The past perfect tense: how we form it and why we use it - English In A Minute

85,741 views ・ 2019-07-29

BBC Learning English


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Hi, everyone!
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00:00
I'm James and today we're going to talk about
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„!
λ‚˜λŠ” James이고 였늘 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:02
the past perfect tense
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00:04
– how we form it and why we use it.
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– μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 그것을 ν˜•μ„±ν•˜λŠ” 방법과 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 그것을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 이유.
00:06
By the time I arrived at the airport,
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곡항에 λ„μ°©ν–ˆμ„ λ•ŒλŠ”
00:09
the plane had already left.
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이미 λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°κ°€ λ– λ‚˜κ³  μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€.
00:11
In this example, 'had left' is the past perfect tense.
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이 μ˜ˆμ—μ„œ 'had left'λŠ” κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
The structure for the past perfect tense is
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κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ˜ κ΅¬μ‘°λŠ”
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had + a past participle.
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had + κ³Όκ±° λΆ„μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
There are two past actions:
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00:22
arriving at the airport
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곡항에 도착
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and the plane leaving.
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ν•˜κ³  λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°κ°€ λ– λ‚˜λŠ” 두 가지 κ³Όκ±° 행동이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
But which of these happened first?
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이듀 쀑 μ–΄λŠ 것이 λ¨Όμ € μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
00:27
The clue is the past perfect tense.
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λ‹¨μ„œλŠ” κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
The action in the past perfect is the action that
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κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œμ˜ λ™μž‘μ€
00:32
always happens first.
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항상 λ¨Όμ € λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” λ™μž‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
Because the verb 'leave' is in the past perfect
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동사 'leave'λŠ” κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œν˜•
00:36
– had left –
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(had left)μ΄λ―€λ‘œ
00:38
we know that this action happened first.
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이 λ™μž‘μ΄ λ¨Όμ € λ°œμƒν–ˆμŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
The action that happened second
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두 번째둜 λ°œμƒν•œ 행동은
00:42
is often in the past simple tense
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μ’…μ’… κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
– in this example: 'I arrived'.
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이 μ˜ˆμ—μ„œλŠ” 'I arrive'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€ λ‹€λ₯Έ 것보닀 λ¨Όμ € μΌμ–΄λ‚œ
00:46
When you want to talk about two past actions,
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두 개의 κ³Όκ±° 행동에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  싢을 λ•Œ,
00:49
one which happened before the other,
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00:51
remember to use the past perfect for the first action
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첫 번째 ν–‰λ™μ—λŠ” κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©
00:55
and the past simple for the second.
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ν•˜κ³  두 번째 ν–‰λ™μ—λŠ” λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
00:57
Thanks for joining us for this English In A Minute.
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English In A Minute에 μ°Έμ—¬ν•΄ μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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