Noun Phrases: English Grammar Essentials

1,566 views ใƒป 2025-02-02

English Like A Native


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚

00:00
What is a noun phrase?
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ๅ่ฉžๅฅใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
00:03
Hello everyone, Anna here from English Like a Native.
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ใฟใชใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚English Like a Native ใฎใ‚ขใƒณใƒŠใงใ™ใ€‚
00:07
Today we're diving into something that can take your English to the next level.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆฌกใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซๅผ•ใไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ๅ†…ๅฎนใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:14
Noun phrases.
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ๅ่ฉžๅฅใ€‚
00:16
Wait, don't run away.
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ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€้€ƒใ’ใชใ„ใงใ€‚
00:17
I promise this isn't as scary as it sounds.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใปใฉๆ€–ใใชใ„ใจ็ด„ๆŸใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:21
By the end of this video, you'll not only know what noun phrases are, but you'll
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅ่ฉžๅฅใŒไฝ•ใชใฎใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€
00:27
be creating them, identifying them, and using them like a grammar genius.
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ๅ่ฉžๅฅใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใ€่ญ˜ๅˆฅใ—ใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎๅคฉๆ‰ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:34
And yes, I'll make it as fun as I possibly can do.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใฏใ„ใ€ใงใใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:38
So, to ensure that you get the most from this lesson, I've created a worksheet.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆœ€ๅคง้™ใซๆดป็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใƒฏใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:43
For you with lots of exercises so that you can master noun phrases.
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ๅ่ฉžๅฅใ‚’ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๆผ”็ฟ’ใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:49
Your link for the worksheet is in the description.
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ใƒฏใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใƒˆใธใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใฏ่ชฌๆ˜Žใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:52
Let's jump right in.
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ๆ—ฉ้€Ÿๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:55
What is a noun phrase?
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ๅ่ฉžๅฅใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
00:57
Let's start with the big question.
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ๅคงใใช่ณชๅ•ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:00
A noun phrase is just a fancy way of saying.
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ๅ่ฉžๅฅใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ๆดพๆ‰‹ใช่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚
01:05
A group of words centred around a noun.
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ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไธญๅฟƒใจใ—ใŸๅ˜่ชžใฎ้›†ใพใ‚Šใ€‚
01:10
Think of it like a burger.
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ใƒใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:12
The noun is the meat, or meat alternative.
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ๅ่ฉžใฏ่‚‰ใ€ใพใŸใฏ่‚‰ใฎไปฃๆ›ฟๅ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:16
It's the heart of the phrase.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฎๆ ธๅฟƒใงใ™ใ€‚
01:19
Everything else, the bread, lettuce, cheese, ketchup, onions, they're all the
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ใƒ‘ใƒณใ€ใƒฌใ‚ฟใ‚นใ€ใƒใƒผใ‚บใ€ใ‚ฑใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒ—ใ€็Ž‰ใญใŽใชใฉใ€ใใฎไป–ใ™ในใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใ€
01:26
extra bits that make it more delicious.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็พŽๅ‘ณใ—ใใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎไฝ™ๅˆ†ใช้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:30
Here's an example.
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ใ“ใ“ใซไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:32
Cat.
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็Œซใ€‚
01:33
That's just the meat, metaphorically.
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ๆฏ”ๅ–ฉ็š„ใซ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹่‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:37
We don't eat cats.
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็งใŸใกใฏ็Œซใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:39
The fluffy cat.
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ใตใ‚ใตใ‚ใฎ็Œซใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ€‚
01:42
Now we're adding some extra flavour.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ•ใ‚‰ใซ้ขจๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
01:45
This is the bun, the bread that goes around the cat.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒ‘ใƒณใ€็Œซใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒ‘ใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
01:50
The fluffy cat sitting on the windowsill.
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็ช“่พบใซๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใƒขใƒ•ใƒขใƒ•ใฎ็Œซใ€‚
01:54
Boom!
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ใƒ–ใƒผใƒ ๏ผ
01:55
Now we've got a full burger.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ใƒ•ใƒซใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใŒๅฎŒๆˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:59
To make a noun phrase, use this simple formula.
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ๅ่ฉžๅฅใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใชๅ…ฌๅผใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:02
Determiner plus adjective plus noun plus noun.
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ๆฑบๅฎš่ฉžใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นๅ่ฉžใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นๅ่ฉžใ€‚
02:08
Extra information.
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่ฟฝๅŠ ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ€‚
02:10
Let's break it down.
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ๅˆ†่งฃใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:12
A determiner is a word like the, a, my, or three.
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้™ๅฎš่ฉžใฏใ€theใ€aใ€myใ€three ใชใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
02:20
For example, the dog.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็Šฌใงใ™ใ€‚
02:23
Adjectives are words that describe the noun.
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฏๅ่ฉžใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:26
For example, the cute dog.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„็Šฌใ€‚
02:30
The noun is of course the start of the phrase.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ๅ่ฉžใฏใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฎๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
02:34
For example, the cute dog.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„็Šฌใ€‚
02:37
And then the extra information could be A prepositional phrase like on
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ใใ—ใฆใ€่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใฏ ใ€ใ‚ฝใƒ•ใ‚ก
02:42
the sofa, a relative clause, who loves biscuits, or other details.
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ใฎไธŠใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžๅฅใ€้–ขไฟ‚็ฏ€ใ€ใƒ“ใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ๆ„›ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใ€ใพใŸใฏใใฎไป–ใฎ่ฉณ็ดฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
02:50
So, here's your full example, the cute dog on the sofa.
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฎŒๅ…จใชไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€ใ‚ฝใƒ•ใ‚กใฎไธŠใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„็Šฌใงใ™ใ€‚
02:56
Now, why are noun phrases important?
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ใงใฏใ€ใชใœๅ่ฉžๅฅใŒ้‡่ฆใชใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
03:00
Why should you care about noun phrases?
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ใชใœๅ่ฉžๅฅใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
03:04
Because they make your sentences more interesting and detailed.
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ๆ–‡็ซ ใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ่ฉณ็ดฐใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:09
Let's compare.
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ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:10
I saw a dog.
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็Šฌใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:12
That's a simple sentence.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:14
With a noun phrase, I saw a cute dog with floppy ears chasing a butterfly.
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ๅ่ฉžๅฅใงใ€ๅž‚ใ‚Œ่€ณใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„็ŠฌใŒ่ถใ‚’่ฟฝใ„ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:22
Which one paints a better picture?
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„็ตตใ‚’ๆใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:25
Exactly.
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ใใฎ้€šใ‚Šใ€‚
03:26
Noun phrases are like Instagram filters.
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ๅ่ฉžๅฅใฏ Instagram ใฎใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒซใ‚ฟใƒผใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
03:30
They make everything look better.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ่ฆ‹ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:33
How to identify noun phrases.
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ๅ่ฉžๅฅใ‚’่ญ˜ๅˆฅใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€‚
03:37
Here's a pro tip.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใƒ—ใƒญใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
03:39
Start by finding the noun.
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ใพใšใฏๅ่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:43
Then look for the words around it that describe or add detail.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใใฎๅ‘จๅ›ฒใซใ‚ใ‚‹่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ‚Š่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:49
Let's try one together.
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ไธ€็ท’ใซ่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:51
The tall man in a blue jacket walked into the room.
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้’ใ„ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’็€ใŸ่ƒŒใฎ้ซ˜ใ„็”ทใŒ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใใŸใ€‚
03:56
Step 1.
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ— 1.
03:58
What's the noun here?
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ใ“ใ“ใฎๅ่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
04:01
Man.
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็”ทใ€‚
04:02
Yes.
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚
04:03
Step 2.
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ— 2.
04:05
What describes the noun?
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ใใฎๅ่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใง่ชฌๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
04:10
The tall man in a blue jacket.
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้’ใ„ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’็€ใŸ่ƒŒใฎ้ซ˜ใ„็”ทๆ€งใ€‚
04:15
And there you go.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
04:16
That's your noun phrase.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ่ฉžๅฅใงใ™ใ€‚
04:18
The tall man in a blue jacket.
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้’ใ„ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’็€ใŸ่ƒŒใฎ้ซ˜ใ„็”ทๆ€งใ€‚
04:22
Now it's your turn.
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ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
04:23
Identify the noun phrase in this sentence.
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎไธญใฎๅ่ฉžๅฅใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:28
A group of cheerful children were playing in the park.
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ๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใชๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใŒๅ…ฌๅœ’ใง้Šใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ€‚
04:33
You can pause the video if you need more time.
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆ™‚้–“ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:40
And the answer is, a group of cheerful children.
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็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€ๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใชๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:44
Let's talk now about common mistakes with noun phrases.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๅ่ฉžๅฅใงใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹้–“้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:49
There are some common mistakes that learners often make.
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ๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใŒใ‚ˆใ็Šฏใ™ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹้–“้•ใ„ใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:53
And these mistakes might seem small, but they can make your sentences
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใฏๅฐใ•ใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๆ–‡็ซ 
04:57
confusing or grammatically incorrect.
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ใŒๆททไนฑใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซ้–“้•ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:01
So, here's how to avoid them.
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅ›ž้ฟใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:04
Number one, confusing prepositional phrases as head nouns.
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1 ใค็›ฎใฏใ€้ ญใฎๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆๆททๅŒใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžๅฅใงใ™ใ€‚
05:10
This happens when students mistakenly think that a prepositional
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž
05:14
phrase is the main part or the head noun of the noun phrase.
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ๅฅใŒไธป่ฆ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅ่ฉžๅฅใฎไธป่ฆๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่ชคใฃใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:19
Let me explain.
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่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:20
A prepositional phrase starts with a preposition like of, in, to.
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžๅฅใฏใ€ofใ€inใ€to ใชใฉใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใงๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:26
On, at, with, for, and it adds extra information about the noun.
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Onใ€atใ€withใ€for ใฏใ€ๅ่ฉžใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹่ฟฝๅŠ ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:33
However, the head noun is always the central focus of the noun phrase.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๅ…ˆ้ ญๅ่ฉžใฏๅธธใซๅ่ฉžๅฅใฎไธญๅฟƒใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:39
It's not the preposition or the object of the preposition.
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใงใ‚‚ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:45
For example, The bouquet of flowers is beautiful.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ่ŠฑๆŸใฏ็พŽใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€
05:51
It would be wrong to think that the head noun here is flowers.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎไธป่ฆๅ่ฉžใŒ่Šฑใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:56
It would be correct to think that the head noun is bouquet.
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้ ญใฎๅ่ฉžใฏ่ŠฑๆŸใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใฎใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:01
The prepositional phrase of flowers just gives more detail about the bouquet.
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flowers ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžๅฅใฏใ€่ŠฑๆŸใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:07
So if you remove the prepositional phrase, the sentence would still make sense.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžๅฅใ‚’ๅ‰Š้™คใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๆ–‡ใฏไพ็„ถใจใ—ใฆๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:13
The bouquet is beautiful.
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่ŠฑๆŸใฏ็พŽใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
06:16
Let's try it again.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:17
Here's another example.
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:19
A bag of apples is on the table.
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ใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใฎ่ข‹ใŒใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใฎไธŠใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:24
It would be wrong to think that the head noun is Apples.
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้ ญใฎๅ่ฉžใŒ Apple ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:29
It would be correct to think that the head noun is bag.
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ๅ…ˆ้ ญๅ่ฉžใฏbagใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใฎใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:34
The prepositional phrase of apples tells us what's inside the bag.
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apple ใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžๅฅใฏใ€่ข‹ใฎไธญใซไฝ•ใŒๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:41
Let's practice.
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็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:42
In the sentence, the box of chocolates is on the counter.
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ๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€ใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใฎ็ฎฑใŒใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใฎไธŠใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:47
What's the head noun?
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้ ญใฎๅ่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:52
The box.
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็ฎฑใ€‚
06:53
Well done.
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ใ‚ˆใใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€‚
06:54
Now the second mistake is forgetting the determiner.
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใฏใ€ๆฑบๅฎš่ฉžใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:58
A determiner is a small but mighty word that comes before the noun and it tells us
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้™ๅฎš่ฉžใฏๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใซๆฅใ‚‹ๅฐใ•ใ„ใชใŒใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๅผทๅŠ›ใชๅ˜่ชžใงใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ
07:05
if it's a specific noun or a general noun.
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็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ่ฉžใชใฎใ‹ไธ€่ˆฌๅ่ฉžใชใฎใ‹ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
07:09
Examples of determiners include articles, so a, an, or the.
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้™ๅฎš่ฉžใฎไพ‹ใซใฏใ€ๅ† ่ฉžใ€so aใ€anใ€ใพใŸใฏ the ใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
07:16
Possessives like my, your, their.
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็งใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ‰€ๆœ‰็‰ฉใ€‚
07:20
Quantifiers, some, many, every, three.
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ๆ•ฐ้‡่ฉžใ€someใ€manyใ€everyใ€threeใ€‚
07:27
Here's why determiners matter.
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ๆฑบๅฎšๅญใŒ้‡่ฆใช็†็”ฑใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
07:30
If you forget the determiner, your sentence can feel incomplete or unnatural.
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้™ๅฎš่ฉžใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆ–‡ใŒไธๅฎŒๅ…จใพใŸใฏไธ่‡ช็„ถใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:36
For example, I saw fluffy dog.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใตใ‚ใตใ‚ใฎ็Šฌใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:40
This is not correct and it sounds awkward.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใใชใใ€ใŽใ“ใกใชใ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
07:44
I saw a fluffy dog.
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ใƒขใƒ•ใƒขใƒ•ใฎ็Šฌใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:47
This is correct.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:48
The determiner, A, completes the noun phrase.
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้™ๅฎš่ฉž A ใฏๅ่ฉžๅฅใ‚’ๅฎŒๆˆใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:52
I saw a fluffy dog.
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ใƒขใƒ•ใƒขใƒ•ใฎ็Šฌใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:55
Here's another example.
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:57
Big cake was on the table.
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ๅคงใใชใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใŒใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใฎไธŠใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:00
It's incorrect and it sounds a bit abrupt.
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ใใ‚Œใฏไธๆญฃ็ขบใงใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ”็ชใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
08:04
Here's the correct version.
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ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
08:06
The big cake was on the table.
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ๅคงใใชใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใŒใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใฎไธŠใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:10
The determiner, the, makes it clear we're talking about a specific cake.
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้™ๅฎš่ฉžใฎ the ใฏใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:17
Even in informal speech, native speakers always use determiners in noun phrases.
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ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใชใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏๅธธใซๅ่ฉžๅฅใง้™ๅฎš่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:23
So make sure you include them.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅฟ…ใšๅซใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:25
Now here are some common situations where determiners are forgotten.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๆฑบๅฎšๅญใŒๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็Šถๆณใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:31
When you're describing items in a list.
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ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆๅ†…ใฎ้ …็›ฎใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€‚
08:34
It wouldn't be right to say, I bought milk, bread, apple.
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็‰›ไนณใ€ใƒ‘ใƒณใ€ใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใ‚’่ฒทใฃใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:39
It would be correct to say, I bought milk, bread, and an apple.
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ๆญฃ็ขบใซใฏใ€็‰›ไนณใจใƒ‘ใƒณใจใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:46
Sometimes they're forgotten when using possessive determiners.
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ๆ‰€ๆœ‰้™ๅฎš่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:51
Teacher told us to submit homework.
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ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏ็งใŸใกใซๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ๆๅ‡บใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:54
That would be incorrect.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:56
If we add the determiners, it would be, The teacher told
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ๆฑบๅฎš่ฉžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏ
09:00
us to submit our homework.
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็งใŸใกใซๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ๆๅ‡บใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:04
Now let's get creative.
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ใ•ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚จใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใชใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:06
I'm going to describe a situation and you'll create your own noun phrases.
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็งใŒ็Šถๆณใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎๅ่ฉžๅฅใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:13
Ready?
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆ๏ผŸ
09:14
Number one.
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1็•ชใ€‚
09:15
Describe your favourite food.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฅฝใใช้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:18
For example, a big bowl of creamy pasta with melted cheese.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใจใ‚ใ‘ใ‚‹ใƒใƒผใ‚บใŒๅ…ฅใฃใŸๅคงใใชใƒœใ‚ฆใƒซใฎใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใƒ‘ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ€‚
09:23
Your turn.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
09:25
Pause the video and write your sentence in the comments.
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ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:32
Great.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
09:33
Number two.
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใ€‚
09:34
Now describe a family member.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๅฎถๆ—ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:37
For example, my cheerful little brother with messy hair.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€้ซชใŒใƒœใ‚ตใƒœใ‚ตใฎๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใชๅผŸใ€‚
09:42
Your turn.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
09:43
Remember to pause the video, write your sentence in the comments.
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ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใšใซใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:47
I can't wait to read them.
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่ชญใ‚€ใฎใŒๅพ…ใกใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:52
Good.
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่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
09:53
Now you've done that, let's end with some fun examples of noun phrases.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ๅ่ฉžๅฅใฎๆฅฝใ—ใ„ไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็ดนไป‹ใ—ใฆ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:58
Can you spot them?
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่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:59
A grumpy cat wearing a bow tie refused to play.
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่ถใƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใ‚คใ‚’ใ—ใŸไธๆฉŸๅซŒใใ†ใช็ŒซใŒ้Šใถใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ‹’ๅฆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:07
Number 2.
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ใใฎ2ใ€‚
10:08
A shiny red car parked outside the cafe caught my eye.
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ใ‚ซใƒ•ใ‚งใฎๅค–ใซๅœใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใƒ”ใ‚ซใƒ”ใ‚ซใฎ่ตคใ„่ปŠใŒ็›ฎใซ็•™ใพใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:16
Number 3.
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ใใฎ3ใ€‚
10:18
The delicious smell of freshly baked bread filled the air.
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็„ผใใŸใฆใฎใƒ‘ใƒณใฎใŠใ„ใ—ใ„้ฆ™ใ‚ŠใŒ็ฉบๆฐ—ใซๆบ€ใกใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:25
The answers are.
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็ญ”ใˆใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
10:27
The grumpy cat wearing a bow tie.
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่ถใƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใ‚คใ‚’ใ—ใŸไธๆฉŸๅซŒใใ†ใช็Œซใ€‚
10:31
A shiny car parked outside the cafe.
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ใ‚ซใƒ•ใ‚งใฎๅค–ใซใƒ”ใ‚ซใƒ”ใ‚ซใฎ่ปŠใŒๅœใพใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:35
And the delicious smell of freshly baked bread.
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ใใ—ใฆ็„ผใใŸใฆใฎใƒ‘ใƒณใฎ็พŽๅ‘ณใ—ใใ†ใช้ฆ™ใ‚Šใ€‚
10:40
Okay, final challenge.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใงใ™ใ€‚
10:42
Your mission is to write a short story with at least three noun phrases.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไฝฟๅ‘ฝใฏใ€ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ 3 ใคใฎๅ่ฉžๅฅใ‚’ๅซใ‚€็Ÿญ็ทจๅฐ่ชฌใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
10:48
For example, Yesterday, I saw a tall man with a green umbrella
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€็ท‘ใฎๅ‚˜ใ‚’ๅทฎใ—ใŸ่ƒŒใฎ้ซ˜ใ„็”ทๆ€งใŒใ€
10:54
standing near a shiny red car.
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ใƒ”ใ‚ซใƒ”ใ‚ซใฎ่ตคใ„่ปŠใฎ่ฟ‘ใใซ็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:56
He was holding a box of chocolates which he gave to a little girl in a pink dress.
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ๅฝผใฏใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใฎ็ฎฑใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฏใฎใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’็€ใŸๅฐใ•ใชๅฅณใฎๅญใซใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:02
I want you to post your stories in the comments and use the free worksheet
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใซใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใ‚’ๆŠ•็จฟใ—ใ€
11:06
that's linked below to keep practicing.
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ไปฅไธ‹ใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹็„กๆ–™ใฎใƒฏใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:09
Noun phrases don't have to be scary, they're just a way to
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ๅ่ฉžใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฏๆ€–ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:14
add more detail to your English and make your sentences shine.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใซ่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ผใ‹ใ›ใ‚‹ ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใ™ใŽใพใ›ใ‚“
11:19
If you enjoyed this lesson then please take one second to give me a like and
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใœใฒใ€Œใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผใ€ใ‚’
11:24
subscribe if you want to see more.
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ๆŠผใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ฆ‹ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ่ณผ่ชญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:27
Your next step is to understand prepositional phrases.
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ๆฌกใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—ใฏใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžๅฅใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
11:31
So join me in this lesson to learn more.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่ฉณใ—ใๅญฆใณใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
11:35
I'll see you in the next video.
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ๆฌกใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
11:37
Take care and goodbye.
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ๆฐ—ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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