I have been doing & I have done | English Tenses #3 | B1-Intermediate

2,092,217 views ใƒป 2011-08-28

Anglo-Link


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:10
Hello, everyone. You're back with me new at Anglo-link. This is the third video in our learning the tenses series
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ Anglo-link์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋Œ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ์ œ ํ•™์Šต ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์˜ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋น„๋””์˜ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
If you haven't watched the first two videos you may want to go and watch them first
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋จผ์ €
00:24
In this third video. I'm going to help you understand the differences between
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์ด ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—์„œ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
Present perfect continuous, "I have been doing" and present perfect simple "I have done"
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• "I have been doing"๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ๋‹จ์ˆœ "I have done"์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
When you're ready we can get started.
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์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
Right then
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋•Œ
00:44
Present perfect continuous and present perfect
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•
00:49
Let's look at the formulation of the two tenses
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๋‘ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๊ณต์‹์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:55
In the previous video we looked at how to formulate present perfect continuous
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์ด์ „ ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ๊ณต์‹ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
Let's remind you
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01:03
I have been playing tennis
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01:05
So the verb "to be" conjugated
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01:08
in the present perfect and then the main verb with "ing"
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ "ing"
01:14
You have been playing tennis
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You have been play tennis
01:16
He/she has been playing
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He/she has been play
01:18
We, you and they have been playing
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We, you and they have been play
01:24
Let's look at present perfect
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
01:27
no continuous
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์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฏ€๋กœ
01:28
So it's just the verb "have" and the participle:
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๋™์‚ฌ "have"์™€ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋งŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
01:33
I have played tennis
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I have play tennis
01:37
Easy
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Easy
01:38
You have played tennis
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You have play tennis
01:41
He/she has played
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He/she has play
01:44
We, you and they have played
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We, you and they have play
01:50
Right let's look at usage
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:54
First a reminder: When we use the present perfect continuous,
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๋จผ์ € ์•Œ๋ฆผ: ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ
02:00
action that started in the past and is still in progress
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ๋™์ž‘
02:07
For example:
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์˜ˆ:
02:08
I've been studying all morning
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I ์˜ค์ „ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”
02:13
I've been doing the exercises since 11 o'clock
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๋‚˜๋Š” 11์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”
02:18
He has been driving for five hours
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๊ทธ๋Š” 5์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์šด์ „์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”
02:24
Let's look at some examples of the present perfect and how they are different from the ones
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์™€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
02:30
You've just looked at
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:33
So
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
02:34
The present perfect refers to a completed action
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ t๋Š” ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๋™์ž‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
An action that's complete at the time of speaking. It's not going on anymore
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๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๋™์ž‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
Look at the first example:
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:50
I've studied three sections until now
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
Let's look at the two sentences together:
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๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
So
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02:58
I've been studying all morning
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
์ €๋Š” ์•„์นจ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
that means
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์ฆ‰,
03:03
You started this morning, and you're still studying
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
Within this time you have completed, you have finished three sections
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์™„๋ฃŒํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„น์…˜์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:15
Now this is present perfect:
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
03:17
I've studied three sections until now
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„น์…˜์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:22
Next example
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ
03:26
I've already done half of the exercises
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์—ฐ์Šต์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:31
Let's look at the present perfect continuous:
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
03:34
I've been doing the exercises since 11:00
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I've been doing the ์—ฐ์Šต ๋‹น์‹ ์€ 11์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
03:38
So you started at 11:00, and you are still doing the exercises
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11์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ณต์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:44
But within this time you have already finished half of them
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์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์— ๋‹น์‹ ์€
03:50
Present perfect:
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03:52
I've already done half of the exercises
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ
03:57
And the last example:
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04:00
He has driven 500 kilometers so far
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๊นŒ์ง€ 500km
04:05
Look at the continuous form:
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์—ฐ์† ํ˜•์‹ ๋ณด๊ธฐ:
04:08
He has been driving for five hours
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๊ทธ๋Š” 5์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์šด์ „ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
He is still driving
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์šด์ „ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
Within this time he has completed 500 kilometers of driving
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์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์— ๊ทธ๋Š” 500km ์šด์ „์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
By the way, so far is a synonym for until now
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04:31
Let's look at the timelines now to make it perfectly clear for you
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y์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ou
04:35
What the difference is between the two tenses are
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๋‘ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€
04:42
Right
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04:43
Here is the timeline for present perfect continuos
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ํƒ€์ž„๋ผ์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
An action that started in the past
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ๋™์ž‘์ด
04:52
Has been going on until now
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
It's still going on
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๋ฉฐ
04:56
and will go on for a while
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ํ•œ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ„์†๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
Remember that you can refer to this tense with these two words since and for
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ since ๋ฐ for
05:07
Since indicates the exact time that the action started in the past
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Since๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋™์ž‘์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
And for tells us how long the action has been going on
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  for๋Š” ๋™์ž‘์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:19
Let's have a look at the timeline for the present perfect, and you will see that it will look very very different
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. ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์˜ ํƒ€์ž„๋ผ์ธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
Here's an action that happened in the past
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ํ–‰๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
It's a completed action at some point in the past
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์–ด๋А ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ํ–‰๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
05:37
we don't know exactly when or we don't want to say exactly when
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์–ธ์ œ์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์–ธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
What's important is that the action is complete
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
now at the time of speaking
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๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„
05:55
Right then
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05:55
Let's look at some common mistakes
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ
๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:59
You may say or hear I have waited for half an hour
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I have waited for three half an hour
06:06
Because you're still waiting
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
06:09
The action is still going on. You should use the present perfect continuous
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The action is still going on์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:15
I have been waiting for half an hour
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I have been waiting for half an hour
06:19
The action is not complete yet
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์•„์ง ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๋˜
06:24
Let's look at another example:
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:27
You may hear or say he has slept since 9 o'clock
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06:33
Once again because the action is going on, is still in progress. He is still sleeping
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์•„์ง ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. He is still sleeping
06:42
We should be using the present perfect continuous
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:46
He has been sleeping since nine o'clock
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He has been sleeping since 9 oclock
06:52
Sometimes you may make the reverse mistake
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:55
For example you may hear or say:
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋“ฃ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
06:59
Has been snowing twice this week
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ์— ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ๋ˆˆ์ด ๋‚ด๋ ธ๋‹ค
07:03
Now the word twice
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์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
07:05
means two times
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:08
Indicates two finished completed actions
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ž‘์—… ๋ˆˆ์ด
07:13
It snowed once, stopped. Is snowed again and stopped
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฉˆ์ท„์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Is snowed again and stop
07:17
It's not snowing at the moment
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋ˆˆ์ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:21
Therefore we need to use the present perfect
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:26
It has snowed twice this week
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It has snowd two this week ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด
07:31
One last example to make sure you really got the difference between these two
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๋‘˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์˜ˆ
07:38
You may say:
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
07:39
She has been writing many books
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ฑ…์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:44
It's okay to say she has been writing for many years. She is a writer
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ธ€์„ ์ผ๋‹ค๊ณ ํ•ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:50
But to say the number of books she has already written
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์™„์„ฑ๋œ ์ฑ…์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์“ด ์ฑ…์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:57
referring to completed books
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07:59
You need to use the present perfect
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:03
She has written many books
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ฑ…์„ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:08
Right
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:09
That's it for our third video
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
I hope you have found it useful as you know you can now go to our website anglo-link.com
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์ด์ œ ์ €ํฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ anglo-link.com์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ
08:18
To read the explanations and do the exercises that will help you review this point
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์„ค๋ช…์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์ด ์ ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
08:25
Thank you very much for watching and I'll see you in the next video. Bye now
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์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์•ˆ๋…•
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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