๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๆ‚ชๅŒ–ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅนฒใฐใคใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎๅœฐๅŸŸใฎ ๆฐดไธ่ถณใŒๆ‚ชๅŒ–ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
08:29
in the region. Orโ€”'The medication side effects have exacerbated
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€Œ่–ฌใฎ ๅ‰ฏไฝœ็”จใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€
08:34
my existing health problems. Number 13โ€”'to extrapolate'. 'To extrapolate',
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ๆ—ขๅญ˜ใฎๅฅๅบทไธŠใฎๅ•้กŒใŒๆ‚ชๅŒ–ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็•ชๅท 13โ€”ใ€ŒๆŽจๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅค–ๆŒฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏใ€ใ™ใงใซ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’
08:40
this is to guess or estimate or forecast something using
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ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใ€ๆŽจๅฎšใ€ไบˆๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
08:45
what you already know.
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ใ€‚
08:46
For exampleโ€”'The economist extrapolates future trends from current economic
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ็ตŒๆธˆๅญฆ่€…ใฏ ็พๅœจใฎ็ตŒๆธˆๆŒ‡ๆจ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎๅ‚พๅ‘ใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใพใ™
08:52
indicators.' Orโ€”'We tend to predict the future by extrapolating from the past.'
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ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏ้ŽๅŽปใ‹ใ‚‰ๆŽจๅฎšใ—ใฆๆœชๆฅใ‚’ไบˆๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ€
08:57
Next, we have 'to facilitate'. This meansย 
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ๆฌกใซใ€Œไฟƒ้€ฒใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
08:59
to make something possible or easier or more convenient to do.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฏ่ƒฝใซใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ฐกๅ˜ใซใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šไพฟๅˆฉใซใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:04
For exampleโ€”'The new technology will facilitate communication among
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒŽใƒญใ‚ธใƒผใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ใƒใƒผใƒ ใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผ ้–“ใฎใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒๅฎนๆ˜“ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
09:08
team members.' Orโ€”'The tutor facilitated the development of her students' skills.'
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ใ€‚ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฎถๅบญๆ•™ๅธซใฏ ็”Ÿๅพ’ใฎใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใฎๅ‘ไธŠใ‚’ไฟƒ้€ฒใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
09:14
Next, we have 'to galvanise', 'to galvanise'. And this is to shock
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œไบœ้‰›ใƒกใƒƒใ‚ญใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œไบœ้‰›ใƒกใƒƒใ‚ญใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใซ่กๆ’ƒใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸใ‚Š
09:18
or excite someone into taking action. 'The tragic event galvanised the
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ใ€่ˆˆๅฅฎใ•ใ›ใฆ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’่ตทใ“ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ“ใฎๆ‚ฒๅŠ‡็š„ใชๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใ‚’ใใฃใ‹ใ‘ใซใ€
09:23
community to come together and support each other.'
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ใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใฏๅ›ฃ็ตใ—ใฆ ใŠไบ’ใ„ใ‚’ใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
09:26
Orโ€”'The recent news has galvanised the public to demand change.'
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€Œๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ ๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใฏๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
09:31
Number 16 is 'to integrate', 'to integrate'. And this is to combine or blend
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16็•ชใฏใ€Œ็ตฑๅˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œ็ตฑๅˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
09:36
things together in a harmonious or really functional way.
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็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’่ชฟๅ’Œใฎใจใ‚ŒใŸ ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ€ใพใŸใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝ็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใง็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใƒ–ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
09:40
'The new employee is integrating well with the team.' Orโ€”'The architect
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ใ€Œใใฎๆ–ฐๅ…ฅ็คพๅ“กใฏใƒใƒผใƒ ใซใ†ใพใๆบถใ‘่พผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œๅปบ็ฏ‰ๅฎถใฏ
09:45
integrated the old and new elements of the building design
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ๅปบ็‰ฉใƒ‡ใ‚ถใ‚คใƒณใฎๅคใ„่ฆ็ด ใจๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่ฆ็ด ใ‚’
09:49
seamlessly.' Number 17 is 'to mitigate', 'to mitigate', and this
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ใ‚ทใƒผใƒ ใƒฌใ‚นใซ็ตฑๅˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใฎ17ใฏใ€Œ ็ทฉๅ’Œใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็ทฉๅ’Œใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
09:53
is to make something less harmful, less unpleasant or less bad.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๅฎณใ‚’่ปฝๆธ›ใ—ใ€ ไธๅฟซใ•ใ‚’่ปฝๆธ›ใ—ใ€ๆ‚ชใ•ใ‚’่ปฝๆธ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ•้กŒใ‚„ใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใฎ็ตๆžœใจใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„
10:00
You reduce or you alleviate the severity or the impact of something,
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎ้‡ๅคงๅบฆใ‚„ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’่ปฝๆธ›ใพใŸใฏ่ปฝๆธ›ใ—ใพใ™
10:04
something that's often a problem or a negative consequence.
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ใ€‚
10:07
'The safety measures in place mitigate the risk of accidents.'
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ใ€Œๅฎ‰ๅ…จๅฏพ็ญ–ใŒ่ฌ›ใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ไบ‹ๆ•…ใฎใƒชใ‚นใ‚ฏใŒ่ปฝๆธ›ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
10:11
Orโ€”'The environmental policies have mitigated the damage
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ็’ฐๅขƒๆ”ฟ็ญ–ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š็”Ÿๆ…‹็ณปใธใฎ ใƒ€ใƒกใƒผใ‚ธใฏ่ปฝๆธ›ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ
10:14
to the ecosystem.' Number 18 is 'to perceive', 'to perceive'. This is to
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ใ€‚ใ€ ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใฎ18ใฏใ€Œ ็Ÿฅ่ฆšใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่ช่ญ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
10:20
think of something in a particular way, or to become aware or conscious
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใง่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ ใพใŸใฏ
10:24
of something through your senses or intuition. 'She perceives
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ๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใ‚„็›ด่ฆณใ‚’้€šใ˜ใฆไฝ•ใ‹ใซๆฐ—ใฅใใ€ๆ„่ญ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€
10:28
that her boss is unhappy with her work because of his constant criticism.'
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ไธŠๅธใŒ ็ตถใˆใšๆ‰นๅˆคใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใซไธๆบ€ใ‚’ๆŠฑใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
10:33
Orโ€”'The artist perceived the beauty of nature and
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ใพใŸใฏโ€”ใ€Œ่Šธ่ก“ๅฎถใฏ ่‡ช็„ถใฎ็พŽใ—ใ•ใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใ€
10:37
incorporated it into her work. Number 19 we have 'reconcile',
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไฝœๅ“ใซๅ–ใ‚Šๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ 19็•ชใฏใ€Œๅ’Œ่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€
10:42
'reconcile'. Careful with the pronunciation. It's not /หˆrekษ™nsaษชl/. This is normally
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ใ€Œๅ’Œ่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็™บ้Ÿณใซใฏๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ /หˆrekษ™nsaษชl/ ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้€šๅธธ
10:47
used passively, and it's to make people become friends again after a breakup
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ๅ—ๅ‹•็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ€ ๅˆฅใ‚ŒใŸๅพŒใ‚„ๅฃ่ซ–ใฎๅพŒใซไบบใ€…ใ‚’ๅ†ใณๅ‹้”ใซๆˆปใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
10:52
or an argument. It can also mean to find an acceptable way of dealing
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ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ไบ’ใ„ใซๅฏพ็ซ‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
10:57
with two ideas or concepts that seem to be opposed to each other, toย 
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่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚„ๆฆ‚ๅฟตใ‚’ๆ‰ฑใ„ใ€
11:01
make two conflicting things compatible or consistent with each other.
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็Ÿ›็›พใ™ใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎไบ‹ๆŸ„ใ‚’ไบ’ๆ›ๆ€ง ใพใŸใฏไธ€่ฒซๆ€งใ‚’ๆŒใŸใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ่จฑๅฎนๅฏ่ƒฝใชๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:05
'The mediator is trying to reconcile the differences between the two parties.'
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ใ€Œ่ชฟๅœ่€…ใฏๅŒๆ–นใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใฎ็›ธ้•ใ‚’่ชฟๆ•ดใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ€‚ใ€
11:10
Orโ€”'The couple reconciled after a period of separation.'
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏโ€•โ€•ใ€Œๅคซๅฉฆใฏไธ€ๅฎš ๆœŸ้–“ๅˆฅๅฑ…ใ—ใŸๅพŒใ€ๅ’Œ่งฃใ—ใŸใ€ใ€‚
11:14
And finally 'to scrutinise', 'to scrutinise'. This is to examine or inspect
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œ็ฒพๆŸปใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œ็ฒพๆŸปใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
11:20
something very closely, very thoroughly. You're combing through for mistakes
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’้žๅธธใซ็ถฟๅฏ†ใซใ€้žๅธธใซๅพนๅบ•็š„ใซๆคœๆŸปใพใŸใฏๆคœๆŸปใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฝœๅœจ็š„ใช ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ๅพนๅบ•็š„ใซๆŽขใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
11:26
potentially. 'His apology was carefully scrutinised by his PR team before
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใฎ่ฌ็ฝชใฏไธ€่ˆฌๅ…ฌ้–‹ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ ๅ‰ใซๅบƒๅ ฑใƒใƒผใƒ ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ็ฒพๆŸปใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ
11:32
it was released to the public.' Orโ€”'She scrutinised his essay but couldn't find
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ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ๅฝผใฎใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใ‚’็ฒพๆŸปใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€้–“้•ใ„ใฏไธ€ใคใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
11:38
a single error.'ย 
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ใ€‚ใ€
11:40
Right. Those were your 20 incredibly
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ๅณใ€‚ ไปฅไธŠใ€ 20ใฎไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใปใฉ
11:43
advanced English verbs. As I mentioned, they are C1
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้ซ˜ๅบฆใช่‹ฑ่ชžๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅ…ˆใปใฉใ‚‚่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€C1
11:49
to C2 level. Okay. What did you think of
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ใ‹ใ‚‰C2ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹
11:52
that? Those advanced verbs really help you to articulate
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๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซ ่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซ้žๅธธใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™
11:56
your ideas precisely. Oh, I used 'articulate'!
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚ญใƒฅใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ—ใŸ๏ผ
12:00
Now, in that lesson, you saw 20 advanced verbs, which is quite a lot.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏ 20 ๅ€‹ใฎ้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎ้‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:05
But if you want to achieve a C1 level in English, you need to learn many, many more.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง C1 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใ‚’้”ๆˆใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใถๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:10
And that is where my Beautiful British English C1 Programme comes in.
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ใใ“ใง็งใฎ็พŽใ—ใ„ ่‹ฑๅ›ฝ่‹ฑ่ชž C1 ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใฎๅ‡บ็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
12:15
In the programme, there are so many verbs, including tons of phrasal verbs. But by
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ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใซใฏใ€ ๅคง้‡ใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅซใ‚€้žๅธธใซๅคšใใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
12:21
the end, my students have an enormous bank of vocabulary to draw from.
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ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซใฏใ€็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใฏ ่†จๅคงใช้‡ใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๆดป็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:27
You'll find super-advanced verbs like 'gazump' and 'to shell out'.
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ใ€Œgazumpใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œto shell outใ€ใชใฉใฎ่ถ…้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:32
If you'd like to learn more about it, or you'd like to sign up for it,
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่ฉณ็ดฐใซใคใ„ใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ‚ตใ‚คใƒณใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
12:36
click on the link in the description box.
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่ชฌๆ˜Žใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นๅ†…ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:38
Okay. Next lesson. This one is going to take your descriptive abilities to the next level!
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๆฌกใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸ ใฎๆๅ†™่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’ๆฌกใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซๅผ•ใไธŠใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใซใฏ
12:45
There are some really beautiful words in this video, and I know you're going
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็พŽใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚
12:49
to love them as much as I do. Here we go.
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็งใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใ่กŒใ“ใ†ใ€‚
12:52
Hello, lovely students, and welcome back to English with Lucy. I have a beautiful video
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็ด ๆ•ตใช็”Ÿๅพ’ใฎ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ ใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ็พŽใ—ใ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใ”็”จๆ„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
12:59
for you today. I have chosen 20 of my favourite adjectives. They are all really
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ใ€‚ ็งใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’20ๅ€‹้ธใณใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ้žๅธธใซ
13:06
advanced adjectives. I would place them at a C1 to C2 level. You're not going to hear
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้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใชใ‚‰ C1ใ‹ใ‚‰C2ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซ้…็ฝฎใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎ
13:11
them every single day on the streets of England, but you will see them in text,
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่ทฏไธŠใงๆฏŽๆ—ฅใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใ‚„ๆœฌใฎไธญใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็›ฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€้žๅธธใซไธŠๆ‰‹ใซ่ฉฑใ™ไบบใ€…ใŒ
13:17
books, and you will hear them used by very well spoken people.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
13:21
And if you want to become a well-spoken person, then consider learning them
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไธŠๆ‰‹ใซ่ฉฑใ›ใ‚‹ไบบใซใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐ ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅญฆใณ
13:26
and incorporating them into your speech.ย 
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ใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใซ็ต„ใฟ่พผใ‚€ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ย  ็งใฏ
13:28
I am a self-diagnosedย  logophile meaning I love words
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่จ€่‘‰ใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใง
13:33
and I love learning new, beautiful words. And I'm passing on that gift to you.
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ใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็พŽใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ€ใƒญใ‚ดใƒžใƒ‹ใ‚ขใ ใจ่‡ชๅทฑ่จบๆ–ญใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใใฎ่ดˆใ‚Š็‰ฉใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸใซๆธกใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:39
Let's get started with the lesson Number 1โ€”our first adjective
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ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ็•ชๅท 1 ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฏ
13:43
is 'ambivalent'. 'Ambivalent', and this means having or showing mixed
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ใ€Œambivalentใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒณใƒ“ใƒใƒฌใƒณใƒˆใ€ใจใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใพใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ ่ค‡้›‘ใชๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚„็Ÿ›็›พใ—ใŸ่€ƒใˆใ‚’ๆŒใคใ€ใพใŸใฏ็คบใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
13:50
feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone.
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ใ€‚
13:56
For exampleโ€”'I feel ambivalent about accepting the job offer because
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ
14:01
it pays well, but the work is not interesting.'
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็ตฆๆ–™ใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใŒใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใŒ้ข็™ฝใใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใฎใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่ฟทใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
14:04
Orโ€”'She has ambivalent feelings towards her ex-husband, both loving
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ๅ…ƒๅคซใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ€ๆ„›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๅŒๆ™‚ใซ
14:09
him and hating him.' Number 2 is 'capricious', 'capricious', and I find
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ๆ†Žใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไธก็พฉ็š„ใชๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ๆŠฑใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ€ 2็•ชใฏ ใ€Œๆฐ—ใพใใ‚Œใ€ใ€Œๆฐ—ใพใใ‚Œใ€ใงใ™ใŒใ€
14:15
this one particularly beautiful.ย  And if you are 'capricious',ย 
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็‰นใซ็พŽใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ€Œๆฐ—ใพใใ‚Œใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
14:19
you are given to sudden and unaccountable
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็ช็„ถใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žไธ่ƒฝใช
14:22
changes of mood or behaviour. 'His capricious behaviour made it difficult for his
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ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใ‚„่กŒๅ‹•ใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใซใ•ใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใฎๆฐ—ใพใใ‚Œใช ่กŒๅ‹•ใฎใŸใ‚ใ€
14:26
friends to keep up with his moods.' Orโ€”'The weather is capricious thisย 
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ๅ‹ไบบใŸใกใฏๅฝผใฎๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใซใคใ„ใฆใ„ใใฎใŒๅ›ฐ้›ฃใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๆœŸใฎๅคฉๆฐ—ใฏๆฐ—ใพใใ‚Œ
14:30
time of year, with sunny days followed by sudden rain showers.'
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ใงใ€ๆ™ดใ‚ŒใŸๆ—ฅ ใฎๅพŒใซ็ช็„ถ้›จใŒ้™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
14:35
Number 3. Great oneโ€”'derogatory, 'derogatory'. This means showing a critical or disrespectful
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3. ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™โ€”ใ€Œ่ปฝ่”‘็š„ใ€่ปฝ่”‘็š„ใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๆ‰นๅˆค็š„ใพใŸใฏๅคฑ็คผใชๆ…‹ๅบฆใ‚’็คบใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
14:45
attitude towards someone or something.
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ใ€‚
14:48
'His derogatory comments about women angered many people.' Orโ€”'The newspaper
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฎๅฅณๆ€งใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹่ปฝ่”‘็š„ใช็™บ่จ€ใฏ ๅคšใใฎไบบใ‚’ๆ€’ใ‚‰ใ›ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€Œๆ–ฐ่ž็คพใฏใ€
14:54
received complaints about a derogatory article they published about a minority group.'
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ๅฐ‘ๆ•ฐๆดพใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซใคใ„ใฆๆŽฒ่ผ‰ใ—ใŸ่ปฝ่”‘็š„ใช่จ˜ไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่‹ฆๆƒ…ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
14:59
Number 4โ€”not such a common one.ย  The very beautiful all the same.ย 
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4 ็•ช็›ฎใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใปใฉไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚็พŽใ—ใ„ใฎใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:04
And it's actually pronounced in two ways.
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ใใ—ใฆๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ2้€šใ‚Šใฎ็™บ้ŸณใŒใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
15:05
In British English, the most commonย 
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช
15:07
version is /หŒiหsษ™หˆterษชk/.ย  You will also hear people
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ใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฏ /หŒiหsษ™หˆterษชk/ ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:10
saying /หŒesษ™หˆterษชk/. The meaning of this one is particularly useful. It means intended for or
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/หŒesษ™หˆterษชk/ ใจใ„ใ†ๅฃฐใ‚‚่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏ ็‰นใซๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅฐ‚้–€็š„ใช้–ขๅฟƒใ‚„็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’ๆŒใคๅฐ‘ๆ•ฐใฎไบบใ€…ใฎใฟใ‚’ๅฏพ่ฑกใจใ—ใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชไบบใ€…ใฎใฟใซ
15:19
likely to be understood by only a small number of people with a specialised interest
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็†่งฃใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
15:25
or knowledge. So if something is 'esoteric',ย 
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ€Œ้›ฃ่งฃใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
15:27
it's likely to exclude people.ย  'The lecture on quantum
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ไบบใ€…ใ‚’ๆŽ’้™คใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้‡ๅญๅŠ›ๅญฆใฎ่ฌ›็พฉใฏ
15:31
mechanics was esoteric and difficult for most students to understand.'
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้›ฃ่งฃใงใ€ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใซใจใฃใฆ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅ›ฐ้›ฃใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
15:36
Orโ€”'The chef's recipes are esoteric and require knowledge of specific techniques
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ทใ‚งใƒ•ใฎใƒฌใ‚ทใƒ”ใฏ้›ฃ่งฃใง ใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๆŠ€่ก“ใ‚„ๆๆ–™ใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™
15:41
and ingredients.' Number 5, this one is common.ย 
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ใ€‚ใ€ 5็•ช็›ฎใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ย  ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น
15:44
You will hear this a lot inย  the UKโ€”'flippant', 'flippant'.
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ใงใฏใ€Œ ่ปฝ่–„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่ปฝ่–„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่žใใพใ™ใ€‚
15:49
This means not showing a serious or respectful attitude, and I like to rememberย 
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็œŸๅ‰ฃใพใŸใฏ ๆ•ฌๆ„ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใŸๆ…‹ๅบฆใ‚’็คบใ•ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚็งใฏใ€
15:54
this one by imagining a teenagerย 
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15:56
flipping their hair and notย  taking something seriously.
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้ซชใ‚’้€†็ซ‹ใฆใฆ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็œŸๅ‰ฃใซๅ—ใ‘ๆญขใ‚ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒณใ‚จใ‚คใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใ“ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
15:59
That being flippantโ€”'The politician's flippant comments about the pandemic angered
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ใใ‚Œใฏ่ปฝ่–„ใ โ€•โ€•ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ๆ”ฟๆฒปๅฎถใฎ่ปฝ่–„ใช ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใฏ
16:04
many people. Orโ€”Your flippant attitude towards your studies led to these poor grades.'
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ๅคšใใฎไบบใ€…ใ‚’ๆ€’ใ‚‰ใ›ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚โ€•โ€•ๅ‹‰ๅผทใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ปฝ่–„ใชๆ…‹ๅบฆใŒใ€ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ‚ชใ„ๆˆ็ธพใซใคใชใŒใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
16:10
Next, I think this one speaks for itself. It kind of shows its definition in the
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ™ในใฆใ‚’็‰ฉ่ชžใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
16:16
word 'grandiose'. This means impressive or magnificent in appearance or style,
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ใ€Œๅฃฎๅคงใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซใใฎๅฎš็พฉใŒ่กจใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ๅค–่ฆณใ‚„ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใŒๅฐ่ฑก็š„ใพใŸใฏๅฃฎๅคงใงใ‚ใ‚‹
16:23
but often lacking in substance. Something can look amazing but be impractical or
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ใŒใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไธญ่บซใŒๆฌ ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ฆ‹ใŸ็›ฎใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅฎŸ็”จ็š„ใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€
16:30
not fit for purpose. 'This building is grandiose, but impractical for all current needs.' Orโ€”'Your
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็›ฎ็š„ใซ้ฉใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ“ใฎๅปบ็‰ฉใฏๅฃฎๅคงใงใ™ใŒใ€ ็พๅœจใฎใƒ‹ใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ใ™ในใฆๆบ€ใŸใ™ใฎใฏ็พๅฎŸ็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎ
16:37
brother is always making these grandiose promises that he never follows through on.'
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ๅ…„ๅผŸใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅฃฎๅคงใช็ด„ๆŸใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๆฑบใ—ใฆๅฎŸ่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
16:43
Next, I love this one. It rollsย  off the tongue, 'histrionic',ย 
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ ่ˆŒใ‹ใ‚‰่ปขใŒใ‚Š่ฝใกใพใ™ใ€ใ€Œๆผ”ๆŠ€็š„ใ€ใ€
16:48
'histrionic'. This means overly theatrical
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ใ€Œๆผ”ๆŠ€็š„ใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆ€งๆ ผใ‚„ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใŒ้Žๅบฆใซๆผ”ๅŠ‡็š„
16:52
or melodramatic in character or style that comes off as insincere. 'Her histrionic reaction
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ใพใŸใฏใƒกใƒญใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒž็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ไธ่ช ๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๅฝผๅฅณใฎๆผ”ๆŠ€็š„ใชๅๅฟœใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€
17:00
to the news made her friends doubt her sincerity.' Orโ€”'Their histrionic
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅ‹ไบบใŸใกใฏ ๅฝผๅฅณใฎ่ช ๅฎŸใ•ใ‚’็–‘ใฃใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€Œ
17:05
speech around clean energy failed to persuade the audience at the climate
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ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒณ ใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๆผ”ๆŠ€็š„ใชใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใฏใ€ๆฐ—ๅ€™ๅค‰ๅ‹•้›†ไผšใฎ่ด่ก†ใ‚’่ชฌๅพ—ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
17:11
change rally.' Next, 'incongruous', 'incongruous'. This means strange and not suitable
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ใ€‚ใ€ ๆฌกใซใ€Œ้•ๅ’Œๆ„Ÿใ€ใ€Œ้•ๅ’Œๆ„Ÿใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใง
17:19
in a particular situation, and it doesn'tย 
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็‰นๅฎšใฎ็Šถๆณใซใตใ•ใ‚ใ—ใใชใใ€
17:21
keep with the surroundings or other aspects of something.
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็’ฐๅขƒใ‚„ ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎไป–ใฎๅด้ขใจไธ€่‡ดใ—ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:24
'The modern art sculpture looked incongruous in the historic town square.'
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ใ€Œ็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“ใฎๅฝซๅˆปใฏใ€ ๆญดๅฒ็š„ใช็”บใฎๅบƒๅ ดใซ้•ๅ’Œๆ„Ÿใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
17:29
Orโ€”'The professor's joke seemed incongruous with the seriousness
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€Œๆ•™ๆŽˆใฎๅ†—่ซ‡ใฏๅฝผใฎ่ฌ›็พฉใฎ ็œŸๅ‰ฃใ•ใจ้‡ฃใ‚Šๅˆใ‚ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ€ใˆใŸ
17:33
of his lecture.' Another beautiful one. I know they're all beautiful, but I really
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ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใค็พŽใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚ ใฉใ‚Œใ‚‚็พŽใ—ใ„ใฎใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏ
17:37
like this oneโ€”'juxtaposed', 'juxtaposed'. This means put together or put near each
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œไธฆในใฆใ€ใ€ใ€Œไธฆในใฆใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใ‚„ๆฏ”่ผƒใฎใŸใ‚ใซไธ€็ท’ใซ็ฝฎใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ€่ฟ‘ใใซ็ฝฎใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
17:43
other for contrast and comparison.
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ใ€‚
17:46
'The juxtaposed paintings showed the contrast between the bright
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ใ€Œไธฆในใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ็ตต็”ปใฏใ€
17:50
colours of one and the dark shades of the other.'
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ไธ€ๆ–นใฎๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„่‰ฒใจใ‚‚ใ† ไธ€ๆ–นใฎๆš—ใ„่‰ฒๅˆใ„ใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
17:53
'The gallery featured a series of juxtaposed images, creating a
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ใ€Œใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒฉใƒชใƒผใงใฏไธ€้€ฃ ใฎ็”ปๅƒใ‚’ไธฆในใฆๅฑ•็คบใ—ใ€
17:57
thought-provoking and dynamic
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็คบๅ”†ใซๅฏŒใ‚“ใ ใƒ€ใ‚คใƒŠใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใช
17:59
composition.' Next, 'laudable', 'laudable', and this means deserving praise
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ๆง‹ๆˆใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ๆฌกใซใ€Œ่ณž่ณ›ใซๅ€คใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งฐ่ณ›ใซๅ€คใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ณž่ณ›ใ‚„่ณž่ณ›ใซๅ€คใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™
18:05
and commendation. 'One of his less laudable characteristics, not worthy of praise,
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใฎ ็‰นๅพดใฎใฒใจใคใฏใ€็งฐ่ณ›ใซๅ€คใ—ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใฎใ€่ณž่ณ›ใซๅ€คใ—ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใฎไธ€ใคใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
18:12
was his dark sense of humour.' Orโ€”'Her decisions may be open
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ๅฝผใฎๆš—ใ„ใƒฆใƒผใƒขใ‚ขใฎใ‚ปใƒณใ‚นใ ใฃใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฎๆฑบๆ–ญใซใฏ่ญฐ่ซ–ใฎไฝ™ๅœฐใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„
18:16
to debate but her manner of speaking is laudable.' Next, 'mercurial',
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ใŒใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฎ ่ฉฑใ—ๆ–นใฏ็งฐ่ณ›ใซๅ€คใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ€ ๆฌกใซใ€Œๆฐด้Š€ใ€ใ€
18:22
'mercurial'. This means often changing in a way that is unexpected.
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ใ€Œๆฐด้Š€ใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ไบˆๆœŸใ›ใฌๅฝขใงๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:27
'The new series we're watching is entertaining, but the constant, mercurial
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใŒ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ทใƒชใƒผใ‚บใฏ ้ข็™ฝใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใƒˆใƒผใƒณใฎ็ตถใˆ้–“ใชใ„ๆฐ—ใพใใ‚Œใช
18:31
changes in tone are an emotional roller coaster.'
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ๅค‰ๅŒ–ใฏ ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใฎใ‚ธใ‚งใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
18:35
Orโ€”'The stock market is often described as mercurial with rapid
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€Œๆ ชๅผๅธ‚ๅ ดใฏไพกๅ€คใŒ ๆ€ฅ้€Ÿใซๅค‰ๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ๆฐ—ใพใใ‚Œใชๅธ‚ๅ ดใ ใจใ‚ˆใ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™
18:40
fluctuations in value.' Next, one I love, and I must point out the difference between
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ใ€‚ใ€ ๆฌกใซใ€็งใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใชใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใจใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใฎ ้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
18:46
British and American pronunciation.
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ใ€‚
18:49
'Nonchalant', /หˆnษ’nสƒษ™lษ™nt/, or in American English /หŒnษ‘nสƒษ™หˆlษ‘nt/.
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ใ€Œไฝ•ๆฐ—ใชใ„ใ€ใ€/หˆnษ’nสƒษ™lษ™nt/ใ€โ€‹โ€‹ใพใŸใฏ ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏ /หŒnษ‘nสƒษ™หˆlษ‘nt/ใ€‚
18:54
This means behaving in a calm or relaxed way and not giving the
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่ฝใก็€ใ„ใฆ ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใฆ่กŒๅ‹•ใ—ใ€
18:58
impression that you're worried.
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ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๅฐ่ฑกใ‚’ไธŽใˆใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:00
It's similar to 'flippant', but it's not as disrespectful unless used in the right context.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ่ปฝ่–„ใ€ใซไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ้ฉๅˆ‡ใชๆ–‡่„ˆใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„้™ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใปใฉๅคฑ็คผใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
19:06
'Taylor's mother was nonchalant about her daughter's recent rise to fame.'
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ใ€Œใƒ†ใ‚คใƒฉใƒผใฎๆฏ่ฆชใฏใ€ ๅจ˜ใŒๆœ€่ฟ‘ๆœ‰ๅใซใชใฃใŸใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆๅนณๆฐ—ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
19:11
Orโ€”'The students' nonchalant response to her failing grade showed a lack of
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฎ่ฝ็ฌฌ็‚นใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใฎไฝ•ๆฐ—ใชใ„ๅๅฟœใฏใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅฐ†ๆฅใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹้–ขๅฟƒ ใฎๆฌ ๅฆ‚ใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใŸ
19:16
concern for her future.'ย  Next, we have 'pernicious',ย 
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ใ€‚ใ€ ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œๆœ‰ๅฎณใ€ใ€
19:20
'pernicious'. This means having a harmful effect,
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ใ€Œๆœ‰ๅฎณใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
19:24
especially in a very gradual or subtle way.
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็‰นใซ้žๅธธใซๆฎต้šŽ็š„ใพใŸใฏๅพฎๅฆ™ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงๆœ‰ๅฎณใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:27
'The company's pernicious practices harmed the local environment.'
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ใ€ŒๅŒ็คพใฎๆ‚ช่ณชใช่กŒ็‚บใฏ ๅœฐๅŸŸใฎ็’ฐๅขƒใซๆ‚ชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅŠใผใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
19:32
Orโ€”'The pernicious effect of advertising to children is a problem that we can no
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€Œๅญไพ›ใŸใกใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๅบƒๅ‘Šใฎๆœ‰ๅฎณใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใฏใ‚„็„ก่ฆ– ใงใใชใ„ๅ•้กŒใงใ™
19:37
longer ignore.' Next, 'quixotic', 'quixotic'. It's like a mixture of 'quick' and 'exotic'.
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ใ€‚ใ€ ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œใ‚ญใƒ›ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ญใƒ›ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ฏใ‚คใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใจใ€Œใ‚จใ‚ญใ‚พใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
19:44
This means exceedingly idealistic, unrealistic and impractical.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€้žๅธธใซ็†ๆƒณไธป็พฉ็š„ใงใ€ ้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใง้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:49
'His quixotic dream of travelling the world with no money seemed impossible
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ใ€ŒใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใŸใšใซไธ–็•Œใ‚’ๆ—…ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๅฝผใฎใŠใ‹ใ—ใชๅคขใฏใ€้”ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ ไธๅฏ่ƒฝใซๆ€ใˆใพใ—ใŸ
19:54
to achieve.' Orโ€”'She ran a quixotic campaign against her rival.'
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ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒใƒซใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๅฅ‡ๆƒณๅคฉๅค–ใชใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒšใƒผใƒณใ‚’่กŒใฃใŸ ใ€‚ใ€
19:58
But came out ahead. Next, we have 'resplendent', 'resplendent'. This is often used with
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ‰ใซๅ‡บใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œ่ผใ‹ใ—ใ„ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œ่ผใ‹ใ—ใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
20:05
'with' or 'in'. It meansย  attractive and impressive.
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ใ€Œwithใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œinใ€ใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ ้ญ…ๅŠ›็š„ใงๅฐ่ฑก็š„ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:10
through being richly colourful.
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่ฑŠใ‹ใช่‰ฒๅฝฉใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆใ€‚
20:12
'The sunset over the ocean was resplendent with colours of orange and pink.'
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ใ€Œๆตทใซๆฒˆใ‚€ๅค•ๆ—ฅใฏ ใ‚ชใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใจใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฏใฎ่‰ฒใง่ผใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
20:18
Orโ€”'Resplendent in white and gold. She walked down the aisle on
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏโ€•โ€•ใ€Ž็™ฝใจ้‡‘ใง่ผใใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็ˆถ่ฆชใฎ่…•ใซๆŠฑใ‹ใ‚Œใฆ้€š่ทฏใ‚’ๆญฉใ„ใŸ
20:23
the arm of her father.' Do you see how we used it With both 'with' and 'in'.
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ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œwithใ€ใจใ€Œinใ€ใฎไธกๆ–นใงใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
20:27
Next, love this one. I know I say that for everyone, but I just genuinely
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ„›ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่ชฐใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใใ†่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€็งใฏ
20:32
love these wordsโ€”'subservient', 'subservient'. This means prepared to obey others
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ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ€ใ€Œๅพ“้ †ใ€ใ€Œๅพ“้ †ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅคงๅฅฝใใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็–‘ๅ•ใ‚’ๆŒใŸใšใซไป–ไบบใซๅพ“ใ†็”จๆ„ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
20:38
without question. Unquestioningly. It's often used in a negative way,ย 
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ใ€‚ ็–‘ใ„ใ‚‚ใชใใ€‚
20:43
because if someone is subservient,
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒๅพ“้ †ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
20:45
they are often easily exploited. For exampleโ€”'The assistant subservient
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็ฐกๅ˜ใซๆพๅ–ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚ทใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒณใƒˆใฎ
20:50
attitude towards her boss led to exploitation.'
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ไธŠๅธใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๅพ“้ †ใชๆ…‹ๅบฆใŒๆพๅ–ใซใคใชใŒใฃใŸใ€ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:54
Orโ€”'Gloria refused to give up her career and accept a traditional, subservient role.'
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฐใƒญใƒชใ‚ขใฏใ‚ญใƒฃใƒชใ‚ขใ‚’่ซฆใ‚ ใ€ไผ็ตฑ็š„ใงๅพ“้ †ใชๅฝนๅ‰ฒใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ‹’ๅฆใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
21:00
Next, we have 'supercilious', 'supercilious'. That one is so fun to say!
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œsuperciliousใ€ใ€ใ€Œsuperciliousใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ่จ€ใ†ใฎใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใงใ™๏ผ
21:05
If you're supercilious, you behave or look as though you think you are superior
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ๆจชๆŸ„ใชไบบใฏใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒไป–ใฎไบบใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆŒฏใ‚‹่ˆžใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€่ฆ‹ใŸ็›ฎใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™
21:10
to others. 'His supercilious demeanour towards his audience was met with
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ด่ก†ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๅฝผใฎ่ถ…่ถŠ็š„ใชๆ…‹ๅบฆใฏไธ่ฉ• ใ‚’่ฒทใฃใŸ
21:16
disapproval.' Orโ€”'Her writing often has a supercilious tone, which makes
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ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐ ่ถ…ๅธธ็š„ใช่ชฟๅญใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใใฎใ›ใ„
21:20
it hard to connect with.' 'Tenacious.' Do you remember the band 'Tenacious D'?
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ใงๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ็ฒ˜ใ‚Šๅผทใ„ใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒ†ใƒใ‚คใ‚ทใƒฃใ‚นDใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
21:26
They recognised it as a great word, and a great word it isโ€”'tenacious'.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ ใใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œ็ฒ˜ใ‚Šๅผทใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:30
This means keeping or tending to keep a firm hold of something, or not
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚ŠใจไฟๆŒใ—็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏไฟๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€
21:36
giving up easily, or being really determined. 'Her tenacious grip on the rope allowed
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็ฐกๅ˜ใซใ‚ใใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ€ใพใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆฑบๆ„ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒญใƒผใƒ—ใ‚’็ฒ˜ใ‚Šๅผทใๆกใฃใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€
21:41
her to climb the steep cliff. Orโ€”'Although he experienced many setbacks, he remained
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้™บใ—ใ„ๅด–ใ‚’็™ปใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ ๅคšใใฎๆŒซๆŠ˜ใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใŸใŒใ€
21:48
tenacious in his pursuit of becoming an MP.'
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ๅ›ฝไผš่ญฐๅ“กใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็›ฎๆŒ‡ใ—ใฆ็ฒ˜ใ‚ŠๅผทใๅŠชๅŠ›ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใŸใ€‚ใ€
21:51
Next, don't be fooled by the first letter 'u'. We pronounce it with the /j/ sound
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ€Œuใ€ใซ้จ™ใ•ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ /j/ ้Ÿณ
21:56
'ubiquitous', /juหหˆbษชkwษชtษ™s/. This means very common or found everywhere.
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ใ€Œใƒฆใƒ“ใ‚ญใ‚ฟใ‚นใ€ใ€/juหหˆbษชkwษชtษ™s/ ใง็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใฉใ“ใงใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:03
'Smartphones have become ubiquitous in modern society, or the company's logo
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ใ€Œ ็พไปฃ็คพไผšใงใฏใ‚นใƒžใƒผใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒณใŒๆ™ฎๅŠใ—ใ€่ก—
22:09
was ubiquitous on billboards throughout the city.' Very common. Now we have 'vicarious',
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ไธญใฎ็œ‹ๆฟใซไผš็คพใฎใƒญใ‚ดใŒๆ™ฎๅŠใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€ ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็พๅœจใ€ใ€Œไปฃ็†ใ€ใฏ
22:15
/vษชหˆkeษ™rษชษ™s/, although in American English they're more inclined to say /vaษชหˆkeษ™rษชษ™s/.
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/vษชหˆkeษ™rษชษ™s/ ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏ /vaษชหˆkeษ™rษชษ™s/ ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
22:20
British English /vษชหˆkeษ™rษชษ™s/.
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชž /vษชหˆkeษ™rษชษ™s/ใ€‚
22:22
This one we use in front of a noun, it means experienced in the imagination
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ๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใซไฝฟใ†ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไป–ไบบใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚„่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆ ๆƒณๅƒๅŠ›ใฎไธญใง็ตŒ้จ“ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
22:28
through the feelings or actions of another person. You'll often hear us sayingโ€”'I'm living
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆ็”Ÿใใฆใ„ใพใ™
22:34
vicariously through you.'โ€”I'm living through your experiences. 'He experienced a sense of
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ใ€‚ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆ็”Ÿใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
22:40
vicarious nostalgia when he listened to his parents' stories about their youth.'
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ไธก่ฆชใฎ่‹ฅใ„้ ƒใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใจใใ€ๅฝผใฏๆ‡ใ‹ใ—ใ•ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
22:45
He couldn't actually experience it. He had to experience it by imagining
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ๅฝผใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซไฝ“้จ“ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
22:49
what it would be like.
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
22:50
'Or watching action films allows people to experience vicarious
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ ไบบใ€…ใฏไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ
22:56
thrills and excitement'โ€”thrills
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ใ‚นใƒชใƒซใ‚„่ˆˆๅฅฎใ‚’ไฝ“้จ“ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
22:57
and excitement through other people. Right? That's it for today's lesson.ย 
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ไป–ใฎไบบใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆใ‚นใƒชใƒซใ‚„่ˆˆๅฅฎใ‚’ไฝ“้จ“ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏใ“ใ“ใพใงใงใ™ใ€‚ย  ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใง
23:01
I hope you enjoyed it. Iย  hope you learnt something.
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ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:05
Well, did you like the sound of one of my favourite words in that video?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ใใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎไธญใง็งใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฎ้Ÿฟใใฏๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
23:09
'Capricious', 'capricious'.ย  It's such an exquisite word!
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ใ€Œๆฐ—ใพใใ‚Œใ€ใ€Œๆฐ—ใพใใ‚Œใ€ใ€‚ ใชใ‚“ใจใ‚‚็ตถๅฆ™ใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใญ๏ผ
23:13
some of those adjectives were really advanced and they're guaranteed to
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฎไธญใซใฏ้žๅธธใซ ้ซ˜ๅบฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
23:18
help set you on the path towards achieving an advanced level in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงไธŠ็ดšใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซๅˆฐ้”ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ้“ใ‚’ๆญฉใ‚€ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ“ใจใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
23:23
A huge part of being at C1 is having theย 
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C1 ใงๅƒใใ“ใจใฎๅคงใใช้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏใ€
23:26
ability to produce clearย  and detailed descriptions.
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ๆ˜Ž็ขบ ใง่ฉณ็ดฐใช่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใงใใ‚‹่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅ‚™ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
23:31
So adjectives are crucial, but 20 adjectives aren't enough.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใŒใ€ 20 ๅ€‹ใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใฏๅๅˆ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไป–ใซ
23:36
You will need many more, and you can find them in my
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ใ‚‚ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ๅฟ…่ฆใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ็งใฎ
23:39
Beautiful British English C1 Programme.
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็พŽใ—ใ„่‹ฑๅ›ฝ่‹ฑ่ชž C1 ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใง่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
23:42
A lot of the words in there really are stunning
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ใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใฎๅคšใใฏใ€
23:44
like 'whimsical' and 'palpable'.
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ใ€Œๆฐ—ใพใใ‚Œใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œๆ˜Ž็™ฝใ€ใชใฉใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้ฉšใในใใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
23:47
They sound so nice.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚็ด ๆ•ตใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
23:49
If you're ready to take on the challenge of reaching a C1 level.
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C1 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซๅˆฐ้”ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ™ใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€‚
23:52
Come on over. Click the link or scan that QR code.
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ใ•ใ‚ใ€ๆฅใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใใฎ QR ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:56
But if you're thinking, I love those adjectives.
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ใงใ‚‚่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใ‚Œใฐใ€็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
23:59
But what about describing people?ย 
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไบบ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆๅ†™ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
24:02
Stay right there. Next, we're going to learn how to describe physical appearance
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ใใ“ใซใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€ไธŠ็ดš่‹ฑ่ชžใง ๅค–่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™
24:07
in advanced English.
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่ƒŒ
24:09
Say goodbye toโ€”'He is tall.'
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ใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใ€ใซๅˆฅใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ‘Šใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
24:12
And say hello toโ€”'He's a bit lanky.' Are you ready? Let's go.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใฒใ‚‡ใ‚ใฒใ‚‡ใ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจๆŒจๆ‹ถใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใ•ใ‚่กŒใ“ใ†ใ€‚
24:18
Hello, lovely students, and welcome back to English with Lucy.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็ด ๆ•ตใช็”Ÿๅพ’ใฎ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ ใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
24:22
In today's video, we're going to talk about appearance but we are going to go
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏ ๅค–่ฆ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€
24:27
way beyond the phrases that you learn when you first start studying English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ‹‰ๅผทใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใจใใซ็ฟ’ใ†ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ่ถ…ใˆใŸ่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:32
You knowโ€”'I have blonde hair and blue eyes.'
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ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใƒ–ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใฎ้ซชใจ้’ใ„็›ฎใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
24:35
Instead we're going to learn how to talk
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€
24:37
about appearance at a super-advanced level using C1 and even C2 level words
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C1ใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใฏ C2 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚„ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€่ถ…ไธŠ็ดšใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใงๅค–่ฆ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™
24:45
and phrases.
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ใ€‚
24:46
Basically, we're going to talk about
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€็งใŸใกใฏ
24:47
appearance on steroids, not literally.
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ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใงใฏใชใใ€ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒญใ‚คใƒ‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸๅค–่ฆณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:51
All right.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€‚
24:52
So let's talk about appearance.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏๅค–่ฆณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅนผๅฐ‘ๆœŸ
24:54
I'm going to talk to you about my journey with my appearance, starting from
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅใฉใฎ
24:59
childhood and then moving on to how I might look in the future.
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ่‡ณใ‚‹ใพใงใ€็งใฎๅค–่ฆ‹ใจใฎๆญฉใฟใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
25:04
Yikes! Let's start with childhood.ย 
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ใ‚„ใฃใŸใƒผ๏ผ ๅนผๅฐ‘ๆœŸใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
25:06
'I have nearly always had long hair, and my cascade of blonde hair made me look quite
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉๅธธใซ้•ทใ„้ซชใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๅนผใ„้ ƒใฏ ใƒ–ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใฎใ‚ซใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒผใƒ‰ใƒ˜ใ‚ขใŒใจใฆใ‚‚
25:13
angelic when I was little.
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ๅคฉไฝฟใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
25:15
But a quick chat with my parents would
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไธก่ฆชใจใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ่ฉฑใ‚’ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€
25:17
soon dispel that misconception.
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ใ™ใใซใใฎ่ชค่งฃใฏๆ‰•ๆ‹ญใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
25:19
My brother was adorable.
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ใŠๅ…„ใ•ใ‚“ใฏๅฏๆ„›ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚
25:21
(all children are cute).
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๏ผˆๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฏใฟใ‚“ใชใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™๏ผ‰ใ€‚
25:22
He had these gorgeous dimples that people
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ๅฝผใซใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใˆใใผใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
25:24
teased him about sometimes, but I always adored them.'
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ๆ™‚ใ€…ไบบใ€…ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅด‡ๆ‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
25:27
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
25:28
There are two words I want to pick out here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใŸใ„่จ€่‘‰ใŒ๏ผ’ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
25:30
Firstly, we have 'angelic', 'angelic', which means like an angel, 'angelic', angel-like.
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ใพใšใ€ใ€Œใ‚จใƒณใ‚ธใ‚งใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚จใƒณใ‚ธใ‚งใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใฏใ€ ๅคฉไฝฟใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ€ๅคฉไฝฟใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ€ๅคฉไฝฟใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
25:37
We can use it to describe appearance, but also personality, if you're beautiful or
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ๅค–่ฆ‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€็พŽใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ€ๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€่ฆชๅˆ‡ใ‹ใชใฉใฎๆ€งๆ ผใ‚’่กจใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™
25:42
if you're good or if you're kind.
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ใ€‚
25:44
'Ali had an angelic smile and no one could
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ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒชใฏๅคฉไฝฟใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็ฌ‘้ก”ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‚‚
25:47
stay angry with her for long.'
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ๅฝผๅฅณใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ้•ทใ„้–“ๆ€’ใ‚Š็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
25:48
The second word is 'dimple', 'dimple'.
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2็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€Œใˆใใผใ€ใ€ใ€Œใˆใใผใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
25:52
And this is such a cute word.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
25:53
A 'dimple' is a small crease or indentation
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ใ€Œใˆใใผใ€ใจใฏใ€ๅฃใฎๆจชใฎๅฐใ•ใชใ—ใ‚ใพใŸใฏใใผใฟใง
25:57
next to your mouth, normally here or on your chin.
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ใ€้€šๅธธใฏใ“ใ“ใพใŸใฏ ใ‚ใ”ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
26:00
Whenever she smiled, her dimples would appear making her look even more charming.
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็ฌ‘ใ†ใŸใณใซใˆใใผใŒ ๆตฎใ‹ใณไธŠใŒใ‚Šใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ้ญ…ๅŠ›็š„ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
26:05
Now let's move on to the teenage years.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅไปฃใฎๆ™‚ไปฃใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
26:07
'Like most people, my appearance was quite
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ใ€Œใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅฝ“ๆ™‚ใฎ็งใซใจใฃใฆๅค–่ฆ‹ใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ—ใŸ
26:09
important to me back then.
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ใ€‚ 13ๆญณใซใชใฃใŸ
26:11
One of the first things I did when I
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ใจใใซ็งใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฎ1ใคใฏใ€
26:13
turned 13 was grab a pair of tweezers and pluck my eyebrows into submission.
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ใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ใคใ‹ใ‚“ใง ็œ‰ๆฏ›ใ‚’ๅผ•ใๆŠœใ„ใฆๆœๅพ“ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
26:19
I regret it so much!
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅพŒๆ‚”ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™๏ผ
26:21
I also used to compare myself to my
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็งใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใๅ‹้”ใจ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ๆฏ”ในใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒ
26:23
friends a lot,
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ใ€ใใฎใจใใฎ
26:24
and one of the sticking points was my complexion.
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ใ“ใ ใ‚ใ‚ŠใฎใฒใจใคใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ้ก”่‰ฒใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
26:26
As you can see, I'm pretty paleโ€”ghostly, more likeโ€”and I used to be so jealous
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ใ”่ฆงใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€็งใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š้’็™ฝใใ€ๅนฝ้œŠใฎ ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใใ—ใฆ
26:31
of my friends who would come back after the summer
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ๅคไผ‘ใฟใฎๅพŒใซ็œŸใฃ้ป’ใซใชใฃใฆๆˆปใฃใฆใใ‚‹ๅ‹้”ใ‚’
26:34
holidays, totally sunkissed.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚็พจใพใ—ใๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
26:36
I've always been a bit, shall we say,
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็งใฏๅธธใซใ€
26:38
vertically challenged, which never really bothered me.
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ๅž‚็›ดๆ–นๅ‘ใซๅฐ‘ใ—่‹ฆๆ‰‹ๆ„่ญ˜ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ ็งใ‚’ๆ‚ฉใพใ›ใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
26:41
On the other hand, my husband, Will, was very lanky when he was a teenager, but
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ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ๅคซใฎใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒซใฏใ€ 10ไปฃใฎ้ ƒใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ใฒใ‚‡ใ‚ใฒใ‚‡ใ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
26:46
he's filled out now.'
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ไปŠใฏใ™ใฃใ‹ใ‚Šๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
26:47
Okay, a little bit more vocabulary then.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅข—ใ‚„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
26:49
This first one, 'tweezers'.
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ใพใšใฏใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใ€Œใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใ€‚
26:52
'Tweezers'.
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'ใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆ'ใ€‚
26:53
These are tiny tongs, the tool you use for grasping and removing small objects
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅฐใ•ใชใƒˆใƒณใ‚ฐใงใ€็ ด็‰‡ใ‚„้ซชใฎๆฏ›ใชใฉใฎ ๅฐใ•ใช็‰ฉไฝ“ใ‚’ใคใ‹ใ‚“ใงๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ„ใƒผใƒซใงใ™
26:59
such as splinters or hairs.
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ใ€‚
27:01
'Alex used tweezers to remove a thorn from
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ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใฏใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๆŒ‡ใฎใจใ’ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใใพใ—ใŸ
27:04
his finger.'
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ใ€‚ใ€
27:05
Next, the verb that goes with tweezers.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใซไผดใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
27:08
'To pluck'.
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ใ€Œๆ‘˜ใฟๅ–ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚
27:09
You can say 'to tweeze', but 'to pluck',
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ใ€Œใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œๆ‘˜ใ‚€ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏ
27:11
that's the verb I used.
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็งใŒไฝฟใฃใŸๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
27:13
This means to pull out hairs with
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€Œใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใพใŸใฏๆŒ‡ใงๆฏ›ใ‚’ๆŠœใใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
27:15
'tweezers' or your fingers.
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ใ€‚
27:17
We also 'pluck' a string when we play the violin.
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็งใŸใกใฏใƒใ‚คใ‚ชใƒชใƒณใ‚’ๆผ”ๅฅใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซๅผฆใ‚’ใ€Œใฏใ˜ใใ€ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
27:21
We strum a guitar, but we 'pluck' a single string on a harp too.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ฎใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’ใ‹ใ้ณดใ‚‰ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใƒใƒผใƒ—ใฎๅ˜ไธ€ใฎๅผฆใ‚’ใ€Œๅผพใใ€ใ“ใจ ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
27:26
An exampleโ€”'Jules plucked her eyebrows every week to maintain a neat appearance.'
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ไพ‹โ€”ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใƒซใ‚บใฏใ€ ใใกใ‚“ใจใ—ใŸๅค–่ฆ‹ใ‚’็ถญๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆฏŽ้€ฑ็œ‰ๆฏ›ใ‚’ๆŠœใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
27:31
Number 5.
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5.
27:32
I really like the way this word sounds.
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ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฎ้ŸฟใใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
27:34
'Complexion'.
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'้ก”่‰ฒ'ใ€‚
27:35
'Complexion'.
383
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'้ก”่‰ฒ'ใ€‚
27:36
And this is the natural colour, texture, and appearance of your skin, especially
384
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่‚Œใ€็‰นใซ้ก”ใฎ่‡ช็„ถใช่‰ฒใ€่ณชๆ„Ÿใ€ๅค–่ฆณใงใ™
27:42
your face.
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ใ€‚
27:43
An exampleโ€”'Lots of English people have
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ไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใฎๅคšใใฏ
27:45
quite a pale complexion and burn badly in the sun.'
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้ก”่‰ฒใŒ้žๅธธใซ้’็™ฝใใ€ๅคช้™ฝใซๅฝ“ใŸใ‚‹ใจใฒใฉใ็„ผใ‘ใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ€
27:49
Nextโ€”we have the fairly slang adjective, 'sun-kissed'.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œๅคช้™ฝใซ็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‹ใชใ‚Šไฟ—่ชž็š„ใชๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
27:54
'Sun-kissed'.
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ใ€Œๆ—ฅ็„ผใ‘ใ—ใŸใ€ใ€‚
27:55
This basically means tanned.
390
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซๆ—ฅ็„ผใ‘ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
27:57
I mean, kissed by the sun.
391
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅคช้™ฝใซใ‚ญใ‚นใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
28:00
When you're tanned, you have a browner
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ๆ—ฅ็„ผใ‘ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
28:02
skin colour because of the damage from the sun, from spending time in the sun.
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ๅคช้™ฝใฎไธ‹ใงๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ๅคช้™ฝใฎใƒ€ใƒกใƒผใ‚ธใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€่‚Œใฎ่‰ฒใŒ่Œถ่‰ฒใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
28:07
If you look sun-kissed, you might be more tanned.
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ๆ—ฅ็„ผใ‘ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆ—ฅ็„ผใ‘ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
28:11
You might have lighter hair.
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้ซชใŒๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใใชใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
28:13
You might have a little bit of red going on.
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ๅฐ‘ใ—่ตคใใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
28:15
It's generally seen as a positive adjective to describe someone with.
397
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธ€่ˆฌใซใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๆๅ†™ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆ่ฆ‹ใชใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
28:19
'Jane looked like a vision with her summer dress and sun-kissed skin.'
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ใ€Œใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒณใฏใ‚ตใƒžใƒผ ใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใจๅคช้™ฝใซ็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ่‚Œใงๅนปใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
28:23
Never in my wildest dreams will I ever be sun-kissed.
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ๅคช้™ฝใฎๅ…‰ใ‚’ๆตดใณใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๅคขใซใ‚‚ๆ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใ€‚
28:26
However, you can get a similar look from a bottle.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใƒœใƒˆใƒซใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใฎๅค–่ฆณใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
28:30
I do end up looking a bit tangoed though.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚ดใฃใฝใ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
28:33
There's a popular orange drink in the UK
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใงใฏใ€Œใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚ดใ€ใจใ„ใ†ไบบๆฐ—ใฎใ‚ชใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใƒ‰ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
28:35
called 'Tango'.
403
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ใ€‚
28:37
And there was an ad campaign where people
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒ
28:39
would turn orange and there was the sloganโ€”'you've been tangoed.'
405
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ใ‚ชใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธ่‰ฒใซใชใ‚‹ๅบƒๅ‘Šใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒšใƒผใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚ดใซใชใฃใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚นใƒญใƒผใ‚ฌใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
28:43
It became normal to sayโ€”'you've been tangoed'โ€”to anyone whose fake tan went a
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ๅฝใฎๆ—ฅ็„ผใ‘ใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚ชใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธ่‰ฒใซใชใ‚Šใ™ใŽใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚ดใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใŒๆ™ฎ้€šใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
28:48
bit too orange.
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ใ€‚
28:50
Sometimes if I apply fake tan and it's a
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ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ๅฝใฎๆ—ฅ็„ผใ‘ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจใใซใ€
28:53
bit too dark, I sayโ€”oh no, I look like I've been tangoed.
409
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆš—ใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œใ„ใ‚„ใ€ใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚ดใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
28:56
Number 7, this is a lovely phrase.
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7็•ชใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ•ตใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
28:58
It's quite a jokey one.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅ†—่ซ‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
29:01
You have to be careful who you use it with.
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่ชฐใจไฝฟใ†ใ‹ใซใฏๆณจๆ„ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
29:02
They could be sensitive.
413
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ•ๆ„Ÿใชใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
29:03
I'm fine with it.
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚
29:05
'Vertically challenged.'
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ใ€Œๅž‚็›ด็š„ใชๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ€‚ใ€
29:06
This is a funny way to refer to someone who is short and challenged in the
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่บซ้•ทใŒ ไฝŽใใ€ๅž‚็›ด็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ™้ข็™ฝใ„่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™
29:12
vertical sense.
417
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ใ€‚
29:13
'Ruth was only five foot tall and often
418
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ใ€Œใƒซใƒผใ‚นใฎ่บซ้•ทใฏใ‚ใšใ‹5ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒˆใงใ€
29:16
joked about being vertically challenged.'
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ๅž‚็›ดๆ–นๅ‘ใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ˆใๅ†—่ซ‡ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ็งใŒ
29:18
Notice how I said five foot tall.
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่บซ้•ท 5 ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒˆใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่บซ้•ทใŒ
29:20
You can also say five feet tall, but it's very common to sayโ€”'I'm six foot six.'
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5 ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒˆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ 6 ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒˆ 6 ใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใŒ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
29:25
'I'm five foot five.'
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ใ€Œ็งใฎ่บซ้•ทใฏ5ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒˆ5ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
29:26
The final word from that section is 'lanky'.
423
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€Œใฒใ‚‡ใ‚ใฒใ‚‡ใ‚ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
29:29
'Lanky', which means tall and thin in a slightly awkward way.
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ใ€ŒLankyใ€ใฏใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ใŽใ“ใกใชใ„ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ€่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใใฆ็—ฉใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
29:34
We often use it for teenagers.
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่‹ฅ่€…ๅ‘ใ‘ใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ใ€Œใฒใ‚‡ใ‚ใฒใ‚‡ใ‚ใ€ใจ
29:36
It's not necessarily a compliment to call
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ๅ‘ผใถใฎใฏๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚่ค’ใ‚่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
29:38
someone 'lanky'.
427
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ใ€‚
29:40
'As a teenager, Benji was lanky and had to
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ใ€Œ10ไปฃใฎ้ ƒใ€ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ธใƒผใฏใฒใ‚‡ใ‚ใฃใจใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€
29:42
grow into his long limbs.'
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้•ทใ„ๆ‰‹่ถณใซๆˆ้•ทใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
29:45
Okay, let's move forward to the present day.
430
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
29:47
'I'm 29 now, and my worries about my appearance have nearly faded.
431
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ็พๅœจ29ๆญณใงใ™ใŒใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅค–่ฆ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๆ‚ฉใฟใฏ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅคงๅˆ‡
29:52
I very much believe it's what's on the inside that counts.
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ใชใฎใฏๅ†…้ขใ ใจ็งใฏๅผทใไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ 1 ๆœˆใฎ
29:56
If you saw me walking my dog on a wet January morning, I don't think you'd
433
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้›จใฎๆœใ€็งใŒ็Šฌใฎๆ•ฃๆญฉใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ ็งใ ใจๆฐ—ใฅใ‹ใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
30:01
recognise me.
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30:01
I usually look fairly unkempt with
435
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ใ€‚
็งใฏๆ™ฎๆฎตใ€
30:04
windswept hair and scruffy clothes.
436
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้ขจใซใชใณใ„ใŸ้ซชใจใ ใ‚‰ใ—ใชใ„ๆœใงใ‹ใชใ‚Šใ ใ‚‰ใ—ใชใ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
30:06
Don't get me wrong,
437
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่ชค่งฃใ—ใชใ„ใงใปใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏ
30:07
I try to take care of myself, and I think I scrub up fairly well.
438
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่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใฎใ‚ฑใ‚ขใซๅŠชใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ใ‹ใชใ‚ŠไธŠๆ‰‹ใซใ‚ดใ‚ทใ‚ดใ‚ทๆด—ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
30:11
I like putting on make-up for filmingโ€”as you might seeโ€”I
439
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็งใฏๆ’ฎๅฝฑใฎใจใ
30:14
love makeupโ€”and
440
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ใ‚„
30:16
for special occasions.ย 
441
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็‰นๅˆฅใชๆ—ฅใฎใŸใ‚ใซใƒกใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ”่ฆงใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€็งใฏใƒกใ‚คใ‚ฏใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ย  ่ฆ‹ใŸ็›ฎ
30:17
One of the things I'm trying to work on appearance-wise is my posture.
442
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ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆ็งใŒๅฟƒใŒใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎไธ€ใคใฏ ๅงฟๅ‹ขใงใ™ใ€‚
30:22
I believe it can change how you feel and how other people perceive youโ€”shoulders
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ„Ÿใ˜ๆ–นใ‚„ใ€ ไป–ใฎไบบใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ช่ญ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจ็งใฏไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™โ€”่‚ฉใ‚’
30:26
back, Lucy. Okay, lots of good vocabulary in there.'
444
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่ฝใจใ—ใฆใ€ใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ“ใซใฏ่‰ฏใ„่ชžๅฝ™ใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
30:29
Let's look at number 9.
445
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9 ็•ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
30:30
'It's what's on the inside that counts.'
446
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ใ€Œ้‡่ฆใชใฎใฏๅ†…ๅดใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
30:33
'It's what's on the inside that counts.'
447
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ใ€Œ้‡่ฆใชใฎใฏๅ†…้ขใ ใ€‚ใ€
30:35
You can probably guess that this means
448
1835240
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่ฆ‹ใŸ็›ฎใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๆ€งๆ ผใ‚„ไพกๅ€ค่ฆณใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆŽจๆธฌใงใใพใ™
30:37
character and values are more important than looks.
449
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ใ€‚
30:40
An exampleโ€”'She believes that true beauty comes from kindness and compassion.'
450
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ไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็œŸใฎ็พŽใ—ใ•ใฏ ๅ„ชใ—ใ•ใจๆ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ‚Šใ‹ใ‚‰็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
30:45
It's what's on the inside that counts.
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้‡่ฆใชใฎใฏๅ†…ๅดใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
30:47
Next, number 10.
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ๆฌกใซ10็•ชใ€‚
30:48
And this word is interesting.
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ใใ—ใฆใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒ้ข็™ฝใ„ใ€‚
30:50
Lots native speakers actually get this
454
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ๅคšใใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’
30:52
confused with something else.
455
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ไป–ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจๆททๅŒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
30:53
It's the word 'unkempt', 'unkempt', not 'unkept'.
456
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ใ€Œใ ใ‚‰ใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€ใ€Œใ ใ‚‰ใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใ€Œใ ใ‚‰ใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
30:58
And I'll talk about that in a second.
457
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ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๅพŒใปใฉใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
31:00
We have a nice consonant cluster at the
458
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใฏ็ด ๆ•ตใชๅญ้Ÿณใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ€Œ
31:02
end thereโ€”'mpt'.
459
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mptใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
31:04
'Unkempt', 'unkempt'.
460
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ใ€Œใ ใ‚‰ใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใ€Œใ ใ‚‰ใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใ€‚
31:07
This means untidy or not properly cared for relating to appearance.
461
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅค–่ฆ‹ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆไนฑ้›‘ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€้ฉๅˆ‡ใซๆ‰‹ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
31:13
We also have 'unkept', which means not tidy or not cared for.
462
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ใพใŸใ€ๆ•ด็†ๆ•ด้ “ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ๆ‰‹ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎใ€Œunkeptใ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
31:18
We can use it to talk about appearance, but we normally use it for buildings,
463
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ๅค–่ฆณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซใ‚‚ไฝฟใˆใพใ™ ใŒใ€้€šๅธธใฏๅปบ็‰ฉใ€
31:23
cities, places.
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้ƒฝๅธ‚ใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
31:24
'Unkempt' with โ€˜mptโ€™ is normally about a
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ใ€Œmptใ€ใ‚’ไผดใ†ใ€Œใ ใ‚‰ใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใฏ้€šๅธธใ€
31:28
person's appearance.
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ไบบใฎๅค–่ฆ‹ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
31:30
'Tom's unkempt hair and wrinkled clothes
467
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ใ€Œใƒˆใƒ ใฎใƒœใ‚ตใƒœใ‚ตใฎ้ซชใจใ‚ทใƒฏใ ใ‚‰ใ‘ใฎๆœใฏใ€
31:33
made it look like he had just rolled out of bed.'
468
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ใพใ‚‹ใงใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰่ตทใไธŠใŒใฃใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€
31:35
Number 11 is 'windswept', 'windswept', which means looking like you've been in strong wind.
469
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11็•ชใฏใ€Œ้ขจใซใ•ใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้ขจใซใ•ใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š ๅผท้ขจใซใ•ใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆง˜ๅญใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
31:42
And we often use it to talk about hair.
470
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ใใ—ใฆใ€้ซชใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
31:44
An exampleโ€”'You look a bit windswept.
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ไพ‹โ€”ใ€Œๅฐ‘ใ—้ขจใซๅนใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
31:46
Have you been outside in the storm?'
472
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ๅตใฎไธญใ€ๅค–ใซๅ‡บใŸใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
31:48
Number 12.
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12.
31:49
I love this word 'scruffy', 'scruffy'.
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็งใฏใ“ใฎใ€Œใ ใ‚‰ใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใ€Œใ ใ‚‰ใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
31:52
And this means untidy or dirty in appearance.
475
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่ฆ‹ใŸ็›ฎใŒไนฑ้›‘ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏๆฑšใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
31:56
'When I walk my dog, I put on my scruffiest clothes as I know they're
476
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ใ€Œ็Šฌใฎๆ•ฃๆญฉใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ๆณฅใ ใ‚‰ใ‘ใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใŒ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใ ใ‚‰ใ—ใชใ„ๆœใ‚’็€ใพใ™
31:59
going to get muddy.'
477
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ใ€‚ใ€
32:00
Next, we have a lovely phrase 'to scrub up
478
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œ
32:03
well', 'to scrub up well'.
479
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ใ‚ˆใใ“ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ˆใใ“ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†็ด ๆ•ตใช่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
32:06
And this means to look nice when you make
480
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ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅŠชๅŠ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่ฆ‹ๆ „ใˆใŒ่‰ฏใใชใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™
32:08
an effort.
481
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ใ€‚
32:09
I grew up in a really rural area in
482
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็งใฏใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎ็”ฐ่ˆŽใง่‚ฒใก
32:12
England and most of my friends were farmers.
483
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ใ€ๅ‹ไบบใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใŒ่พฒๅฎถใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
32:14
So, 99% of the time they were in dirty
484
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€99๏ผ…ใฎ็ขบ็Ž‡ใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆฑšใ‚ŒใŸ
32:18
jeans, t-shirts and with 'windswept' hair.
485
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ใ‚ธใƒผใƒณใ‚บใจTใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใ‚’็€ใฆใ€ใ€Œ้ขจใซใ•ใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€้ซชใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
32:22
However, we loved a party.
486
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
32:24
And when we had a party, we would dress up to the nines.
487
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ใใ—ใฆใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ใฟใ‚“ใช ใง่ฏใ‚„ใ‹ใซใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
32:26
We would dress up in our most elegant clothes.
488
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็งใŸใกใฏๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚จใƒฌใ‚ฌใƒณใƒˆใชๆœใ‚’็€ใฆ็€้ฃพใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็ด ๆ•ตใชๆœใ‚’็€ใŸ็งใŸใกๅ…จๅ“กใŒไผšใฃใŸ
32:29
The most common phrase I would hear when
489
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ใจใใซ็งใŒ่žใๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฏ
32:31
we'd all see each other in our nice clothes isโ€”'Wow, you scrub up well, don't you?'
490
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ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ˆใๆฑšใ‚Œใ‚’่ฝใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใญ?ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
32:36
'You scrub up well.'
491
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ใ€Œใ‚ˆใใ“ใ™ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€
32:37
It means you look nice when you make an
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅŠชๅŠ›ใ—ใŸใจใ
32:38
effort, when you actually wear nice things.
493
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ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็€ใŸใจใใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ด ๆ•ตใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
32:40
An example of this useโ€”'Pete is usually
494
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ใ“ใฎไฝฟ็”จไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ใ€Œใƒ”ใƒผใƒˆใฏๆ™ฎๆฎตใฏ
32:43
in shorts and a t-shirt, but he scrubs up well on special occasions.'
495
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ใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใƒˆใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ„ใจ T ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใ‚’็€ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ็‰นๅˆฅใชๆ—ฅใซใฏใ‚ˆใไฝ“ใ‚’ๆ‹ญใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
32:47
And the final word from that section, 'posture', 'posture'.
496
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ใใ—ใฆใใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ€ ใ€Œๅงฟๅ‹ขใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅงฟๅ‹ขใ€ใ€‚
32:50
And this means the position you hold your body in, particularly your neck,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็ซ‹ใฃใŸใ‚ŠๅบงใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซไฝ“ใ‚’ไฟๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ไฝ็ฝฎ ใ€็‰นใซ้ฆ–ใ€
32:56
shoulders and back when standing or sitting.
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่‚ฉใ€่ƒŒไธญใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
32:59
'Grace used to be a dancer, so she has
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ใ€Œใ‚ฐใƒฌใƒผใ‚นใฏๅ…ƒใƒ€ใƒณใ‚ตใƒผใ ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€
33:01
wonderful posture.'
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ๅงฟๅ‹ขใŒ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€
33:02
Notice how I pronounce itโ€”'posture', 'posture'.
501
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ใ€Œๅงฟๅ‹ขใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅงฟๅ‹ขใ€ใจใ„ใ†็™บ้Ÿณใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
33:07
That's because a /t/ and a /j/ sound together, we make /tสƒ/, posture.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€/t/ ใจ /j/ ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใจใ€/tสƒ/ ใจใ„ใ†ๅงฟๅ‹ขใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
33:11
Same as 'Tuesday', 'tuna'.
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ใ€Œ็ซๆ›œๆ—ฅใ€ใ€Œใƒžใ‚ฐใƒญใ€ใจๅŒใ˜ใ€‚
33:13
Okay.
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33:13
The scariest part of this lesson, the future!
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆ€–ใ„ใฎใฏใ€ๆœชๆฅใงใ™ใ€‚
33:16
'Looking far into the future, I can
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ใ€Œ้ ใ„ๆœชๆฅใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€
33:19
clearly visualise myself and Will.
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่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใจใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒซใฎๅงฟใŒใฏใฃใใ‚Šใจๆ€ใ„ๆตฎใ‹ใณใพใ™ใ€‚
33:21
Will's salt-and-pepper will be popping
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ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒซใฎๅกฉใ‚ณใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆใŒใฏใ˜ใ‘ใฆ
33:23
and my hair will be all white!
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็งใฎ้ซชใฏ็œŸใฃ็™ฝใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผ
33:26
We'll have a lot more wrinkles, and there
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ใ—ใ‚ใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจๅข—ใˆใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ—ใ€
33:27
will be crow's feet around our eyes, but I plan to embrace them.
511
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็›ฎใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใซใฏ็›ฎๅฐปใฎใ—ใ‚ใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‘ใฉใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ ใ€‚
33:32
They'll tell the story of a lifetime of smiles and laughter
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไธ€็”Ÿใฎ็ฌ‘้ก”ใจ็ฌ‘ใ„ใฎ็‰ฉ่ชžใ‚’่ชžใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
33:35
and, yes, there will be frown lines from when our (future!) children do something naughty
513
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ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็ง ใŸใกใฎ๏ผˆๅฐ†ๆฅใฎ๏ผ๏ผ‰ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ„ใŸใšใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ—ใฆ
33:41
and stress us out.'
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็งใŸใกใซใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸใจใใฎ็œ‰ใ‚’ใฒใใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ปใƒชใƒ•ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
33:43
Finally, three words and phrases to pick
515
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใใฎใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰ 3 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใจใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’
33:45
out from that text.
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ใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
33:47
Firstly, 'salt-and-pepper', and I'm not
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ใพใšใ€Œๅกฉใ‚ณใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆใ€ใงใ™ใŒใ€
33:50
talking about seasoning.
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่ชฟๅ‘ณๆ–™ใฎ่ฉฑใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
33:52
We often use it to talk about hair that
519
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็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€
33:53
has two colours mixed together, one dark and one light, often white and black.
520
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ๆš—ใ„่‰ฒใจๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„่‰ฒใฎ 2 ใคใฎ่‰ฒใŒๆททใ–ใ‚ŠๅˆใฃใŸ้ซชใ€ ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆ็™ฝใจ้ป’ใฎ้ซชใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
33:59
You will sometimes hear people say it as 'pepper-and-salt' hair, but 'salt-and-pepper'
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ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ ้ซชใ‚’ใ€Œใ‚ณใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆใจๅกฉใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œๅกฉใจใ‚ณใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆใ€ใฏ
34:03
is that common order for us.
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็งใŸใกใซใจใฃใฆไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช้ †ๅบใงใ™ใ€‚
34:06
An exampleโ€”'Bill's salt-and-pepper beard
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ไพ‹โ€”ใ€Œใƒ“ใƒซใฎๅกฉ่ƒกๆค’ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใฒใ’ใฏใ€
34:08
gave him a distinguished appearance.'
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ๅฝผใซๅ‚‘ๅ‡บใ—ใŸๅค–่ฆณใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
34:11
Next, slightly lower level, but just in
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใŒไฝŽใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅฟตใฎใŸใ‚
34:13
case you need it, 'wrinkle', 'wrinkle'.
526
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ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ทใƒฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ทใƒฏใ€ใ€‚
34:16
This is a small line on the skin, often
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็šฎ่†šไธŠใฎๅฐใ•ใช็ทšใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆ
34:18
caused by ageing.
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ๅŠ ้ฝขใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
34:20
'There were fine wrinkles across his
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฎ้กใซใฏๅนดๆœˆใฎ็ตŒ้Žใ‚’็คบใ™็ดฐใ‹ใ„ใ—ใ‚ใŒใ‚ใฃใŸ
34:22
forehead that showed the passing years.'
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ใ€‚ใ€
34:24
And finally, we have 'crow's feet', 'crow's feet'.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒฉใ‚นใฎ่ถณ่ทกใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒฉใ‚นใฎ่ถณ่ทกใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
34:28
You know what a 'crow's foot', the bird's foot actually looks like?
532
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ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒฉใ‚นใฎ่ถณ่ทกใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š้ณฅใฎ ่ถณใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
34:32
Like, you know, a little triangle, like little prongs.
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ๅฐใ•ใชไธ‰่ง’ๅฝขใ€ๅฐใ•ใช็ช่ตทใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
34:35
We almost imagine that a crow has kicked us in the face and we have 'crow's feet' here.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ซใƒฉใ‚น ใซ้ก”ใ‚’่นดใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ€Œใ‚ซใƒฉใ‚นใฎ่ถณ่ทกใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
34:41
They're the small lines around the corners of your eyes caused by ageing,
535
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ๅŠ ้ฝขใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใงใใ‚‹็›ฎๅฐปใฎๅฐใ•ใชใ‚ทใƒฏใงใ™
34:45
but mostly caused by laughter and smiling.
536
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ใŒใ€ไธปใซ็ฌ‘ใ„ใ‚„็ฌ‘้ก”ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็”Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
34:48
Lots of people call them laughter lines.
537
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ใปใ†ใ‚Œใ„็ทšใจๅ‘ผใถไบบใ‚‚ๅคšใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
34:50
For exampleโ€”'Lucy's crow's feet were evidence of a life filled with laughter
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใฎ็›ฎๅฐปใฎใ—ใ‚ใฏใ€ ็ฌ‘ใ„ใจๅ–œใณใซๆบ€ใกใŸไบบ็”Ÿใฎ่จผๆ‹ ใงใ—ใŸ
34:55
and joy.'
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ใ€‚ใ€
34:56
That's what I hope anyway.
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ใจใซใ‹ใใใ†้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
34:57
All right, that is everything I have for this video about describing appearance at
541
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๅคšใ‹ใ‚Œๅฐ‘ใชใ‹ใ‚Œ C1 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซ ใงใฎๅค–่ฆณใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใซใคใ„ใฆ็งใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™ในใฆใงใ™
35:01
a more or less C1 level.
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ใ€‚
35:04
When you get to the higher levels, it's
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ใ„ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ€
35:05
hard to say exactly which word is at what level, but in general, that was fairly advanced.
544
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ใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใฉใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏๅ›ฐ้›ฃใงใ™ ใŒใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
35:11
Now I have some homework for you.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅฎฟ้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ
35:12
I would like you to describe your
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ใฎ
35:14
appearance, or if you don't want to describe yourself, the appearance of a
547
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ๅค–่ฆ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸ ่‡ช่บซใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
35:18
celebrity or person you adore.
548
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ๅด‡ๆ‹ใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ‰ๅไบบใ‚„ไบบใฎๅค–่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
35:20
Try to use some of this vocabulary if you
549
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ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ“ใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹ไฝฟ็”จใ—
35:22
can, and bring in other more advanced words and phrases.
550
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ใ€ไป–ใฎใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๅ˜่ชžใ‚„ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
35:26
I'll be looking at as many as I can.
551
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ใงใใ‚‹้™ใ‚ŠใŸใใ•ใ‚“่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
35:28
I'd also love to know if you've
552
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ใพใŸใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅค–่ฆ‹ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใช็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใงใ™
35:29
experienced a similarย  journey with your appearance.
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ใ€‚
35:33
How was that?
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ใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
35:34
How many of you out there can relate to looking a bit 'unkempt'
555
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35:38
in the mornings or evenings or any time of day?
556
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ๆœใงใ‚‚ ๅคœใงใ‚‚ใ€ไธ€ๆ—ฅใฎใฉใฎๆ™‚้–“ๅธฏใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€Œใ ใ‚‰ใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใงใใ‚‹ไบบใฏใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
35:42
So there were a lot of words to describeย 
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใใฎๅ‹•็”ปใซใฏๅค–่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
35:44
appearance in that video. But what about personality?ย 
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆ€งๆ ผใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
35:49
Because after all, it's what'sย  on the inside that counts.
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็ตๅฑ€ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ ้‡่ฆใชใฎใฏๅ†…ๅดใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒฉใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒผใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Ž
35:52
We go into great detail on theย  topic of describing character.ย 
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ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
35:57
In my C1 programme, you'll learn
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็งใฎ C1 ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใงใฏใ€ใ„ใค
35:59
when to describe someone as a 'wallflower' or whether 'inquisitive' is a positive
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่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ใ€Œๅฃใฎ่Šฑใ€ใจ่กจ็พใ™ในใ ใ‹ใ€ใ€Œๅฅฝๅฅ‡ๅฟƒๆ—บ็››ใ€ใŒ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใช
36:06
or negative characteristic.
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็‰นๅพดใชใฎใ‹ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช็‰นๅพดใชใฎใ‹ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚
36:08
You know the drill by now. The linksโ€”in the description box.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ใƒ‰ใƒชใƒซใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚ ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏ - ่ชฌๆ˜Žใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นๅ†…ใ€‚
36:11
If you do want to join.
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ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€‚
36:12
Okay. Next vocabulary lesson. In this lesson you're going to
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๆฌกใฏ่ชžๅฝ™ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€
36:16
learn 21 advanced phrases that you can use to talk
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36:20
about lifestyle and wellbeing, people and work. Are you ready?
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ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ•ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใจๅนธ็ฆใ€ ไบบใ€…ใจไป•ไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ 21 ใฎ้ซ˜ๅบฆใชใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
36:25
Hello, lovely students, and welcome back to English with Lucy. Today we are focusing
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็ด ๆ•ตใช็”Ÿๅพ’ใฎ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ ใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ
36:31
on an advanced level of English.
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ไธŠ็ดšใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚
36:34
This is an advanced
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏไธŠ็ดš
36:35
C1 level vocabulary lesson!
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C1 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’่กจใ™
36:39
We are going to deep dive into 21 advanced English words and
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21ใฎ้ซ˜ๅบฆใช่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ˜่ชžใจ
36:44
phrases that will signify. Elevate your level of proficiency in English.
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ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ๆทฑใๆŽ˜ใ‚Šไธ‹ใ’ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ็ฟ’็†Ÿๅบฆใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
36:49
The words and phrases are divided into three topics.
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ๅ˜่ชžใจใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฏ 3 ใคใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
36:52
We have lifestyle and wellbeing, people and work. And I'm going
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็งใŸใกใซใฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒ•ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใจๅนธ็ฆใ€ ไบบใ€…ใจไป•ไบ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
36:57
to give you a short quiz after each section to check if
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ๅ„ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎๅพŒใซใฏใ€ๅญฆใ‚“ใ ๅ†…ๅฎนใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ็Ÿญใ„ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใพใ™
37:01
you can remember what you've learned. Let's start with
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ใ€‚ ใพใšใฏ
37:05
lifestyle and wellbeing. Firstly, we have 'at face value'. 'At face value' means accepting
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ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ•ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใจๅฅๅบทใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใพใšใ€ ใ€Œ้ก้ข้€šใ‚Šใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้ก้ข้€šใ‚Šใ€ใจใฏใ€
37:12
something as it appears to be without questioning its true nature or its authenticity.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ ใใฎๆœฌ่ณชใ‚„ไฟกๆ†‘ๆ€งใ‚’็–‘ใ†ใ“ใจใชใใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒใพใพใซๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
37:18
For exampleโ€”'You shouldn't take everything you read about nutrition at face value.'
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ ๆ „้คŠใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ้ก้ข้€šใ‚Šใซๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
37:23
Always verify the information is from reliable sources. Next,
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ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒ ไฟก้ ผใงใใ‚‹ๆƒ…ๅ ฑๆบใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅธธใซ็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€
37:27
we have 'to have a crack at' something to have a crack at something.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใซไบ€่ฃ‚ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใ€Œไบ€่ฃ‚ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
37:31
This means to attempt or try something, often for the first time or with great
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆๅˆใ‚ใฆใ€ใพใŸใฏ้žๅธธใซ็†ฑๅฟƒใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฉฆใฟใŸใ‚Š่ฉฆใฟใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
37:37
enthusiasm. For exampleโ€”'Even though, she had never tried rock climbing before,
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ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฟใƒฉใ•ใ‚“ใฏ ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใƒญใƒƒใ‚ฏ ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒŸใƒณใ‚ฐใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€
37:43
Tara decided to have a crack at it during the team-building event.'
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ใƒใƒผใƒ ใƒ“ใƒซใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆไธญใซใใ‚ŒใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
37:47
We also have a lovely
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37:48
oneโ€”'to burn the midnight oil', 'to burn the midnight oil'. This meansย 
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ใ€Œ็œŸๅคœไธญใฎๆฒนใ‚’็‡ƒใ‚„ใ™ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œ็œŸๅคœไธญใฎๆฒนใ‚’็‡ƒใ‚„ใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†็ด ๆ•ตใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’
37:54
to study or work late into the night, often to complete
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ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€
37:58
a task or to prepare for something or meet a deadline, for example.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Š ใ€็ท ใ‚ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๅคœ้…ใใพใงๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใ‚Šไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
38:02
'With exams approaching, Sarah found herself burning the midnight oil
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ใ€Œ่ฉฆ้จ“ใŒ่ฟ‘ใฅใใซใคใ‚Œใ€ใ‚ตใƒฉใฏๅฟ…่ฆใช่ณ‡ๆ–™ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆใ‚ซใƒใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ ็œŸๅคœไธญใซๆฒนใ‚’็‡ƒใ‚„ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸ
38:07
to cover all the required material. We also have 'to strike a balance',
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใ‚’ใจใ‚‹ใ€
38:11
'to strike a balance'.
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ใ€Œใƒใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใ‚’ใจใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
38:13
This means to find a compromise or a middle ground. Another nice phrase
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅฆฅๅ”็‚นใพใŸใฏไธญ้–“็‚นใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
38:19
between two competing factors.
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็ซถๅˆใ™ใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎ่ฆ็ด ใฎ้–“ใฎใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใงใ™ใ€‚
38:21
For exampleโ€”'It's essential to strike a balance between work
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ
38:25
and leisure for a healthy lifestyle.'
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ๅฅๅบท็š„ใชใƒฉใ‚คใƒ•ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใฎใŸใ‚ใซใฏใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใจไฝ™ๆš‡ใฎใƒใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒไธๅฏๆฌ ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
38:27
Next, we have 'to let off steam', 'to let off steam'. This means to
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ๆฌกใซใ€Œ่’ธๆฐ—ใ‚’้€ƒใŒใ™ใ€ ใ€Œ่’ธๆฐ—ใ‚’้€ƒใŒใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
38:33
do or say something that helps you to release some
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38:36
anger or frustration that you feel.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ€’ใ‚Šใ‚„ใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่งฃๆ”พใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Š่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
38:39
'I was so furious that I had to go for a walk around the
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ใ€Œใ‚ใพใ‚Šใซใ‚‚ๆฟ€ๆ€’ใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€
38:42
block to let off steam'โ€”to release my anger.
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ๆ€’ใ‚Šใ‚’็™บๆ•ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใใฎใƒ–ใƒญใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใ‚’ๆ•ฃๆญฉใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
38:45
We also have to count one's blessings. This one's lovely. This means to make
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็งใŸใกใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็ฅ็ฆใ‚‚ๆ•ฐใˆใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ•ตใงใ™ใญใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไบบ็”Ÿใฎ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจ
38:50
an effort to be grateful for the good things in your life.
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ใซๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ๅŠชๅŠ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
38:53
'To count your blessings'. For exampleโ€”'When I'm feeling down,ย 
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ฅ็ฆใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒ่ฝใก่พผใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ
38:57
I try to remember to count my blessings
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ๆตใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆ
38:59
and be grateful for what I have.'
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ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
39:01
Sometimes we use it in a sarcastic or patronising way. If someone
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ๆ™‚ใซใฏ็šฎ่‚‰ ใ‚„ๆฉ็€ใ›ใŒใพใ—ใ„ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
39:05
is being ungrateful for what they have, we might
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ใ‚‚ใฎใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ
39:07
sayโ€”'Count your blessings.' There are people that are way
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ฅ็ฆใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
39:11
worse off than you are. The final one for our lifestyle and wellbeing
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใšใฃใจ่‹ฆใ—ใ„็Šถๆณใซใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ•ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใจใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒซใƒ“ใƒผใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐ
39:14
section is 'to bloom'. 'To bloom',
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ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ้ …็›ฎใฏใ€Œto bloomingใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ’ฒใใ€ใ€่Šฑใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆ
39:18
and you might know this word in connection with flowers. The flower opens,
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ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ่ŠฑใŒ้–‹ใใ€ใคใพใ‚Š
39:22
it 'blooms'. Such a nice word! 'Bloom', 'bloom'. When a person 'blooms',
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ใ€Œๅ’ฒใใ€ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚็ด ๆ•ตใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใญ๏ผ ใ€Œๅ’ฒใใ€ใ€Œๅ’ฒใใ€ใ€‚ ไบบใŒใ€Œ้–‹่Šฑใ€ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
39:28
they become healthy, happy and confident. We sometimes use it when talking about
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ๅฅๅบทใซใชใ‚Šใ€ๅนธใ›ใซใชใ‚Šใ€่‡ชไฟกใŒๆŒใฆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏๆˆ็†Ÿใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
39:33
maturity or they will use blossom as well, but it's a really positive phrase.
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ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ€Œ้–‹่Šฑใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใงใ™ใ€‚
39:39
'Karl bloomed during his six-week holiday in the countryside thanks to the fresh
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ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒผใƒซใฏ็”ฐ่ˆŽใงใฎ6้€ฑ้–“ใฎไผ‘ๆš‡ไธญใซใ€ ๆ–ฐ้ฎฎใช
39:44
air and healthy food.' Okay,ย  first break, first quiz.
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็ฉบๆฐ—ใจๅฅๅบท็š„ใช้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใฎใŠใ‹ใ’ใง้–‹่Šฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ•ใฆใ€ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒ
39:49
What can you remember from what I just taught you? Firstly, which
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ไปŠๆ•™ใˆใŸใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ›ใพใ™ใ‹? ใพใšใ€
39:53
word is missing from this sentence?
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใซ่ถณใ‚Šใชใ„ๅ˜่ชžใฏใฉใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹?
39:56
'I'm going to have _ a kayaking today.ย 
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ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ‚ซใƒคใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ่กŒใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
40:00
I'm nervous, but I'm sureย  it will be a lot of fun.'
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็ทŠๅผตใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใฃใจ ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
40:03
I'll give you five seconds.
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5็ง’ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
40:11
It's 'crack'. Well done. Okay.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œไบ€่ฃ‚ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
40:14
Nextโ€”If I'm really angry and I decide to go for a run to calm down,
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ๆฌกใซใ€็งใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ ่ฝใก็€ใใŸใ‚ใซ่ตฐใ‚Šใซ่กŒใ“ใ†ใจๆฑบใ‚ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€
40:20
what am I doing? Am I a) 'letting off steam' or b) 'letting out a scream'?
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็งใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ็งใฏ a) ใ€Œใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’็™บๆ•ฃใ€ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€ ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ b) ใ€Œๅซใณๅฃฐใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
40:33
It was a) 'letting off steam'.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ a) ใ€Œใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’็™บๆ•ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ“ใจใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
40:36
If you said letting out a scream, I think people would understand
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅซใณๅฃฐใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ ไบบใ€…ใฏ
40:38
you were releasing anger. Okay.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ€’ใ‚Šใ‚’่งฃๆ”พใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
40:40
And lastly, which of the words that I just taught you means to develop healthily and happily?
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ไปŠๆ•™ใˆใŸ่จ€่‘‰ใฎใ†ใกใ€ ๅฅๅบทใงๅนธใ›ใซๆˆ้•ทใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใฏใฉใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹?
40:48
Can you remember it?
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่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
40:54
It was 'bloom'. Well done if you got it right.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ่ฏใ€ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆญฃใ—ใใงใใ‚Œใฐใ†ใพใใ„ใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
40:57
Okay, let's move on to talking about people.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไบบใฎ่ฉฑใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
41:00
First oneโ€”'to stick one's neck out'. 'To stick one's neck out'.
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ไธ€ใค็›ฎใฏใ€Œ้ฆ–ใ‚’็ชใๅ‡บใ™ใ€ใ“ใจใ€‚ ใ€Œ้ฆ–ใ‚’็ชใๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใ€ใ€‚
41:05
This means to take a risk or to expose yourself to possible
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Š็™บ่จ€ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใƒชใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅ†’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€่ตทใ“ใ‚Š ๅพ—ใ‚‹ๆ‰นๅˆคใ‚„ๅฑ้™บใซ่บซใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
41:09
criticism or danger by doing or saying something.
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ใ€‚
41:12
For exampleโ€”'Despite the controversy surrounding the issue, Jane decided
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ ใ“ใฎๅ•้กŒใ‚’ใ‚ใใ‚‹่ซ–ไบ‰ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒณใฏ
41:17
to stick her neck out and support the new policy.'
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่บซใ‚’ๆŠ•ใ’ๅ‡บใ—ใฆ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆ”ฟ็ญ–ใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฑบใ‚ใŸใ€‚ใ€
41:20
Next, we have 'a knee jerk reaction', and 'a knee jerk reaction'.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œใƒ‹ใƒผใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใ‚ฏๅๅฟœใ€ ใจใ€Œใƒ‹ใƒผใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใ‚ฏๅๅฟœใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
41:25
Have you ever been to the doctor and they hit your knee
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ๅŒป่€…ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใจใใซใƒใƒณใƒžใƒผใง ่†ใ‚’ๆฎดใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใจใใ€
41:27
with a hammer and you just can't help but react?
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ๅๅฟœใ›ใšใซใฏใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†็ตŒ้จ“ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹?
41:30
It's your reflex, isn't it? Well, 'a knee jerk reaction' is an immediate
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅๅฐ„็ฅž็ตŒใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ€Œ็ช็„ถใฎๅๅฟœใ€ใจใฏใ€ๅคšใใฎ
41:34
automatic response to a situation, often without careful consideration
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ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใๆคœ่จŽใ—ใŸใ‚Š
41:39
or thought. For exampleโ€”'When we heard about the increase in crime rates,
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่€ƒใˆใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใชใใ€็Šถๆณใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๅณๅบงใซ่‡ชๅ‹•็š„ใซๅๅฟœใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ ็Šฏ็ฝช็Ž‡ใฎๅข—ๅŠ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่žใ„ใŸใจใใ€
41:43
our knee jerk reaction was to insist on more police patrols in the area.'
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็งใŸใกใฏๆ€ใ‚ใšๅๅฟœใ—ใฆใ€ ใใฎๅœฐๅŸŸใงใฎ่ญฆๅฏŸใฎใƒ‘ใƒˆใƒญใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๅข—ใ‚„ใ™ใ‚ˆใ†ไธปๅผตใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
41:47
That was just the immediate gut reaction. We also have 'to split hairs', and I do have
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ใใ‚Œใฏใพใ•ใซๅณๅบงใฎ็›ดๆ„Ÿ็š„ใชๅๅฟœใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œ้ซชใ‚’ๅˆ†ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใ‚‚
41:53
a few split hairs. Oh, I just love doing my hair. That's the problem. But if you 'split hairs',
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้ซชใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€้ซชใ‚’ๆ•ดใˆใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ•้กŒใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œ้ซชใ‚’ๅˆ†ใ‘ใŸใ€ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€
41:59
it doesn't mean you're styling your hair too much. It means you have a
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้ซชใ‚’ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐใ—ใ™ใŽใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
42:02
very annoying character trait. It means to argue or worry aboutย 
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้žๅธธใซ่ฟทๆƒ‘ใชๆ€งๆ ผ็‰นๆ€งใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€้‡่ฆใงใฏใชใ„้žๅธธใซๅฐใ•ใช่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚„็›ธ้•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ—ใŸใ‚Šๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
42:06
very small details or differences
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42:09
that are unimportant. For exampleโ€”'Sometimes I feel like my
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ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€
42:13
husband split hairs over insignificant matters and it leads
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ๅคซใŒ ๅ–ใ‚‹ใซ่ถณใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใงๅฏพ็ซ‹ใ—ใ€
42:17
to unnecessary arguments.' Another phrase with a relevant backstory is 'pecking order'.
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ไธๅฟ…่ฆใชๅฃ่ซ–ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹่ฃ่ฉฑใ‚’ๆŒใคใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฏใ€ใ€Œๅบๅˆ—ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
42:24
'pecking order'. This is social hierarchy in a group in which all individuals in that
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ใ€Œๅบๅˆ—ใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ๅ†…ใฎ็คพไผš็š„้šŽๅฑคใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ๅ†…ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎๅ€‹ไบบใŒใ€
42:29
group are aware of how important everyone is, the different levels of
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่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒใฉใ‚Œใปใฉ้‡่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€้‡่ฆใ•ใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
42:34
important. And I presume that this comes from chickens or birds.
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ้ถใ‹้ณฅใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
42:38
An exampleโ€”'There's a clear pecking order in their group of friends, with
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ไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ใ€Œ ๅ‹้”ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซใฏๆ˜Ž็ขบใชๅบๅˆ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
42:42
Sally being top of the pile.' I was never
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ใ‚ตใƒชใƒผใŒใใฎๆœ€ไธŠไฝใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ็งใฏๅญฆๆ กใงใฎใ€Œๅบๅˆ—ใ€ใฎใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใซ็ซ‹ใคใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
42:46
top of the 'pecking order' at school. I just didn't have it in me.
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ใ€‚ ใŸใ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไธญใซใใ‚ŒใŒใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
42:49
Now the next three words are adjectives used to describe
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ๆฌกใฎ 3 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏไบบใ‚’ ่กจใ™ใฎใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใง
42:52
people, and the first one is 'shrewd'. 'Shrewd'. And this describes someone
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ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€ŒๆŠœใ‘็›ฎใชใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒๆŠœใ‘็›ฎใชใ„ใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
42:58
who is good at understanding and making judgments about situations.
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็Šถๆณใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใ€ๅˆคๆ–ญใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅพ—ๆ„ใชไบบใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
43:02
They're often quite good at taking the emotion out.ย 
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใใฎใŒ้žๅธธใซไธŠๆ‰‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
43:05
A 'shrewd' person is able to make decisions that will give
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ใ€ŒๆŠœใ‘็›ฎใฎใชใ„ใ€ไบบใฏใ€
43:08
them an advantage. For exampleโ€”'Claire was a shrewd
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใซๆœ‰ๅˆฉใชๆฑบๆ–ญใ‚’ไธ‹ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚ขใฏๆŠœใ‘็›ฎใฎใชใ„
43:12
business person and she made several wise investment
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ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใƒžใƒณใงใ€ใพใ ่‹ฅใ„้ ƒใ€ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่ณขๆ˜ŽใชๆŠ•่ณ‡
43:15
decisions when she was still young.'
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ๆฑบๅฎšใ‚’ไธ‹ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
43:17
Next, number 13, we have 'obstinate', 'obstinate'. And notice how I pronounce
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ๆฌกใซ13็•ชใ€ใ€Œ้ ‘ๅ›บใ€ ใ€Œ้ ‘ๅ›บใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใฆ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
43:22
it with a schwa at the end.
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ใ€‚
43:24
/หˆษ’bstษชnษ™t/. Not 'obstinate'. This means refusing to change
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/หˆษ’bstษชnษ™t/ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้ ‘ๅ›บใ€ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใใ†ใ•ใ›ใ‚ˆใ†
43:28
your opinion or actions despite people trying to make you do so.
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ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚„่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ€
43:32
We could also say stubborn in a way. It's often used for children.
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้ ‘ๅ›บใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๅญไพ›ๅ‘ใ‘ใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
43:37
'Henry was a very obstinate teenager, and he consistently refused to admit
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ใ€Œใƒ˜ใƒณใƒชใƒผใฏใจใฆใ‚‚้ ‘ๅ›บใชใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒณใ‚จใ‚คใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใงใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒไฝ•ใ‹้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ ไธ€่ฒซใ—ใฆ่ชใ‚ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
43:42
that he might be wrong about something.
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ใ€‚
43:44
An extra little Lucy's note. Here.
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ใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใฎใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸใƒกใƒขใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
43:46
I've seen some students mixed up, 'obstinate' with another advanced adjective 'abstinent'.
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้ ‘ๅ›บใชใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใจใ€ๅˆฅใฎ้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œ็ฆๆฌฒ็š„ใชใ€ใ‚’ๆททๅŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅญฆ็”Ÿใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
43:53
'Abstinent'. It might be the combination of 't's' and 'n's', but 'abstinent'
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ใ€Œ็ฆๆฌฒใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œtใ€ใจใ€Œnใ€ใฎ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ€Œ็ฆๆฌฒใ€ใซใฏ
43:57
has an entirely different meaning. It means to refrain from indulging
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ใพใฃใŸใ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็‰นๅฎšใฎ่กŒ็‚บใ‚’ ๆŽงใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
44:02
in a particular behaviour. This is often relatedย 
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
44:05
to vices or bad habits. Youย  abstain from doing something.
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ๆ‚ชๅพณใ‚„ๆ‚ชใ„็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆŽงใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
44:09
Our final word in this topic isย 
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ใ“ใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏ
44:12
'placid'. 'Placid' with theย  's' sound, the soft sea.
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ใ€Œ็ฉใ‚„ใ‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œsใ€้Ÿณใฎใ€ŒPlacidใ€ใ€ๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใชๆตทใ€‚
44:16
We used 'placid' to describe someone who is very calm and isn't easily excited
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€ ้žๅธธใซ็ฉใ‚„ใ‹ใงใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่ˆˆๅฅฎใ—
44:21
or annoyed. 'Despite the hullabaloo around her,
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ใŸใ‚Šใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใชใ„ไบบใ‚’่กจใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€Œ็ฉใ‚„ใ‹ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ‘จๅ›ฒใฎๅคง้จ’ใŽใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€
44:24
Allie remained placid and continued with her work.'
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ใ‚ขใƒชใƒผใฏๅนณ้™ใ‚’ไฟใฃใฆ ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
44:29
It's quiz time! It's quiz time. Can you answer these three questions?
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™๏ผ ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ 3 ใคใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹?
44:33
I'm going to give you five seconds to answer each one. Firstly,
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ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ 5 ็ง’ใงใŠ็ญ”ใˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใšใ€
44:38
which word is missing?
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ใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒๆŠœใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
44:39
'My knee-_ reaction to hearing my son had been arrested wasย 
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ใ€ŒๆฏๅญใŒ้€ฎๆ•ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใจ่žใ„ใŸใจใใฎ็งใฎๅๅฟœใฏใ€
44:45
to be utterly livid.' 'Jar', 'jam', 'jet', or 'jerk'?
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ๅฎŒๅ…จใซๆฟ€ๆ€’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒฃใƒ ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ธใ‚งใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใ‚ฏใ€?
44:58
It's 'jerk'. Excellent job if you got that right. Number 2.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใ‚ฏใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃใ—ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใงใ™ ใ€‚ 2.
45:02
'Sometimes it's best to keep your
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ใ€Œ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๅค–ใซๅ‡บใ•ใšใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไธญใซ็ง˜ใ‚ใฆใŠใใ“ใจใŒๆœ€ๅ–„ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
45:04
opinions to yourself and not _ your _ out.' Is it? 'Stick your head',
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ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œ้ ญใ‚’็ชใๅ‡บใ™ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ
45:12
'stack your neck', 'stick your neck', or 'stuck your nose'? Have a think.
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้ฆ–ใ‚’็ชใๅ‡บใ™ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้ฆ–ใ‚’็ชใๅ‡บใ™ใ€ใ€ ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใ€Œ้ผปใ‚’็ชใๅ‡บใ™ใ€๏ผŸ ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
45:25
'Stick your neck out'. 'Don't stick your neck out' or they'll chop your head off. And the third one.
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ใ€Œ้ฆ–ใ‚’็ชใๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้ฆ–ใ‚’็ชใๅ‡บใ™ใชใ€ใใ†ใ— ใชใ„ใจ้ฆ–ใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Š่ฝใจใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ3ใค็›ฎใ€‚
45:31
Which words that I just taught youย 
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็งใŒไปŠๆ•™ใˆใŸๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€
45:33
are synonyms for theseย  words. 'Calm' and 'stubborn'.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎๅŒ็พฉ่ชžใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ†ท้™ใ€ใจใ€Œ้ ‘ๅ›บใ€ใ€‚
45:38
Which two words are synonyms?
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ๅŒ็พฉ่ชžใจใชใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใฉใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹?
45:45
'Placid'. 'Obstinate'. Bonus points if you've got the pronunciation right
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ใ€Œ็ฉใ‚„ใ‹ใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้ ‘ๅ›บใ€ใ€‚
45:50
of 'obstinate'. Okay, let's move on to our last section. It is work, and our first
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ใ€Œobstinateใ€ใฎๆญฃใ—ใ„็™บ้ŸณใŒใงใใ‚ŒใฐใƒœใƒผใƒŠใ‚นใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏไป•ไบ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็งใŸใกใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ
45:55
phrase is 'to pull someย  strings'. 'To pull some strings'.ย 
701
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ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฏใ€Œ ็ณธใ‚’ๅผ•ใใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œไฝ•ใ‹ใฎ็ณธใ‚’ๅผ•ใใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€‚
46:00
This means to use your influence or
702
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆœ›ใพใ—ใ„็ตๆžœใ‚’้”ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅฝฑ้ŸฟๅŠ›ใ‚„ใ‚ณใƒใ‚’็ง˜ๅฏ†่ฃใพใŸใฏ้žๅ…ฌๅผใซๅˆฉ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ
46:02
connections often secretly or unofficially, to achieve a desired outcome
703
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6600
46:09
'By pulling some strings, Tom was able to get his sister a prestigious position
704
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ใƒˆใƒ ใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹็ณธใ‚’ๅผ•ใใ“ใจใงใ€
46:14
at a London-based accounting firm.'
705
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2040
ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซๆœฌๆ‹ ใ‚’็ฝฎใไผš่จˆไบ‹ๅ‹™ๆ‰€ใงๅฆนใ‚’ๅ่ช‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅœฐไฝใซๅฐฑใ‹ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
46:16
The next one is 'to have a field day', 'to have a field day', which means
706
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ๆฌกใฏใ€Œ้‡Žๅค–ๆดปๅ‹•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œ้‡Žๅค–ๆดปๅ‹•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
46:21
to take advantage of a situation, typically for personal benefit,
707
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็Šถๆณใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€ ้€šๅธธใฏๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใชๅˆฉ็›ŠใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€
46:24
and often at the expense of others. For exampleโ€” 'When the news of the scandal broke,
708
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5600
ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆไป–ไบบใ‚’็Š ็‰ฒใซใ—ใฆๅˆฉ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ€Œใ‚นใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒ€ใƒซใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใŒๆตใ‚ŒใŸใจใใ€
46:30
tabloid journalists had a field day writing sensational stories'. Next,
709
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ใ‚ฟใƒ–ใƒญใ‚คใƒ‰็ด™ใฎใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒŠใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใŸใกใฏ ใ‚ปใƒณใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒŠใƒซใช่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใŸใ‚ใซไธ€ๆ—ฅใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ—ใŸใ€ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œ
46:35
we have 'to be privy to', 'to be privy'.
710
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็ง˜ๅฏ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
46:38
Note that pronunciation, not 'privy', /หˆprษชvi/. This means to have access to or
711
2798760
5640
็™บ้Ÿณใฏใ€Œprivyใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€/หˆprษชvi/ ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆฉŸๅฏ†ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใพใŸใฏๆฉŸๅฏ†ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
46:44
knowledge of secret or confidential information. 'The CEO's assistant is privy
712
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ใ€‚ ใ€ŒCEO ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ทใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒณใƒˆใฏ
46:50
to all the important decisions in the company.'
713
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็คพๅ†…ใฎ้‡่ฆใชๆฑบๅฎšใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
46:53
Another one, one I use quite a lot, is 'on the back burner', 'on the back burner'.
714
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5120
ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฏใ€็งใŒใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ†่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใ€Œon the back burnerใ€ใ€ใ€Œon the back burnerใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
46:58
If something is 'on the backย  burner', it's low priorityย 
715
2818760
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ€ŒๅพŒๅ›žใ—ใ€ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ„ชๅ…ˆๅบฆใŒไฝŽใ
47:02
and it's not being dealt with
716
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ใ€
47:04
at the present moment.
717
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็พๆ™‚็‚นใงใฏๅฏพๅ‡ฆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
47:05
'Let's put this project on the back burner and focus on more pressing matters.'
718
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ใ€Œใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฏๅพŒๅ›žใ—ใซใ—ใฆ ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจๅทฎใ—่ฟซใฃใŸๅ•้กŒใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
47:09
However, I'm really busy. I put lots of things 'on the back burner'.
719
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅคšใ ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ€ŒๅพŒๅ›žใ—ใ€ใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
47:12
Next, we have an adjective 'cushy', 'cushy'. I wonder if you can guess what it means.
720
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ€Œcushyใ€ใ€ใ€Œcushyใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ๆŽจๆธฌใงใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
47:19
It's very similar to another word 'cushion'. If something is 'cushy', it means it's very easy,
721
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ๅˆฅใฎๅ˜่ชžใ€Œใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ใจใ‚ˆใไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ€Œๅฟƒๅœฐใ‚ˆใ„ใ€ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ€
47:26
requiring little effort.
722
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉๅŠดๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ—ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
47:28
Comfortable. Sometimes people say 'cushdy' as well. This is slang,
723
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ๅฟซ้ฉใ€‚ ๆ™‚ใ€… ใ€Œใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚นใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฐใงใ™
47:33
but we use it in professional situations. 'Ellen got a cushy job that pays well
724
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ใŒใ€ๅฐ‚้–€็š„ใช็Šถๆณใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚จใƒฌใƒณใฏใ€็ตฆๆ–™ใŒ้ซ˜ใ่‡ช็”ฑใชๆ™‚้–“ใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆฐ—ๆฅฝใชไป•ไบ‹ใซๅฐฑใใพใ—ใŸ
47:38
but allows her lots of free time.'
725
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ใ€‚ใ€
47:40
Number 20 is a fantastic idiom! It is to 'get your foot in the door',ย 
726
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20ใจใ„ใ†ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใงใ™๏ผ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€Œใƒ‰ใ‚ขใซ่ถณใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใ€
47:45
'to get your foot in the door'. This means to enter a company
727
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ใ€Œใƒ‰ใ‚ขใซ่ถณใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
47:48
or organisation at a low level,
728
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47:50
with a chance of being promoted, or being more successful in the future.
729
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ๆ˜‡้€ฒ ใ‚„ๅฐ†ๆฅ็š„ใซใฏใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๆˆๅŠŸใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ไฝŽใ„ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎไผš็คพใ‚„็ต„็น”ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
47:54
'Lena got her foot in the door as an intern, but she worked he
730
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ใ€ŒใƒฌใƒŠใฏใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใจใ—ใฆๅ…ฅ็คพใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒ ใ€ใ‚ใšใ‹ๆ•ฐๅนด
47:58
way up to department head in just a few years.' And my final
731
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ใง้ƒจ้–€้•ทใพใงๆ˜‡้€ฒใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ—ใฆใ€
48:02
phrase for you is 'to go belly up', 'to go belly up'. And we use this
732
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ใ‚ใชใŸใธใฎ็งใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฏใ€ใ€Œ่…นใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใฆใ€ใ€ ใ€Œ่…นใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใฆใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’
48:06
to talk about companies, and it means to fail completely and to have to close.
733
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ไผš็คพใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅคฑๆ•—ใ—ใฆๅปƒๆฅญใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
48:11
'The business went belly up after just a year of trading.'
734
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ใ€Œไบ‹ๆฅญใฏ ใ‚ใšใ‹1ๅนดใฎๅ–ๅผ•ใงๆฝฐใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
48:15
'Okay. Oh, it's that time again. Quiz time. Which word is missing?
735
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'ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใพใŸใใฎๆ™‚ๆœŸใŒๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ ใ€‚ ใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒๆฌ ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
48:22
I managed to get my _ in the door at an amazing company
736
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็งใฏใ‚ญใƒฃใƒชใ‚ขใฎๆ—ฉใ„ๆฎต้šŽใงใชใ‚“ใจใ‹็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไผš็คพใซๅ…ฅ็คพใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
48:27
earlier in my career, and I've worked my way up to management level.'
737
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ใ€ ็ฎก็†่ทใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใพใงไธŠใ‚Š่ฉฐใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
48:31
'Head', 'foot', 'leg' or 'hand'?
738
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ใ€Œ้ ญใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่ถณใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่„šใ€ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใ€Œๆ‰‹ใ€?
48:39
'Foot', you 'get' your 'foot in the door'. Number 2, you know the Prime Minister,
739
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ใ€Œ่ถณใ€ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œใƒ‰ใ‚ขใซ่ถณใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚ ๏ผ’็•ชใ€็ท็†ใฏใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ™
48:44
right? Can you pull some _ and get me an interview with her?
740
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ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ _ ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ€ ๅฝผๅฅณใซใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹?
48:49
Is it 'strikes', 'strides',ย  'streams' or 'strings'?
741
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‰ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œใ‚นใƒˆใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚นใƒˆใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ใงใ™ใ‹?
49:00
That's right. We 'pull some strings'. And finally, if a job is very easy
742
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œ็ณธใ‚’ๅผ•ใใ€ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ไป•ไบ‹ใŒใจใฆใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใง
49:05
and doesn't require much effort, how can we describe it?
743
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ใ€ใใ‚ŒใปใฉๅŠดๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ—ใชใ„ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
49:15
'Cushy'. Or if you said 'cushdy', I'll let you have that one, too.
744
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ใ€Œใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ทใƒผใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œ ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
49:18
Okay, that's everything for me today. I really hope you
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™ในใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
49:21
enjoyed learning these 21 advanced words
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 21 ใฎ้ซ˜ๅบฆใช
49:23
and phrases in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚„ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
49:25
That was some amazing phrases in there that you can use in so many contexts.
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ใใ“ใซใฏใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–‡่„ˆใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
49:31
But as you know, 21 phrases aren't enough to get you
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ”ๅญ˜็ŸฅใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ไธŠ็ดšใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซ ๅˆฐ้”ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏ 21 ใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใงใฏๅๅˆ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
49:35
to an advanced level.
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ใ€‚
49:36
What can help you achieve that?
751
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’้”ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏไฝ•ใŒๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ‹?
49:38
You guessed it. The C1 Programme! It is jam packed with advanced
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ C1ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ๏ผ
49:44
phrases like 'a glutton for punishment' and 'to scare the living
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ใ€Œๆ‡ฒ็ฝฐใฎใŸใ‚ใฎ้ฃŸใ„ใ—ใ‚“ๅŠใ€ ใ‚„ใ€Œ
49:49
daylights out of' someone.
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ๆ—ฅไธญใฎๅ…‰ใ‚’ๆ€–ใŒใ‚‰ใ›ใฆ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่ฟฝใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใ€ใชใฉใฎ้ซ˜ๅบฆใชใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใŒ่ฉฐใ‚่พผใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
49:50
all of the information is in the link down below.ย 
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ใ™ในใฆใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใฏไปฅไธ‹ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
49:53
Right. We've finished the vocabulary section of this video. Now I've created a
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ๅณใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏ็ต‚ไบ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใŒใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใชใฎใ‹ใ‚’
49:58
challenge with 20 questions ranging from A1 to C1 level so you can check
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็ขบ่ชใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€A1 ใ‹ใ‚‰ C1 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใพใงใฎ 20 ๅ•ใฎใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
50:04
whereabouts you are in terms of your English level.
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ใ€‚
50:07
This is not a dedicated level test. It's a fun challenge for you to see
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‚็”จใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
50:12
how far you can get through the CFR levels.
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CFR ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใ‚’ใฉใ“ใพใงใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚ขใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏใ€ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใงใ™ใ€‚
50:16
Are you ready? Let's go.
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใ•ใ‚่กŒใ“ใ†ใ€‚
50:18
Hello, lovely students, and welcome back to English with Lucy.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็ด ๆ•ตใช็”Ÿๅพ’ใฎ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ ใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
50:21
Today, I have a challenge for you.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
50:24
I'm going to ask you 12 questionsโ€”4
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50:28
at A1 or A2 beginner level, 4 at B1, B2 intermediate level, and 4 at C1, C2
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A1 ใพใŸใฏ A2 ใฎๅˆ็ดšใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใง 4 ๅ•ใ€B1ใ€ B2 ไธญ็ดšใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใง 4 ๅ•ใ€C1ใ€C2
50:38
advanced level.
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ไธŠ็ดšใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใง 4 ๅ•ใฎ่จˆ 12 ๅ•ใ‚’่ณชๅ•ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
50:39
Answer as many questions as you can and
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๅคšใใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใฆใ€
50:42
see how far you can go.
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ใฉใ“ใพใงใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
50:44
After each question, I will explain the
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ๅ„่ณชๅ•ใฎๅพŒใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
50:46
answer meaning this video contains 12 mini-lessons.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใซใฏ 12 ใฎใƒŸใƒ‹ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
50:50
I'm going to give you five seconds to
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50:52
answer each question, but you will probably need more time, so use the pause button.
772
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ๅ„่ณชๅ•ใฎๅ›ž็ญ”ๆ™‚้–“ใฏ 5 ็ง’ใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใŠใใ‚‰ใใใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใฎๆ™‚้–“ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
50:57
Please keep count of your score and share it with me in the comments section when
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ใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใฆใ€็ต‚ใ‚ใฃ ใŸใ‚‰ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใง็งใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
51:02
you're finished.
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ใ€‚
51:03
Let's start with beginner-level questions.
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ๅˆ็ดšใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
51:06
Number 1, choose the correct option to fill in this gap.
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1 ็•ช็›ฎใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๅŸ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
51:12
'There aren't _ books on the table.'
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ใ€Œใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใฎไธŠใซ_ๆœฌใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
51:16
Is it A 'some' or B 'any'?
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Aใ€Œไธ€้ƒจใ€ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚Bใ€Œใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ‹?
51:21
I'll give you five seconds.
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5็ง’ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
51:27
The answer is 'any'.
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็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€Œใฉใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
51:31
'There aren't any books on the table.'
781
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ใ€Œใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใฎไธŠใซใฏๆœฌใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
51:34
We usually use 'any' in negative sentences
782
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็งใŸใกใฏ้€šๅธธใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใพใŸใฏไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ๅฆๅฎšๆ–‡ใงใ€Œanyใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
51:37
with plural or uncountable nouns.
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ใ€‚
51:40
Okay, let's do question 2.
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ใ•ใฆใ€่ณชๅ• 2 ใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
51:42
Fill in the gaps to create a question in the present simple tense.
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็ฉบๆฌ„ใ‚’ๅŸ‹ใ‚ใฆ็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
51:48
I want you to use the verbย  to like '_ he _ olives?'
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ใ€Œ_ he _ ใ‚ชใƒชใƒผใƒ–?ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใปใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
51:55
5 seconds.
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5็ง’ใ€‚
52:02
Okay, here's the answer.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็ญ”ใˆใงใ™ใ€‚
52:05
'Does he like olives?'
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ‚ชใƒชใƒผใƒ–ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Š
52:10
Did you get that?
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ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
52:11
To make yes/no questions in the present
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็พๅœจใฎใฏใ„/ใ„ใ„ใˆใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’็ฐกๅ˜ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ
52:14
simple, we often use 'do' or 'does'.
792
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ใ€ใ€Œdoใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œdoesใ€ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
52:18
We used 'does' here because the subject is
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€Œdoesใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใฎใฏใ€ไธป่ชžใŒ
52:22
he and the verb is in the base form 'like', not 'likes'.
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he ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅŽŸๅฝขใŒใ€Œ likesใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€Œlikeใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
52:27
All right, question number 3.
795
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ใฏใ„ใ€่ณชๅ•็•ชๅท 3ใ€‚่‹ฑ่ชžใจใƒ‰ใ‚คใƒ„่ชžใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใ‚„ใ™ใ„ๅ˜่ชž
52:31
Fill in the gap using the correct form of
796
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ใฎๆญฃใ—ใ„ๅฝขๅผใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ็ฉบ็™ฝใ‚’ๅŸ‹ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
52:33
the word easy to compare English to German.
797
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ใ€‚
52:38
Ready?
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆ๏ผŸ
52:40
'I think English is _ than German.'
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ใ€Œ่‹ฑ่ชžใฏใƒ‰ใ‚คใƒ„่ชžใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚_ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
52:44
5 seconds.
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5็ง’ใ€‚
52:50
Are you ready for the answer?
801
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็ญ”ใˆใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
52:51
I'm also checking your spelling.
802
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ใ‚นใƒšใƒซใ‚‚ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
52:55
'Easier.'
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'ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ฐกๅ˜ใซใ€‚'
52:56
Did you spell that right?
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ๆญฃใ—ใ็ถดใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
52:58
When a one or two-syllable adjective ends in a consonant plus 'y', we usually make
805
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1 ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใพใŸใฏ 2 ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใŒ ๅญ้Ÿณใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚น 'y' ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€้€šๅธธใ€
53:05
the comparative by removing the y and adding ier (I -E -R), easy, easier,
806
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y ใ‚’ๅ‰Š้™คใ—ใฆ ier (I -E -R) ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆๆฏ”่ผƒ็ดšใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ™ (ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€easyใ€easyใ€
53:13
pretty, prettier, for example.
807
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prettyใ€prettier)ใ€‚
53:16
Let's look at sentence four, and this is
808
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ๆ–‡ 4 ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
53:19
your last one at A1, A2 level.
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A1ใ€A2 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
53:23
Ready?
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640
53:23
Choose the correct option to fill in the gap.
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆ๏ผŸ
ใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๅŸ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
53:27
'Oh, no! He _ that mirror _. Watch out!'
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'ใชใ‚“ใฆใ“ใฃใŸ๏ผ ๅฝผใฏ_ใใฎ้ก_ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆ๏ผ'
53:31
Is it A 'will break', B 'is going to break' or C 'is breaking'?
813
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AใŒใ€ŒๅฃŠใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใฎใ‹ใ€BใŒใ€ŒๅฃŠใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใฎใ‹ใ€ ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚CใŒใ€ŒๅฃŠใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใฎใ‹๏ผŸ
53:40
5 seconds.
814
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5็ง’ใ€‚
53:46
Okay, ready for the answer?
815
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ใ•ใฆใ€็ญ”ใˆใฏๆบ–ๅ‚™ใงใใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
53:49
B 'is going to break'.
816
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Bใฏใ€ŒๅฃŠใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚
53:52
'Oh, no! He is going to break that mirror.'
817
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'ใชใ‚“ใฆใ“ใฃใŸ๏ผ ๅฝผใฏใใฎ้กใ‚’ๅ‰ฒใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ€
53:55
Watch out!
818
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ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆ๏ผ
53:56
We use 'to be going to' to make
819
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€็พๅœจ
53:58
predictions based on evidence we have now, often evidence that we can see.
820
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5960
ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹่จผๆ‹  ใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€็›ฎใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹่จผๆ‹ ใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆไบˆๆธฌใ‚’่กŒใ†ใŸใ‚ใซใ€Œ๏ฝžใ™ใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
54:04
So how did you do on that section?
821
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
54:06
Are you ready to move on toย  B1 and B2 level questions?
822
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B1 ใŠใ‚ˆใณ B2 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ้€ฒใ‚€ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
54:10
Let's start with question five.
823
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่ณชๅ• 5 ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
54:12
Find the mistake and correct it.
824
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้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆไฟฎๆญฃใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
54:15
'Have you ever been to Tokyo?
825
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2000
ใ€Œๆฑไบฌใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
54:17
Yes, I've been in 2019.'
826
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ใฏใ„ใ€2019ๅนดใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
54:20
I'll give you 5 seconds.
827
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5็ง’ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
54:26
Are you ready for me to reveal the answer?
828
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
54:28
The mistake was using 'I've been', which
829
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้–“้•ใ„ใฏใ€2019 ๅนดใซใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅ‚็…งใ‚’ไผดใ†็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ŒI've beenใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚็‰นๅฎš
54:32
is the present perfect simple tense with a specific time reference, in 2019.
830
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54:38
If you want to use a specific time reference, you should use the past simple.
831
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ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅ‚็…งใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
54:43
I went in 2019.
832
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2019 ๅนดใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๆ–‡ใ‹ใ‚‰
54:45
You could also remove the time reference
833
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ๆ™‚้–“ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹่จ€ๅŠใ‚’ๅ‰Š้™คใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
54:47
from the sentence.
834
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ใ€‚
54:48
'Have you ever been to Tokyo?
835
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ใ€Œๆฑไบฌใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
54:50
Yes, I've been.'
836
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ใฏใ„ใ€่กŒใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
54:51
It would be more natural to say, 'Yes, I
837
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ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใปใ†ใŒ่‡ช็„ถใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œ
54:53
have,' but 'Yes, I've been' is okay.
838
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ใฏใ„ใ€่กŒใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใงใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
54:56
Let's look at question 6.
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่ณชๅ• 6 ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
54:59
Choose the correct option to fill in the gap.
840
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ใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๅŸ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆญฃใ—ใ„้ธๆŠž่‚ขใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
55:02
'I finally got round to _ย  that film you recommended.'
841
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ใ€Œใคใ„ใซใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ‹งใ‚ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸ _ ใ‚ใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆณใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
55:08
Is it A 'watch', B 'watched' or C 'watching'?
842
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ใใ‚ŒใฏAใŒใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€BใŒใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚CใŒใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
55:14
5 seconds.
843
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5็ง’ใ€‚
55:20
The answer is C 'watching'.
844
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็ญ”ใˆใฏCใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
55:24
'To get round to' or 'to get around to' is
845
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ใ€Œto get around toใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œto get around toใ€ใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹
55:28
a phrasal verb meaning to find the time to do something.
846
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ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅพŒใซ
55:32
It can be followed by a gerund (an -ing verb), or a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase.
847
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉž (-ing ๅ‹•่ฉž)ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅ่ฉžใ€ไปฃๅ่ฉžใ€ใพใŸใฏๅ่ฉžๅฅใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
55:38
I've explained more about each of those things in the PDF.
848
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ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎๅ†…ๅฎนใซใคใ„ใฆใฏPDFใง่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
55:42
Let's move on to question 7.
849
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่ณชๅ• 7 ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
55:44
Which word forms the best collocation
850
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3760
55:48
with 'a reputation for something'?
851
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ใ€Œไฝ•ใ‹ใฎ่ฉ•ๅˆคใ€ใจๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใใ‚ณใƒญใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใฏใฉใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹?
55:51
'Colin has _ a reputation for being very
852
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ใ€Œใ‚ณใƒชใƒณใฏไบคๆธ‰ใซใŠใ„ใฆ้žๅธธใซ้ ‘ๅ›บใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่ฉ•ๅˆคใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
55:55
stubborn in negotiations.'
853
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ใ€‚ใ€
55:58
Is it A 'constructed', B 'gained' or C 'achieved'?
854
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Aใฏใ€Œๆง‹็ฏ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใ€Bใฏใ€Œๅพ—ใŸใ€ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚Cใฏใ€Œ้”ๆˆใ—ใŸใ€ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
56:05
I'll give you 6 seconds this time.
855
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ไปŠๅบฆใฏ6็ง’ใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
56:07
Just kidding, 5.
856
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ๅ†—่ซ‡ใฏใ•ใฆใŠใใ€5.
56:13
The answer is 'gained'โ€”B.
857
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็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€Œๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใงใ™ โ€” B.
56:18
'Colin has gained a reputation for being
858
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ใ€Œใ‚ณใƒชใƒณใฏไบคๆธ‰ใซใŠใ„ใฆ้žๅธธใซ้ ‘ๅ›บใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่ฉ•ๅˆคใ‚’ๅพ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
56:21
very stubborn in negotiations.'
859
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ใ€‚ใ€
56:23
'To gain a reputation for' something is a
860
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2560
ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎใ€Œ่ฉ•ๅˆคใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ€ใฏ
56:25
strong collocation.
861
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ๅผทๅŠ›ใชใ‚ณใƒญใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
56:27
We wouldn't usually sayโ€”'constructed' or
862
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็งใŸใกใฏ้€šๅธธใ€่ฉ•ๅˆคใ‚’ใ€Œ็ฏ‰ใ„ใŸใ€ใจใ‹
56:30
'achieved' a reputation.
863
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1800
ใ€Œ้”ๆˆใ—ใŸใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
56:32
Okay, are you ready for the final
864
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ใ•ใฆใ€
56:33
question in our B1, B2 section?
865
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B1ใ€B2 ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
56:37
Number 8, fill in the gaps to
866
3397240
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8 ็•ช็›ฎใ€็ฉบ็™ฝใ‚’ๅŸ‹ใ‚ใฆ
56:39
complete the sentence and use the verbs in brackets.
867
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ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฎŒๆˆใ•ใ›ใ€ๆ‹ฌๅผงๅ†…ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
56:43
'If the weather _ (be) better yesterday, we _ (eat) outdoors.
868
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ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ—ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฎๅคฉๆฐ—ใŒ่‰ฏใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ๅฑ‹ๅค–ใง้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
56:50
However, it was pouring, so we ate inside.'
869
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€ไธญใง้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
56:54
5 seconds for that one.
870
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ใ‚ใ‚Œใฏ5็ง’ใ€‚
57:00
Are you ready for the answer?
871
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็ญ”ใˆใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
57:03
'If the weather had been better yesterday,
872
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3320
ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฎๅคฉๆฐ—ใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจ่‰ฏใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€
57:06
we would have eaten outdoors.'
873
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ๅฑ‹ๅค–ใง้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใฎใซใ€‚ใ€
57:10
This is a third conditional sentence.
874
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
57:13
The structure is if plus past perfect comma would have plus past participle.
875
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ๆง‹้€ ใฏใ€if ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚น้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ† ใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใฏใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚น้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
57:20
We use the third conditional to imagine a different past.
876
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3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ ๅˆฅใฎ้ŽๅŽปใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
57:24
It's a hypothetical conditional because we can't change the past.
877
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้ŽๅŽปใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไปฎๅฎšใฎๆกไปถใงใ™ใ€‚
57:29
Okay, that's the end of our B1, B2 intermediate section, and remember that
878
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ใ•ใฆใ€B1ใ€B2 ใฎไธญ็ดšใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏใ“ใ‚Œใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚PDF
57:34
the PDF and interactive exercise pack will really help you to understand and
879
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ใจใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒฉใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆผ”็ฟ’ใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏใ€ๅญฆ็ฟ’ๅ†…ๅฎนใ‚’ ็†่งฃใ—ใฆ่จ˜ๆ†ถใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซ้žๅธธใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™
57:39
remember what you're learning.
880
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ใ€‚
57:42
Okay, now we're moving on to C1 and C2
881
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ C1 ใจ C2 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
57:47
level questions, and these questions are really challenging.
882
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฏ ้žๅธธใซ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
57:51
Please don't worry if you can't answer them, but do have a go because I'm going
883
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใใฆใ‚‚ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
57:54
to explain the answers, and there are more detailed explanations in the PDF.
884
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚’่งฃ่ชฌใ—ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ ่ฉณใ—ใ„่งฃ่ชฌใฏPDFใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ใœใฒๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
57:59
Even if you're not at this level yet, it's interesting to see what to aim for.
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ใพใ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซ้”ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ ไฝ•ใ‚’็›ฎๆŒ‡ใ™ในใใ‹ใฏ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซๆ™‚้–“ใŒ
58:04
Remember to pause the video if you need longer to think about your answer.
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ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใšใซใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
58:08
Let's start with number 9.
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9 ็•ชใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚3 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ™ในใฆ
58:09
Think of one word to fill in the blank in
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ใฎ็ฉบ็™ฝใ‚’ๅŸ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ 1 ใค่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
58:13
all three sentences and the word must be exactly the same.
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ใใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
58:19
Sentence oneโ€”'I was at a _ as to how to help'.
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ๆ–‡ 1โ€”ใ€Œใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใ‹่ฟทใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€‚
58:24
Two 'The _ of his mother hit Erik hard', and
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2 ไปถใฏใ€Œๆฏ่ฆชใฎ _ ใŒใ‚จใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใซๅคงใใชๆ‰“ๆ’ƒใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸใ€ใ€
58:29
three 'We made a _ during our first year in business'.
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3 ไปถใฏใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏๅ‰ตๆฅญ 1 ๅนด็›ฎใซ _ ใ‚’ไฝœใฃใŸ ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
58:35
5 seconds, but you may need longer.
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5 ็ง’ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ้•ทใใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
58:42
Ready for the answer?
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็ญ”ใˆใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
58:43
The word for all three sentences is loss.
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3 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ™ในใฆใซๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€Œๅ–ชๅคฑใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
58:49
'I was at a loss as to how to help', 'The
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ใ€Œใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใ„ใ„ใ‹้€”ๆ–นใซๆšฎใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ€ใ€Œ
58:52
loss of his mother hit Erik hard', and 'We made a loss during our first year in business'.
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ๆฏ่ฆชใ‚’ไบกใใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚จใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใซๅคงใใชๆ‰“ๆ’ƒใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸใ€ใ€Œ ๅ‰ตๆฅญ1ๅนด็›ฎใซใฏ่ตคๅญ—ใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ€ใ€‚
58:59
Explanation time.
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่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ ใ€‚
59:01
If you are 'at a loss', you don't know what
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ€Œ้€”ๆ–นใซๆšฎใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใชใ‚‰ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’
59:03
to do or say, that's the first sentence.
900
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ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใˆใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
59:07
In the second sentence, 'loss' means the
901
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใฎใ€Œๅ–ชๅคฑใ€ใฏ
59:10
death of a person.
902
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ไบบใฎๆญปใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
59:11
In the third sentence, 'loss' means the
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3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใฎใ€Œๆๅคฑใ€ใฏใ€
59:13
money a business lost, and it's the opposite of profit.
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ไผๆฅญใŒๅคฑใฃใŸใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€ ๅˆฉ็›Šใฎๅๅฏพใงใ™ใ€‚
59:18
All right, let's move on to the next one.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ๆฌกใธ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
59:20
This is a high level vocabulary question.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ซ˜ๅบฆใช่ชžๅฝ™ใฎๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚
59:23
Number 10, choose the correct option to fill in the gap.
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็•ชๅท 10ใ€ใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๅŸ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆญฃใ—ใ„้ธๆŠž่‚ขใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
59:27
'The singer had a wonderfully _ voice that was perfect for jazz.'
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ใ€ŒใใฎๆญŒๆ‰‹ใฏใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚บใซใดใฃใŸใ‚Šใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅฃฐใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€
59:34
Is it A 'gruff', B 'husky' or C 'hoarse'?
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Aใฏใ€Œ็„กๆ„›ๆƒณใ€ใ€Bใฏใ€Œใƒใ‚นใ‚ญใƒผใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏCใฏใ€Œใ—ใ‚ใŒใ‚Œใ€ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
59:40
5 seconds for you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใฎ5็ง’ใ€‚
59:47
The answer is B 'husky'.
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็ญ”ใˆใฏBใ€Œใƒใ‚นใ‚ญใƒผใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
59:51
'The singer had a wonderfully husky voice
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ใ€ŒใใฎๆญŒๆ‰‹ใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใใƒใ‚นใ‚ญใƒผใชๅฃฐใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€
59:55
that was perfect for jazz.'
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ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚บใซใดใฃใŸใ‚Šใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
59:57
Now, 'gruff', 'husky', andย  'hoarse' have similar meanings.
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็พๅœจใ€ใ€Œgruffใ€ใ€ใ€Œhuskyใ€ใ€ ใ€Œhoarseใ€ใฏๅŒๆง˜ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใกใพใ™ใ€‚
60:01
We can use them all to describe the sound of someone's voice.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใฎๅฃฐใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
60:06
However, 'gruff' usuallyย  has a negative connotation.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ€ŒไธๆฉŸๅซŒใ€ใซใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณๅˆใ„ใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
60:11
A 'gruff' voice is low, deepย  and sometimes unfriendly.
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ใ€ŒไธๆฉŸๅซŒใชใ€ๅฃฐใฏไฝŽใใ€ไฝŽใใ€ ๆ™‚ใซใฏ็„กๆ„›ๆƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
60:16
'Hoarse' also has a negative connotation.
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ใ€Œใ‹ใ™ใ‚Œๅฃฐใ€ใซใฏใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
60:19
If someone's voice is 'hoarse', it's rough
919
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่ชฐใ‹ใฎๅฃฐใŒใ€Œใ‹ใ™ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ–ใ‚‰ใ–ใ‚‰ใ—ใฆใ„
60:21
and unpleasant, often because someone has a sore throat.
920
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ใฆไธๅฟซใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ ๅ–‰ใ‚’็—›ใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅŽŸๅ› ใงใ™ใ€‚
60:26
A 'husky' voice is also low and rough, but it's often in an attractive way.
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ใ€Œใƒใ‚นใ‚ญใƒผใ€ใƒœใ‚คใ‚นใ‚‚ไฝŽใใฆ่’ใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆ้ญ…ๅŠ›็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎไธŠ็ดšใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ€
60:33
It's essential to know these nuances in meaning when you get to an advanced level
922
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใ‚นใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒไธๅฏๆฌ ใงใ™
60:38
in English.
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ใ€‚
60:39
Nuance is something we really focus on in
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60:42
my Beautiful British English C1 Programme.
925
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็งใฎ็พŽใ—ใ„่‹ฑๅ›ฝ่‹ฑ่ชž C1 ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใงใฏใ€ใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใ‚นใซ็‰นใซ้‡็‚นใ‚’็ฝฎใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
60:46
If you'd like to learn more about that,
926
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่ฉณ็ดฐใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€
60:47
visit englishwithlucy.com.
927
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englishwithlucy.com ใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
60:49
Okay, let's move on to question 11.
928
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ใ•ใฆใ€่ณชๅ• 11 ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
60:53
You might recognise this question type from English exams.
929
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎๅ•้กŒใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใงใ‚ˆใ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
60:57
Ready?
930
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆ๏ผŸ
60:58
Use the word 'brink' to fill in the gap and
931
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ใ€Œbrinkใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๅŸ‹ใ‚ใ€
61:01
make the second sentence mean the same as the first.
932
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใŒๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใจๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
61:06
Do not change the word brink.
933
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brinkใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใฏๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒƒใƒ—ใซใฏ
61:09
You can use between three and six words
934
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3 ๏ฝž 6 ๅ€‹ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™
61:13
in the gap.
935
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ใ€‚
61:15
Ready?
936
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920
61:15
First sentence 'Medical advances should soon produce a breakthrough in gene therapy'.
937
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆ๏ผŸ
ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€ŒๅŒปๅญฆใฎ้€ฒๆญฉใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ ้บไผๅญๆฒป็™‚ใซใ™ใใซ็”ปๆœŸ็š„ใช้€ฒๆญฉใŒใ‚‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€ใ€‚
61:24
Second sentence, this one's for you, 'The medical community is thought _ a
938
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๅ‘ใ‘ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€ใ€Œ ๅŒปๅญฆ็•Œใฏ
61:31
breakthrough in gene therapy'.
939
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้บไผๅญๆฒป็™‚ใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹็”ปๆœŸ็š„ใช้€ฒๆญฉใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
61:33
5 seconds, but I honestly think you'll
940
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5็ง’ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆญฃ็›ด
61:36
need longer.
941
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจ้•ทใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
61:42
Ready for the answer?
942
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็ญ”ใˆใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
61:44
'The medical community is thought to be on the brink of a breakthrough in gene therapy.'
943
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ใ€ŒๅŒปๅญฆ็•Œใฏ ้บไผๅญๆฒป็™‚ใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹็”ปๆœŸ็š„ใช้€ฒๆญฉใฎ็€ฌๆˆธ้š›ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Š
61:51
Did you get that?
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ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
61:52
If you did, well done, that's amazing!
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ†ใพใใ„ใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™๏ผ
61:55
If you are 'on the brink of something' - a new or different situation is about to begin.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ€Œไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๅฑๆฉŸใซ็€•ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใพใŸใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚‹็ŠถๆณใŒๅง‹ใพใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
62:01
It implies that something is going to happen or someone is going to do
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ
62:06
something in the very near future.
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่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆš—็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒๅŒปๅญฆ็•Œใฏใ“ใ†่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ไธ€ๆ–‡ใซ
62:08
There was also an impersonal passive
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ใ‚‚้žไบบ็งฐ็š„ใชๅ—ๅ‹•ๆง‹้€ ใŒใ‚ใฃใŸ
62:10
structure in that sentence 'The medical community is thought to be'.
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ใ€‚
62:16
Again, there is more about that in the PDF if you want to learn about it.
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่ฉณ็ดฐ ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€PDF ใ‚’ๅ‚็…งใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
62:20
Now, the final question, number 12, and then you can share your score with me.
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ใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ€12 ็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
62:25
Number 12, change the form of the highlighted word so that it fits in the gap.
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12 ็•ช็›ฎใฏใ€ ๅผท่ชฟ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅ˜่ชžใฎๅฝขๅผใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใฆใ€้š™้–“ใซๅŽใพใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
62:32
Ready?
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆ๏ผŸ
62:33
'The city was _ by large stone walls.'
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ใ€Œใใฎ่ก—ใฏๅคงใใช็Ÿณใฎๅฃใซๅ›ฒใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใƒใ‚ค
62:38
The highlighted word is 'circle'.
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ใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€Œcircleใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
62:40
I'll give you 5 seconds to think this through.
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5 ็ง’้–“่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
62:48
Okay, the answer is 'encircled'.
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ใฏใ„ใ€็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€Œไธธใงๅ›ฒใ‚“ใ ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
62:54
'The city was encircled by large stone walls.'
959
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ใ€Œ่ก—ใฏๅคงใใช็Ÿณใฎๅฃใงๅ›ฒใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
62:58
Did anyone get that?
960
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่ชฐใ‹ใใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
63:01
That question was all about word
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ใใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฏใ™ในใฆๅ˜่ชžใฎ
63:03
formation, something that, again, we cover in great detail in my Beautiful British
962
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ๅฝขๆˆใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ ็งใฎใ€Œ็พŽใ—ใ„ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น
63:08
English C1 Programme.
963
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่‹ฑ่ชž C1 ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ€ใง่ฉณใ—ใๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
63:10
In this case, we took the word 'circle' and
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œcircleใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใ€Œdใ€ใ‚’
63:13
made it into a past participle by adding 'd' and we added the prefix -E -N.
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่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใซใ— ใ€ๆŽฅ้ ญ่พž -E -N ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
63:20
'To encircle' means to surround completely.
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ใ€ŒๅŒ…ๅ›ฒใ€ใจใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅ–ใ‚Šๅ›ฒใ‚€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ††ใ‚’ๆใใ€ใจใฏใ€
63:23
We wouldn't say 'circled' because that
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63:25
means moving in a circle or drawing a circle around something.
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ๅ††ใฎไธญใ‚’็งปๅ‹•ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใซๅ††ใ‚’ๆใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œๅ††ใ‚’ๆใใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
63:30
And that was the last question, wasn't that a challenge?
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ‹ ? ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆˆ็ธพใŒ
63:35
I really want to know how you did so please do share your score or let me know
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ใฉใ†ใ ใฃใŸใ‹็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎใงใ€ ใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใง
63:40
which questions were easy or difficult for you in the comments.
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ใฉใฎๅ•้กŒใŒ็ฐกๅ˜ใ ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ€้›ฃใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
63:44
Sometimes, I find with my higher level students that they get the C1 and C2
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ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ไธŠ็ดšใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ C1 ใจ C2 ใฎๅ•้กŒใฏ่งฃใ‘ใฆ
63:49
questions, but then they make a mistake in an A2 question.
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ใ‚‚ใ€ A2 ใฎๅ•้กŒใง้–“้•ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
63:52
Okay. How did you do?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
63:53
Did you manage to answer the C1 level questions? They were pretty
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C1 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ‹ ? ใ‹ใชใ‚Š
63:58
challenging, so don't worry. If you didn't if you were able to answer quite a few
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ๆŒ‘ๆˆฆ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€
64:03
of the B1 and B2 questions correctly, you might actually be ready for my
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B1 ใจ B2 ใฎใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎๆ•ฐใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซๆญฃใ—ใ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚Œใฐใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ็งใฎ็พŽใ—ใ„ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชž C1 ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ‚’ๅ—่ฌ›ใ™ใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
64:08
Beautiful British English C1 Programme. That programme is designed to take
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใฏใ€
64:12
you from a B2 or upper-intermediate level of English to a C1 advanced level.
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B2 ใพใŸใฏไธญไธŠ็ดš ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‹ใ‚‰ C1 ใฎไธŠ็ดšใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซๅˆฐ้”ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จญ่จˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
64:19
If you're already at C1, don't dismiss this programme because
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ใ™ใงใซ C1 ใซๅˆฐ้”ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ‚’็„ก่ฆ–ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
64:23
we actually overshoot C1 and cover quite a few C2-level words,
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ C1 ใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใงใฏ ใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎๆ•ฐใฎ C2 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎๅ˜่ชžใ€ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ€ๆง‹้€ ใŒใ‚ซใƒใƒผใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
64:28
phrases and structures in the course.
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ใ€‚
64:30
We actually have a lot of English teachers participating in this
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใซใฏๅคšใใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๆ•™ๅธซใŒๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚
64:33
course, which makes the course community even more interesting
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ใ€
64:37
when we hear their opinionsย  and thoughts on things.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ ใ‚„่€ƒใˆใ‚’่žใใจใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚น ใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใฏใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
64:40
It's a fantastic way to consolidate what you've learnt in the past,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
64:44
especially if you're feeling a little bit rusty. I'm feeling rusty with my Spanish
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็‰นใซๅฐ‘ใ—้ฃฝใใฆใใŸใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใ€้ŽๅŽปใซๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฎš็€ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏไปŠใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณ่ชžใซใ‚ตใƒ“ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™
64:48
at the moment. I could really use something like this with Spanish.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณ่ชžใงใฏใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
64:52
My programme also focuses on teaching natural English, so you learn
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็งใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใฏ่‡ช็„ถใช่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚‚้‡็‚นใ‚’็ฝฎใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
64:56
lots of expressions that proficient speakers really use, not just textbook English.
990
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ๆ•™็ง‘ๆ›ธใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€็†Ÿ็ทดใ—ใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซไฝฟใ†่กจ็พใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
65:01
We don't like textbook English.
991
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็งใŸใกใฏๆ•™็ง‘ๆ›ธใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใŒ
65:03
I'm sure you can tell how proud I am of this course, how much I love this course.
992
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ใฉใ‚Œใปใฉ่ช‡ใ‚Šใซๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ใฉใ‚Œใปใฉๆ„›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใŠใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
65:08
It is my favourite. I'm not meant to have favourites, but this is
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็งใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŠใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
65:11
my favourite programme.
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็งใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎ็•ช็ต„ใงใ™ใ€‚
65:12
It really teaches the art of English. If you want to sign up for it,
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่Šธ่ก“ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒณใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
65:18
click on the link in the description box.
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่ชฌๆ˜Žใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นๅ†…ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
65:20
Scan the QR code. If you have any questions,
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QRใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ”่ณชๅ•ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
65:24
please email us on [email protected].
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[email protected] ใพใงใƒกใƒผใƒซใงใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ™ใใซๅฏพๅฟœใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™
65:28
We'll be right there with you!
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๏ผ
65:30
Okay, we're at the end of the video.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
65:32
If you're still here, you are one of my most 'tenacious' students.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใพใ ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใฎๆœ€ใ‚‚ ใ€Œ็ฒ˜ใ‚Šๅผทใ„ใ€็”Ÿๅพ’ใฎไธ€ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
65:37
In fact, I want to know who stuck it out. Leave me a comment that includes
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€่ชฐใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆญขใ‚ใŸใฎใ‹็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
65:42
the word 'tenacious' if you made it to the end.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใงใ‚„ใ‚Š้‚ใ’ใŸๆ–นใฏใ€ใ€Œ็ฒ˜ใ‚Šๅผทใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
65:45
I will see you in the next video. Bye!
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ๆฌกใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰๏ผ
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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