Basic English Grammar Course | Present Perfect Tense | Learn and Practice

186,129 views ・ 2020-11-05

Shaw English Online


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Hi, everyone.
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„.
00:01
I'm Esther.
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μ €λŠ” μ—μŠ€λ”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:02
In this video, I'm going to introduce the present perfect tense.
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이번 μ˜μƒμ—μ„œλŠ” ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ†Œκ°œν•˜λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:07
This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past,
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이 μ‹œμ œλŠ” 과거에 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 행동에 λŒ€ν•΄ 말할 λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수
00:11
but when it happened is not very important or it’s unknown.
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μžˆμ§€λ§Œ, μ–Έμ œ μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λŠ”μ§€λŠ” 그닀지 μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ±°λ‚˜ μ•Œ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:16
It can also be used to talk about an action that started in the past and continues in
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λ˜ν•œ 과거에 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ—¬
00:22
the present.
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ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€ κ³„μ†λ˜λŠ” 행동에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œλ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
We really want to emphasize how long that action has been happening.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ 행동이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λŠ”μ§€ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
And finally, we use this tense to talk about a recent action.
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό 졜근의 행동에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
00:33
There's a lot to learn and a lot of important information, so keep watching.
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배울 것도 많고 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 정보도 λ§ŽμœΌλ‹ˆ 계속 μ‹œμ²­ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
00:42
Let's talk about one usage of the present perfect tense.
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ˜ μš©λ‘€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€ .
00:45
This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past.
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이 μ‹œμ œλŠ” 과거에 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 행동에 λŒ€ν•΄ 말할 λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
00:50
But when it happened is not important or not known.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ–Έμ œ λ°œμƒν–ˆλŠ”μ§€λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ±°λ‚˜ μ•Œλ €μ§€μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:56
However, this action is important to the conversation right now.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜μ΄ μž‘μ—…μ€ μ§€κΈˆ λŒ€ν™”μ— μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
01:01
Let's take a look at some examples.
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λͺ‡ 가지 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
The first one says, β€˜I have been to Canada.’
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첫 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” 'I have been to Canada'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
What we do here is we start with the subject, β€˜I’.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•˜λŠ” 일은 'I'λΌλŠ” 주제둜 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
01:12
For β€˜I’, β€˜you’, β€˜we’, and β€˜they’, we follow with β€˜have’.
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'λ‚˜', 'λ„ˆ', '우리', 'κ·Έλ“€'은 뒀에 'have'κ°€ λΆ™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
After that we use the past participle of the verb.
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κ·Έ 후에 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ™μ‚¬μ˜ 과거뢄사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
01:21
In this case, the verb is β€˜be’.
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이 경우 λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 'be'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:24
And so the past participle is β€˜been’.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ³Όκ±°λΆ„μ‚¬λŠ” 'been'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
β€˜I have been to Canada.’
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'I have been to Canada.'
01:29
The next sentence says, β€˜My cousins have seen the movie.’
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은 'λ‚΄ μ‚¬μ΄Œλ“€μ΄ μ˜ν™”λ₯Ό λ΄€λ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:34
My cousins is a β€˜they’.
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λ‚΄ μ‚¬μ΄Œλ“€μ€ 'κ·Έλ“€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
And so again, we follow with β€˜have’.
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그리고 λ‹€μ‹œ 'have'λ₯Ό λ”°λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
And the past participle of see is β€˜seen’.
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그리고 see의 κ³Όκ±°λΆ„μ‚¬λŠ” 'λ³Έλ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
β€˜They have seen the movie.’
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'그듀은 μ˜ν™”λ₯Ό λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€.'
01:46
Or β€˜My cousins have seen the movie.’
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λ˜λŠ” 'λ‚΄ μ‚¬μ΄Œλ“€μ΄ μ˜ν™”λ₯Ό λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€.'
01:48
The next example says, β€˜Chad has gone home.’
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λ‹€μŒ μ˜ˆλŠ” 'Chadκ°€ 집에 κ°”λ‹€'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
Chad is a β€˜he’.
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ChadλŠ” 'κ·Έ'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
For β€˜he’, β€˜she’, β€˜it’, we follow with β€˜has’.
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'κ·Έ', 'κ·Έλ…€', '그것'은 뒀에 '가지닀'κ°€ λΆ™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
Then, the past participle β€˜gone’ is for the verb β€˜go’.
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ κ³Όκ±° 뢄사 'gone'은 동사 'go'λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
β€˜Chad has gone home.’
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'μ±„λ“œκ°€ 집에 κ°”μ–΄.'
02:09
And finally, β€˜My phone has been fixed.’
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그리고 λ“œλ””μ–΄ 'λ‚΄ 폰 κ³ μ³€μ–΄.'
02:12
My phone is an β€˜it’.
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λ‚΄ 폰은 'μž‡'이야.
02:15
Therefore, I use β€˜has’.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 'μžˆλ‹€'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
And then I need the past participle of β€˜be’ – β€˜been’.
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그리고 'be' – 'been'의 κ³Όκ±° 뢄사가 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
02:21
β€˜My phone has been fixed.’
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'ν•Έλ“œν°μ΄ κ³ μ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
02:25
Let's move on to the next usage.
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λ‹€μŒ μ‚¬μš©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄κ°‘μ‹œλ‹€.
02:27
The present perfect tense is also used to describe an action that started in the past
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλŠ” 과거에 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ—¬ ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€ κ³„μ†λ˜λŠ” λ™μž‘μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 데에도 μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:33
and continues in the present.
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.
02:35
β€˜for’ and since’ are common expressions used with the present perfect tense.
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'for'와 since'λŠ” ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” 일반적인 ν‘œν˜„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
Let's take a look at these examples.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
β€˜I have worked there since 2002.’
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'μ €λŠ” 2002λ…„λΆ€ν„° κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ μΌν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
02:48
You'll notice we start with the subject.
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μ£Όμ œλΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
If it's β€˜I’, β€˜you’ or β€˜we’, we have β€˜have’.
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'λ‚˜', 'λ„ˆ', '우리'라면 ' μžˆλ‹€'κ°€ μžˆλ‹€.
02:55
Then the past participle of the verb.
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그런 λ‹€μŒ λ™μ‚¬μ˜ κ³Όκ±° 뢄사.
02:58
In this case - β€˜worked’.
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이 경우 - 'μΌν–ˆλ‹€'.
03:00
What you'll notice here is that we also have β€˜since 2002’.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ•Œ 수 μžˆλŠ” 것은 'since 2002'도 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
This shows when the action started, so with the expression β€˜since’, you need to use
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μ•‘μ…˜μ΄ μ‹œμž‘λœ μ‹œμ μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λ―€λ‘œ 'since'λΌλŠ” ν‘œν˜„μ€
03:11
a specific point in time.
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νŠΉμ • μ‹œμ μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
The next example does the same thing.
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λ‹€μŒ μ˜ˆμ œλŠ” λ™μΌν•œ μž‘μ—…μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
β€˜You have had a car since last year.’
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'당신은 μž‘λ…„λΆ€ν„° μ°¨λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
03:19
Again, we use β€˜since’, so we have a specific point in time - β€˜last year’.
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λ‹€μ‹œ 'since'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ―€λ‘œ 'μž‘λ…„'μ΄λΌλŠ” νŠΉμ • μ‹œμ μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
Take a look at the next example.
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λ‹€μŒ 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
03:29
β€˜Anna has liked him for weeks.’
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'AnnaλŠ” λͺ‡ μ£Ό λ™μ•ˆ κ·Έλ₯Ό μ’‹μ•„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
03:32
In this case the subject is β€˜Anna’.
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이 경우 μ£Όμ–΄λŠ” 'Anna'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:35
Which is a β€˜she’, and so we use β€˜has’.
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'she'μ΄λ―€λ‘œ 'has'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
Then the past participle β€˜liked’.
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그런 λ‹€μŒ κ³Όκ±° λΆ„μ‚¬λŠ” 'μ’‹μ•„μš”'.
03:41
However, at the end of the sentence, we see β€˜for weeks’.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ¬Έμž₯ 끝에 'for weeks'κ°€ ν‘œμ‹œλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
Not β€˜since weeks’.
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'λͺ‡ μ£Ό 이후'κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:48
When we use β€˜for’, we talk about the duration.
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'for'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄ 기간에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
We explain how long this action has been true.
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이 μ‘°μΉ˜κ°€ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 였래 μ§€μ†λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ„€λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:56
And finally, β€˜We have eaten lunch here for 3 months.’
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 'μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 3κ°œμ›” λ™μ•ˆ 점심을 λ¨Ήμ—ˆλ‹€' .
04:01
Again, the sentence ends with β€˜for 3 months’.
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또 '3κ°œμ›” λ™μ•ˆ'으둜 λ¬Έμž₯이 λλ‚œλ‹€.
04:05
So we show the duration.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 기간을 λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
Let's move on to the next usage.
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λ‹€μŒ μ‚¬μš©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄κ°‘μ‹œλ‹€.
04:11
In addition, the present perfect tense can be used to describe an action that recently
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λ˜ν•œ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλŠ” μ΅œκ·Όμ— 멈좘 λ™μž‘μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:17
stopped.
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.
04:18
Let’s take a look at some examples.
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λͺ‡ 가지 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:20
β€˜I have just been to the doctor,’
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'I have just been to the doctor,'
04:23
So just like for all the other usages, we start with the subject,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ λͺ¨λ“  μš©λ²•κ³Ό λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ μ£Όμ–΄
04:27
β€˜have’ or β€˜has’, and the past participle.
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'have' λ˜λŠ” 'has'와 κ³Όκ±°λΆ„μ‚¬λ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:31
But you'll notice here, I used the word β€˜just’ between β€˜have’ and the verb.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ 'have'와 동사 사이에 'just'λΌλŠ” 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
β€˜I have just been to the doctor.’
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'λ‚˜λŠ” 방금 μ˜μ‚¬μ—κ²Œ κ°”λ‹€.'
04:41
This shows that it happened very recently.
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이것은 μ•„μ£Ό μ΅œκ·Όμ— μΌμ–΄λ‚œ μΌμž„μ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:44
The next example says, β€˜James has just seen his new baby.’
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λ‹€μŒ μ˜ˆλŠ” 'James has just saw his new baby'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:49
Again, just goes in between β€˜have’ or β€˜has’ and the verb.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 'have' λ˜λŠ” 'has'와 동사 사이에 λ“€μ–΄κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:55
Take a look at the next example.
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λ‹€μŒ 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
04:58
It says, β€˜She has already been to China.’
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'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 이미 쀑ꡭ에 κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 μ“°μ—¬ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. '
05:02
β€˜already’ is another word you can use to show that this action recently happened.
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이미'λŠ” 이 행동이 μ΅œκ·Όμ— μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŒμ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‹¨μ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:08
However, β€˜already’ can also be moved to the end of the sentence.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ '이미'λŠ” λ¬Έμž₯의 끝으둜 이동할 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:14
So it's perfectly fine to say, β€˜She has been to China already.’
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 이미 쀑ꡭ에 λ‹€λ…€μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€'라고 λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:20
And in the last example, β€˜We have recently visited Tom.’
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μ˜ˆμ—μ„œλŠ” 'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ΅œκ·Όμ— Tom을 λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 말해도 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:24
Again, you can put this word between β€˜have’ or β€˜has’ and the verb.
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. 이 단어λ₯Ό 'have' λ˜λŠ” 'has'와 동사 사이에 λ‹€μ‹œ 넣을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:30
Or you can also put it at the end of the sentence.
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λ˜λŠ” λ¬Έμž₯ 끝에 넣을 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:33
β€˜We have visited Tom recently.’
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'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ΅œκ·Όμ— Tom을 λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.' λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ
05:37
Let's move on.
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λ„˜μ–΄κ°‘μ‹œλ‹€. ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œ
05:38
Let's take a look at the negative form of the present perfect tense.
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의 λΆ€μ •ν˜•μ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
05:42
Here are some examples.
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μ—¬κΈ° λͺ‡ 가지 μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
05:44
The first one says, β€˜I have not been to Europe.’
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첫 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” 'I have not been to Europe'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:48
What you'll notice in the first sentence is that we simply put a 'not' between β€˜have’
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첫 번째 λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ μ•Œ 수 μžˆλŠ” 것은 λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ 'have'와 'been' 사이에 'not'을 λ„£μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:54
and β€˜been’.
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. '
05:55
β€˜I have not been to Europe.’
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I have not been to Europe.'
05:59
You can also use a contraction and say β€˜I haven't been to Europe.’
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λ˜ν•œ μΆ•μ•½ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 'I haven't been to Europe'이라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:05
The next sentence says, β€˜It has not rained for 3 months.’
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은 ' 3κ°œμ›” λ™μ•ˆ λΉ„κ°€ μ˜€μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:10
Again, we put the β€˜not’ between the β€˜has’ and the verb.
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. λ‹€μ‹œ 'not'을 λ„£μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 'μžˆλ‹€' 와 동사 사이.
06:15
β€˜It has not rained for 3 months.’
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'3κ°œμ›” λ™μ•ˆ λΉ„κ°€ 내리지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
06:19
Here we have a time expression to show the duration.
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여기에 기간을 ν‘œμ‹œν•˜λŠ” μ‹œκ°„ ν‘œν˜„μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
06:22
The next example says, β€˜Teddy hasn't driven for 2 years.’
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λ‹€μŒ μ˜ˆλŠ” 'TeddyλŠ” 2λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μš΄μ „μ„ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
06:29
We used the contraction here for β€˜has’ and β€˜not’ – β€˜hasn't’.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ” 'has' 와 'not' – 'hasn't'에 μΆ•μ•½ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:34
And then we use the time expression β€˜for 2 years’ at the end of the sentence.
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그리고 λ¬Έμž₯ 끝에 'for 2 years'λΌλŠ” μ‹œκ°„ ν‘œν˜„μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
06:41
And finally, the last sentence says, β€˜My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.’
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ λ¬Έμž₯은 'λ‚΄ 아듀듀은 2010λ…„ μ΄ν›„λ‘œ 좕ꡬλ₯Ό ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:48
We see another contraction here for β€˜have not’ – β€˜haven't’.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 'have not' – 'haven't'에 λŒ€ν•œ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μΆ•μ•½ν˜•μ„ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:53
β€˜My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.’
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'우리 아듀듀은 2010λ…„ μ΄ν›„λ‘œ 좕ꡬλ₯Ό ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
06:58
This time expression uses β€˜since’.
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λŠ” 'since'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” ν‘œν˜„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:01
And so we mention a specific point and time.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” νŠΉμ • μ‹œμ κ³Ό μ‹œκ°„μ„ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:05
Let's move on.
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κ³„μ†ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
07:06
Now let's take a look at the β€˜have’ or β€˜has’ question form of the present perfect
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이제 ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ˜ 'have' λ˜λŠ” 'has' 의문문 ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:11
tense.
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.
07:13
Take a look at the board.
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λ³΄λ“œλ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
07:15
The first sentence says, β€˜Mike has eaten lunch.’
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첫 번째 λ¬Έμž₯은 'λ§ˆμ΄ν¬κ°€ 점심을 λ¨Ήμ—ˆλ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:19
That is a statement.
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그것은 μ§„μˆ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:20
Now to turn it into a question, it's quite easy.
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이제 그것을 질문으둜 λ°”κΎΈλ©΄ μ•„μ£Ό μ‰½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 맨 μ•žμ—
07:24
All you have to do is put β€˜has’ at the beginning.
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'has'λ₯Ό λΆ™μ΄κΈ°λ§Œ ν•˜λ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
07:28
Then you follow with the subject and then the past participle.
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그런 λ‹€μŒ μ£Όμ œμ™€ κ³Όκ±° 뢄사λ₯Ό λ”°λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:33
You'll notice that the placement of the past participle doesn't change.
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κ³Όκ±° λΆ„μ‚¬μ˜ μœ„μΉ˜κ°€ λ³€κ²½λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
07:38
We've simply changed the order of the first 2 words.
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처음 두 λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ μˆœμ„œλ§Œ λ³€κ²½ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . '
07:41
β€˜Has Mike eaten lunch?’
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λ§ˆμ΄ν¬κ°€ 점심을 λ¨Ήμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?' '
07:44
β€˜Has Mike eaten lunch?’
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λ§ˆμ΄ν¬κ°€ 점심을 λ¨Ήμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
07:47
And you can answer by saying β€˜Yes, he has.’ or β€˜No, he hasn't.’
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그러면 '예, λ¨Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.' λ˜λŠ” 'μ•„λ‹ˆμ˜€, μ•ˆ λ¨Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 λŒ€λ‹΅ν•˜λ©΄
07:53
The next sentence says, β€˜They have watched the video.’
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은 '그듀은 λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:57
This is a statement.
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이것은 μ§„μˆ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:59
If we want to turn it into a question, again, we change the order of the first two words.
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λ‹€μ‹œ 질문으둜 λ°”κΎΈκ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄ 처음 두 λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό λ³€κ²½ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:05
β€˜Have they…?’
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Have they…
08:07
And the past participle verb stays in the same place.
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08:11
β€˜Have they watched the video?’
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'그듀은 λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?' '그듀은
08:13
β€˜Have they watched the video?’
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λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?'
08:17
You can answer this question by saying, β€˜Yes, they have.’
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이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— '예, λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
08:21
or β€˜No, they haven't.’
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λ˜λŠ” 'μ•„λ‹ˆμ˜€, λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 λŒ€λ‹΅ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:23
Good job, guys.
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.
08:24
Let's move on.
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κ³„μ†ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
08:25
Now, I'll briefly introduce how to ask WH questions in the present perfect tense.
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이제 ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ—μ„œ WH μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 κ°„λž΅ν•˜κ²Œ μ†Œκ°œν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
08:32
Take a look at the board.
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λ³΄λ“œλ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
08:33
I have β€˜where’, β€˜what’, β€˜who’, and β€˜how’.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 'μ–΄λ””μ„œ', '무엇을', 'λˆ„κ°€', 'μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ'κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:38
These go at the beginning of the question.
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이듀은 질문의 μ‹œμž‘ 뢀뢄에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:41
Let's take a look at the first example.
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첫 번째 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:43
β€˜Where has Tim been?’
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'νŒ€μ€ 어디에 μžˆμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
08:46
You'll notice we followed the WH word with β€˜has’ or β€˜have’.
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WH 단어 뒀에 'μžˆλ‹€' λ˜λŠ” 'μžˆλ‹€'κ°€ 뢙은 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:51
In this case, I used β€˜has’ because the subject is β€˜Tim’, and Tim is a β€˜he’.
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이 경우 μ£Όμ–΄κ°€ 'Tim'이고 Tim이 'he'이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 'has'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:58
And then we followed that with the past participle of the verb.
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그리고 λ‚˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ™μ‚¬μ˜ 과거뢄사λ₯Ό λ”°λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
09:02
β€˜Where has Tim been?’
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'νŒ€μ΄ μ–΄λ”” μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄?'
09:04
And I can answer by saying, β€˜Tim has been home.’
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그리고 λ‚˜λŠ” 'νŒ€μ΄ 집에 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€'
09:08
or β€˜Tim has been on vacation.’
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λ˜λŠ” 'νŒ€μ΄ νœ΄κ°€λ₯Ό κ°”λ‹€'라고 λŒ€λ‹΅ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:10
Something like that.
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.
09:12
The next question says, what countries have you visited?
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λ‹€μŒ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ μ–΄λ–€ λ‚˜λΌλ₯Ό λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
09:17
I can answer by saying, β€˜I have visited China.’
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'λ‚˜λŠ” 쀑ꡭ을 λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .'
09:20
or β€˜I have visited Mexico.’
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λ˜λŠ” 'λ‚˜λŠ” λ©•μ‹œμ½”λ₯Ό λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 λŒ€λ‹΅ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:23
You can also use the contraction β€˜I’ve’.
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'I've'λΌλŠ” μΆ•μ•½ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. '
09:25
β€˜I've visited China.’
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λ‚˜λŠ” 쀑ꡭ을 λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
09:28
The next question says, β€˜Who has she talked to?’
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λ‹€μŒ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ 'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λˆ„κ΅¬μ™€ 이야기λ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. '
09:32
You can answer by saying, β€˜She has talked to her mom.’ or β€˜She has talked to her
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ—„λ§ˆμ™€ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .' λ˜λŠ” 'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ„ μƒλ‹˜κ³Ό μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:38
teacher.’
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.'라고 λŒ€λ‹΅ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:39
The next question says, β€˜How long have you been married?’
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λ‹€μŒ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. , ' κ²°ν˜Όν•œ 지 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λμ–΄μš”?' '
09:43
β€˜I've been married for 3 years.’
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κ²°ν˜Όν•œ 지 3λ…„ λμ–΄μš”.
09:47
That's one answer that you can give.
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09:49
Great job, everybody.
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λͺ¨λ‘ μˆ˜κ³ ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:51
Let's move on.
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κ³„μ†ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
09:52
For this checkup, we'll take a look at the present perfect tense.
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이 검진을 μœ„ν•΄ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:56
Which describes an action that happened at
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09:59
an unknown or indefinite time in the past.
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과거에 μ•Œ 수 μ—†κ±°λ‚˜ ν•œμ •λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μ‹œκ°„μ— λ°œμƒν•œ λ™μž‘μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:02
Let's look at the first sentence.
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첫 번째 λ¬Έμž₯을 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
10:04
β€˜She _blank_ read that book.’
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'She _blank_ read that book.'
10:08
The subject in this sentence is β€˜she’.
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이 λ¬Έμž₯의 μ£Όμ–΄λŠ” 'she'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:11
For he/she/it, in this tense we say, β€˜has’.
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κ·Έ/κ·Έλ…€/κ·Έκ²ƒμ˜ 경우, 이 μ‹œμ œμ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 'μžˆλ‹€'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:16
β€˜She has’.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 'μžˆλ‹€'.
10:18
Now, take a look at the verb.
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이제 동사λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
10:20
It looks like β€˜read’.
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'읽닀'둜 λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:23
But remember we need to use the past participle of the verb.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ™μ‚¬μ˜ κ³Όκ±° 뢄사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 점을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš” .
10:27
So It's actually β€˜read’.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” '읽기'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:29
β€˜read’ and β€˜read’ are spelled the same.
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'읽닀'와 '읽닀'λŠ” μ² μžκ°€ κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:31
β€˜She has read that book.’
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'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” κ·Έ 책을 μ½μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
10:34
The second sentence says, β€˜They _blank_ visit China.’
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두 번째 λ¬Έμž₯은 '그듀은 _blank_ λ°©λ¬Έ 쀑ꡭ'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:39
β€˜visit’ is the verb that you want to use here.
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'λ°©λ¬Έ'은 μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ €λŠ” λ™μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
10:43
For β€˜I’, β€˜you’, β€˜we’ and β€˜they’, we use β€˜have’.
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'λ‚˜', 'λ„ˆ', '우리', 'κ·Έλ“€'에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 'have'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:47
Not β€˜has’.
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'μžˆλ‹€'κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:49
β€˜They have’
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They have'
10:51
Now, what's the past participle of visit?
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자, 방문의 κ³Όκ±° λΆ„μ‚¬λŠ” λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
10:55
The answer is β€˜visited’.
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닡은 'λ°©λ¬Έ'이닀.
10:57
β€˜They have visited China.’
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'그듀은 쀑ꡭ을 λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
11:00
Next, β€˜We _blank_ see that concert.’
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λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ 'We _blank_ see that Concert.'
11:05
Again, for β€˜I’, β€˜you’, we’ and β€˜they’ – we use β€˜have’.
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λ‹€μ‹œ 'λ‚˜', 'λ„ˆ', 우리', 'κ·Έλ“€'에 λŒ€ν•΄ 'have'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:11
β€˜We have’.
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'μžˆλ‹€'.
11:13
Now, the past participle of β€˜see’ is 'seen'.
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이제 '보닀'의 κ³Όκ±°λΆ„μ‚¬λŠ” 'λ³Έ'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:17
β€˜We have seen that concert.’
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'We have saw that Concert.'
11:21
Now, let's look for the mistake in the next sentence.
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이제 λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ ν‹€λ¦° 뢀뢄을 μ°Ύμ•„λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€ .
11:25
β€˜Rick have been to Cuba.’
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'릭은 쿠바에 λ‹€λ…€μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
11:29
Take a look at the subject, β€˜Rick’.
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주제 'λ¦­'을 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
11:32
Rick is a β€˜he’.
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릭은 'κ·Έ'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:34
So instead of β€˜have’, we need to change this to β€˜has’.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 'have'κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 'have'둜 λ°”κΏ”μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:39
β€˜Rick has been to Cuba.’
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'릭은 쿠바에 κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
11:42
β€˜Sally and I hasn't finished work.’
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'샐리와 μ €λŠ” 일을 λ§ˆμΉ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
11:48
The subject in this sentence is β€˜Sally’ and β€˜I’.
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이 λ¬Έμž₯의 μ£Όμ–΄λŠ” '샐리' 와 'λ‚˜'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:52
The pronoun for that is β€˜we’.
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κ·Έ λŒ€λͺ…μ‚¬λŠ” '우리'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 아직
11:55
β€˜We hasn't finished work.’
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일이 μ•ˆ 끝났어.'
11:58
That still sounds weird, right?
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아직도 μ΄μƒν•˜κ²Œ 듀리죠?
12:00
We have to change this to β€˜have not’ or the contraction β€˜haven't’.
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이것을 'have not' λ˜λŠ” μΆ•μ•½ν˜• 'haven't'둜 λ°”κΏ”μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:08
And finally, β€˜I did go to the doctor.’
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 'I did go to the doctor.'
12:12
Now this sentence makes sense, but it's not the present perfect tense.
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이제 이 λ¬Έμž₯이 이해가 λ˜μ§€λ§Œ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œν˜•μ€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:17
We have to change it.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것을 λ°”κΏ”μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:19
Remember, we use β€˜have’ for the subject, β€˜I’.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ£Όμ–΄ 'I'에 'have'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš” .
12:24
But we're not done.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 아직 λλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:26
What is the past participle of β€˜go’?
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'κ°€λ‹€'의 κ³Όκ±° λΆ„μ‚¬λŠ” λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
12:31
It is β€˜gone’.
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그것은 κ°”μ–΄'.
12:34
β€˜I have gone to the doctor.’
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'μ˜μ‚¬μ—κ²Œ κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
12:37
Great job.
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μˆ˜κ³ ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:38
Let's move on to the next checkup.
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λ‹€μŒ μ κ²€μœΌλ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄κ°‘μ‹œλ‹€.
12:40
In this checkup, we'll talk about the present perfect tense
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이 μ κ²€μ—μ„œλŠ” ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œ
12:44
and how it can be used to describe an action that started in the past and is still true
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와 과거에 μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ–΄ μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ—λ„ μ—¬μ „νžˆ μœ νš¨ν•œ λ™μž‘μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 데 이 μ‹œμ œκ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©λ  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:50
today.
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.
12:51
The first sentence says, β€˜I _blank_ known Carly since 1994.’
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첫 번째 λ¬Έμž₯은 'I _blank_ known Carly since 1994'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:57
The subject is β€˜I’.
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μ£Όμ œλŠ” 'I'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:59
And we already have the past participle of the verb, β€˜know’.
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이미 'μ•Œλ‹€'λΌλŠ” λ™μ‚¬μ˜ κ³Όκ±° 뢄사λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
13:04
Which is β€˜known’.
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'μ•Œλ €μ§„' κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:06
What are we missing?
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 무엇을 λ†“μΉ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
13:07
The correct answer is β€˜have’.
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정닡은 'κ°–λ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:10
For β€˜I’, β€˜you’, β€˜we’ and β€˜they’, we use β€˜have’ after the subject.
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'I', 'you', 'we', 'they'λŠ” μ£Όμ–΄ 뒀에 'have'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:16
The next sentence says,
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은
13:17
β€˜He has been here _blank_ 2 p.m.’
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'κ·ΈλŠ” _blank_ μ˜€ν›„ 2μ‹œμ— 여기에 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:22
Now the first part is all there.
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이제 첫 번째 뢀뢄이 λͺ¨λ‘ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:25
β€˜He has been’.
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'κ·ΈλŠ”'μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€.
13:27
However, remember that for the present perfect tense,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ˜ 경우
13:30
we use β€˜for’ or β€˜since’ to talk about how long that action has been true.
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'for' λ˜λŠ” 'since'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ ν•΄λ‹Ή λ™μž‘μ΄ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 였래 μ§€μ†λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:36
In this case, we use β€˜since’.
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이 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” '이후'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:39
Because 2 p.m. is a specific period in time.
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μ˜€ν›„ 2μ‹œμ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— νŠΉμ • κΈ°κ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:45
Next it says, β€˜She _blank_ liked Tom since June.’
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λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ 'She _blank_λŠ” 6μ›”λΆ€ν„° Tom을 μ’‹μ•„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .'라고 μ“°μ—¬ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:50
The subject is β€˜she’.
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μ£Όμ–΄λŠ” 'she'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:52
And we have the past participle of the verb β€˜like’, which is 'liked'.
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그리고 동사 'like'의 κ³Όκ±°λΆ„μ‚¬λŠ” 'liked'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:58
What are we missing?
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 무엇을 λ†“μΉ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
13:59
Again, we need β€˜have’ or β€˜has’.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” '가지닀' λ˜λŠ” '가지닀'κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:03
Because the subject is β€˜she’...
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μ£Όμ–΄κ°€ 'κ·Έλ…€'이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—...
14:05
Can you figure out which one you need?
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μ–΄λ–€ 것이 ν•„μš”ν•œμ§€ μ•Œ 수 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
14:08
The correct answer is β€˜has’.
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정닡은 'μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:10
β€˜She has liked Tom since June.’
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'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 6μ›”λΆ€ν„° Tom을 μ’‹μ•„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
14:14
Now, I want you to find a mistake in the next sentence.
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이제 λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ°ΎμœΌμ‹œκΈ° λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€ .
14:19
β€˜I have worked here six months ago.’
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'μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 6κ°œμ›” 전에 μΌν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
14:24
Can you find a mistake here?
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό 찾을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
14:26
β€˜I have worked’ - that's correct.
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'λ‚˜λŠ” μΌν–ˆλ‹€' - λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:29
However, in the present perfect tense, we don't use β€˜ago’.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ—μ„œλŠ” 'μ•„κ³ 'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:35
This is talking about more the past.
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이것은 과거에 λŒ€ν•΄ 더 많이 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:38
We want to talk about β€˜since’ or β€˜for’ instead.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λŒ€μ‹  '이후' λ˜λŠ” 'λ•Œλ¬Έμ—'에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
14:42
Now β€˜six months’ is not a specific time.
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이제 '6κ°œμ›”'은 νŠΉμ •ν•œ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:46
So we don't use β€˜since’.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ '이후'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:48
Instead, we talk about the duration.
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λŒ€μ‹  기간에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:51
So we need β€˜for’.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 'μœ„ν•΄'κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:54
We'll say, β€˜I have worked here for six months.’
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 'μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 6κ°œμ›” λ™μ•ˆ μΌν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 말할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:59
Let's take a look at the next sentence.
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:01
β€˜Jen have a cold for two weeks.’
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'Jen은 2μ£Ό λ™μ•ˆ 감기에 κ±Έλ Έμ–΄μš”.'
15:06
At first glance, this doesn't seem that wrong.
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μ–Έλœ» 보기에 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν‹€λ¦° 말은 μ•„λ‹Œ 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:09
But remember, Jen is a β€˜she’.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ Jen은 'κ·Έλ…€'λΌλŠ” 사싀을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
15:13
So we need β€˜has’.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 'μžˆλ‹€'κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:14
β€˜Jen has’.
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'젠이 μžˆλ‹€'.
15:15
But wait a minute, β€˜Jen has have a cold’?
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근데 잠깐만, '젠이 감기 κ±Έλ Έμ–΄'?
15:21
That's not right either.
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그것도 μ˜³μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:22
We need the past participle of β€˜have’.
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have의 κ³Όκ±° 뢄사가 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:26
What is the past participle?
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κ³Όκ±° λΆ„μ‚¬λŠ” λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
15:28
The correct answer is β€˜had’.
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정닡은 'ν–ˆλ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:30
β€˜Jen has had a cold for two weeks.’
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'Jen은 2μ£Ό λ™μ•ˆ 감기에 κ±Έλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
15:36
And finally, β€˜We haven't went home since Friday.’
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 'κΈˆμš”μΌ μ΄ν›„λ‘œ 집에 가지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .'
15:41
This one is a little tricky.
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이것은 μ•½κ°„ κΉŒλ‹€λ‘­μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:43
The subject is β€˜we’.
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μ£Όμ œλŠ” '우리'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:45
β€˜We have... have not’.
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'μš°λ¦¬λŠ”... 가지고 μžˆμ§€ μ•Šλ‹€'.
15:47
That's correct.
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λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:48
The contraction is β€˜haven't’.
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μ€„μž„λ§μ€ 'μ—†λ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:50
β€˜We haven't’.
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'μš°λ¦¬λŠ”ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€'.
15:51
Now the problem is, we have this verb β€˜went’.
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이제 λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 'went'λΌλŠ” 동사가 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:56
That's in the past simple tense.
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그것은 과거의 λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:58
We need the past participle of β€˜go’.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 'go'의 κ³Όκ±° 뢄사가 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:02
The correct answer is β€˜gone’.
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정닡은 '사라지닀'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:05
β€˜We haven't gone home since Friday.’
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'κΈˆμš”μΌ μ΄ν›„λ‘œ 집에 가지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
16:10
Good job, guys.
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μž˜ν–ˆμ–΄, μ–˜λ“€μ•„.
16:12
Let's move on to the next checkup.
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λ‹€μŒ μ κ²€μœΌλ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄κ°‘μ‹œλ‹€.
16:14
In this checkup, we'll take a look at the present perfect tense.
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이번 κ²€μ§„μ—μ„œλŠ” ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:18
And how it is used to describe an action that finished recently.
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그리고 μ΅œκ·Όμ— μ™„λ£Œλœ μž‘μ—…μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ . 이λ₯Ό 보여주기 μœ„ν•΄
16:23
We'll be focusing on the words, β€˜just’, β€˜already’ and β€˜recently’ to show this.
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'κ·Έλƒ₯', ' 이미', 'μ΅œκ·Όμ—'λΌλŠ” 단어에 μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:28
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
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첫 번째 λ¬Έμž₯λΆ€ν„° μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μž.
16:30
β€˜She has just _blank_ that book.’
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'She has just _blank_ that book.'
16:34
And we're using the verb, β€˜read’.
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” '읽닀'λΌλŠ” 동사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:36
Remember, we take the subject, β€˜she’.
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κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 'κ·Έλ…€'λΌλŠ” 주제λ₯Ό μ·¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:39
And for β€˜he’, β€˜she’ and β€˜it’, we say β€˜has’.
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그리고 'κ·Έ', 'κ·Έλ…€', '그것'은 'μžˆλ‹€'라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:43
So that's correct.
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λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:45
Now we need the past participle of β€˜read’.
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이제 '읽닀'의 κ³Όκ±° 뢄사가 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:49
And that is β€˜read’.
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그리고 그것은 '읽기'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:52
β€˜She has just read that book.’
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'She has just read that book.'
16:56
You'll notice I use the word, β€˜just’ right before the past participle.
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λ‚΄κ°€ 과거뢄사 λ°”λ‘œ μ•žμ— 'just'λΌλŠ” 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•œ 것을 λˆˆμΉ˜μ±„μ…¨μ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
17:02
Next it says, β€˜They have already’ and the verb is β€˜wake up’.
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λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ '그듀은 이미'라고 λ§ν•˜κ³  λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 'μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:07
If the subject is β€˜he’, β€˜she’, or β€˜it’, we use β€˜has’.
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μ£Όμ–΄κ°€ 'he', 'she', ' it'이면 'has'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:13
But if the subject is β€˜I’, β€˜you’, β€˜we’ or β€˜they’, we use β€˜have’.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ£Όμ–΄κ°€ 'I', 'you', 'we' λ˜λŠ” 'they'인 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” 'have'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:18
So that's correct.
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λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:20
β€˜They have’.
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'μžˆλ‹€'.
17:21
Also we have the word β€˜already’ here to show that it happened recently
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λ˜ν•œ μ΅œκ·Όμ— λ°œμƒν–ˆκ±°λ‚˜
17:26
or that it finished recently.
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μ΅œκ·Όμ— μ™„λ£Œλ˜μ—ˆμŒμ„ ν‘œμ‹œν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ '이미'λΌλŠ” 단어가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:29
Now the verb is β€˜wake up’.
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이제 λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 'μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:31
We need the past participle of β€˜wake up’,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 'μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λ‹€'의 κ³Όκ±° 뢄사가 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ©°
17:34
and that is β€˜woken up’.
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그것은 'μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:40
So the answer is,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λŒ€λ‹΅μ€
17:42
β€˜They have already woken up.’
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'그듀은 이미 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:45
The next sentence says,
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은
17:47
β€˜We have recently _blank_ work.’
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'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ΅œκ·Όμ— _blank_ 일이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
17:51
And the verb is β€˜finish’.
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그리고 λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 'μ™„λ£Œ'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:52
β€˜We have’, that's correct.
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'μžˆλ‹€'κ°€ λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:55
And we have the word 'recently' to show when the action finished.
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그리고 μž‘μ—…μ΄ μ™„λ£Œλœ μ‹œμ μ„ ν‘œμ‹œν•˜λŠ” 'recently'λΌλŠ” 단어가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
17:59
And now we need to find the past participle of the verb β€˜finish’.
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그리고 이제 동사 'finish'의 과거뢄사λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:04
The correct answer is.
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정닡은 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:05
β€˜We have recently finished, -ed, work.’
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'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ΅œκ·Όμ— λλƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. -ed, work.'
18:13
Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
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이제 λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ°ΎμœΌμ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
18:17
β€˜Morty has eaten just.’
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'λͺ¨ν‹°κ°€ 방금 λ¨Ήμ—ˆμ–΄.'
18:21
This sounds a little strange, right?
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μ’€ μ΄μƒν•˜κ²Œ 듀리죠? 동사
18:24
That's because β€˜just’ needs to come before the verb.
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μ•žμ— 'just'κ°€ 와야 ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
18:28
Therefore, the answer is β€˜Morty has just eaten.’
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λ”°λΌμ„œ λŒ€λ‹΅μ€ 'λͺ¨ν‹°κ°€ 방금 λ¨Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:34
The next sentence says, β€˜Karen has recently be sick.’
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은 '카렌이 μ΅œκ·Όμ— μ•„νŒ μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:40
Karen is a β€˜she’.
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μΉ΄λ Œμ€ 'κ·Έλ…€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:42
So β€˜has’ is correct.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 'μžˆλ‹€'κ°€ λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:45
And there we have β€˜recently’.
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그리고 '졜근'이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:47
Now we need the past participle of the verb.
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이제 λ™μ‚¬μ˜ κ³Όκ±° 뢄사가 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:51
β€˜be’ is our verb and the past participle of β€˜be’ is β€˜been’.
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'be'λŠ” 동사이고 ' be'의 κ³Όκ±° λΆ„μ‚¬λŠ” 'been'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:57
β€˜Karen has recently been sick.’
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'카렌이 μ΅œκ·Όμ— μ•„νŒ μ–΄μš”.'
19:00
And finally, β€˜I have gone already to the dentist.’
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ '이미 μΉ˜κ³Όμ— κ°”μ–΄μš” .'
19:06
This is similar to another question we looked at just before.
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이것은 방금 전에 λ³΄μ•˜λ˜ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 질문과 λΉ„μŠ·ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
19:10
β€˜I have gone already to the dentist.’
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'이미 μΉ˜κ³Όμ— κ°”μ–΄μš”.'
19:14
The placement of β€˜already’ is a little awkward.
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'이미'의 λ°°μΉ˜κ°€ 쑰금 μ–΄μƒ‰ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:19
So we can say, β€˜I have already gone.’
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 'λ‚˜λŠ” 이미 κ°”λ‹€'라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:23
So we can put β€˜already’ before the verb,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ '
19:26
β€˜I have already gone to the dentist’
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λ‚˜λŠ” 이미 μΉ˜κ³Όμ— κ°”λ‹€'λΌλŠ” 동사 μ•žμ— '이미'λ₯Ό
19:29
Or we can put this at the end,
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놓을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
19:32
β€˜I have gone to the dentist already.’
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. '
19:35
Both of those are correct.
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λ‘˜ λ‹€ λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:37
Now, good job.
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자, μˆ˜κ³ ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:40
That is the end of the checkup.
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μ΄κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 점검이 λλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:41
Let's move on.
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κ³„μ†ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
19:43
Excellent job, everyone.
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ν›Œλ₯­ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„.
19:44
You just learned about the present perfect tense.
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ°°μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
19:48
There was a lot to learn, but you did a wonderful job.
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배울 점이 λ§Žμ•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ 일을 ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:51
Keep studying English.
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계속 μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
19:52
I know that It's hard, but you will get better with time, effort and practice.
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νž˜λ“€λ‹€λŠ” 건 μ•Œμ§€λ§Œ μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό λ…Έλ ₯κ³Ό μ—°μŠ΅μ„ 톡해 λ‚˜μ•„μ§ˆ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:57
I'll see you in the next video.
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λ‹€μŒ μ˜μƒμ—μ„œ λ΅™κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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