Basic English Grammar Course | Present Perfect Tense | Learn and Practice

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi, everyone.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
00:01
I'm Esther.
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์ €๋Š” ์—์Šค๋”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:02
In this video, I'm going to introduce the present perfect tense.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:07
This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past,
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜
00:11
but when it happened is not very important or itโ€™s unknown.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์–ธ์ œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
It can also be used to talk about an action that started in the past and continues in
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ
00:22
the present.
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ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
We really want to emphasize how long that action has been happening.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
And finally, we use this tense to talk about a recent action.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:33
There's a lot to learn and a lot of important information, so keep watching.
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๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งŽ๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋„ ๋งŽ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ณ„์† ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
00:42
Let's talk about one usage of the present perfect tense.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์šฉ๋ก€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค .
00:45
This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past.
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:50
But when it happened is not important or not known.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์–ธ์ œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
However, this action is important to the conversation right now.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์ด ์ž‘์—…์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋Œ€ํ™”์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:01
Let's take a look at some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
The first one says, โ€˜I have been to Canada.โ€™
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” 'I have been to Canada'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
What we do here is we start with the subject, โ€˜Iโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ 'I'๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:12
For โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™, and โ€˜theyโ€™, we follow with โ€˜haveโ€™.
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'๋‚˜', '๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์€ ๋’ค์— 'have'๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
After that we use the past participle of the verb.
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๊ทธ ํ›„์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:21
In this case, the verb is โ€˜beโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'be'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
And so the past participle is โ€˜beenโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” 'been'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
โ€˜I have been to Canada.โ€™
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'I have been to Canada.'
01:29
The next sentence says, โ€˜My cousins have seen the movie.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๋‚ด ์‚ฌ์ดŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ดค๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
My cousins is a โ€˜theyโ€™.
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๋‚ด ์‚ฌ์ดŒ๋“ค์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
And so again, we follow with โ€˜haveโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ 'have'๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
And the past participle of see is โ€˜seenโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  see์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” '๋ณธ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
โ€˜They have seen the movie.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.'
01:46
Or โ€˜My cousins have seen the movie.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '๋‚ด ์‚ฌ์ดŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.'
01:48
The next example says, โ€˜Chad has gone home.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” 'Chad๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
Chad is a โ€˜heโ€™.
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Chad๋Š” '๊ทธ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
For โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, โ€˜itโ€™, we follow with โ€˜hasโ€™.
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'๊ทธ', '๊ทธ๋…€', '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์€ ๋’ค์— '๊ฐ€์ง€๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
Then, the past participle โ€˜goneโ€™ is for the verb โ€˜goโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ 'gone'์€ ๋™์‚ฌ 'go'๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
โ€˜Chad has gone home.โ€™
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'์ฑ„๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ”์–ด.'
02:09
And finally, โ€˜My phone has been fixed.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋“œ๋””์–ด '๋‚ด ํฐ ๊ณ ์ณค์–ด.'
02:12
My phone is an โ€˜itโ€™.
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๋‚ด ํฐ์€ '์ž‡'์ด์•ผ.
02:15
Therefore, I use โ€˜hasโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '์žˆ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
And then I need the past participle of โ€˜beโ€™ โ€“ โ€˜beenโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'be' โ€“ 'been'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:21
โ€˜My phone has been fixed.โ€™
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'ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์ด ๊ณ ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
02:25
Let's move on to the next usage.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:27
The present perfect tense is also used to describe an action that started in the past
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ๋™์ž‘์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:33
and continues in the present.
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.
02:35
โ€˜forโ€™ and sinceโ€™ are common expressions used with the present perfect tense.
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'for'์™€ since'๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
Let's take a look at these examples.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
โ€˜I have worked there since 2002.โ€™
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'์ €๋Š” 2002๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
02:48
You'll notice we start with the subject.
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์ฃผ์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
If it's โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™ or โ€˜weโ€™, we have โ€˜haveโ€™.
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'๋‚˜', '๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'๋ผ๋ฉด ' ์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
Then the past participle of the verb.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ.
02:58
In this case - โ€˜workedโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ - '์ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค'.
03:00
What you'll notice here is that we also have โ€˜since 2002โ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ 'since 2002'๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
This shows when the action started, so with the expression โ€˜sinceโ€™, you need to use
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์•ก์…˜์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ์‹œ์ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'since'๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์€
03:11
a specific point in time.
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ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
The next example does the same thing.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ์ œ๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
โ€˜You have had a car since last year.โ€™
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'๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ž‘๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
03:19
Again, we use โ€˜sinceโ€™, so we have a specific point in time - โ€˜last yearโ€™.
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๋‹ค์‹œ 'since'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ '์ž‘๋…„'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
Take a look at the next example.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
03:29
โ€˜Anna has liked him for weeks.โ€™
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'Anna๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
03:32
In this case the subject is โ€˜Annaโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'Anna'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
Which is a โ€˜sheโ€™, and so we use โ€˜hasโ€™.
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'she'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'has'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
Then the past participle โ€˜likedโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” '์ข‹์•„์š”'.
03:41
However, at the end of the sentence, we see โ€˜for weeksโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋์— 'for weeks'๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
Not โ€˜since weeksโ€™.
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'๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ์ดํ›„'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
When we use โ€˜forโ€™, we talk about the duration.
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'for'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
We explain how long this action has been true.
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์ด ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
And finally, โ€˜We have eaten lunch here for 3 months.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 3๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค' .
04:01
Again, the sentence ends with โ€˜for 3 monthsโ€™.
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๋˜ '3๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ'์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋๋‚œ๋‹ค.
04:05
So we show the duration.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
Let's move on to the next usage.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:11
In addition, the present perfect tense can be used to describe an action that recently
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ฉˆ์ถ˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:17
stopped.
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.
04:18
Letโ€™s take a look at some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
โ€˜I have just been to the doctor,โ€™
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'I have just been to the doctor,'
04:23
So just like for all the other usages, we start with the subject,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์šฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด
04:27
โ€˜haveโ€™ or โ€˜hasโ€™, and the past participle.
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'have' ๋˜๋Š” 'has'์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
But you'll notice here, I used the word โ€˜justโ€™ between โ€˜haveโ€™ and the verb.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ 'have'์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์— 'just'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
โ€˜I have just been to the doctor.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์˜์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.'
04:41
This shows that it happened very recently.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ž„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
The next example says, โ€˜James has just seen his new baby.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” 'James has just saw his new baby'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
Again, just goes in between โ€˜haveโ€™ or โ€˜hasโ€™ and the verb.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 'have' ๋˜๋Š” 'has'์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
Take a look at the next example.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
04:58
It says, โ€˜She has already been to China.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ์“ฐ์—ฌ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '
05:02
โ€˜alreadyโ€™ is another word you can use to show that this action recently happened.
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์ด๋ฏธ'๋Š” ์ด ํ–‰๋™์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
However, โ€˜alreadyโ€™ can also be moved to the end of the sentence.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ '์ด๋ฏธ'๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
So it's perfectly fine to say, โ€˜She has been to China already.โ€™
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ '๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ๋‹ค๋…€์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
And in the last example, โ€˜We have recently visited Tom.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— Tom์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:24
Again, you can put this word between โ€˜haveโ€™ or โ€˜hasโ€™ and the verb.
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. ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ 'have' ๋˜๋Š” 'has'์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
Or you can also put it at the end of the sentence.
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๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋์— ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
โ€˜We have visited Tom recently.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— Tom์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ
05:37
Let's move on.
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๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ
05:38
Let's take a look at the negative form of the present perfect tense.
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์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:42
Here are some examples.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
05:44
The first one says, โ€˜I have not been to Europe.โ€™
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” 'I have not been to Europe'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
What you'll notice in the first sentence is that we simply put a 'not' between โ€˜haveโ€™
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ 'have'์™€ 'been' ์‚ฌ์ด์— 'not'์„ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:54
and โ€˜beenโ€™.
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. '
05:55
โ€˜I have not been to Europe.โ€™
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I have not been to Europe.'
05:59
You can also use a contraction and say โ€˜I haven't been to Europe.โ€™
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 'I haven't been to Europe'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
The next sentence says, โ€˜It has not rained for 3 months.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ' 3๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:10
Again, we put the โ€˜notโ€™ between the โ€˜hasโ€™ and the verb.
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. ๋‹ค์‹œ 'not'์„ ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์žˆ๋‹ค' ์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด.
06:15
โ€˜It has not rained for 3 months.โ€™
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'3๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
06:19
Here we have a time expression to show the duration.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:22
The next example says, โ€˜Teddy hasn't driven for 2 years.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” 'Teddy๋Š” 2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์šด์ „์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:29
We used the contraction here for โ€˜hasโ€™ and โ€˜notโ€™ โ€“ โ€˜hasn'tโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'has' ์™€ 'not' โ€“ 'hasn't'์— ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
And then we use the time expression โ€˜for 2 yearsโ€™ at the end of the sentence.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋์— 'for 2 years'๋ผ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:41
And finally, the last sentence says, โ€˜My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๋‚ด ์•„๋“ค๋“ค์€ 2010๋…„ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
We see another contraction here for โ€˜have notโ€™ โ€“ โ€˜haven'tโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 'have not' โ€“ 'haven't'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
โ€˜My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„๋“ค๋“ค์€ 2010๋…„ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
06:58
This time expression uses โ€˜sinceโ€™.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” 'since'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
And so we mention a specific point and time.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
07:06
Now let's take a look at the โ€˜haveโ€™ or โ€˜hasโ€™ question form of the present perfect
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ 'have' ๋˜๋Š” 'has' ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:11
tense.
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.
07:13
Take a look at the board.
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๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
07:15
The first sentence says, โ€˜Mike has eaten lunch.โ€™
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๋งˆ์ดํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
That is a statement.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
Now to turn it into a question, it's quite easy.
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ์•„์ฃผ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งจ ์•ž์—
07:24
All you have to do is put โ€˜hasโ€™ at the beginning.
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'has'๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ด๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:28
Then you follow with the subject and then the past participle.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
You'll notice that the placement of the past participle doesn't change.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:38
We've simply changed the order of the first 2 words.
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋งŒ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . '
07:41
โ€˜Has Mike eaten lunch?โ€™
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๋งˆ์ดํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?' '
07:44
โ€˜Has Mike eaten lunch?โ€™
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๋งˆ์ดํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
07:47
And you can answer by saying โ€˜Yes, he has.โ€™ or โ€˜No, he hasn't.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด '์˜ˆ, ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค, ์•ˆ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋ฉด
07:53
The next sentence says, โ€˜They have watched the video.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
This is a statement.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
If we want to turn it into a question, again, we change the order of the first two words.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
โ€˜Have theyโ€ฆ?โ€™
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Have theyโ€ฆ
08:07
And the past participle verb stays in the same place.
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08:11
โ€˜Have they watched the video?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?' '๊ทธ๋“ค์€
08:13
โ€˜Have they watched the video?โ€™
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๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?'
08:17
You can answer this question by saying, โ€˜Yes, they have.โ€™
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— '์˜ˆ, ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
08:21
or โ€˜No, they haven't.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค, ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:23
Good job, guys.
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.
08:24
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:25
Now, I'll briefly introduce how to ask WH questions in the present perfect tense.
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ WH ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ„๋žตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:32
Take a look at the board.
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๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
08:33
I have โ€˜whereโ€™, โ€˜whatโ€™, โ€˜whoโ€™, and โ€˜howโ€™.
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๋‚˜๋Š” '์–ด๋””์„œ', '๋ฌด์—‡์„', '๋ˆ„๊ฐ€', '์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
These go at the beginning of the question.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
Let's take a look at the first example.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
โ€˜Where has Tim been?โ€™
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'ํŒ€์€ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
08:46
You'll notice we followed the WH word with โ€˜hasโ€™ or โ€˜haveโ€™.
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WH ๋‹จ์–ด ๋’ค์— '์žˆ๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” '์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
In this case, I used โ€˜hasโ€™ because the subject is โ€˜Timโ€™, and Tim is a โ€˜heโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'Tim'์ด๊ณ  Tim์ด 'he'์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 'has'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
And then we followed that with the past participle of the verb.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:02
โ€˜Where has Tim been?โ€™
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'ํŒ€์ด ์–ด๋”” ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด?'
09:04
And I can answer by saying, โ€˜Tim has been home.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” 'ํŒ€์ด ์ง‘์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'
09:08
or โ€˜Tim has been on vacation.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” 'ํŒ€์ด ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:10
Something like that.
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.
09:12
The next question says, what countries have you visited?
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๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:17
I can answer by saying, โ€˜I have visited China.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .'
09:20
or โ€˜I have visited Mexico.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
You can also use the contraction โ€˜Iโ€™veโ€™.
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'I've'๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '
09:25
โ€˜I've visited China.โ€™
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
09:28
The next question says, โ€˜Who has she talked to?โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ '๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '
09:32
You can answer by saying, โ€˜She has talked to her mom.โ€™ or โ€˜She has talked to her
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์—„๋งˆ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .' ๋˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:38
teacher.โ€™
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.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
The next question says, โ€˜How long have you been married?โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. , ' ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•œ ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋์–ด์š”?' '
09:43
โ€˜I've been married for 3 years.โ€™
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๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•œ ์ง€ 3๋…„ ๋์–ด์š”.
09:47
That's one answer that you can give.
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09:49
Great job, everybody.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์ˆ˜๊ณ ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
09:52
For this checkup, we'll take a look at the present perfect tense.
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์ด ๊ฒ€์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
Which describes an action that happened at
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09:59
an unknown or indefinite time in the past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•œ์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
Let's look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
10:04
โ€˜She _blank_ read that book.โ€™
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'She _blank_ read that book.'
10:08
The subject in this sentence is โ€˜sheโ€™.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'she'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
For he/she/it, in this tense we say, โ€˜hasโ€™.
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๊ทธ/๊ทธ๋…€/๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ด ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์žˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
โ€˜She hasโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” '์žˆ๋‹ค'.
10:18
Now, take a look at the verb.
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์ด์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
10:20
It looks like โ€˜readโ€™.
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'์ฝ๋‹ค'๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
But remember we need to use the past participle of the verb.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
10:27
So It's actually โ€˜readโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” '์ฝ๊ธฐ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
โ€˜readโ€™ and โ€˜readโ€™ are spelled the same.
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'์ฝ๋‹ค'์™€ '์ฝ๋‹ค'๋Š” ์ฒ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
โ€˜She has read that book.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
10:34
The second sentence says, โ€˜They _blank_ visit China.โ€™
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ _blank_ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ ์ค‘๊ตญ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
โ€˜visitโ€™ is the verb that you want to use here.
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'๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ'์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:43
For โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™ and โ€˜theyโ€™, we use โ€˜haveโ€™.
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'๋‚˜', '๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 'have'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
Not โ€˜hasโ€™.
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'์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
โ€˜They haveโ€™
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They have'
10:51
Now, what's the past participle of visit?
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์ž, ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
10:55
The answer is โ€˜visitedโ€™.
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๋‹ต์€ '๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ'์ด๋‹ค.
10:57
โ€˜They have visited China.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
11:00
Next, โ€˜We _blank_ see that concert.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ 'We _blank_ see that Concert.'
11:05
Again, for โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, weโ€™ and โ€˜theyโ€™ โ€“ we use โ€˜haveโ€™.
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๋‹ค์‹œ '๋‚˜', '๋„ˆ', ์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 'have'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
โ€˜We haveโ€™.
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'์žˆ๋‹ค'.
11:13
Now, the past participle of โ€˜seeโ€™ is 'seen'.
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์ด์ œ '๋ณด๋‹ค'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” '๋ณธ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
โ€˜We have seen that concert.โ€™
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'We have saw that Concert.'
11:21
Now, let's look for the mistake in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค .
11:25
โ€˜Rick have been to Cuba.โ€™
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'๋ฆญ์€ ์ฟ ๋ฐ”์— ๋‹ค๋…€์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
11:29
Take a look at the subject, โ€˜Rickโ€™.
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์ฃผ์ œ '๋ฆญ'์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
11:32
Rick is a โ€˜heโ€™.
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๋ฆญ์€ '๊ทธ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
So instead of โ€˜haveโ€™, we need to change this to โ€˜hasโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 'have'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ 'have'๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
โ€˜Rick has been to Cuba.โ€™
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'๋ฆญ์€ ์ฟ ๋ฐ”์— ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
11:42
โ€˜Sally and I hasn't finished work.โ€™
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'์ƒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ €๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๋งˆ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
11:48
The subject in this sentence is โ€˜Sallyโ€™ and โ€˜Iโ€™.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '์ƒ๋ฆฌ' ์™€ '๋‚˜'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
The pronoun for that is โ€˜weโ€™.
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๊ทธ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ง
11:55
โ€˜We hasn't finished work.โ€™
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์ผ์ด ์•ˆ ๋๋‚ฌ์–ด.'
11:58
That still sounds weird, right?
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์•„์ง๋„ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ฃ ?
12:00
We have to change this to โ€˜have notโ€™ or the contraction โ€˜haven'tโ€™.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ 'have not' ๋˜๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜• 'haven't'๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
And finally, โ€˜I did go to the doctor.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ 'I did go to the doctor.'
12:12
Now this sentence makes sense, but it's not the present perfect tense.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
We have to change it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
Remember, we use โ€˜haveโ€™ for the subject, โ€˜Iโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด 'I'์— 'have'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
12:24
But we're not done.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
What is the past participle of โ€˜goโ€™?
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'๊ฐ€๋‹ค'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:31
It is โ€˜goneโ€™.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ”์–ด'.
12:34
โ€˜I have gone to the doctor.โ€™
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'์˜์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
12:37
Great job.
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์ˆ˜๊ณ ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
Let's move on to the next checkup.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ ๊ฒ€์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
12:40
In this checkup, we'll talk about the present perfect tense
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์ด ์ ๊ฒ€์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ
12:44
and how it can be used to describe an action that started in the past and is still true
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์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์œ ํšจํ•œ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:50
today.
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.
12:51
The first sentence says, โ€˜I _blank_ known Carly since 1994.โ€™
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ 'I _blank_ known Carly since 1994'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:57
The subject is โ€˜Iโ€™.
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์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” 'I'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
And we already have the past participle of the verb, โ€˜knowโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ '์•Œ๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:04
Which is โ€˜knownโ€™.
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'์•Œ๋ ค์ง„' ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
What are we missing?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋†“์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:07
The correct answer is โ€˜haveโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '๊ฐ–๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
For โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™ and โ€˜theyโ€™, we use โ€˜haveโ€™ after the subject.
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'I', 'you', 'we', 'they'๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด ๋’ค์— 'have'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
13:17
โ€˜He has been here _blank_ 2 p.m.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” _blank_ ์˜คํ›„ 2์‹œ์— ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
Now the first part is all there.
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์ด์ œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:25
โ€˜He has beenโ€™.
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'๊ทธ๋Š”'์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
However, remember that for the present perfect tense,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
13:30
we use โ€˜forโ€™ or โ€˜sinceโ€™ to talk about how long that action has been true.
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'for' ๋˜๋Š” 'since'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋™์ž‘์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
In this case, we use โ€˜sinceโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '์ดํ›„'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
Because 2 p.m. is a specific period in time.
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์˜คํ›„ 2์‹œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํŠน์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
Next it says, โ€˜She _blank_ liked Tom since June.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ 'She _blank_๋Š” 6์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ Tom์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .'๋ผ๊ณ  ์“ฐ์—ฌ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:50
The subject is โ€˜sheโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'she'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:52
And we have the past participle of the verb โ€˜likeโ€™, which is 'liked'.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ 'like'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” 'liked'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:58
What are we missing?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋†“์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:59
Again, we need โ€˜haveโ€™ or โ€˜hasโ€™.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๊ฐ€์ง€๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” '๊ฐ€์ง€๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:03
Because the subject is โ€˜sheโ€™...
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ '๊ทธ๋…€'์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—...
14:05
Can you figure out which one you need?
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
14:08
The correct answer is โ€˜hasโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
โ€˜She has liked Tom since June.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 6์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ Tom์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
14:14
Now, I want you to find a mistake in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
14:19
โ€˜I have worked here six months ago.โ€™
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'์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 6๊ฐœ์›” ์ „์— ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
14:24
Can you find a mistake here?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:26
โ€˜I have workedโ€™ - that's correct.
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค' - ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
However, in the present perfect tense, we don't use โ€˜agoโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” '์•„๊ณ '๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:35
This is talking about more the past.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:38
We want to talk about โ€˜sinceโ€™ or โ€˜forโ€™ instead.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  '์ดํ›„' ๋˜๋Š” '๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
14:42
Now โ€˜six monthsโ€™ is not a specific time.
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์ด์ œ '6๊ฐœ์›”'์€ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:46
So we don't use โ€˜sinceโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '์ดํ›„'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:48
Instead, we talk about the duration.
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๋Œ€์‹  ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:51
So we need โ€˜forโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '์œ„ํ•ด'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
We'll say, โ€˜I have worked here for six months.โ€™
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 6๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:59
Let's take a look at the next sentence.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:01
โ€˜Jen have a cold for two weeks.โ€™
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'Jen์€ 2์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์–ด์š”.'
15:06
At first glance, this doesn't seem that wrong.
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์–ธ๋œป ๋ณด๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ง์€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:09
But remember, Jen is a โ€˜sheโ€™.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ Jen์€ '๊ทธ๋…€'๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
15:13
So we need โ€˜hasโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
โ€˜Jen hasโ€™.
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'์  ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค'.
15:15
But wait a minute, โ€˜Jen has have a coldโ€™?
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๊ทผ๋ฐ ์ž ๊น๋งŒ, '์  ์ด ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์–ด'?
15:21
That's not right either.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:22
We need the past participle of โ€˜haveโ€™.
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have์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:26
What is the past participle?
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:28
The correct answer is โ€˜hadโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ 'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:30
โ€˜Jen has had a cold for two weeks.โ€™
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'Jen์€ 2์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
15:36
And finally, โ€˜We haven't went home since Friday.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๊ธˆ์š”์ผ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .'
15:41
This one is a little tricky.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:43
The subject is โ€˜weโ€™.
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์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:45
โ€˜We have... have notโ€™.
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”... ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค'.
15:47
That's correct.
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:48
The contraction is โ€˜haven'tโ€™.
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์ค„์ž„๋ง์€ '์—†๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:50
โ€˜We haven'tโ€™.
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'.
15:51
Now the problem is, we have this verb โ€˜wentโ€™.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” 'went'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:56
That's in the past simple tense.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:58
We need the past participle of โ€˜goโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'go'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:02
The correct answer is โ€˜goneโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:05
โ€˜We haven't gone home since Friday.โ€™
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'๊ธˆ์š”์ผ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
16:10
Good job, guys.
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์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด, ์–˜๋“ค์•„.
16:12
Let's move on to the next checkup.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ ๊ฒ€์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
16:14
In this checkup, we'll take a look at the present perfect tense.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฒ€์ง„์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:18
And how it is used to describe an action that finished recently.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
16:23
We'll be focusing on the words, โ€˜justโ€™, โ€˜alreadyโ€™ and โ€˜recentlyโ€™ to show this.
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'๊ทธ๋ƒฅ', ' ์ด๋ฏธ', '์ตœ๊ทผ์—'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:28
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ž.
16:30
โ€˜She has just _blank_ that book.โ€™
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'She has just _blank_ that book.'
16:34
And we're using the verb, โ€˜readโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์ฝ๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:36
Remember, we take the subject, โ€˜sheโ€™.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€'๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:39
And for โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™ and โ€˜itโ€™, we say โ€˜hasโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '๊ทธ', '๊ทธ๋…€', '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์€ '์žˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:43
So that's correct.
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:45
Now we need the past participle of โ€˜readโ€™.
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์ด์ œ '์ฝ๋‹ค'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:49
And that is โ€˜readโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ '์ฝ๊ธฐ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:52
โ€˜She has just read that book.โ€™
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'She has just read that book.'
16:56
You'll notice I use the word, โ€˜justโ€™ right before the past participle.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•ž์— 'just'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ„์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
17:02
Next it says, โ€˜They have alreadyโ€™ and the verb is โ€˜wake upโ€™.
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:07
If the subject is โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, or โ€˜itโ€™, we use โ€˜hasโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'he', 'she', ' it'์ด๋ฉด 'has'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:13
But if the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™ or โ€˜theyโ€™, we use โ€˜haveโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'I', 'you', 'we' ๋˜๋Š” 'they'์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 'have'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:18
So that's correct.
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:20
โ€˜They haveโ€™.
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'์žˆ๋‹ค'.
17:21
Also we have the word โ€˜alreadyโ€™ here to show that it happened recently
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
17:26
or that it finished recently.
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด '์ด๋ฏธ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:29
Now the verb is โ€˜wake upโ€™.
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์ด์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:31
We need the past participle of โ€˜wake upโ€™,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋‹ค'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
17:34
and that is โ€˜woken upโ€™.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ '์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:40
So the answer is,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€
17:42
โ€˜They have already woken up.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:45
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
17:47
โ€˜We have recently _blank_ work.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— _blank_ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
17:51
And the verb is โ€˜finishโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '์™„๋ฃŒ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:52
โ€˜We haveโ€™, that's correct.
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'์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:55
And we have the word 'recently' to show when the action finished.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž‘์—…์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์‹œ์ ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” 'recently'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
17:59
And now we need to find the past participle of the verb โ€˜finishโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ 'finish'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:04
The correct answer is.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:05
โ€˜We have recently finished, -ed, work.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. -ed, work.'
18:13
Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
18:17
โ€˜Morty has eaten just.โ€™
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'๋ชจํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋จน์—ˆ์–ด.'
18:21
This sounds a little strange, right?
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์ข€ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ฃ ? ๋™์‚ฌ
18:24
That's because โ€˜justโ€™ needs to come before the verb.
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์•ž์— 'just'๊ฐ€ ์™€์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
18:28
Therefore, the answer is โ€˜Morty has just eaten.โ€™
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ '๋ชจํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:34
The next sentence says, โ€˜Karen has recently be sick.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '์นด๋ Œ์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์•„ํŒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:40
Karen is a โ€˜sheโ€™.
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์นด๋ Œ์€ '๊ทธ๋…€'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:42
So โ€˜hasโ€™ is correct.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:45
And there we have โ€˜recentlyโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์ตœ๊ทผ'์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:47
Now we need the past participle of the verb.
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์ด์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:51
โ€˜beโ€™ is our verb and the past participle of โ€˜beโ€™ is โ€˜beenโ€™.
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'be'๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  ' be'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” 'been'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:57
โ€˜Karen has recently been sick.โ€™
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'์นด๋ Œ์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์•„ํŒ ์–ด์š”.'
19:00
And finally, โ€˜I have gone already to the dentist.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์ด๋ฏธ ์น˜๊ณผ์— ๊ฐ”์–ด์š” .'
19:06
This is similar to another question we looked at just before.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ „์— ๋ณด์•˜๋˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
19:10
โ€˜I have gone already to the dentist.โ€™
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'์ด๋ฏธ ์น˜๊ณผ์— ๊ฐ”์–ด์š”.'
19:14
The placement of โ€˜alreadyโ€™ is a little awkward.
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'์ด๋ฏธ'์˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:19
So we can say, โ€˜I have already gone.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:23
So we can put โ€˜alreadyโ€™ before the verb,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '
19:26
โ€˜I have already gone to the dentistโ€™
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์น˜๊ณผ์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ์•ž์— '์ด๋ฏธ'๋ฅผ
19:29
Or we can put this at the end,
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๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:32
โ€˜I have gone to the dentist already.โ€™
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. '
19:35
Both of those are correct.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:37
Now, good job.
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์ž, ์ˆ˜๊ณ ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:40
That is the end of the checkup.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ ๊ฒ€์ด ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:41
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
19:43
Excellent job, everyone.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
19:44
You just learned about the present perfect tense.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
19:48
There was a lot to learn, but you did a wonderful job.
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๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ ์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:51
Keep studying English.
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๊ณ„์† ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
19:52
I know that It's hard, but you will get better with time, effort and practice.
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ํž˜๋“ค๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚˜์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:57
I'll see you in the next video.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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