How to use participle clauses - improve your grammar with English Masterclass from the BBC

234,856 views ใƒป 2017-01-23

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:01
Beware the participle claws! Get it? Clawsโ€ฆlike the nails of an animal. Clauseโ€ฆlike the
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๋ถ„์‚ฌํ˜• ๋ฐœํ†ฑ์„ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”! ์•Œ๊ฒ ์–ด? ๋ฐœํ†ฑ... ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์†ํ†ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ˆโ€ฆ
00:09
part of a sentenceโ€ฆ no? Alright, look it doesnโ€™t matter. This is everything you need
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผโ€ฆ ์•„๋‹ˆ? ์ข‹์•„, ์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†์–ด. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
00:14
to know about participle clauses. Stay tuned.
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๋ถ„์‚ฌ ์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์† ์ง€์ผœ๋ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
00:22
A participle is a form of a verb. A participle clause is a subordinate clause which begins with a participle.
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๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
They act like adverbs and are linked to the main clause of a sentence.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์ ˆ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
They usually show things like event order,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ์ˆœ์„œ,
00:36
time, cause and effect.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์›์ธ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
Stepping on camera, I relaxed completely. or
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์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐŸ๊ณ  ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ธด์žฅ์„ ํ’€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”
00:48
Filmed inside, the footage was too dark to use.
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๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•œ ์˜์ƒ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์–ด๋‘์›Œ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
There are present participles, ING, and there are past participles which are basically the
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ, ING๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
00:56
third form of the verb. Stepping on cameraโ€ฆstepping is an example of a present participle. It
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๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Stepping on cameraโ€ฆstepping์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
basically means โ€˜When I stepped on cameraโ€™. Filmed insideโ€ฆfilmed is an example of a
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ '๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐŸ์•˜์„ ๋•Œ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Filmed insideโ€ฆfilmed๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:08
past participle. It basically means โ€˜Because it was filmed insideโ€™. It is very important
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. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ' ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ดฌ์˜ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—'๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
to remember that participle verbs do not change their form to show tense. This actually happens
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๋ถ„์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
01:19
in the main clause, and participle clauses usually mimic the same tense as the main clause.
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์ฃผ์ ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์ ˆ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
However, it is possible to put a tense in a participle clause by itself. For example:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ ์ž์ฒด์— ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด
01:31
Knowing I was filming today, I wore a shirt.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์…”์ธ ๋ฅผ ์ž…์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:41
Participle clauses often have implied subjects. This means that the subject of the participle
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๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ์ข…์ข… ์ฃผ์–ด๋ฅผ ์•”์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ถ„
01:47
clause is the same as the subject of the main clause and so it is omitted in the participle
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์‚ฌ์ ˆ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์ ˆ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋žต๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:53
clause. For example: Seeing the mistake, she corrected it immediately.
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. ์˜ˆ: ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
However, it is possible for a participle clause to have its own subject โ€“ and this is a
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ์ž์ฒด ์ฃผ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
02:02
little bit more formal. So, for example: Seeing she had made the mistake, she corrected
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์ข€ ๋” ํ˜•์‹์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
02:07
it immediately.
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์ฆ‰์‹œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
To make a participle clause negative, we use โ€˜notโ€™, and this comes before the participle
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๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ๋ถ€์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 'not'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋™์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:19
verb. So, for example: Not knowing the baby slept, she phoned.
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด: ์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
However, the โ€˜notโ€™ can come after the participle verb depending on your meaning.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— 'not'์ด ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:30
So, for example: Not knowing the baby slept, she phoned.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด: ์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
versus Knowing not to call because the baby slept,
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์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์ „ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๋ฉด์„œ๋„
02:38
she waited until the next day. Got it?
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๋‹ค์Œ๋‚ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ธ๋‹ค. ์•Œ์•˜์–ด์š”? ์ฃผ์ ˆ์˜
02:47
To make clear that one action is finished
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๋™์ž‘์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋™์ž‘์ด ๋๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:50
before the action in the main clause is begun, we use Having + the past participle. And this
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, Have + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
02:56
basically works the same way as โ€˜becauseโ€™ or โ€˜afterโ€™. So, compare:
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ 'because' ๋˜๋Š” 'after'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
03:01
Putting away the equipment, they talked about going home. โ€“ that means โ€˜whileโ€™
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์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ์น˜์šฐ๊ณ  ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . โ€“ '๋™์•ˆ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ง€๋งŒ
03:06
but Having put away the equipment, they went home.
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์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ์น˜์šฐ๊ณ  ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
โ€“ that means โ€˜afterโ€™
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โ€“ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ '์ดํ›„'๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:18
Finally, all sorts of prepositions can sit before the participle verb to further emphasise
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. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ
03:24
or clarify eventsโ€™ order, time, cause and effect. Words like after, before, since, while
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์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์›์ธ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. after, before, since, while, with์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด
03:31
and with. So for example:
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด:
03:33
By practising every day, she passed her driving test.
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๋งค์ผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์šด์ „ ์‹œํ—˜์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
or Without knowing it, I had ruined everything.
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๋˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
For more information, please go to our website at bbclearningenglish.com for further examples
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์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋‹น์‚ฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ bbclearningenglish.com์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ์ œ
03:52
and practice exercises. Iโ€™ve been Dan, youโ€™ve been fantastic. Practise your participle clauses
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์™€ ์—ฐ์Šต ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” Dan์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ์ ˆ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜์„ธ์š”
03:57
guys โ€“ keep them sharp!
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โ€“ ๋‚ ์นด๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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