Advanced English Grammar: Noun Clauses

1,937,665 views ใƒป 2016-07-12

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:01
Hi. Welcome to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam.
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์•ˆ๋…•. www.engvid.com์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์•„๋‹ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:05
In today's video we're going to look at some more advanced grammar.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—์„œ๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:09
We're going to look at the noun clause. Now, you may have seen
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
00:12
my previous video where I did an introduction to subordinate clauses. Today I'm going to
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์†Œ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์ด์ „ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋Š”
00:18
look at only one, only the noun clause, get a little bit deeper into it, show you some
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๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ๋งŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊นŠ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€
00:24
examples, show you how it works, how to build it, when to use it, etc.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์ž‘๋™ ๋ฐฉ์‹, ๋นŒ๋“œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
So before we begin, let's review: What is a clause? A clause is a combination of words
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ ˆ์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ์ ˆ์€
00:35
that must contain a subject and a verb. Okay? Now, every sentence has at least one independent
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์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ด์ œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” ์ ์–ด๋„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ
00:45
clause. The noun clause is a dependent clause. Okay? I'm going to write that here. It's a dependent.
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์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์“ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์–‘๊ฐ€์กฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
What that means is that this clause cannot be a sentence by itself. It is always
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š” ์ด ์ ˆ์ด ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ
01:01
part of a sentence that contains an independent clause, but the noun clause can be part of
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๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜
01:09
the independent clause, and we're going to see that in a moment.
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
But before we do that, we also have to look at the conjunctions. Okay? So these are the
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ „์— ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:19
words... The conjunctions are the words that join the noun clause to its independent clause
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... ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
01:24
or that begin the noun clause. Okay? And again, we're going to look at examples. So these
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
01:29
are the ones you need to know: "that", "which", "who", "whom", "whose", "what", "if", "whether",
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "์ €๊ฒƒ", "์–ด๋–ค", " ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ", "๋ˆ„๊ฐ€", "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜", "๋ฌด์—‡", "๋งŒ์•ฝ", "์—ฌ๋ถ€",
01:35
"when", "where", "how", "why",
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"์–ธ์ œ", "์–ด๋””์—", "์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ", "์™œ",
01:37
and then: "whoever", "whomever", "whenever", "wherever", "whatever", "whichever".
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"๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“ ์ง€", "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“ ์ง€", "์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€", "์–ด๋””์„œ๋“ ์ง€", "๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ ", "์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์ด๋“ ".
01:43
These can all be conjunctions. Now, you have to be careful with a few of
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:48
them. Some of these can also be conjunctions to adjective clauses, which will be a different
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. ์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š”
01:54
video lesson entirely. And you also have to remember that this clause in particular: "that",
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๋  ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์ ˆ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŠนํžˆ "that"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด ์ ˆ์ด
02:02
is quite often removed. Means it's understood to be there, it's implied, but we don't actually
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๊ฝค ์ž์ฃผ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ด๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ  ์•”์‹œ์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„
02:09
have to write it or say it when we're using the noun clause. And again, we're going to
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์“ฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ
02:13
look at examples of that.
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๊ทธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
Another thing to remember is that only some of these can be both the conjunction, the
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋งŒ์ด ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ,
02:21
thing that starts the clause, and the subject of the clause. So, for example:
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์ ˆ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
02:26
"which" can be the subject, "who" can be the subject,
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"which"๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , "who"๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, "
02:30
"whom" is always an object, never a subject,
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whom"์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฐ์ฒด์ด์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ,
02:33
and "what" can be the subject. "Who", "whoever", "whatever", "whichever" can also be subjects.
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"what"์ด ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "Who", "whoever", "whatever", "whichever"๋„ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
So I'm going to put an "s" for these. Okay? So it's very important to remember these because
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— "s"๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ€๋” ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ์ด์ž ์ ˆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:46
sometimes you have to recognize that it is both the conjunction and the clause, and recognize
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02:53
it as a noun clause. Now, of course, it will be much easier to understand all this when
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. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด์ œ ์‹ค์ œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ์‰ฌ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:58
we see actual examples, so let's do that.
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.
03:02
Okay, so now we're going to look at when to use the noun clause and how to use the noun
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์–ธ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:07
clause. So, noun clauses have basically four uses. Okay? Or actually five, but one of them
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์šฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” 5๊ฐœ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
03:14
is similar. First of all we're going to look at it as the subject.
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๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
So, a noun clause can be the subject of a clause, of an independent clause.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์ ˆ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:27
So let's look at this example: "What she wore to the party really turned some heads." So,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:34
what is the noun clause? "What she wore to the party". Okay? So here's our conjunction,
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”? "๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ์ž…์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ". ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
03:41
here's our subject, and here's our verb. Okay? And then here's another verb. Now, remember:
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
03:49
In every sentence, you're going to have one tense verb, will have one subject that corresponds
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‹œ์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:56
to it. Here I have two tense verbs, which means I need two subjects. So the subject
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. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹œ์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
04:02
for "wore" is "she", the subject for "turned" is the entire clause. This is the noun clause
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"wore"์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” "she"์ด๊ณ  "turned"์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ์ ˆ ์ „์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
04:10
subject to this verb. Okay? Turned what? Some heads. And, here, we have the object of the
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์ด ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋ญ˜ ๋Œ๋ ธ์–ด? ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ „์ฒด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:16
whole sentence. So this sentence is essentially SVO, so we have an independent clause, but
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ SVO์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:23
the subject of the independent clause is a noun clause. So although you have one independent
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๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์–ด๋„
04:29
clause, this is still a complex sentence because we're using an independent and the subordinate,
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๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์ข…์†์ ˆ, ์ข…์†์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
04:34
and the dependent clause to build it. Now, here, the conjunction is separate from the
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๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋Š”
04:41
subject itself. We're going to look at other examples soon.
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์ฃผ์–ด ์ž์ฒด์™€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณง ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
Here: "Whoever wants to know should ask me." So, if you're not sure about what's going
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ : "์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:50
on with clauses, a good hint, a good way to understand any sentence is to first of all
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์ข‹์€ ํžŒํŠธ, ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋จผ์ €
04:56
identify the verbs. Now, it doesn't mean identify all the verbs. Identify all the tense verbs.
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๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
05:03
So in this case we have "wants", and here we have an infinitive, so this is not a tense
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” "์›ํ•˜๋‹ค"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ์ œ
05:09
verb. It's just an infinitive verb. And here we have "should ask". Now, a modal is considered
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๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— "์งˆ๋ฌธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ์€ ์‹œ์ œ
05:16
part of the tense verb, it's part of the main verb of a clause. So now I have two verbs,
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๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ ˆ์˜ ์ฃผ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
of course I need to subjects. So, here's my subject for "wants", and here
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ "์›ํ•œ๋‹ค"์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚˜์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์—ฌ๊ธฐ
05:30
is my subject
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05:33
to "should ask". Who should ask me? Whoever wants to know.
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"์š”์ฒญํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค"์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚˜์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ.
05:38
Okay? So I still have a noun clause as the subject for the main verb, and this is your object,
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ฃผ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ด๊ณ 
05:45
and "wants" also has its own object.
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"์›ํ•˜๋‹ค"๋„ ์ž์ฒด ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
So, the whole SVO, SVP, SVA applies whether you're in a dependent clause
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ „์ฒด SVO, SVP, SVA๋Š” ์ข…์†์ ˆ์— ์žˆ๋“ 
05:54
or whether you're in an independent clause. And if your noun clause is part of the independent
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๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์— ์žˆ๋“  ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„
05:59
clause, all the rules still apply. Think of this as one subject with its verb and object.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
06:05
Here's your subject, verb, and object, and they work together. So, noun clause as subject.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ด๋ฉฐ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
Now, we're going to look at the next example. Here we have noun clause as object,
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด
06:19
or subject complement.
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๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด ๋ณด์–ด๋กœ์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
Just to refresh your memory: An object answers the question what or whom about
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๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ๋˜์‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด: ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด what ๋˜๋Š” who๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:32
the verb. A subject complement answers what or whom about the subject.
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. ์ฃผ์ œ ๋ณด์™„์€ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋˜๋Š” โ€‹โ€‹๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
So, let's look at the first example. So: "Please ask mom what we're having for dinner." So,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: " ์ €๋…์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋จน์„์ง€ ์—„๋งˆ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ,
06:44
what is the subject here? Of course "you", because this is an imperative. Ask who? Mom.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ฌผ๋ก  "๊ท€ํ•˜"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…๋ น์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด? ์—„๋งˆ.
06:52
This is indirect object. I hope you can see "i.o." indirect object. Now, please ask mom
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ„์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "i.o."๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด. ์ด์ œ ์—„๋งˆ์—๊ฒŒ
06:58
what? What should you ask her? What we are having for dinner. So, here we have our conjunction
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”? ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ €๋…์œผ๋กœ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ
07:08
"what", here we have our subject "we", "are having" is our verb, and "for dinner" is your
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"what"์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ฃผ์–ด "we"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "are have"๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  "for dinner"๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:15
adverb. Okay? So now this whole thing is the object... Let me try to not make it too messy,
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. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ชฉ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ... ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ง€์ €๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:23
here. Object to the verb "ask". Okay. Subject, verb, object, conjunction, subject, verb,
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. ๋™์‚ฌ "ask"์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด, ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ, ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ
07:36
and then we have our adverb there. But we're working on an object.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
Here's another example: "Do you know", so now we're looking at it as a question. And
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "Do you know", ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
07:45
this is one of the things that you have to be careful about. Noun clauses are clauses,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ์ ˆ์ด์ง€
07:50
they're not questions. So when you see the word "what" it doesn't mean necessarily that
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "๋ฌด์—‡"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:55
it's a question. A good hint, a good way to understand that it's not a question, that
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. ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ํžŒํŠธ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€
08:00
it's a noun clause is that the subject comes before the verb. In a question, the verb...
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๋™์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ...
08:07
The subject... The verb will come before the subject. "What are we having for dinner?"
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์ฃผ์–ด... ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด ์•ž์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . "์ €๋… ๋ญ ๋จน์„๊นŒ?"
08:12
Okay.
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์ข‹์•„์š”.
08:14
"Do you know if she's coming?" So: "Do you know", so "you" is the subject, "know" is
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"๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์š”?" ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "Do you know"์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ "you"๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์ด๊ณ  "know"๋Š”
08:18
the verb. Know what? So now you need an object to the verb "know", so there it is.
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๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์•Œ๊ณ ? ์ด์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ "์•Œ๋‹ค"์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
Well, without the question mark, but you understand that. "...if she is coming?" "If" is the conjunction,
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๋ฌผ์Œํ‘œ๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . "...๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์˜จ๋‹ค๋ฉด?" "If"๋Š” ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ 
08:33
subject is "she", "is coming" is your verb. And you have a full clause, and the full clause
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์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” "she"์ด๊ณ  "is coming"์€ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ ˆ์€
08:38
acts as the object to "know". So far so good.
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"์•Œ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š”" ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌํƒœ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž˜๋๋‹ค.
08:43
Now, when do we use a subject complement? Generally when we have a "be" verb as your
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์ž, ์–ธ์ œ ์ฃผ์ œ ๋ณด์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ "be" ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
08:48
main verb or any copular or linking verb, like: "seem", "appears", or "looks like".
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"seem", "appears" ๋˜๋Š” "looks like"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
These are not action verbs. They're just situation verbs, and so we use them like a "be" verb,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™์ž‘ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋™์‚ฌ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋“ฑํ˜ธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ "be" ๋™์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:00
like an equal sign. And we're talking about the subject.
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
So: "Paul isn't..." So, "Paul" is your subject, "is not" is your verb. Is not what?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "Paul isn't..." ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "Paul"์€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ด๊ณ  "is not"์€ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ญ์ง€?
09:14
"...what is generally considered handsome." Subject, verb, verb, split up. Okay? "Considered handsome"
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"...์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜์ƒ๊ฒผ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ." ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋™์‚ฌ, ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์ง€๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? "๋ฏธ๋‚จ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ"๋Š”
09:23
is what?
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๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:25
The object to "considered". But... So: "is considered handsome" is the subject
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"๊ณ ๋ ค"ํ•  ๊ฐœ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ... ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "์ž˜์ƒ๊ธด ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ
09:32
complement, tells you about Paul. Paul is like not handsome. But not... You can't say
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๋ณด์™„์ด๋ฉฐ Paul์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Paul์€ ์ž˜ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ...
09:40
not directly handsome, just most people look at him, they wouldn't think he's a handsome
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์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜์ƒ๊ฒผ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ž˜์ƒ๊ธด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:46
person, general idea. Okay? But again, subject, verb, subject, complement. Subject, verb,
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. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ, ์ฃผ์–ด , ๋ณด์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ,
09:53
object, etc. Subject, verb, object, or whatever. As... You must understand how the independent
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๋ชฉ์ ์–ด ๋“ฑ ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด ๋“ฑ. As...
10:01
clause works in order to be able to use the noun clauses properly in their positions.
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ œ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
But so far we've looked at noun clause as subject, noun clause as object, noun clause
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ, ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋กœ, ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„
10:11
as subject complement. We still have to look at two more uses of the noun clause. Let's
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๋ณด์–ด๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์šฉ๋„๋ฅผ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
look at those now.
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
10:19
Okay, so now we're going to look at the other two types of noun clauses, or the other two
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜• ๋˜๋Š”
10:24
uses of the noun clause. The first one we're going to look at is the object again, but
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์šฉ๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
10:31
this time we're looking at the object of a preposition. So, in this case, what is a preposition?
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
10:39
Words like "for", "about", "to", so these are prepositions, and prepositions take objects.
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"for", "about", "to"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
So we can use a noun clause as an object to a preposition.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
"Sarah should not be held responsible for..." so now I'm giving you an explanation what
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"Sarah๋Š” ...์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ œ
10:57
she shouldn't be responsible for. "...for what her brother does." So, again, here's
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ฑ…์ž„์ง€์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "... ์˜ค๋น ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋‹ค์‹œ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ
11:02
your noun clause. And it is the object of "for". And the whole expression with a preposition
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ "for"์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ํ‘œํ˜„์€
11:10
is a complement to "be held responsible". I'm completing the meaning. But this is not...
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"์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€๋‹ค"๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š”...
11:17
This is where you have to be careful. It's not an object to the verb: "should not be held",
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์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "should not be hold"๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
11:22
it's an object to the preposition "for".
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ "for"์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
Here's another example, and here I'm going to have two. So sometimes remember an object...
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ€๋”์€ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”...
11:30
A sentence can have many objects, just like a noun clause can be used many times.
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋„ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
"It's more a question of..." so here's your preposition. "...of whom she said it to than..." and here's...
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"It's more a question of..." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "...๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค..." ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ...
11:44
This is another preposition. "...than why she said it." So, whom she said it to is more
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "...๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ณด๋‹ค
11:51
the thing we need to understand more than why she said it. But again, it doesn't matter
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
11:56
because here's your... Here's your first one. Here's your first noun clause. Notice I'm
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜... ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
using "whom" because it's "to whom". Okay? And: "than why she said it", so here's another
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"to who"์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— "whom"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ : "than why she said it", ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
12:09
noun clause object. Object here, object here. It doesn't matter what preposition you're
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฌผ์ฒด, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฌผ์ฒด. ์–ด๋–ค ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
12:15
using, but if it needs an object, you can use a noun clause for that.
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๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
And then we have the adjective complement. Adjective complement. So sometimes we have
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ๋ณด์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ๋ณด์™„. ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
12:27
a sentence that's complete, but then we want to give a bit more information because although
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์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
12:32
the sentence is complete, the idea is complete, it needs more information. So... I shouldn't
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์™„์ „ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ...
12:37
say that. The idea is not necessarily complete, but the sentence is complete and can stand
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์™„์ „ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์™„์ „ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:43
on its own. It's an independent.
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๋…์ž์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์†Œ์†์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
So: "I am happy", a complete sentence. "I am happy", it's a complete idea as well, but
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "๋‚˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๋‹ค", ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "I am happy", ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ง€๋งŒ,
12:51
there are many reasons to be happy, so I want to give more information to make it a more
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ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋” ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:58
complete idea. So then I can add in a noun clause with "that". Now, you notice I put
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์— "that"์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๊ด„ํ˜ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋„ฃ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:04
it between brackets. Why? Because I can take it out.
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. ์™œ? ๊บผ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.
13:08
"I am happy that you've decided to come."
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"๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ค๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ป์š”."
13:10
or: "I'm happy you've decided to come." Now, more often than not, people will take
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๋˜๋Š”: "๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ค๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ป์š”." ์ด์ œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ข…์ข…
13:17
this out. Why? Because extra words. We don't need them. You will understand it's there.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊บผ๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ? ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์–ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
Just concentrate on what I'm saying. So, again, subject, verb, "to come", object. All of this
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ, "์˜ค๋‹ค", ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด. ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด
13:30
is giving me more information about the happy. Happy why? That you've decided to come.
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ํ–‰๋ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ์ด์œ ? ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ค๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ .
13:38
"I'm unsure", "I am unsure", again, complete sentence, technically, but there's a reason
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"I'm unsure", "I am unsure"๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
13:46
you're not sure. Right? So you want to complete this idea with a noun clause.
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ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ๋กœ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:54
"I'm unsure if he's coming." Conjunction. Now, be careful, "if" is also an adverb conjunction. But this
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"๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š”์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ. ์ด์ œ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”. "if"๋„ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
14:03
is not an adverb situation, this is a noun clause, conjunction, subject, verb, that's
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๋ถ€์‚ฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ, ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ, ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:08
it. Complete clause.
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. ์ ˆ์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
14:10
Now, one last thing I want to mention: Remember I said a noun clause can be a subject, it
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์ด์ œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
14:16
can be an object, so you can have a sentence that the subject is a noun clause and the
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๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด๊ณ 
14:22
object is a noun clause. So it looks very complicated, but it's not.
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๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:27
"That she might be right",
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"๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์˜ณ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค",
14:32
this is your noun clause subject, "is" is your main verb, "what frightens me."
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ ์ฃผ์ œ์ด๊ณ , "is" ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ฃผ๋™์‚ฌ, "๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ ต๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:38
Noun clause again as subject complement. "Her being right scares me." is another way to
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์ฃผ์–ด ๋ณด์–ด๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ. "๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์˜ณ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ ต๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:45
say it. But some people like to have very fancy, very long sentences. And again, why
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ™”๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
14:51
would I write: "That she might be right is what frightens me" and not if...
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์™œ "๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์˜ณ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ ต๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ์“ฐ๊ณ 
14:56
"It's scary that she might be right." Like, with this kind of sentence. Both are okay. This one
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"๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์˜ณ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์„ญ๋‹ค." ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ. ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
15:03
will be more emphatic. People will listen to this sentence or read this sentence with
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๋” ๋‹จํ˜ธํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„
15:08
more attention, because it's long, because you started a sentence with "That" which is
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๋” ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์ฝ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์€ "That"์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:12
not very common. So you're forcing something. You're forcing the reader, if it's written,
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋…์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ธ€์„ ์ผ๋‹ค๋ฉด
15:18
to take attention, to give attention. Not very commonly used in spoken English, but
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์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ณ  ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๋„๋ก ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
15:24
it is sometimes. In written English, much more common.
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๊ฐ€๋” ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋ฉด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:28
Last sentence: "How you go about doing your work should not affect when you get it done."
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ: "์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
15:36
"How you go about doing your work", so how you work... Your... "...should not affect",
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"How you go about doing your work", ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ how you work... Your... "...should not impact",
15:44
this is your main verb. "...when you get it done." I don't care how you do your work,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฃผ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "... ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด." ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ผ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
that's not important. How you do it is how you do it. When you finish is more important
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
15:56
to me. And how you do it should have no bearing, should have no affect on when you finish it,
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๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งˆ๊ฐ์ผ์— ๋๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋๋‚ผ ๋•Œ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:02
if you finish it at the deadline. But again, we're not too worried about the meaning right
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
16:06
now, we're worried about the structure. Noun clause subject, main verb, noun clause object,
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๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด,
16:12
complete sentence. This whole thing is technically an independent clause, but again, it's considered
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์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ. ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—„๋ฐ€ํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ
16:19
a complex sentence because it uses both simp-... Sorry. Independent and dependent clauses to build it.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์ข…์†์ ˆ.
16:28
Now, I've given you a lot of information today. I know it might be a little bit confusing.
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์ž, ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ผ๋ž€ ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
Make sure that you have a bit of background. There's a good lesson I did on the sentence
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์ง€์‹์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ข‹์€ ๊ตํ›ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:39
types: simple, compound, complex, compound-complex, so four sentence types. You should review
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. ๋‹จ์ˆœ, ๋ณตํ•ฉ, ๋ณตํ•ฉ, ๋ณตํ•ฉ-๋ณตํ•ฉ, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์œ ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:46
that video, it will help a little bit with this as well. And this might also help you
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. ์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ
16:50
understand that lesson. I also did an introduction lesson to dependent clauses. If you want,
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๊ทธ ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…์†์ ˆ ์ž…๋ฌธ ์ˆ˜์—…๋„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š” . ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
16:57
you can review that. This gets a little bit more detail. Of course, I will also make videos
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๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ž์„ธํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก 
17:03
about the adjective clause and the adverb clause. They will come later, you will see
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์ƒ๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:08
those. And there's also going to be a lesson about the... Or there is a lesson about the
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ๋˜๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
17:13
independent clause, where I explain all the pieces in a little bit more detail. This is
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, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
17:18
advanced grammar, but if you're going to be writing, you need to know this stuff. And
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๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
17:25
if you have some problems reading, especially if you're taking a test, IELTS, TOEFL, CAE,
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์ฝ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํŠนํžˆ IELTS, TOEFL, CAE,
17:30
whatever test you're taking, if you're having problems with some of the readings - knowing
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์–ด๋–ค ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์น˜๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
17:34
how to identify clauses will help you a lot in understanding what is written there. Okay?
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์ ˆ์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ง„ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋งŽ์€. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
17:42
So, I hope this is all clear. I hope you like this lesson.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๋…
17:46
Please subscribe to my YouTube channel if you did.
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ํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ œ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์ด์—
17:49
If you have any questions about this, please go to www.engvid.com.
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๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด www.engvid.com์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
17:53
There's a forum there, you can ask your questions. I'll be happy to answer them. There's also
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ํฌ๋Ÿผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:57
a quiz there that you can practice, and get some more examples of noun clauses, and make
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์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋” ์–ป๊ณ ,
18:02
sure you understand them.
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์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:04
And of course, come back, get a lot more great lessons at engVid,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ engVid์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ 
18:08
and see you again soon. Bye-bye.
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๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ๋…•.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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