How we can build AI to help humans, not hurt us | Margaret Mitchell

81,177 views ・ 2018-03-12

TED


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I work on helping computers communicate about the world around us.
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There are a lot of ways to do this,
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and I like to focus on helping computers
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to talk about what they see and understand.
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Given a scene like this,
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a modern computer-vision algorithm
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can tell you that there's a woman and there's a dog.
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It can tell you that the woman is smiling.
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It might even be able to tell you that the dog is incredibly cute.
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I work on this problem
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thinking about how humans understand and process the world.
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The thoughts, memories and stories
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that a scene like this might evoke for humans.
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All the interconnections of related situations.
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Maybe you've seen a dog like this one before,
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or you've spent time running on a beach like this one,
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and that further evokes thoughts and memories of a past vacation,
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past times to the beach,
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times spent running around with other dogs.
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One of my guiding principles is that by helping computers to understand
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what it's like to have these experiences,
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to understand what we share and believe and feel,
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then we're in a great position to start evolving computer technology
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in a way that's complementary with our own experiences.
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So, digging more deeply into this,
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a few years ago I began working on helping computers to generate human-like stories
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from sequences of images.
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So, one day,
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I was working with my computer to ask it what it thought about a trip to Australia.
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It took a look at the pictures, and it saw a koala.
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It didn't know what the koala was,
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but it said it thought it was an interesting-looking creature.
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Then I shared with it a sequence of images about a house burning down.
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It took a look at the images and it said,
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"This is an amazing view! This is spectacular!"
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It sent chills down my spine.
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It saw a horrible, life-changing and life-destroying event
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and thought it was something positive.
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I realized that it recognized the contrast,
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the reds, the yellows,
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and thought it was something worth remarking on positively.
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And part of why it was doing this
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was because most of the images I had given it
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were positive images.
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That's because people tend to share positive images
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when they talk about their experiences.
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When was the last time you saw a selfie at a funeral?
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I realized that, as I worked on improving AI
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task by task, dataset by dataset,
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that I was creating massive gaps,
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holes and blind spots in what it could understand.
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And while doing so,
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I was encoding all kinds of biases.
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Biases that reflect a limited viewpoint,
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limited to a single dataset --
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biases that can reflect human biases found in the data,
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such as prejudice and stereotyping.
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I thought back to the evolution of the technology
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that brought me to where I was that day --
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how the first color images
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were calibrated against a white woman's skin,
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meaning that color photography was biased against black faces.
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And that same bias, that same blind spot
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continued well into the '90s.
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And the same blind spot continues even today
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in how well we can recognize different people's faces
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in facial recognition technology.
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I though about the state of the art in research today,
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where we tend to limit our thinking to one dataset and one problem.
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And that in doing so, we were creating more blind spots and biases
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that the AI could further amplify.
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I realized then that we had to think deeply
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about how the technology we work on today looks in five years, in 10 years.
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Humans evolve slowly, with time to correct for issues
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in the interaction of humans and their environment.
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In contrast, artificial intelligence is evolving at an incredibly fast rate.
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And that means that it really matters
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that we think about this carefully right now --
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that we reflect on our own blind spots,
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our own biases,
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and think about how that's informing the technology we're creating
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and discuss what the technology of today will mean for tomorrow.
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CEOs and scientists have weighed in on what they think
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the artificial intelligence technology of the future will be.
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Stephen Hawking warns that
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"Artificial intelligence could end mankind."
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Elon Musk warns that it's an existential risk
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and one of the greatest risks that we face as a civilization.
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Bill Gates has made the point,
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"I don't understand why people aren't more concerned."
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But these views --
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they're part of the story.
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The math, the models,
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the basic building blocks of artificial intelligence
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are something that we call access and all work with.
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We have open-source tools for machine learning and intelligence
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that we can contribute to.
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And beyond that, we can share our experience.
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We can share our experiences with technology and how it concerns us
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and how it excites us.
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We can discuss what we love.
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We can communicate with foresight
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about the aspects of technology that could be more beneficial
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or could be more problematic over time.
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If we all focus on opening up the discussion on AI
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with foresight towards the future,
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this will help create a general conversation and awareness
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about what AI is now,
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what it can become
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and all the things that we need to do
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in order to enable that outcome that best suits us.
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We already see and know this in the technology that we use today.
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We use smart phones and digital assistants and Roombas.
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Are they evil?
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Maybe sometimes.
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Are they beneficial?
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Yes, they're that, too.
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And they're not all the same.
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And there you already see a light shining on what the future holds.
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The future continues on from what we build and create right now.
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We set into motion that domino effect
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that carves out AI's evolutionary path.
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In our time right now, we shape the AI of tomorrow.
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Technology that immerses us in augmented realities
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bringing to life past worlds.
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Technology that helps people to share their experiences
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when they have difficulty communicating.
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Technology built on understanding the streaming visual worlds
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used as technology for self-driving cars.
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Technology built on understanding images and generating language,
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evolving into technology that helps people who are visually impaired
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be better able to access the visual world.
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And we also see how technology can lead to problems.
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We have technology today
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that analyzes physical characteristics we're born with --
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such as the color of our skin or the look of our face --
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in order to determine whether or not we might be criminals or terrorists.
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We have technology that crunches through our data,
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even data relating to our gender or our race,
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in order to determine whether or not we might get a loan.
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All that we see now
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is a snapshot in the evolution of artificial intelligence.
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Because where we are right now,
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is within a moment of that evolution.
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That means that what we do now will affect what happens down the line
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and in the future.
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If we want AI to evolve in a way that helps humans,
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then we need to define the goals and strategies
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that enable that path now.
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What I'd like to see is something that fits well with humans,
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with our culture and with the environment.
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Technology that aids and assists those of us with neurological conditions
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or other disabilities
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in order to make life equally challenging for everyone.
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Technology that works
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regardless of your demographics or the color of your skin.
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And so today, what I focus on is the technology for tomorrow
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and for 10 years from now.
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AI can turn out in many different ways.
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But in this case,
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it isn't a self-driving car without any destination.
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This is the car that we are driving.
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We choose when to speed up and when to slow down.
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We choose if we need to make a turn.
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We choose what the AI of the future will be.
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There's a vast playing field
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of all the things that artificial intelligence can become.
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It will become many things.
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And it's up to us now,
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in order to figure out what we need to put in place
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to make sure the outcomes of artificial intelligence
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are the ones that will be better for all of us.
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Thank you.
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(Applause)
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