Singular or Plural? Subject-Verb Agreement in English Grammar

638,527 views ใƒป 2011-11-24

Learn English with Rebecca


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi. My name is Rebecca, and in today's lesson, we're going to talk about some common errors
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์•ˆ๋…•. ์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ Rebecca์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
00:11
in subject-verb agreement in English. Okay? Now, the general rule is this. I've written
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์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด-๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ž, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ทœ์น™์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
00:18
it on the board. Let's have a look. The general rule in English is if you have a singular
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์น ํŒ์— ์ผ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์˜์–ด์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ทœ์น™์€ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ด๋ฉด
00:24
subject, then you use a singular verb. For example, you could say, "The cat is brown."
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๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "The cat is brown."์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
Correct? "The cat" is a singular subject, so you use a singular verb, "is". "The cat
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์˜ณ์€? "The cat"์€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์–ด ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ "is"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋Š”
00:41
is brown." Right? If you have a plural subject, then you use a plural verb. For example, "The
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๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰์ด์•ผ." ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, "
00:50
cats are brown." Right? "The cats" - plural subject - "are" - plural verb. All right?
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๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋Š” ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? "The cats" - ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์–ด - "are" - ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
01:00
So that's the general rule about subject-verb agreement, and that's the most basic rule.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฃผ์–ด-๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ทœ์น™ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ทœ์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
However, there are some tricky situations where it's not clear if the subject is singular
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜
01:12
or plural, and then students make a mistake and sometimes choose the wrong verb. So I'm
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์ธ์ง€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ธ์ง€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ
01:18
going to look at some of these tricky situations in this lesson. All right? Let's get started.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž.
01:24
The first one is when you have two subjects that are connected by the word "and". So,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” "and"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:31
for example, "John and Katie are students." "John and Katie", all right? "John and Katie"
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "John๊ณผ Katie๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." "์กด๊ณผ ์ผ€์ดํ‹ฐ", ์•Œ๊ฒ ์–ด? "John๊ณผ Katie"๋Š” "and"๋ผ๋Š”
01:41
are the two subjects connected by the word "and". So then we use the plural verb "are".
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๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ "are"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
"John and Katie are students." Two subjects connected by "and", we use the plural verb.
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"John๊ณผ Katie๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." "and"๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
Okay? Next one. Some words end in "s", but they are not plural. What do I mean by that?
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋‹ค์Œ. ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” "s"๋กœ ๋๋‚˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ด์•ผ?
02:06
Usually, we say in English that nouns, when we add an "s", become plural. For example,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— "s"๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
02:13
"chair", "chairs"; "table", "tables". Correct? But this is not always the case. For example,
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"์˜์ž", "์˜์ž"; "ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”", "ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”". ์˜ณ์€? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
02:22
in the words "mathematics", subjects, many subjects end in "s", but they're still singular.
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"์ˆ˜ํ•™"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์—์„œ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ, ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ด "s"๋กœ ๋๋‚˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
For example, "mathematics is an interesting subject." Right? "Economics is a subject often
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, "์ˆ˜ํ•™์€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? "๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์€
02:38
learned in high school or university." "Physics is a science subject." All right? So you see
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๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." "๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์€ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
02:46
in these examples that the word ends in "s", but it still takes a singular verb "is". Similar
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์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ "s"๋กœ ๋๋‚˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ "is"๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
is the word "the news". "The news is not good." Not "the news are", but "the news is". It's
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"๋‰ด์Šค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์†Œ์‹์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค." "๋‰ด์Šค๋Š”"์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ "๋‰ด์Šค๋Š”"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "s"
03:05
considered singular, even though it ends in "s". All right? Let's look at another example.
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๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
Number three. Some words don't end in "s", but in fact, they are plural, and so they
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ. ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” "s"๋กœ ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
03:19
take a plural verb. Examples of these are "The mice are all over the room." The word
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๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” "์ฅ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ ์ „์ฒด์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
"the mice", right, is a plural. It doesn't have an "s", but it's still plural. "The mice",
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"๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "s"๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ฅ",
03:35
one mouse, many mice. "The mice are all over the room." Well, we hope not, but it's just
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ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฅ, ๋งŽ์€ ์ฅ. "์ฅ๊ฐ€ ์˜จ ๋ฐฉ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ." ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€
03:41
an example. "The women are so smart." "Her feet are very tired." Or, "My teeth are hurting."
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์˜ˆ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•ด." "๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ฐœ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋˜๋Š” "์ด๊ฐ€ ์•„ํŒŒ์š”."
03:53
You see in each of these examples that the word we used as the subject did not end in
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€
03:58
"s", but nevertheless, it was a plural word, and therefore, it takes a plural verb. All
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"s"๋กœ ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜€์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
right? Let's look at the next one. The next one is when we're using the word "there" at
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๋‹ค์Œ์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— "there"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:14
the beginning of a sentence. If you use the word "there" at the beginning of a sentence,
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. ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— "there"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
04:19
you might need a singular verb, and you might need a plural verb. It depends what you say
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๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
after the word "there". Let me give you a couple of examples. "There was a gift on the
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"๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "ํƒ์ž ์œ„์— ์„ ๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค
04:32
table." Right? In this case, it's singular. "There was a gift on the table." Right? The
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." ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "ํƒ์ž ์œ„์— ์„ ๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค." ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
04:41
next example, "There were some gifts on the table." Now, it becomes plural. "There were
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” "ํƒ์ž ์œ„์— ์„ ๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "
04:50
some gifts on the table." So, because of the word "gifts", now the verb became plural.
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ํƒ์ž ์œ„์— ์„ ๋ฌผ์ด ์ข€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”." ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "์„ ๋ฌผ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
In the first case, because of the word "gift", the verb was singular. Okay? So, with "there",
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” "์„ ๋ฌผ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ"๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ
05:04
you have to decide based on what follows.
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๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:08
The next one is a little bit more confusing because it doesn't seem logical, but it's
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€
05:13
just a way... A rule in English. All right? So, try to understand. "Quantities of time,
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋œ ๊ทœ์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. "์‹œ๊ฐ„,
05:21
money, and distance are considered singular." Let me give you an example of what I mean
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๋ˆ, ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์–‘์€ ๋‹จ์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
05:28
by "quantities of time". "$10,000 is a lot of money." Now, of course, $10,000 is plural.
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"์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์–‘"์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "10,000๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋ฌผ๋ก  $10,000์€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
Right? It's more than $1, but it's still considered a quantity of money, and so it takes a singular
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? $1 ์ด์ƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ธˆ์•ก์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜
05:47
verb. So, $10,000 is a lot of money.
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๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 10,000๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
The next one, "Five miles is not too far." Again, five miles, more than one mile, but
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๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ "5๋งˆ์ผ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋ฉ€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, 5๋งˆ์ผ, 1๋งˆ์ผ ์ด์ƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
06:00
it's considered as a whole, so it's considered a quantity of distance in this case. Five
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์ „์ฒด๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 5
06:07
miles is not too far.
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๋งˆ์ผ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋ฉ€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
Next one, "Eight hours is a normal working day." "Eight hours is", again, it's considered
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ "8์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ." "Eight hours is" ์—ญ์‹œ
06:18
like a quantity of time, and so it takes the singular verb. All right? Hope you understood
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:24
that one.
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.
06:26
Next one, and last one that we're going to talk about today is when we use the word "each"
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๋‹ค์Œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ฒƒ์€ "each"
06:31
and "every". When we use these, you will always use a singular verb. For example, "Each student
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์™€ "every"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, "๊ฐ ํ•™์ƒ์€
06:39
was happy with his or her results." Or, "Every student was present." Okay? So, with "each"
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋˜๋Š” "๋ชจ๋“  ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์ฐธ์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "each"
06:50
and "every", remember to use a singular verb.
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์™€ "every"์—๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
Next, we're just going to do a quick little quiz to see how well you've understood these
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด ์›์น™๋“ค์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:00
principles. Okay, so now let's do a little quiz to see how well you've understood some
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. ์ž, ์ด์ œ ์ฃผ์–ด-๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
07:06
of those common errors in subject-verb agreement. Okay? I've written six examples on the board.
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. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์น ํŒ์— ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
First one, "There _____ three students in class." So, do we say, "There is three students
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” "์ˆ˜์—…์— _____ ์„ธ ๋ช…์˜ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ." ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด "์ˆ˜์—…์— ์„ธ ๋ช…์˜ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:21
in class" or "There are three students in class"? Which one? We say, "There are three
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" ๋˜๋Š” "์ˆ˜์—…์— ์„ธ ๋ช…์˜ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค "๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "
07:37
students in class." Okay? Because of the word "students". All right?
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๋ฐ˜์— ์„ธ ๋ช…์˜ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? "ํ•™์ƒ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
07:44
Next one, "Physics _____ an interesting subject." So, do we say, "Physics is an interesting
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ "๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™ _____ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด "๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด
07:56
subject" or "Physics are an interesting subject"? Okay? We say, "is". Also, you've got a clue
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๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" ๋˜๋Š” "๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "์ด๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ
08:09
because it says, "an interesting subject". So, we're talking about one subject. And even
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"ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ฃผ์ œ"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํžŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
though there is an "s" here, it doesn't matter. It's still singular. Okay?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— "s"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋…ํŠนํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
08:21
Next example, "The children _____ already in bed." "The children is already in bed"
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ, "์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์นจ๋Œ€์— _____ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." "์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์นจ๋Œ€์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
08:30
or "The children are already in bed". Which one do you say? Think about it. Okay? In this
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๋˜๋Š” "์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์นจ๋Œ€์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ด
08:42
case, the children are already in bed. So, even though the word "children" has no "s",
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๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์นจ๋Œ€์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "children"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์—๋Š” "s"๊ฐ€ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
08:50
it is plural. Okay? And therefore, it takes a plural verb.
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๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
Next one, "Six months _____ a long time." So, do we say, "Six months is a long time"
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ "6๊ฐœ์›” _____ ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด "6๊ฐœ์›”์€ ๊ธธ๋‹ค"
09:05
or "Six months are a long time"? What do you think? "Six months is a long time." That's
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๋˜๋Š” "6๊ฐœ์›”์€ ๊ธธ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? "6๊ฐœ์›”์€ ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
09:18
because six months represents a quantity of time. All right?
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6๊ฐœ์›”์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์–‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
09:24
Next one, "Every job _____ an opportunity." So, do we say, "Every job is an opportunity"
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ "๋ชจ๋“  ์ง์—…์€ _____ ๊ธฐํšŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด "๋ชจ๋“  ์ง์—…์€ ๊ธฐํšŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ,
09:33
or do we say, "Every job are an opportunity"? Which one? Okay? Again, because we have the
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด "๋ชจ๋“  ์ง์—…์€ ๊ธฐํšŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ? ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
09:44
word "every", and every time you use the word "every", it's singular.
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"every"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  " every"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
Next one, "The guitar and amplifier _____ in the car." The guitar and amplifier is in the
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ "๊ธฐํƒ€์™€ ์•ฐํ”„๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์— _____ ." ๊ธฐํƒ€์™€ ์•ฐํ”„๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ,
09:59
car or do we say, "The guitar and amplifier are in the car"? What do we do? Okay? In this
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด "๊ธฐํƒ€์™€ ์•ฐํ”„๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ด
10:08
case, you have two subjects connected by the word "and", and so we say, "The guitar and
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๊ฒฝ์šฐ "and"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ "The guitar and
10:20
amplifier are in the car." Okay? I hope you got all of those right. If you're not sure
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amplifier are in the car."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
10:26
or if you'd like some more practice, please go to our website at www.engvid.com. You'll
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ์›ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์ €ํฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ www.engvid.com์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
10:34
find a quiz on this and many other subjects, and also many other lessons on different aspects
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์ด๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์™€ ์˜์–ด์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:41
of English. Thanks very much. Thank you for your time, and good luck with your English.
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. ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜์–ด๋กœ ํ–‰์šด์„ ๋น•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
Bye for now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7