20 Essential English Phrases to talk about The Economy

124,404 views ใƒป 2023-06-10

English Speaking Success


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
- If you are an IELTS student
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- ๋‹น์‹ ์ด IELTS ํ•™์ƒ
00:02
and the word economy makes you nervous, relax,
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์ด๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๊ธด์žฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
00:07
this video is going to help you become a confident speaker
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์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
00:11
when talking about the economy.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
(pleasant music)
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(์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์Œ์•…)
00:26
Hello, this is Keith from the Keith Speaking Academy.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, Keith Speaking Academy์˜ Keith์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
So in this video I'm going to help you
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
00:31
become a confident speaker when talking about the economy.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. IELTS ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€์„ ์ž์‹  ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋ฉดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ• 
00:36
I'll go over some essential words that you need to know
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ํ•„์ˆ˜ ๋‹จ์–ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€
00:40
and then some really useful phrases
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์™€ ์ •๋ง ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:42
so that you can face the IELTS examiner with confidence.
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.
00:47
The great thing about this is it's gonna help you,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ข‹์€ ์ ์€
00:51
not only with your IELTS speaking,
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IELTS ์Šคํ”ผํ‚น๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
00:53
but also with your IELTS writing.
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IELTS ์ž‘๋ฌธ์—๋„ ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
The other great thing,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข‹์€ ์ ์€
00:57
(laughing)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:59
can I say that?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
01:01
Okay, the other great thing about this,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข‹์€ ์ ์€
01:03
is that even if you are not preparing for IELTS,
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IELTS๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
01:07
and you just want to improve
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01:09
your daily conversational English,
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์ผ์ƒ ์˜์–ด ํšŒํ™”๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„
01:12
this is gonna help you.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
Lovely, let's get stuck in.
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์‚ฌ๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด, ๊ฐ‡ํžˆ์ž.
01:22
So what is the economy?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:25
Before I define it, let me talk about English.
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์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์˜์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
When we talk about the 'economy',
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๊ฒฝ์ œ'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ
01:33
we always use the word THE, right?
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ํ•ญ์ƒ THE๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
Economy always has an article, right?
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์—๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ ?
01:40
'The economy'.
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'๊ฒฝ์ œ'.
01:41
What's more, 'the' becomes 'the', the economy
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๋˜ํ•œ 'the'๋Š” 'the'๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š”
01:46
because economy begins with a vowel sound.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
When a word begins with a vowel sound
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๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด
01:51
the becomes the, the economy.
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the๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
The apple, right?
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์‚ฌ๊ณผ ๋งž์ฃ ?
01:58
So definitions in very simple terms.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
The economy is the financial state of a country.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์žฌ์ • ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
It's how well we are doing organizing our money
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
02:12
and our resources, like people and things.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ˆ๊ณผ ์ž์›์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ์กฐ์งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
So basically, if there are plenty of shops
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ํŒŒ๋Š” ์ƒ์ ์ด ๋งŽ๊ณ 
02:19
making and selling things,
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02:21
and people have enough money to buy those things,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์‚ด ๋ˆ์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:24
the economy is doing well.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
That's it.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์•ผ.
02:28
That's all you need to know, really simple.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
Now, I know probably there are some economists
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์ž, ์•„๋งˆ๋„
02:34
watching this, economists, right?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
02:38
And thinking, oh, that's not quite right.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ
02:41
I'm making it simple to make it understandable.
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์‰ฝ๋„๋ก ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:45
Feel free, give us a comment,
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๋ถ€๋‹ด ์—†์ด ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ 
02:47
and give us the real description,
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02:49
or definition of the economy, right?
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์ œ ์„ค๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
02:51
So the noun, the economy is that.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ €๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
There's another noun, economics, economics.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ช…์‚ฌ, ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™, ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
So notice this change in stress, right?
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์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— โ€‹โ€‹์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
03:01
We've got economy is the financial state of the country
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์žฌ์ • ์ƒํƒœ์ด๊ณ 
03:08
and economics is the subject.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
At university you can study economics, right?
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๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ ?
03:16
It's the study of the economy, okay.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
Now, don't worry if this is still a little confusing.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ๋„ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
03:24
Actually, it reminds me,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค
03:27
in English when you don't understand something
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์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
03:29
or it's confusing,
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ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ๋•Œ
03:30
you can say, "It sounds Greek to me."
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"๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์–ด๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผœ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
Why is it Greek, and not French or Spanish?
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด๋‚˜ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์–ด์ธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:38
I don't know.
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๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
It sounds Greek to me.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์–ด๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
We also say, "Keith, you are talking Double Dutch."
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ "Keith, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ Double Dutch๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
Double Dutch.
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ํ†ต ์•Œ์•„๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ง.
03:47
Dutch is the language from Holland, right?
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๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์–ด๋Š” ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์—์„œ ์˜จ ์–ธ์–ด์ฃ ?
03:49
You are talking Double Dutch.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ Double Dutch๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
Don't worry, things will get clearer.
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๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
A tip, if you are taking the IELTS speaking test
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ํŒ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ IELTS ์Šคํ”ผํ‚น ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์น˜๋ฅด๊ณ 
03:57
and if you're not really confident about this topic,
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์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ •๋ง ์ž์‹ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋ถ„์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
04:01
but you will be at the end of the video,
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์˜์ƒ ๋์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณธ์ธ์ด
04:03
but if you are not you, you can show off your English a bit
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ฝ๋‚ด๊ณ 
04:06
and gain time by saying,
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04:09
"I'm not an expert on this, but I think."
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š”"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
Or even better, "This is not my field of expertise,
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๋˜๋Š” "์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด ์ „๋ฌธ ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:19
but I think."
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๋‚ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์—."
04:22
Or "Yeah, I have a limited understanding of economics,
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๋˜๋Š” "์˜ˆ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์ œํ•œ์ 
04:28
but I think."
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์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
04:30
Or "My grasp of economics is not great,
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๋˜๋Š” "๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚˜์˜ ์ดํ•ด๋ ฅ์€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
04:35
but I think."
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
04:38
Dadadadada, right?
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๋‹ค๋‹ค๋‹ค๋‹ค๋‹ค, ๋งž์ฃ ?
04:39
Lovely little phrases you can use.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ž‘์€ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ.
04:42
Great, let's move on
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ
04:43
and talk about good economies and bad economies.
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์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:52
Okay, so if the economy is going well, right,
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์ž, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:57
meaning it's in a good financial state,
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์žฌ์ • ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
we can use the present simple
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05:03
to describe the economy now, right?
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์ง€๊ธˆ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
05:06
We can say we have a robust economy.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŠผํŠผํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
Robust meaning strong, okay?
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Robust๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ , ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
05:13
You can describe what the economy is doing right now
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05:18
using the present continuous, okay.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
The economy is booming.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๋Š” ํ˜ธํ™ฉ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
Put the stress on the boom.
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๋ถ์— ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
05:25
The economy is booming.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๋Š” ํ˜ธํ™ฉ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
Booming meaning it's growing, getting bigger.
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Boom์€ ์ ์  ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:32
We can also describe a recent change in the economy
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ
05:36
using the present perfect.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
We could say, "There has been an upturn
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:42
in economic growth."
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.
05:45
Okay, there has been, present perfect.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
There has been an, we would say there's been an.
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์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
There's been an, there's been an upturn in economic growth.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ์ƒ์Šน์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
Can you say?
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๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
06:02
Nice, split it into two.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
There's been an upturn in economic growth.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
Lovely, very, very good.
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์‚ฌ๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ , ์•„์ฃผ, ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์•„์š”.
06:13
Okay, now on the other hand,
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ,
06:16
if the economy is going badly, again,
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋น ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
06:20
we can use the present simple to describe it now.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
We can say we have a stagnant economy.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •์ฒด๋œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
Stagnant just means stuck, right,
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์ •์ฒด๋ž€ ์ •์ฒด, ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ
06:31
or not moving.
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๋˜๋Š” ์›€์ง์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
Normally we use this for water, stagnant water,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌผ, ์ •์ฒด๋œ ๋ฌผ,
06:36
which is water that isn't moving,
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์›€์ง์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฌผ,
06:38
and often smells bad, like the water in a well or in a pond.
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์šฐ๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฐ๋ชป์˜ ๋ฌผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ข…์ข… ์•…์ทจ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
So here, idiomatically, we're describing the economy
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ด€์šฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€
06:47
that it's not going well, right?
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์ž˜ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
06:48
We have a stagnant economy.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •์ฒด๋œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
The shops aren't selling goods,
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์ƒ์ ์€ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ํŒ”์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
06:54
the people aren't buying, not good.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์‚ฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
You could also say the economy is really slow at the moment.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ๋Š๋ฆฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
So as well as being bad, it can be slow.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‚˜์  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
The economy is really slow at the moment.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋”๋””๋‹ค.
07:09
In addition, we can use the present continuous
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
07:12
to describe what is happening, right?
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:14
We could say we are heading for a recession.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์นจ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
07:19
To be heading for, or to head for,
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, ๋˜๋Š” ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
07:22
to go towards a recession is where the economy goes down,
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์นจ์ฒด๋˜๊ณ ,
07:28
nothing's working, prices are too expensive,
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์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ , ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น„์‹ธ๊ณ ,
07:31
nobody's got any money.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ˆ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
It's all doom and gloom, a recession.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํŒŒ๋ฉธ๊ณผ ์šฐ์šธ, ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
So we are heading for a recession.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
We can also use the present perfect to describe
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:44
that recent change.
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.
07:46
So we could say there has been a downturn
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ์นจ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
in economic growth, okay?
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07:55
Remember there has been an, there's been an,
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07:59
there's been an, there's been a downturn in economic growth.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ์นจ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
08:04
Two phrases, there's been an a downturn in economic growth.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์นจ์ฒด๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
Put it all together, repeat with me.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ชจ์•„์„œ ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
08:14
There's been a downturn in economic growth.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ํ•˜๋ฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
Now, we're cooking.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
Nice, very nice.
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์ข‹์•„ ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์•„.
08:24
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:30
Now, we're gonna look at some essential economic terms.
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์ด์ œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
'Terms' just means terminology, right, words.
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'์šฉ์–ด'๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด, ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
First of all, inflation, inflation.
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์šฐ์„  ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜, ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜.
08:43
Inflation is the increase in the price of goods
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์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์€ ์ƒํ’ˆ
08:48
and services.
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๊ณผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
Simple as that, right?
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ฃ ?
08:51
Normally, it's a percent, like 10%.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ 10%์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํผ์„ผํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
We talk about the rate of inflation,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด
08:58
is how fast or how much the prices are increasing.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
The rate of inflation.
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์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œจ.
09:07
I think now in England it's 10%.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” 10%๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
It's very, very high.
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๋งค์šฐ, ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
You can also say the inflation rate.
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์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œจ์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
The rate of blank or the inflation rate.
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๋ฐฑ์ง€ ๋น„์œจ ๋˜๋Š” ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋น„์œจ.
09:19
There are other rates as well.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”๊ธˆ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
We've got the unemployment rate.
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์‹ค์—…๋ฅ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
Unemployment, employment is having a job,
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์‹ค์—…, ์ทจ์—…์€ ์ง์—…์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
09:28
'un-' is 'not', so not having a job.
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'un-'์€ '์•„๋‹ˆ'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ง์—…์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
So it's how many people don't have a job,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง์—…์ด ์—†๊ณ ,
09:35
how many people are out of work?
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:38
Nice, collocation, out of work.
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์ข‹์€, ๋ฐฐ์น˜, ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ.
09:41
So the unemployment rate again is often a percentage.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹ค์—…๋ฅ ์€ ์ข…์ข… ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
In some countries the unemployment rate is 30%
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„ ์‹ค์—…๋ฅ ์ด 30%์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:51
amongst young people.
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.
09:53
So I think the unemployment rate is the number of people
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹ค์—…๋ฅ ์€ ์ง์—…์ด ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ
09:55
without a job divided by the number of people
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10:00
in the working population.
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๋…ธ๋™ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
Working population or labor force.
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๋…ธ๋™ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ.
10:07
The labor force, that's people available to work.
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๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ, ์ฆ‰ ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
Good collocations, make a note of these, right?
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์ข‹์€ ์ฝ”๋””๋“ค, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ €๊ฒƒ ๋ฉ”๋ชจํ•ด๋‘์‹œ์ฃ ?
10:15
There are other rates.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”๊ธˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
There's the interest rate,
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์ด์ž์œจ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—
10:20
which is how interested you are in this video.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:24
No, of course not, I'm pulling your leg.
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์•„๋‹ˆ, ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜์ง€, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋„ค ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹น๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด.
10:27
The interest rate is nothing to do
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์ด์ž์œจ์€
10:29
with how interested you are.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์™€๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ถœ๊ธˆ์„ ์€ํ–‰์—
10:31
It's how much money you have to pay back
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๊ฐš์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์•ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:34
to the bank on your loan.
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.
10:38
So a loan is money that you borrow from the bank,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋Œ€์ถœ์€ ์€ํ–‰์—์„œ ๋นŒ๋ฆฐ ๋ˆ์ด๋ฉฐ
10:42
and, of course, when you give it back to the bank,
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, ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์€ํ–‰์— ๋Œ๋ ค์ค„ ๋•Œ
10:44
you have to give them more.
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๋” ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
I know, right?
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์•Œ์•„, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€?
10:47
What's that all about?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค ๋ญ์•ผ?
10:48
Banks making money.
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๋ˆ ๋ฒ„๋Š” ์€ํ–‰.
10:50
That's the interest rate,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด์ž์œจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
is how much more money you have to give them back.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ๋ ค์ค˜์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
So the interest rate has been rising, right,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
10:59
over recent years in, at least in Europe and the USA.
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์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ ์–ด๋„ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
And another very, very useful acronym is GDP,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•ฝ์–ด๋Š” GDP๋กœ
11:10
stands for gross domestic product.
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๊ตญ๋‚ด์ด์ƒ์‚ฐ(GDP)์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
So an acronym is where you take the first letter
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‘๋ฌธ์ž์–ด๋Š”
11:16
of the word GDP, gross domestic product.
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GDP, ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ด์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ฒซ ๊ธ€์ž๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
And again, this is normally a percentage.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
Like the GDP in the UK last year was, I dunno, 2% maybe.
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์ž‘๋…„ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ GDP๊ฐ€ 2%์˜€๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
I think China has had one of the highest GDPs
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ GDP๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:32
in recent years.
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.
11:33
And so it's the gross domestic product,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ด์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
which is basically the total value of the goods produced
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ
11:40
in a year in a country, or in an economy.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์—์„œ 1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ ์ƒํ’ˆ์˜ ์ด ๊ฐ€์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
Okay, great, GDP, gross domestic product.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. GDP, ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ด์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
I remember, I think it was Bhutan,
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๋‚ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋ถ€ํƒ„์€
11:53
there's a country that was famous
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11:55
'cause it changed gross domestic products
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๊ตญ๋‚ด์ด์ƒ์‚ฐ(GDP)์„ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ด์ƒ์‚ฐ(GDP)์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
to gross domestic happiness,
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12:00
which they felt was more important,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ–‰๋ณต์ด ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
12:02
or at least as important as what we are producing.
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์ ์–ด๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒํผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
Yeah, I would tend to agree.
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์˜ˆ, ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
12:15
Right, let's look now at things going up
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ 
12:17
and things going down,
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12:19
and how we describe that in English.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
12:21
First of all, things going up,
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์šฐ์„ ,
12:23
like your excitement as Saturday gets closer.
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ํ† ์š”์ผ์ด ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ํฅ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:27
Things going up.
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์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:28
We can say to go up, we can talk about, let's see,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” GDP์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
12:32
GDP, remember, gross domestic product.
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, ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ด์ƒ์‚ฐ.
12:36
GDP has gone up to 6%.
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GDP๋Š” 6%๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
The gone up, gone up to 6%.
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6%๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
GDP has gone up to.
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GDP๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
(speaking gibberish)
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(ํšก์„ค์ˆ˜์„ค)
12:49
GDP has gone up to 6%.
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GDP๊ฐ€ 6%๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:52
We can also say GDP has risen to 6%.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ GDP๊ฐ€ 6%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:57
GDP has climbed to 6%.
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GDP๋Š” 6%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:01
GDP has increased to 6%.
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GDP๋Š” 6%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:05
If it's gone up a lot,
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๋งŽ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ž๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:07
we can say GDP has rocketed to 6%,
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GDP๊ฐ€ 6%๋กœ ์น˜์†Ÿ์•˜
13:12
or GDP has soared to 6%.
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๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ GDP๊ฐ€ 6%๋กœ ์น˜์†Ÿ์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
GDP has shot up, shot up to 6%.
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GDP๊ฐ€ 6%๊นŒ์ง€ ์น˜์†Ÿ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
Notice as well the difference to, between to and by.
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to์™€ by ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ๋„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
13:25
If it's risen TO 6%, that's the final percent.
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6%๊นŒ์ง€ ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ตœ์ข… ํผ์„ผํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:30
If it's risen BY 6%, that's the change in the rate, okay.
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6% ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋น„์œจ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
Now, two nice expressions here.
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
One of them is to go through the roof.
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ถ•์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
Go through the roof, that's the roof,
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์ง€๋ถ•์„ ๋šซ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”, ์ €๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋ถ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
which means to go extremely high, right?
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ ?
13:48
We can talk about inflation has gone through the roof
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด ์ง€๋ถ•์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
13:52
or the (speaking gibberish)
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(ํšก์„ค์ˆ˜์„ค)
13:54
or the unemployment rate is going through the roof.
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์‹ค์—…๋ฅ ์ด ์ง€๋ถ•์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:58
The second expression is to hit an all-time high,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ๊ณ ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š”
14:03
which means to be the highest ever in all time.
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๋œป์œผ๋กœ ์—ญ๋Œ€ ์ตœ๊ณ ๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
14:08
So you'll hear journalists and politicians using this a lot
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์–ธ๋ก ์ธ๊ณผ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
'cause it's very exaggerating, exaggerating.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ณผ์žฅ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:16
Yes, inflation has hit an all-time high
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์˜ˆ, ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ๊ณ ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
14:20
or the unemployment rate has hit an all-time high.
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์‹ค์—…๋ฅ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ๊ณ ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:24
Okay, nice expressions.
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์ข‹์•„, ์ข‹์€ ํ‘œํ˜„๋“ค.
14:26
Let's move on and think about, not just think,
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์ƒ๊ฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
14:29
but talk about things going down, right?
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์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์‹œํ—˜์ด ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก
14:33
Maybe like your motivation
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๋™๊ธฐ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:35
as the test gets closer and closer.
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.
14:38
(chuckles) Things are going down.
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(์›ƒ์Œ) ์ผ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:40
We can say, of course, GDP has gone down to 6%.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  GDP๊ฐ€ 6%๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:46
Remember to is the final percent.
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to๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ํผ์„ผํŠธ์ž„์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
14:48
If we say GDP has gone down by 6%,
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GDP๊ฐ€ 6% ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
14:51
that 6% is the change.
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๊ทธ 6%๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
We can also say GDP has fallen.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ GDP๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฝํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
GDP has decreased.
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GDP๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:00
It has declined.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
It has dropped.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.
15:05
And if it's gone down a lot,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๋ฉด
15:08
we can say it has slumped or it has plummeted.
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ํญ๋ฝํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํญ๋ฝํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
15:15
Lovely words, slumped, plummeted, nice words.
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์‚ฌ๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ง, ์Šฌ๋Ÿผํ”„, ๊ณค๋‘๋ฐ•์งˆ, ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ง.
15:22
And, of course, you can use those expressions,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก 
15:25
like the going up one,
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15:26
like it has hit rock bottom these days.
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์š”์ฆ˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์„ ์นœ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:32
GDP has hit rock bottom these days.
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์š”์ฆ˜ GDP๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์„ ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:36
It's a very, very low, late,
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๋งค์šฐ, ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ๊ณ , ๋Šฆ๊ณ ,
15:38
very, very low rate,
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๋งค์šฐ, ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ
15:40
or it is at an all-time low.
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๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ์ €์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:45
Excellent, nice expressions.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ณ  ์ข‹์€ ํ‘œํ˜„.
15:48
Great, so although this is not your field of expertise,
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ก ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
15:52
maybe, I hope now you feel more confident
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์ ์–ด๋„
15:55
to speak a little bit about the economy,
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15:58
at least to understand the basics,
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ 
16:01
to have some useful phrases,
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์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ
16:03
and the essential terminology you need
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์™€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:05
to talk about the economy, excellent.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:08
If you've enjoyed this video,
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด
16:10
please do subscribe to the channel English Speaking Success,
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์˜์–ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์„ฑ๊ณต ์ฑ„๋„ ๊ตฌ๋…๊ณผ
16:14
turn on notifications.
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์•Œ๋ฆผ ์„ค์ • ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:16
And listen, if you are preparing for IELTS,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”, IELTS๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ 
16:18
and you, or you just want to improve
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์žˆ๊ณ 
16:20
and develop your speaking skills,
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๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
16:22
go and check out my website, the Keith Speaking Academy,
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์ œ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์ธ Keith Speaking Academy๋ฅผ โ€‹โ€‹ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
16:25
and you'll find free lessons and information about the test.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์‹œํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ•์˜์™€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:31
And basically every topic under the sun,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘ ์•„๋ž˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์ œ์—์„œ
16:35
you'll find a free lesson there, I think.
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. keithspeakingacademy.com์—์„œ
16:38
Go and check it out keithspeakingacademy.com.
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ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
16:42
And great, I will see you in the next video.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:47
Take care my friend.
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๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ด.
16:48
Bye bye.
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์•ˆ๋…•.
16:49
(pleasant music)
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(์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์Œ์•…)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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