Present Perfect Continuous - Basic English Grammar Lesson

22,836 views ใƒป 2020-10-25

English Like A Native


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Iโ€™ve been trying to film this videoย  all day but it keeps going wrong!ย 
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์ข…์ผ ์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ์ฐ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ž๊พธ ์•ˆ๋˜๋„ค์š”!
00:04
What does that mean? Does itย  mean have you been trying to filmย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ด์•ผ? ์ดฌ์˜์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
00:08
but youโ€™ve given up? Does it meanย  that Iโ€™ve now finished filming?
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ํฌ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์ด์ œ ์ดฌ์˜์ด ๋๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
00:13
Today weโ€™re talking about the present perfectย  continuous tense, which we use to talk aboutย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ํ™œ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:19
an activity that is ongoing. But how does it work?
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:30
The present perfect continuous tenseย  is created using 4 words in the correctย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:35
order at the beginning of a sentence. I have been playing the piano all morning.ย 
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. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„์นจ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
First of all, we have theย  subject, so in this case: โ€œIโ€.ย 
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์šฐ์„ , ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 'I'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
Then, we use โ€œhaveโ€ or โ€œhasโ€ย  depending on the subject.ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 'have' ๋˜๋Š” 'has'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:54
Next, is the word โ€œbeenโ€.ย  This is the part that showsย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ "been"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
00:58
the activity is ongoing and it doesnโ€™t changeย  no matter what the subject or the verb is.ย 
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ํ™œ๋™์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๋ฉฐ ์ฃผ์–ด๋‚˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
And finally, we have the mainย  verb, with an โ€œingโ€ ending.ย 
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ 'ing'๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
โ€œI have been playingโ€ And then you can finish offย ย 
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"I have been play" ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ
01:13
the sentence, including details of the activityย  and how long it has been going on for, usuallyย ย 
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ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ •๋ณด์™€ ํ™œ๋™ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
01:19
by adding the subject and then a time phrase. โ€œI have been playing the piano all morning.โ€
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์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ์‹œ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ์•„์นจ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ์ณค์–ด์š”.โ€
01:27
Here's a pro tip: if you want to sound more like aย  native speaker, you can get a little bit lazy.ย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ํŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๊ฒŒ์„๋Ÿฌ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
Weโ€™ll often use a contraction of the subject andย  โ€œhas/haveโ€, which means we shorten it to one word.ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ 'has/have'์˜ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์ค„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
I have becomes โ€œIโ€™veโ€. You haveย  becomes โ€œyouโ€™veโ€. They have becomesย ย 
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I have๋Š” "I've"๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. You have๋Š” 'you've'๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
01:48
โ€œtheyโ€™veโ€. He has becomes โ€œheโ€™sโ€. She hasย  becomes โ€œsheโ€™sโ€. Anna has becomes โ€œAnnaโ€™sโ€.ย 
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€'์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” "๊ทธ"๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€'๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Anna๋Š” "Anna 's"๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
Annaโ€™s been teaching English all morning.
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Anna๋Š” ์˜ค์ „ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
Now letโ€™s talk about those time phrases.ย  Whatโ€™s the difference between the word โ€œforโ€ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. 'for'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด
02:07
and the word โ€œsinceโ€? This is a veryย  common mistake with non-native Englishย ย 
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์™€ 'since'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ”ํžˆ ๋ฒ”ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
02:12
speakers so letโ€™s go through it carefully. The word โ€œforโ€ is used when you are talking aboutย ย 
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์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'for'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:19
an amount of time. For example, โ€œSheย  practiced the dance for 2 hoursโ€ orย ย 
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 2์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ถค์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋˜๋Š”
02:29
โ€œIโ€™ve been at the bus stop for half an hourโ€. The word โ€œsinceโ€ is used when you want to say theย ย 
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"๋‚˜๋Š” 30๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฒ„์Šค ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." 'since'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์‹œ์ž‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:37
start time. For example, โ€œIโ€™ve been here sinceย  6 oโ€™clockโ€ or โ€œIโ€™ve lived in this house sinceย ย 
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, "์ €๋Š” 6์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”" ๋˜๋Š” "์ €๋Š” 2011๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด ์ง‘์— ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:46
2011โ€. If you want to be less specific, you couldย  say โ€œfor a whileโ€. โ€œIโ€™ve been thinking about itย ย 
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"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด '์ž ์‹œ ๋™์•ˆ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•œ๋™์•ˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:54
for a whileโ€. This usually means for quite aย  long time, but not a specific amount of time.ย ย 
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." ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฝค ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
If you want to say that you have not been doingย  something for a long time, without being too specific,ย ย 
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:08
you could say โ€œfor a little whileโ€. Person 1: Sorry Iโ€™m late!ย ย 
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'์ž ์‹œ ๋™์•ˆ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ 1: ๋Šฆ์–ด์„œ ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ด!
03:12
Have you been waiting long? Person 2: Only a little while.
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์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ์‚ฌ๋žŒ 2: ์ž ์‹œ๋งŒ์š”.
03:17
Another time phrase you can use is โ€œallโ€ andย  then a longer time period. For example, โ€œIโ€™veย ย 
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋Š” '์ „์ฒด'์™€ ๋” ๊ธด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, "I've
03:24
been here all weekโ€ or โ€œIโ€™ve been trying to call you all monthโ€. Again, this comes from nativeย ย 
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been here all week" ๋˜๋Š” "I've been trying to call you all month." ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ๊ฒŒ์œผ
03:33
speakers being lazy. It means โ€œfor all of theโ€, soย  rather than saying โ€œIโ€™ve been trying to find youย ย 
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๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ "for all of the"๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ "I've been trying to find you
03:42
for all of the dayโ€, a native speaker wouldย  simply say โ€œIโ€™ve been trying to find you all dayโ€.
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for all of the day"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ "I've been trying to find you all day"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
So now Iโ€™m going to say 5 sentences, leavingย  a space for the word โ€œforโ€ or โ€œsinceโ€.ย ย 
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์ด์ œ 'for' ๋˜๋Š” 'since'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘๊ณ  5๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
Iโ€™ll pause for a few seconds between each one to let you think about your answer.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ช‡ ์ดˆ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผ์‹œ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
Ok, are we ready? Number one
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์ข‹์•„, ์ค€๋น„ ๋๋‹ˆ? 1๋ฒˆ
04:05
โ€œIโ€™ve been playing tennis ____ last year.โ€ย 
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"์ €๋Š” ์ž‘๋…„์— ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ____ ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
04:12
The answer is since. Iโ€™ve beenย  playing tennis since last year.ย 
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ์ดํ›„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž‘๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
โ€œHeโ€™s been talking about it ___ weeks!โ€ The answer is โ€œforโ€. Heโ€™s beenย ย 
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ___ ์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!" ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ "์šฉ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š”
04:31
talking about it for weeks.
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๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
Next question, number three โ€œTheyโ€™ve been driving ____ hours.โ€
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๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ 3๋ฒˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ____์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์šด์ „ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
04:43
The answer is โ€œforโ€. Theyโ€™veย  been driving for hours.ย 
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ "์šฉ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์šด์ „์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
โ€œIโ€™ve been dancing _____ I was 6 years old.โ€ย 
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"์ €๋Š” 6์‚ด ๋•Œ ์ถค์„ ์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
04:57
The answer is โ€œsinceโ€. Iโ€™ve beenย  dancing since I was 6 years old.ย 
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์ •๋‹ต์€ "์ดํ›„"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” 6์‚ด ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ถค์„ ์ถ”์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
And the final question...
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์งˆ๋ฌธ...
05:05
โ€œSheโ€™s been annoying me ____ all morning.โ€
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"๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„์นจ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ____ ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”."
05:12
I'm sorry. That was a trick question! We donโ€™t use โ€˜forโ€™ or โ€˜sinceโ€™ when we say โ€œall morningโ€, so the fullย  sentence is: Sheโ€™s been annoying me all morning!
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์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†์ž„์ˆ˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์˜ค์ „ ๋‚ด๋‚ด'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ 'for' ๋˜๋Š” 'since'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜ค์ „ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”!
05:25
What was your score out of 5?ย  Let me know in the comments section below
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” 5์  ๋งŒ์ ์— ๋ช‡ ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€ ์„น์…˜์—์„œ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”
05:29
And I noticed that a lot of you don't have your notifications turned on,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
so if I do a live lesson, how will you know about it.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ๋ ˆ์Šจ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:38
Guys turn on your notifications.
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์–˜๋“ค์•„ ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ์ผœ๋ผ.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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