Articles: a, an, the | English Grammar Lesson | B1-Intermediate

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:04
Hello and welcome everyone to today's lesson,ย  which is about Articles. Let me share my screenย ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:11
so you can see the lesson. As you know, there areย  two types of Articles; Indefinite. That's 'a' orย ย 
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์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ. 'a' ๋˜๋Š”
00:18
'an'. And Definite. Article 'the'. Mistakes withย  these articles are very common for speakers of allย ย 
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'an'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ 'the'. ์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์–ธ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๋ฉฐ
00:26
languages, and can go both ways. One mistake canย  be dropping an article when it's needed. Or otherย ย 
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์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
00:35
type of mistake is using an article when it's notย  needed. Fortunately, these mistakes don't usuallyย ย 
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์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
00:42
affect the clarity of your message, so you canย  relax about them. With enough revision, practice,ย ย 
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๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์˜ ๋ช…ํ™•์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์•ˆ์‹ฌํ•˜์…”๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ •, ์—ฐ์Šต
00:50
and exposure to their correct usage, that'sย  particularly important exposure to correct usage,ย ย 
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๋ฐ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ธ์ถœ, ์ด๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ
00:56
you will build the necessary reflexes toย  use them correctly yourself. So, today'sย ย 
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜
01:03
lesson is a bit of a revision as you will haveย  probably seen my other lessons on Articles. So,ย ย 
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๊ฐ•์˜๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜
01:08
let's get started by looking at the basic rulesย  of Articles. Right, as you know, Articles alwaysย ย 
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ , ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๊ด€์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ
01:17
come before nouns. Now, we have different typesย  of nouns so let's start by looking at singularย ย 
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๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜• ์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜
01:24
countable nouns. We use 'a' or 'an', and these areย  Indefinite Articles before a singular countableย ย 
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์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'a' ๋˜๋Š” 'an'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •๊ด€์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:32
noun when we mention it for the first time. Weย  use 'a' if the word starts with a consonant sound,ย ย 
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. ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ž์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด 'a'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ,
01:40
and we use 'an' if the word starts with a vowelย  sound. So for example: I watched a documentaryย ย 
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๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด 'an'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด: ์ €๋Š” ์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:48
last night. But I spoke to an architect last week.ย  A little note here important note, be careful withย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€์™€ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด์–ด์š”. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ž‘์€ ์ฐธ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํ•ญ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฐธ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€
01:58
words that start with the letter 'U'. If 'U' isย  pronounced as the way I said it 'U', then useย ย 
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๋ฌธ์ž 'U'๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์— ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. 'U'๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ 'U'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:07
'a' not 'an'. So, a university, a unanimous vote.ย  And if it's pronounced as a so as 'uh' a vowel,ย ย 
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'an'์ด ์•„๋‹Œ 'a'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์€ ๋งŒ์žฅ์ผ์น˜๋กœ ํˆฌํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'uh'๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:16
then of course you will use 'an'. Right, so that'sย  for singular countable nouns when we mention themย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก  'an'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:25
for the first time. Now, if we mention this nounย  again, the Article changes to 'the'. It becomesย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ด€์‚ฌ๋Š” 'the'๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
the Definite Article. so our first sentence: Iย  watched a documentary last night. The documentaryย ย 
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์ •๊ด€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ดค์–ด์š”. ๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
02:40
was about electric cars. I spoke to an architectย  last week. I asked the architect for advice.ย ย 
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์ „๊ธฐ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
Alright, so now let's look at the rules for pluralย  nouns. So, if the noun is plural, 'a' 'an' changesย ย 
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 'a' 'an'์€
03:01
to 'a number' or 'a quantifier'. So: I watchedย  two documentaries. Some documentaries. Several,ย ย 
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'a number' ๋˜๋Š” 'a qualifier'๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: ๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‘ ํŽธ์„ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€,
03:09
a number of, many documentaries. Pluralย  noun. And again, if we mention this pluralย ย 
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ. ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ด ๋ณต์ˆ˜
03:16
noun again, the article changes to 'the': Theย  documentaries were about electric cars. So,ย ย 
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ฉด โ€‹โ€‹๊ด€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ 'the'๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. The ๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
03:24
the rules are simple. I think you haveย  heard them and used them many times. So,ย ย 
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๊ทœ์น™์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ,
03:29
let's see where the common mistakes come from.ย  Looking at common mistake number one is droppingย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
03:37
'a' or 'an' before a singular countable noun. Andย  this usually happens when you don't have this typeย ย 
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๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์— 'a' ๋˜๋Š” 'an'์„ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ ๋œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ญ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋  ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:44
of article in your own language or you're allowedย  to drop it. But in English, a singular countableย ย 
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
03:52
noun never appears on its own. We can neverย  have a sentence like: She is architect. Or:ย ย 
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. She is Architect. ๋˜๋Š”:
03:59
I was speaking to neighbour. You need an articleย  before a singular countable noun. In this case,ย ย 
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์ด์›ƒ๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์—๋Š” ๊ด€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
04:07
it's the first time we're mentioning architectย  or neighbour. It's the Indefinite Article: Sheย ย 
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๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ์ด์›ƒ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ถ€์ •๊ด€์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
04:13
is an architect. I was speaking to a neighbour.ย  Of course, there are other words that can comeย ย 
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๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด์›ƒ๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก 
04:21
before a singular countable noun instead of 'a' orย  'an'. I just said they are never alone. It's 'a'ย ย 
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๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์— 'a'๋‚˜ 'an' ๋Œ€์‹  ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ํ˜ผ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'a'
04:28
or 'an'. Or, you can also use a possessiveย  pronoun like 'my' or 'your' or 'his'. Or,ย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” 'an'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” 'my', 'your' ๋˜๋Š” 'his'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”
04:34
a singular determinant 'this', 'that', 'another'.ย  You can say: I was speaking to my neighbour. Or:ย ย 
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๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ํ–‰๋ ฌ์‹ '์ด๊ฒƒ', '์ €๊ฒƒ', '๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.ย  ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด์›ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”:
04:42
I was speaking to another neighbour. Right, soย  are there any cases where we can or must dropย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์›ƒ๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
'a' or 'an'. And I think you know the answer. Yes!ย  With or before uncountable nouns because that'sย ย 
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'a' ๋˜๋Š” 'an'์„ ์‚ญ์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ญ์ œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‹ต์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ! ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์•ž์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
04:59
another type of noun in English that you areย  familiar with. Words like 'water', 'information',ย ย 
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๊ท€ํ•˜์—๊ฒŒ ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์˜์–ด์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . '๋ฌผ', '์ •๋ณด',
05:06
'advice'. They look singular, but in fact theyย  are uncountable nouns. So for example: I asked theย ย 
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'์กฐ์–ธ'๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ €๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:14
architect for advice. In this case, we cannot useย  'a' or 'an'. But you can use a possessive pronoun,ย ย 
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. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 'a' ๋˜๋Š” 'an'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์—๋Š” ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ,
05:23
a suitable determiner, or a suitable quantifierย  before an uncountable noun. You can say:ย ย 
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์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ•œ์ •์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
I asked the architect for his advice, or forย  some advice. So, this is common mistake oneย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Š”
05:38
to do with the Indefinite Articles 'a' or 'an'.ย  Now, let's look at common mistake number two,ย ย 
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๋ถ€์ •๊ด€์‚ฌ 'a' ๋˜๋Š” 'an'๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํ”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ •๊ด€์‚ฌ 'the'๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ 2๋ฒˆ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:46
which relates to dropping the Definite Articleย  'the'. And the mistake here is dropping 'the'ย ย 
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. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ํŠน์ • ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๋•Œ 'the'๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:54
when you are referring to a specific noun.ย  For example saying: Documentaries I watched.ย ย 
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ.
06:00
When you say documentaries I watched, we knowย  which documentaries you're referring to. Theseย ย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”
06:06
are specific. You must use the Definite Article:ย  The documentaries I watched were about electricย ย 
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๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๊ด€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:14
cars. And again of course, it doesn't have toย  be 'the', but we need something. It can be aย ย 
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. ๋ฌผ๋ก  'the'์ผ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”
06:22
possessive pronoun, it can be plural determinersย  (these, those, other). Or, it can be a quantifierย ย 
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์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜• ํ•œ์ •์‚ฌ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค (์ด๊ฒƒ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค, ๊ธฐํƒ€). ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์‚ฌ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
as we can count some, a few, several. We canย  say: I watched those documentaries last week. Or:ย ย 
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ, ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ์— ๊ทธ ๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”:
06:37
I watched other documentaries last week. So, isย  there a case when we must drop 'the'? And thereย ย 
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์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด 'the'๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
06:47
is definitely! And that's when we refer to objectsย  or people in general. When we are not referring toย ย 
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ง€์นญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
a specific group of objects, or people, or person.ย  So for example: The documentaries I watched. Weย ย 
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ํŠน์ • ๊ฐœ์ฒด ๊ทธ๋ฃน, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด: ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
07:04
know which documentaries we're talking about.ย  Were about electric cars. Now, we don't needย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
07:11
'the' because we're talking about all electricย  cars. Not specific ones. Or in another sentence:ย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 'the'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด:
07:20
Architects don't earn more than accountants. Weย  don't need 'the' before architects and accountantsย ย 
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๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€์™€ ํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌ ์•ž์— 'the'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
because we're talking about all architects allย  accountants. Not specific ones that we haveย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€์™€ ํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:34
already mentioned or we know we're talking about.ย  It's the same, so these are plural nouns. It's theย ย 
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์ด๋ฏธ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์ผํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์…€
07:41
same with uncountable nouns. It's sometimesย  necessary to seek advice. Advice in general.ย ย 
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์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์กฐ์–ธ.
07:49
Not a specific advice. Okay, so now we come toย  common mistake three. There are are some specialย ย 
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๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์กฐ์–ธ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์ด์ œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
cases in English, some special structures, someย  special nouns, that require the Definite Articleย ย 
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์˜์–ด์—๋Š” ์ •๊ด€์‚ฌ 'the'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ, ํŠน์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:08
'the'. You just need to know them. I have listedย  here seven of such cases. This list may not beย ย 
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. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์ค‘ 7๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜์—ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
08:15
exhaustive but it's pretty complete. So youย  just need to remember these. Case number one:ย ย 
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๊ฝค ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ชฉ๋ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ 1:
08:22
when there is only one of something. So, the UKย  Government. Not UK Government. Right, we needย ย 
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ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ. ์˜๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ,
08:29
'the' in a case like this. The French President.ย  Case two: before collective nouns created fromย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 'the'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น. ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 2: ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž
08:37
an adjective. The elderly, the privileged. Right,ย  case number three: before superlative adjectives.ย ย 
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. ๋…ธ์ธ, ํŠน๊ถŒ์ธต. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ์ตœ์ƒ๊ธ‰ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์•ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
The highest, the most valuable. Before theย  structure the specific structure in English,ย ย 
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ. ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์•ž์—๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:54
which is the more the more. For example: Theย  sooner the better. Case number five: before namesย ย 
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. ์˜ˆ: ๋น ๋ฅผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ 5:
09:02
of some countries, some geographical features, andย  some organisations. Not all but occasionally. Forย ย 
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€, ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง€๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์ง• ๋ฐ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„ ์•ž์—. ์ „๋ถ€๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋”์”ฉ.
09:09
example, The Netherlands, The Red Sea, The Unitedย  Nations, or even if you abbreviate the name:ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ, ํ™ํ•ด, ์œ ์—” ๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ถ•์•ฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„
09:17
The UN. Case six: before ordinal numbers. So, theย  third page, the 11th of June. And finally, beforeย ย 
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UN์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 6: ์„œ์ˆ˜ ์ด์ „. ์ฆ‰, ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์ธ 6์›” 11์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
09:29
decades: The 1960s, The 60s. Right, so are thereย  cases when we must drop 'the'? Naturally, yes!ย ย 
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ์ „์ธ 1960๋…„๋Œ€, 60๋…„๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ , 'the'๋ฅผ ๋นผ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ !
09:40
Again these are specific cases to remember. Threeย  important ones: before names, people, companies,ย ย 
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€: ์ด๋ฆ„, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ํšŒ์‚ฌ,
09:48
most countries. For example: President Kennedy.ย  No 'the' here. IBM. No 'the' here. Brazil. Noย ย 
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์•ž์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด: ์ผ€๋„ค๋”” ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” 'the'๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. IBM. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” 'the'๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ. ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”
09:57
'the'. Second case: before cardinal numbers. Notย  the page three, but page three. Day 11. Also,ย ย 
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'the'. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ: ๊ธฐ์ˆ˜ ์•ž. 3ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ 3ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 11์ผ์ฐจ. ๋˜ํ•œ
10:07
before sports, subjects, and meals. Not theย  gymnastics, but gymnastics. Geography, dinner. So,ย ย 
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์Šคํฌ์ธ , ๊ณผ๋ชฉ, ์‹์‚ฌ ์ „. ์ฒด์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฒด์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ฆฌํ•™, ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ,
10:18
I hope that's given you an overview, a revisionย  of the cases where we must use these articles andย ย 
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์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
10:25
when we mustn't. Again as I said, it's all aboutย  revision, practice, and exposure to these articlesย ย 
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ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์š”, ๊ฐœ์ •์ด ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์ •, ์—ฐ์Šต ๋ฐ ๋…ธ์ถœ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:32
being used correctly. So, be patient. As I said,ย  your message will still be clear if you make a fewย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋„ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
10:39
mistakes, and gradually they will become reflexiveย  in your own usage. Before we end, I just want toย ย 
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์ ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋ฐ˜์˜๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์น˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
10:47
talk a little bit about pronunciation, startingย  with the pronunciation of 'a' and 'an'. As theseย ย 
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'a'์™€ 'an'์˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ
10:55
words start with a vowel sound, they're usuallyย  phonetically linked to the word before them.ย ย 
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๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ž์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ์Œ์„ฑํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
And also, because they're grammatical words, theย  letter 'a' in these words is pronounced as a veryย ย 
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๋˜ํ•œ, ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ž 'a'๋Š”
11:10
short sound called the schwa, which is uh. Not onย  their own, so I can say: a, an. But in a sentence,ย ย 
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์Šˆ์™€(schhwa)๋ผ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์งง์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฏ€ ๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ
11:19
we don't say: This is a controversial topic.ย  We say: This is a controversial topic. This isย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋…ผ๋ž€์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋…ผ๋ž€์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
11:26
a. Is-a. So, it's connected to the 'z', and it'sย  reduced to schwa. In the case of 'an', there is aย ย 
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. Is-a. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 'z'์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด schwa๋กœ ์ถ•์†Œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'an'์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
11:36
phonetic link to the word after it as well. So,ย  we don't say: This is an interesting topic. Itย ย 
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๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์Œ์„ฑ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ฃผ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
all runs. It's: This is-an. This is-an interestingย  topic. Because of this, 'a' and 'an' are difficultย ย 
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์‹คํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€: ์ด๊ฒƒ์€-an์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 'a'์™€ 'an'์€
11:54
to hear clearly when you listen to English. Youย  can only see them clearly when you read. That'sย ย 
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์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ์„ ๋•Œ๋งŒ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
12:01
why it's not easy to activate them to get a lot ofย  good usage examples if you only listen. You needย ย 
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๋“ฃ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์–ป๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉดย ย  ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:08
to see them. More or less the same thing withย  'the'. 'The' is pronounced differently before aย ย 
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. 'the'๋„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'the'๋Š”
12:15
consonant and a vowel sound. Before a consonantย  sound, it's pronounced as 'the'. Again, we haveย ย 
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์ž์Œ๊ณผ ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์•ž์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์Œ ์•ž์—์„œ๋Š” 'the'๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
12:21
the little schwa sound. The show, the book. Andย  before a vowel sound, it's pronounced as 'the'.ย ย 
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์ž‘์€ ์Šˆ์™€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‡ผ, ์ฑ…. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์•ž์—์„œ๋Š” 'the'๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
The actor, the end. So finally, it becomes evenย  difficult to hear the difference between 'uh' andย ย 
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๋ฐฐ์šฐ, ๋. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ '์–ด'์™€ 'the'์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:39
'the'. Why? Because both of them end in the schwaย  sound. 'Uh'. 'Uh', 'the'. And because 'uh' a,ย ย 
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. ์™œ? ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์Šˆ์™€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ  . '์Œ'. '์–ด', '๊ทธ'. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'uh' a,ย ย ๋Š”
12:48
is always linked to the sound before it,ย  it's really hard to hear the difference inย ย 
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ ์•ž์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—ย  ์˜์–ด ๊ตฌ์–ด ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:53
spoken English. For example, can you reallyย  hear the difference between: I watch a showย ย 
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์‡ผ๋ฅผ ๋ณธ๋‹ค(I watch a show)
12:59
and I watched the show? I read the two sentences,ย  and they sound almost identical: I watched a show.ย ย 
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์™€ ์‡ผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค(I watch the show)์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‡ผ๋ฅผ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:08
I watched the show. So, I think you're beginningย  to see where I'm going with this. If you're usingย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์‡ผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ผ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์‹  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
a lot of audio materials to work on your English,ย  it's difficult to get exposure to correct usage.ย ย 
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์˜์–ด ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜ค๋””์˜ค ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:24
You can't hear what was that an 'a'? Was itย  an 'an' 'the'? They all sound very similar.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ 'a'์ธ์ง€ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”? 'an' 'the'์˜€๋‚˜์š”? ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
So, what you need to do if you want toย  activate these more quickly is to do occasionalย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ€๋”์”ฉ
13:35
transcription exercises. Or at least sometimes,ย  not always, read the transcript to reinforce theย ย 
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๋…น์Œ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•ด ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ ์–ด๋„ ๊ฐ€๋”์€ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฝํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์–ด
13:43
correct use of these Articles. And of course,ย  writing your own texts and having your textsย ย 
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ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ง์ ‘ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ
13:49
corrected. Getting feedback on your usage is alsoย  a very good tool to activate these little things.ย ย 
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์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž‘์€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€ ๋„๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:58
I hope this has been helpful as a revision, andย  as some pointers on how to get these activatedย ย 
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์ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๊ฐœ์ •ํŒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ฉฐย ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ง€์นจ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ•์˜
14:06
in your language, and I hope to see you in theย  next lesson. I hope you've enjoyed this lesson.ย ย 
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์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์› ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:13
For more on this topic, click here. Rememberย  to also check out my complete online course,ย ย 
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์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ œ ์ „์ฒด ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ฐ•์ขŒ๋„ ๊ผญ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ณ ,
14:19
and don't forget to like and subscribe.ย  Thank you for watching, and happy studies!
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์ข‹์•„์š”์™€ ๊ตฌ๋…๋„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๋ถ€ ๋˜์„ธ์š”!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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